CN115650804A - Garden organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof based on biogas residues - Google Patents
Garden organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof based on biogas residues Download PDFInfo
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- CN115650804A CN115650804A CN202211379646.6A CN202211379646A CN115650804A CN 115650804 A CN115650804 A CN 115650804A CN 202211379646 A CN202211379646 A CN 202211379646A CN 115650804 A CN115650804 A CN 115650804A
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to a garden organic fertilizer and a preparation method of the garden organic fertilizer based on biogas residues, wherein the preparation method comprises the steps of adding a chemical fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen and a filler into solid biogas residues, adjusting the pH value of a system to be slightly acidic, quickly converting reduced organic matters in the biogas residues into oxidized decomposed organic matters based on the oxidation characteristic of nitrate ions of the acidic system, and granulating and drying by a rotary drum to prepare the garden organic fertilizer rich in humic acid. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that organic matters in the biogas residues obtained by anaerobic fermentation are quickly converted into decomposed organic matters in an oxidation state, the growth of garden flowers and fruit trees is positively promoted, the humic acid content of the biogas residue source organic fertilizer reaches 50% -60% after physicochemical treatment, the germination index of seeds is more than 70%, the product decomposition effect is good, and the agricultural standard is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resource utilization of solid wastes, in particular to a garden organic fertilizer and a preparation method of the garden organic fertilizer based on biogas residues.
Background
The wet garbage is also called kitchen garbage and organic garbage, is garbage generated in activities such as daily life and food processing, food service, unit catering and the like of residents, comprises abandoned vegetable leaves, leftovers, fruit peels, egg shells, tea leaves, bones, animal viscera, fish scales, leaves, weeds and the like, and is mainly sourced from household kitchens, restaurants, dining halls, markets and other industries related to food processing.
Along with the continuous promotion of garbage classification, the total amount of biogas residues is in a rapid rising trend. At present, the biogas residues are treated by adopting an incineration method mostly, and the incineration process not only causes energy loss and resource waste, but also converts organic carbon in the biogas residues into carbon dioxide and then discharges the carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. And if the biogas residues are all subjected to incineration treatment, the emission of carbon dioxide is increased by about 10 ten thousand tons every year.
The biogas residue is rich in a large amount of organic matters, humic acid, crude protein, amino acid and other nutrient components, and has high recycling value. In the agricultural industry standard organic fertilizer (NY/T525-2021) implemented in 6.1.2021, biogas residues are listed in the catalog of safety evaluation requirements of raw materials for organic fertilizer production evaluation, and a legal guarantee is provided for fertilizing the biogas residues. The safe garden fertilizer is prepared by using the biogas residues as the raw material to replace the traditional incineration treatment, so that the resource utilization value of the biogas residues is improved, and the important practical significance for realizing carbon peak carbon neutralization is achieved.
In the prior patent technology, the organic fertilizer prepared from the biogas residues through the fermentation method needs to be added with auxiliary materials or inoculated with microbial inoculum, and a large amount of CH is generated through a longer fermentation period 4 、CO 2 And greenhouse gases are difficult to achieve thorough harmless and waste-free discharge. And the additive is directly added as an auxiliary material, so that on one hand, the additive proportion is small, the requirement of a large amount of resource utilization cannot be met, on the other hand, the additive is not treated, crops cannot be fully utilized, and the additive possibly has toxic and harmful effects on the crops.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a method for preparing a garden organic fertilizer based on biogas residues, so that the content of humic acid in the organic fertilizer is up to 50-60%, the germination index of seeds is more than 70%, and the decomposition effect of the product is good.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for preparing a garden organic fertilizer based on biogas residues, which comprises the following steps:
adding a chemical fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen and a filler into solid biogas residues, adjusting the pH value of the system to be slightly acidic, quickly converting reduced organic matters in the biogas residues into decomposed organic matters in an oxidation state based on the oxidation characteristic of nitrate ions in the acidic system, and granulating and drying by a rotary drum to obtain the garden organic fertilizer rich in humic acid.
Further, the solid biogas residue is obtained by wet garbage anaerobic fermentation.
Further, the inhibition effect of the solid biogas residues on the growth of crops is reduced through the oxidation characteristic provided by nitrate ions in the fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen.
Further, the biogas residue is 80-95 parts by weight, the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 4-15 parts by weight, and the filler is 1-5 parts by weight.
Further, the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is selected from one or more of nitrophosphate fertilizer, potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate.
Further, the filler is selected from one or two of calcium carbonate and dolomite.
Further, the method for preparing the garden organic fertilizer based on the biogas residues specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing and mixing: adding powdery nitrate nitrogen fertilizer into solid biogas residues, and stirring and mixing uniformly;
s2, granulation: feeding the mixed material in the step S1 into a rotary drum granulator, adding a filler, adjusting the pH value of a material system to 5.5-6.5, and granulating into balls;
s3, drying, cooling, screening and packaging: and (3) placing the granulated material in a dryer, drying until the moisture of the material is less than 30%, cooling, screening, and packaging the finished product.
Furthermore, the large particles screened in S3 are crushed and then used as a return material, and the return material enters the granulating process in S2 again.
The invention provides a garden organic fertilizer prepared by the method. After physicochemical treatment, the humic acid content of the biogas residue source organic fertilizer reaches 50-60%, the germination index of seeds is more than 70%, and the product has a good decomposition effect and meets the agricultural standard.
The specific mechanism or conceptual logic of the technical scheme is as follows:
the biogas residues are residual solid residual substances produced by the municipal wet garbage through the anaerobic fermentation process, so the biogas residues have strong reducibility, belong to reduced organic matters, are directly applied to agriculture and forestry as organic fertilizers, and can cause serious inhibition effect on the growth of crops, particularly the germination and seedling growth stages due to low decomposition degree.
In the prior art, the biogas residue organic matter is mostly decomposed by mixing with other carbon source organic matters, performing composting treatment again and performing aerobic fermentation.
In the method for preparing the garden organic fertilizer by using the biogas residues in the technical scheme, except for using the biogas residues as a basic organic matter source, substances containing nitrate nitrogen such as a nitrophosphate fertilizer, potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate are required to be added, and the reduced organic matters in the biogas residues are quickly converted into decomposed organic matters in an oxidation state by utilizing the oxidation characteristic of nitrate radicals of an acidic system through controlling the pH value of the acidic system to be 5.5-6.5, so that the garden organic fertilizer can play a positive role in promoting the growth of garden flowers and fruit trees, and reports are not found in the existing literature materials.
The principle of the oxidation process is as follows:
mR-CH 2 OH+n NO 3- +x H + →mR-COOH+nNH 4+ +yH 2 O
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) According to the invention, substances containing nitrate nitrogen such as a nitrophosphate fertilizer, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and the like are added into the biogas residues, and the pH of the system is controlled to be 5.5-6.5 of a slightly acidic system, so that organic matters in the biogas residues obtained by anaerobic fermentation are quickly converted into decomposed organic matters in an oxidation state through physicochemical conversion, and the method has a positive promotion effect on growth of garden flowers and fruit trees. After physicochemical treatment, the content of humic acid in the biogas residue source organic fertilizer reaches 50-60%, the germination index of seeds is more than 70%, and the product has good decomposition effect and meets the agricultural standard.
(2) In the formula of the garden organic fertilizer, the garden organic fertilizer contains high-content decomposed organic matters, and also contains nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and other nutrient elements, so that the fertilizer for the vegetation disclosed by the invention is a novel environment-friendly garden organic fertilizer product.
Detailed Description
The method for preparing the organic fertilizer from the biogas residues comprises the steps of adding chemical fertilizers containing nitrate nitrogen, such as nitrophosphate fertilizer, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and the like into solid biogas residues remained after anaerobic fermentation of wet garbage, adjusting the pH of a system to 5.5-6.5, and then performing rotary drum granulation, drying and other processes to prepare the garden organic fertilizer.
In the invention, the biogas residues are kitchen garbage, organic garbage and solid residues generated after anaerobic fermentation; the nitrate-containing nitrogen fertilizer comprises: nitrophosphate fertilizer, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and the like.
The invention provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer from biogas residues, which comprises the following specific implementation technical steps of:
s1, preparing and mixing: by mass, 80-95 parts of biogas residues (dry basis) are added with 4-15 parts of nitrate nitrogen fertilizers such as powdery nitric phosphate fertilizer, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and the like, and the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly.
S2, granulation: stirring the mixed materials, feeding the materials and the return materials after sieving and crushing into a rotary drum granulator, adding 1 to 5 parts of calcium carbonate or dolomite powder with 200 meshes, adjusting the pH value of a material system to be 5.5 to 6.5, and granulating into balls.
S3, drying, cooling, screening and packaging: drying the granulated material in a dryer until the moisture of the material is less than 30%, cooling, screening and packaging the finished product. The large particles are crushed and then used as return materials together with the fine powder to enter the granulation process again.
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto in any way. In the technical scheme, characteristics such as preparation means, materials, structures or composition ratios and the like which are not explicitly described are all regarded as common technical characteristics disclosed in the prior art.
Meanwhile, chemical reagents used in the examples are all conventional reagents on the market, and technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
S1, preparing and mixing: by mass, 80 parts of biogas residues (dry basis) are added with 15 parts of powdery nitrophosphate fertilizer, and the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly.
S2, granulation: the mixed material is stirred and enters a rotary drum granulator together with the return material after being sieved and crushed, 5 parts of dolomite powder with 200 meshes is added, the pH value of the material system is adjusted to 6.5, and the mixture is granulated into balls.
S3, drying, cooling, screening and packaging: drying the granulated material in a dryer until the moisture of the material is less than 30%, cooling, screening, and packaging the finished product. The large particles are crushed and then used as return materials together with the fine powder to enter the granulation process again.
Example 2
S1, preparing and mixing: by mass, 95 parts of biogas residues (dry basis) are added with 4 parts of powdery potassium nitrate and stirred and mixed uniformly.
S2, granulation: the mixed material is stirred and enters a rotary drum granulator together with the returned material after being sieved and crushed, 1 part of 200-mesh dolomite powder is added, the pH value of a material system is adjusted to 5.5, and granulation and balling are carried out.
S3, drying, cooling, screening and packaging: drying the granulated material in a dryer until the moisture of the material is less than 30%, cooling, screening and packaging the finished product. The large particles are crushed and then used as return materials together with the fine powder to enter the granulation process again.
Example 3
S1, preparing and mixing: 89 parts by mass (dry basis) of biogas residue, 9 parts by mass of powdery calcium nitrate are added, and the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly.
S2, granulation: the mixed material is stirred and enters a rotary drum granulator together with the return material after being sieved and crushed, 2 parts of 200-mesh dolomite powder is added, the pH value of a material system is adjusted to 5.9, and granulation and balling are carried out.
S3, drying, cooling, screening and packaging: drying the granulated material in a dryer until the moisture of the material is less than 30%, cooling, screening and packaging the finished product. The large particles are crushed and then used as return materials together with the fine powder to enter the granulation process again.
Example 4
S1, preparing materials and mixing: by mass, 84 parts of biogas residues (dry basis) are added with 12 parts of powdery nitrophosphate fertilizer and 1 part of potassium nitrate, and the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly.
S2, granulation: the mixed material is stirred and enters a rotary drum granulator together with the return material after being sieved and crushed, 3 parts of calcium carbonate with 200 meshes is added, the pH value of a material system is adjusted to 6.1, and the mixture is granulated into balls.
S3, drying, cooling, screening and packaging: drying the granulated material in a dryer until the moisture of the material is less than 30%, cooling, screening, and packaging the finished product. The large particles are crushed and then used as return materials together with the fine powder to enter the granulation process again.
Example 5
S1, preparing materials and mixing: and adding 6 parts of powdery nitric phosphate fertilizer and 1 part of calcium nitrate into 92 parts of biogas residues (calculated on a dry basis) by mass, and uniformly stirring and mixing.
S2, granulation: the mixed material is stirred and enters a rotary drum granulator together with the return material after being sieved and crushed, 1 part of dolomite powder with 200 meshes is added, the pH value of the material system is adjusted to 5.7, and the mixture is granulated into balls.
S3, drying, cooling, screening and packaging: drying the granulated material in a dryer until the moisture of the material is less than 30%, cooling, screening and packaging the finished product. The large particles are crushed and then used as return materials together with the fine powder to enter the granulation process again.
Example 6
S1, preparing and mixing: by mass, 93 parts of biogas residues (dry basis) are added with 3 parts of powdery nitrophosphate fertilizer, 1 part of potassium nitrate and 1 part of calcium nitrate, and the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly.
S2, granulation: the mixed material is stirred and enters a rotary drum granulator together with the returned material after being sieved and crushed, 1 part of calcium carbonate with 200 meshes and 1 part of dolomite powder are added, the pH value of a material system is adjusted to 6.0, and the mixture is granulated into balls.
S3, drying, cooling, screening and packaging: drying the granulated material in a dryer until the moisture of the material is less than 30%, cooling, screening and packaging the finished product. The large particles are crushed and then used as return materials together with the fine powder, and the return materials enter the granulation process again.
Example 7
S1, preparing and mixing: by mass, 90 parts of biogas residues (dry basis) are added with 4 parts of potassium nitrate and 2 parts of calcium nitrate, and the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly.
S2, granulation: the mixed material is stirred and enters a rotary drum granulator together with the return material after being sieved and crushed, 4 parts of calcium carbonate with 200 meshes is added, the pH value of a material system is adjusted to 6.2, and the mixture is granulated into balls.
S3, drying, cooling, screening and packaging: drying the granulated material in a dryer until the moisture of the material is less than 30%, cooling, screening, and packaging the finished product. The large particles are crushed and then used as return materials together with the fine powder to enter the granulation process again.
Example 8
S1, preparing and mixing: by mass, 82 parts of biogas residues (dry basis) are added with 10 parts of powdery nitrophosphate fertilizer, 2 parts of potassium nitrate and 1 part of calcium nitrate, and the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly.
S2, granulation: the mixed materials are stirred and enter a rotary drum granulator together with the return materials after being sieved and crushed, 2 parts of calcium carbonate and 3 parts of dolomite with 200 meshes are added, the pH value of a material system is adjusted to 6.3, and granulation and balling are carried out.
S3, drying, cooling, screening and packaging: drying the granulated material in a dryer until the moisture of the material is less than 30%, cooling, screening and packaging the finished product. The large particles are crushed and then used as return materials together with the fine powder to enter the granulation process again.
Comparative examples 1 to 2:
determination of total humic acid content of organic matter
2 commercial organic fertilizers produced by a fermentation method in the market are selected as a comparative example 1 and a comparative example 2, and the organic matter content and the total humic acid content of the organic matters in the examples 1-8 and the comparative examples 1-2 are measured.
The design of the subsequent comparative example was: selecting the conditions in the example 1, and adding a common compound fertilizer to replace a nitrophosphate fertilizer to serve as a comparative example 3; the conditions in example 1 were selected and urea was added instead of nitrophosphate as comparative example 4.
Comparative example 3
S1, preparing and mixing: adding 15 parts of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) into 80 parts of biogas residues (dry basis) by mass, and uniformly stirring and mixing.
S2, granulation: the mixed material is stirred and enters a rotary drum granulator together with the return material after being sieved and crushed, 5 parts of dolomite powder with 200 meshes is added, the pH value of the material system is adjusted to 6.5, and the mixture is granulated into balls.
S3, drying, cooling, screening and packaging: drying the granulated material in a dryer until the moisture of the material is less than 30%, cooling, screening and packaging the finished product. The large particles are crushed and then used as return materials together with the fine powder to enter the granulation process again.
Comparative example 4
S1, preparing and mixing: by mass, 80 parts of biogas residue (dry basis) and 15 parts of urea are added, stirred and mixed uniformly.
S2, granulation: the mixed material is stirred and enters a rotary drum granulator together with the return material after being sieved and crushed, 5 parts of dolomite powder with 200 meshes is added, the pH value of the material system is adjusted to 6.5, and the mixture is granulated into balls.
S3, drying, cooling, screening and packaging: drying the granulated material in a dryer until the moisture of the material is less than 30 percent (the mass percentage in the text), cooling, screening and packaging the finished product. The large particles are crushed and then used as return materials together with the fine powder to enter the granulation process again.
And (4) measuring organic matters, and referring to NY/T525-2021 organic fertilizer standards.
And (3) measuring the total humic acid by referring to a method for measuring the yield of the humic acid in the coal of GB/T11957-2001.
Table 1 organic matter and total humic acid of different example products
The test results in table 1 show that the organic matters in examples 1 to 8 are all obviously higher than 30% of the industrial standard of organic fertilizer, and the total humic acid content is also obviously higher than that of the commercial organic fertilizer in the comparative example. Although the total organic matter content is not affected in the comparative examples 3 and 4, the total humic acid content is greatly reduced compared with other examples, which shows that the compound fertilizer and urea which replace nitrophosphate fertilizer in the comparative examples 3 and 4 can not convert organic matters in biogas residues obtained by anaerobic fermentation into decomposed organic matters in an oxidation state, and can possibly inhibit the growth of garden flowers and fruit trees.
Seed germination test
The seed germination experimental method is adopted for testing the maturity indexes of the examples 1-8 and the comparative examples 1-4, and the specific method is as follows: adding 10g fresh sample into 100ml distilled water, shaking for 60min, extracting at 25 deg.C for 1 hr, standing for 0.5 hr, collecting supernatant, filtering, and collecting filtrate; a piece of filter paper with corresponding size is laid in a 9cm culture dish, 10 cucumber seeds with nearly full grains are evenly placed in the culture dish, 10ml of leaching liquor is added in the culture dish, and distilled water is used as a control experiment. Each treatment was repeated 3 times; placing the culture dish in an incubator with 25 +/-1 ℃ and 80% humidity for culturing for 48h; and measuring the germination rate and the root length of the seeds, and calculating GI.
GI (%) = (seed germination rate of compost extract × seed root length)/(seed germination rate of distilled water × seed root length) × 100.
TABLE 2 germination indices of examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from Table 2, the germination indexes of the seeds in the examples 1-8 are all more than 70 percent, which accords with 70 percent specified in the NY/T525-2021 organic fertilizer standard, the organic fertilizer reaches the decomposition standard, and the germination indexes are all superior to the commercial organic fertilizers in the comparative examples 1 and 2. The compound fertilizers and urea which replace nitrophosphate fertilizers in the comparative examples 3 and 4 can not convert organic matters in biogas residues obtained by anaerobic fermentation into decomposed organic matters in an oxidation state, so that the decomposition degree is not enough, the germination index is low, the decomposition standard of the organic fertilizer can not be reached, and the specification of the organic fertilizer standard on the germination index can not be reached.
The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate a person of ordinary skill in the art in understanding and using the invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a garden organic fertilizer based on biogas residues is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adding a chemical fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen and a filler into solid biogas residues, adjusting the pH value of a system to be slightly acidic, quickly converting reduced organic matters in the biogas residues into oxidized decomposed organic matters based on the oxidation characteristic of nitrate ions of an acidic system, and granulating and drying by a rotary drum to prepare the garden organic fertilizer rich in humic acid.
2. The method for preparing the garden organic fertilizer based on biogas residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solid biogas residues are obtained by anaerobic fermentation of wet garbage.
3. The method for preparing garden organic fertilizer based on biogas residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inhibition effect of solid biogas residues on the growth of crops is reduced by the oxidation characteristics provided by nitrate ions in the fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen.
4. The method for preparing the garden organic fertilizer based on the biogas residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biogas residues comprise 80-95 parts by weight, 4-15 parts by weight of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and 1-5 parts by weight of filler.
5. The method for preparing the garden organic fertilizer based on biogas residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is selected from one or more of nitrophosphate fertilizer, potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate.
6. The method for preparing the garden organic fertilizer based on biogas residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filler is one or two selected from calcium carbonate and dolomite.
7. The method for preparing the garden organic fertilizer based on the biogas residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the garden organic fertilizer based on the biogas residues specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing and mixing: adding powdery nitrate nitrogen fertilizer into solid biogas residues, and stirring and mixing uniformly;
s2, granulation: feeding the mixed material in the step S1 into a rotary drum granulator, adding a filler, adjusting the pH value of a material system to 5.5-6.5, and granulating into balls;
s3, drying, cooling, screening and packaging: and (3) placing the granulated material in a dryer, drying until the moisture of the material is less than 30%, cooling, screening, and packaging the finished product.
8. The method for preparing the garden organic fertilizer based on the biogas residues as claimed in claim 7, wherein the large particles screened in S3 are crushed and then used as a return material, and the return material is fed into the granulation process in S2 again.
9. A garden organic fertilizer prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The method for preparing the garden organic fertilizer based on the biogas residues as claimed in claim 9, wherein the humic acid content of the organic fertilizer is 50-60 wt%.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR523351A (en) * | 1913-11-05 | 1921-08-17 | Anton Messerschmitt | Fertilizer manufacturing process |
| CN1247179A (en) * | 1998-08-13 | 2000-03-15 | 刘仁松 | Compound multi-element organic fertilizer and its preparing process |
| CN108947675A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-12-07 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | Biogas residue and biogas liquid fertilizer efficiency promoter and the method for improving biogas residue and biogas liquid effect of fertilizer using promotor |
| US20210078916A1 (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2021-03-18 | CCm Technologies Limited | Method of producing a fertiliser composition and fertiliser composition produced thereby |
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- 2022-11-04 CN CN202211379646.6A patent/CN115650804A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR523351A (en) * | 1913-11-05 | 1921-08-17 | Anton Messerschmitt | Fertilizer manufacturing process |
| CN1247179A (en) * | 1998-08-13 | 2000-03-15 | 刘仁松 | Compound multi-element organic fertilizer and its preparing process |
| US20210078916A1 (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2021-03-18 | CCm Technologies Limited | Method of producing a fertiliser composition and fertiliser composition produced thereby |
| CN108947675A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-12-07 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | Biogas residue and biogas liquid fertilizer efficiency promoter and the method for improving biogas residue and biogas liquid effect of fertilizer using promotor |
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