CN115647478A - Method for machining PCD saw blade by using laser grinding - Google Patents
Method for machining PCD saw blade by using laser grinding Download PDFInfo
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- CN115647478A CN115647478A CN202211415810.4A CN202211415810A CN115647478A CN 115647478 A CN115647478 A CN 115647478A CN 202211415810 A CN202211415810 A CN 202211415810A CN 115647478 A CN115647478 A CN 115647478A
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- B23D65/00—Making tools for sawing machines or sawing devices for use in cutting any kind of material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for grinding a PCD saw blade by using laser, which belongs to the field of PCD saw blade production. The method mainly comprises a sawtooth rough machining process and a sawtooth fine machining process, wherein the sawtooth rough machining process comprises a sawtooth rear corner face machining process and sawtooth side face machining processes on two sides. The invention respectively processes the sawteeth of the PCD saw blade in three procedures, wherein the rear corner face and the side face of the sawteeth can be simultaneously processed by two laser processing devices, or the rear corner face and the side face of the sawteeth can be respectively processed by one laser processing device without sequence, and finally, the finishing of the cutting edge of the sawteeth is carried out, and the cutting edge of the sawteeth with the arc structure is ground into a sharp corner structure. The laser processing method is mainly used for laser processing of the rear corner face, the side face and the cutting edge of the sawteeth on the PCD saw blade.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a PCD saw blade processing method, and particularly relates to a method for processing a PCD saw blade by using laser grinding.
Background
The PCD saw blade is widely applied to cutting of hard and brittle materials such as ceramics, wood boards, stones, concrete, refractory materials and the like as a cutting tool. As shown in fig. 5, the PCD saw blade mainly comprises a blade body 11 and a plurality of saw teeth 5, the blade body 11 in the middle is formed by punching a steel plate, and the saw teeth 5 are welded on a mounting seat of the blade body 11. As shown in fig. 6, the saw blade 5 includes a PCD layer 51 and an alloy layer 52 welded to each other, and the bottom of the alloy layer 52 is welded to the mount base of the blade body 11. When the PCD saw blade is processed, the rear sawtooth corner face 2, the side sawtooth faces 3 and the cutting edges 4 of the sawteeth 5 are mainly processed, and the cutting edges 4 of the sawteeth refer to the intersecting lines of the rear sawtooth corner face 2, the side sawtooth faces 3 and the front sawtooth corner face 1.
Since the PCD layer 51 of the saw blade 5 is made of diamond, it has high hardness and high wear resistance, and thus a general machining method cannot machine a PCD saw blade. Therefore, in the prior art, the PCD saw blade is mainly processed by adopting a grinding or electric spark mode, the grinding or electric spark processing efficiency is too low, the processing precision is poor, a small notch exists on a processing surface, and the product quality is not guaranteed. Meanwhile, a large amount of cutting fluid is needed for grinding, and the pollution of the cutting fluid is extremely difficult to treat. Secondly, the PCD layer made of diamond has poor conductivity and even is not conductive, so that the electric spark machining efficiency is low; and the electric spark machining needs to be provided with special sawtooth side surface machining equipment and sawtooth rear angle surface machining equipment, so that the machining cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the defects in the prior art are overcome, the method for machining the PCD saw blade by using the laser grinding is provided, pulse laser is used for replacing the traditional machining process, the machining efficiency of the saw teeth is improved by 5 times, the PCD saw blade is machined by laser, the profile degree of a machined surface is reduced to 5 micrometers, and the machining precision and the product quality are improved.
The method for machining the PCD saw blade by using the laser grinding comprises a sawtooth rough machining process and a sawtooth fine machining process, wherein the sawtooth rough machining process comprises a sawtooth rear corner face machining process and sawtooth side face machining processes on two sides.
Preferably, the step of the saw tooth flank machining process includes:
s101, installing a PCD saw blade into laser processing equipment, enabling a front corner face of saw teeth on the PCD saw blade to be opposite to the emission direction of laser, and fixing the PCD saw blade;
s102, synchronously adjusting the relative positions of the laser galvanometer and the PCD saw blade to enable the focus of a laser beam emitted by the laser galvanometer to fall on the side surface of the saw tooth on one side of the saw tooth;
s103, adjusting the swing angle of the laser galvanometer to enable the included angle a between the laser beam emitted by the laser galvanometer and the side face of the sawtooth to be processed to be 5-20 degrees;
s104, selecting a first scanning pattern of the laser galvanometer, and enabling the laser behind the galvanometer to reciprocate line by line along the first scanning pattern until the laser processing is finished and the area of the whole first scanning pattern is located;
s105, emitting laser by a laser galvanometer, moving the laser relative to the side face of the sawtooth from one end close to the rear angle face of the sawtooth to the other end for grinding, recording the grinding depth as A and the grinding width as B, and finishing the processing of the first layer of the side face of the sawtooth when the other end of the side face of the sawtooth is ground;
s106, adjusting the laser galvanometer to move downwards for a distance A, enabling laser emitted by the laser galvanometer to be located at one end, close to the rear corner face of the sawtooth, of the side face of the sawtooth, adjusting the swing angle of the laser galvanometer in real time, and repeating the action of S105 after the requirement of S103 is met all the time to complete the processing of the second layer of the side face of the sawtooth;
s107, repeating the action of the step S106 until the side face of the sawtooth on one side of the whole sawtooth is machined;
s108, repeating the action of S102 to enable the focus of the laser beam emitted by the laser galvanometer to fall on the sawtooth side face on the other side of the sawtooth, and repeating the actions from S103 to S107 until the whole sawtooth side face on the other side of the sawtooth is machined;
and S109, the PCD saw blade is stirred for a saw tooth distance, and the actions from S102 to S108 are repeated until the side faces of all saw teeth on the PCD saw blade are processed, and then the PCD saw blade is taken down.
Preferably, in S105, the laser moves from M point to N point on the side of the sawtooth, the moving speed of the laser relative to the side of the sawtooth is 200-1200mm/S, the laser frequency is 30-60KHz, and the pulse width is 350-500ns.
Preferably, the step of the saw tooth back corner face machining process includes:
s201, installing a PCD saw blade into laser processing equipment and fixing the PCD saw blade, wherein a front corner face of sawteeth on the PCD saw blade is opposite to the emission direction of laser;
s202, adjusting the relative position of the laser galvanometer and the PCD saw blade to enable the laser beam emitted by the laser galvanometer to form an included angle b with the rear angle of the saw tooth to be processed, wherein the included angle b is 5-20 degrees;
s203, according to the processing requirement of the saw tooth rear angle, selecting a second scanning pattern of the laser galvanometer, projecting the second scanning pattern to a position on the saw tooth front angle surface, close to the saw tooth rear angle, wherein the second scanning pattern is the same as the shape of the saw tooth rear angle to be processed, rapidly reciprocating the laser after the laser galvanometer along the second scanning pattern, and moving the laser to one side far away from the saw blade body relative to the PCD saw blade and carrying out line-by-line scanning processing when the laser is scanned until the second scanning pattern is scanned once;
and S204, starting a laser, grinding the rear angle surface of the sawtooth by using the laser beam emitted by the laser galvanometer, directly scanning the rear angle shape by the laser galvanometer along the second scanning pattern, and synchronously adjusting the relative position of the laser beam and the rear angle surface of the sawtooth while rapidly reciprocating along the second scanning pattern so that the laser beam emitted by the laser galvanometer finishes grinding the rear angle surface of the sawtooth from top to bottom at one time relative to the rear angle surface of the sawtooth.
S205, the PCD saw blade is shifted by a saw tooth distance, the actions from S202 to S204 are repeated until the machining of all the saw tooth rear corner faces on the PCD saw blade is completed, and finally the PCD saw blade is taken down.
Preferably, in S204, the moving speed of the laser beam relative to the sawtooth rear angle surface is 200-1200mm/S, the laser frequency is 30-60KHz, and the pulse width is 350-500ns.
Preferably, the step of the saw tooth finishing process includes:
s301, reversely installing the PCD saw blade into laser processing equipment and fixing the PCD saw blade, wherein the front corner face of sawteeth on the PCD saw blade close to the laser is in the same direction as the emission direction of the laser;
s302, adjusting the swing angle of a laser galvanometer to enable the included angle a between a laser beam and the side face of the sawtooth at the sawtooth cutting edge to be processed to be 5-20 degrees;
s303, selecting a third scanning pattern of the laser galvanometer, wherein the middle position of the third scanning pattern is in contact with a to-be-processed sawtooth cutting edge of the sawtooth; when the laser is scanned, the laser can rapidly reciprocate line by line along the third scanning pattern, and meanwhile, the laser can be scanned in the area where the whole third scanning pattern is located;
s304, during processing, adjusting the relative position of the laser beam and the cutting edge of the sawtooth to be processed in real time, so that the laser beam emitted by the laser galvanometer is processed from one side of the sawtooth to the cutting edge in the backward angle direction from the end point of the cutting edge close to one end of the saw blade body until the laser beam completely passes through the cutting edge at the rear angle surface of the sawtooth;
s305, adjusting the relative position of the laser beam and the cutting edge of the sawtooth to be processed again, synchronously adjusting the swing angle of the laser galvanometer to meet the requirement of S302, and enabling the laser beam emitted by the laser galvanometer to be processed from the other side of the sawtooth to the cutting edge in the rear angle direction again from the end point of the cutting edge close to one end of the saw blade body until the laser beam passes through the cutting edge at the rear angle surface of the sawtooth;
s306, the PCD saw blade is shifted by the laser processing equipment for a saw tooth distance, the actions from S302 to S305 are repeated until the finish machining of all the saw tooth cutting edges on the PCD saw blade is completed, and finally the PCD saw blade is taken down.
Preferably, before S303, the size of the field lens of the laser galvanometer is adjusted so that the focal point of the laser beam is on the extension line of the oscillating axis of the laser galvanometer.
Preferably, in S304 and S305, the speed of the laser beam passing through the sawtooth cutting edge to be processed is 200-1200mm/S, the laser frequency is 80-200KHz, and the pulse width is 30-150ns.
Preferably, the step of machining the back corner face of the saw tooth and the step of machining the side face of the saw tooth are performed simultaneously.
Preferably, the sawtooth rear corner face machining process and the sawtooth side face machining process are not in sequence.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method comprises the steps of respectively processing sawteeth of the PCD saw blade in three processes, wherein a rear corner face and a side face of the sawteeth can be simultaneously processed by two laser processing devices, or the rear corner face and the side face of the sawteeth can be respectively processed by one laser processing device without sequence, and finally, the finishing of the cutting edge of the sawteeth is carried out, so that the cutting edge of the sawteeth with the arc structure is ground into a sharp corner structure;
2. according to the invention, the back corner surface, the side surface and the cutting edge of the sawtooth are processed by the pulse laser, so that no cutting fluid pollution is caused, the profile tolerance is reduced to 5 micrometers by laser processing, the generation of tiny broken openings is avoided, and the product quality and the processing precision are greatly improved;
3. the sawtooth back angle is scanned to form the shape of the sawtooth back angle through the direct galvanometer, so that the sawtooth back angle surface is ground by pulse laser at one time without special processing equipment, the production cost is reduced, and the processing efficiency is greatly improved;
4. the sawtooth blade is adding man-hour in the correct grinding, utilizes pulse laser to shine one time respectively along the blade of both sides sawtooth side along the rear of third scanning figure in the place ahead from being close to the saw bit body along the middle part position, accomplishes the coping of sawtooth blade, makes the sawtooth blade after the coping become sharp closed angle structure, avoids the laser to commutate when pausing for a long time and the blade that leads to excessively grind simultaneously, has improved product quality greatly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of a sawtooth side machining process;
FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram of a sawtooth rear corner face machining process;
FIG. 4 is a process flow diagram of a tooth finishing process;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a prior art PCD saw blade;
FIG. 6 is a partial enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the ladder teeth in relation to a second scan pattern;
FIG. 8 is a top view of the helical teeth;
FIG. 9 is a top view of a flat tooth;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a ladder tooth configuration;
FIG. 11 is a left side view of the ladder tooth;
FIG. 12 is a top view of the ladder teeth in relation to the first scan pattern;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the mating of the trapezoidal tooth relief angle with the laser beam;
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the relationship between the cutting edge of the trapezoidal teeth and the third scanning pattern;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a stepped tooth finishing process
FIG. 16 is a reference view showing a state in which the laser machining apparatus for rough cutting of a saw tooth is used;
FIG. 17 is a schematic front view of a saw tooth roughing laser machining apparatus;
fig. 18 is a partial enlarged view of portion B of fig. 17;
FIG. 19 is a reference view showing a state of use of the apparatus for laser machining for fine machining of saw teeth;
fig. 20 is a partially enlarged view of a portion C in fig. 19.
In the figure, 1, a sawtooth front corner surface; 2. a sawtooth rear corner face; 3. a sawtooth side; 4. a sawtooth cutting edge; 5. saw teeth; 51. a PCD layer; 52. an alloy layer; 6. a frame; 7. a laser lifting mechanism; 8. a laser translation mechanism; 81. a sliding plate; 9. a rotating assembly; 91. a servo motor; 92. a rotary speed reducer; 93. a rotating plate; 10. a saw blade clamping mechanism; 11. a saw blade body; 12. a saw blade translation mechanism; 13. a laser galvanometer; 131. a laser beam; 14. a gear shifter; 141. a tooth poking needle; 15. a first scanning pattern; 16. a second scan pattern; 17. and a third scanning pattern.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
as shown in fig. 10, since the saw teeth 5 of the conventional PCD saw blade are cut mainly by the saw tooth edge 4, the saw teeth 5 mainly involve the processing of the saw tooth rear corner face 2, the saw tooth side faces 3 on both sides of the saw tooth 5, and the saw tooth edge 4 during the processing. Wherein, the sawtooth rear angle surface 2 and the sawtooth side surface 3 are inclined surfaces with certain inclination angles.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the method for machining a PCD saw blade using laser grinding includes a saw tooth rough machining process and a saw tooth finish machining process, and the saw tooth rough machining process includes a saw tooth rear corner face machining process and a saw tooth side face machining process at both sides.
In the sawtooth side surface processing procedure, the swing angle of the laser galvanometer 13 is adjusted in real time, so that the laser beam 131 emitted by the laser galvanometer 13 and the sawtooth side surface 3 to be processed keep an included angle a, and then laser is processed on the sawtooth side surface 3 from top to bottom relative to the sawtooth front angle surface 1 line by line until the sawtooth side surface 3 on one side is processed; the sawtooth side 3 on the other side is machined as described above.
In the saw tooth rear angle surface processing procedure, after a second scanning pattern 16 with the same shape as the saw tooth rear angle to be processed is directly scanned through the laser galvanometer 13, the laser is enabled to grind the shape of the saw tooth rear angle on the saw tooth rear angle surface 2 from top to bottom at one time relative to the saw tooth front angle surface 1 along the second scanning pattern 16.
And a sawtooth finish machining process, namely after the third scanning pattern 17 of the laser galvanometer is selected, the middle position of the third scanning pattern 17 is in contact with the sawtooth cutting edge 4 to be machined, during laser scanning, the third scanning pattern 17 is rapidly moved in a reciprocating mode line by line, and meanwhile, the relative position of the laser and the sawtooth cutting edge 4 to be machined is adjusted, and the machining of the sawtooth cutting edge 4 is completed.
When the PCD saw blade is processed, the processing procedure of the back corner surface and the processing procedure of the side surface of the saw tooth can be simultaneously carried out by two pieces of saw tooth rough machining laser processing equipment, and one piece of saw tooth rough machining laser processing equipment can also be adopted to carry out the processing in a non-sequential way.
Example two:
the method of the invention is matched with laser processing equipment for processing. As shown in fig. 16 and 17, the laser processing apparatus includes a frame 6, a table horizontally disposed is disposed on the frame 6, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established with the table as a reference, a direction perpendicular to the table is defined as a Z-axis, an X-axis and a Y-axis perpendicular to each other are disposed on the table, respectively, the PCD saw blade is mounted in the laser processing apparatus, a plane of the PCD saw blade is perpendicular to the table, a direction of a central axis of the PCD saw blade is defined as an X-axis, and a direction perpendicular to a plane a of the X-axis and the Z-axis is defined as a Y-axis.
A laser lifting mechanism 7 is installed on a rack 6, the laser lifting mechanism 7 lifts along the Z-axis direction, a laser translation mechanism 8 capable of moving back and forth along the X-axis direction is arranged on the laser lifting mechanism 7, a saw blade translation mechanism 12 capable of moving left and right along the Y-axis direction is installed on the rack 6, a PCD saw blade is installed on the saw blade translation mechanism 12, a saw blade hanging mechanism used for installing the PCD saw blade is arranged on the saw blade translation mechanism 12, a saw blade clamping mechanism 10 used for clamping and fixing the PCD saw blade, and the PCD saw blade is installed on the saw blade translation mechanism 12 in the forward direction and fixes a saw blade body 11 through a cylinder of the saw blade clamping mechanism 10. The X, Y, and Z axes described above are merely reference coordinate axes that define the relative positional relationship of the laser translation mechanism 8, the saw blade translation mechanism 12, and the laser lift mechanism 7 in a three-dimensional space, and do not define a specific direction.
The driving modes of the laser lifting mechanism 7, the laser translation mechanism 8 and the saw blade translation mechanism 12 are the prior art, and preferably adopt a linear motor for driving, namely the laser lifting mechanism 7, the laser translation mechanism 8 and the saw blade translation mechanism 12 are respectively connected with a rotor of the linear motor, a stator of the linear motor 13 is fixedly connected with the rack 1, the driving precision of the linear motor is high, and therefore the processing precision of sawteeth is higher.
As shown in fig. 18, the slide plate 81 of the laser translation mechanism 8 is provided with a rotatable and swingable rotary unit 9, and the rotation axis of the rotary unit 9 is parallel to the Y-axis direction, that is, the rotary unit 9 is swingable in the Y-axis direction. Rotating assembly 9 includes servo motor 91 and gyration board 93, and servo motor 91 is fixed on slide 81, and servo motor 91's output passes through rotary speed reducer 92 to be connected with gyration board 93, installs laser galvanometer 13 and dials tooth ware 14 on rotating assembly 9's the gyration board 93, and the laser instrument adopts pulse laser, and laser galvanometer 13 passes through optic fibre and is connected with the laser instrument, and the pulse laser of laser instrument transmission is for laser galvanometer 13 through optic fibre. The tooth shifting device 14 is provided with a tooth shifting needle 141, namely the laser galvanometer 13 and the tooth shifting device 14 can rotate along with the rotation of the rotary plate 93, so that the adjustment of the swing angle of the laser along the Y axis is carried out, meanwhile, as the laser focus is closer to the extension line of the rotary shaft of the rotary plate 93, the higher the cutting precision of the laser is, the field lens of the laser galvanometer 13 can be adjusted, so that the laser focus of the laser beam 131 is positioned on the central axis of the rotation of the rotary plate 93, namely the laser focus is positioned on the extension line of the rotary shaft of the rotary speed reducer 92, and the cutting precision is improved.
As shown in fig. 18, during rough machining of the saw teeth (machining of the rear angle surface 2 or the side surface 3 of the saw teeth), the installation angle of the laser galvanometer 13 is adjusted, and the included angle between the laser galvanometer 13 and the vertical surface where the rotating plate 93 is located is 10-20 degrees, preferably 15 degrees; the front sawtooth angle surface 1 on one side of the PCD saw blade close to the laser galvanometer 13 is arranged upwards; the setting needle 141 is disposed to be inclined downward.
As shown in fig. 2, the step of the saw tooth side surface processing process includes:
s101, installing the PCD saw blade into laser processing equipment, enabling a saw tooth front corner face 1 on the PCD saw blade to be opposite to the emission direction of laser, and fixing the PCD saw blade; for example, if the emitted laser light is to the left, the sawtooth front corner face 1 faces to the right; in this embodiment, the laser is emitted obliquely downward with the sawtooth front facet 1 facing upward.
S102, synchronously adjusting the relative positions of the laser galvanometer 13 and the PCD saw blade to enable the focus of a laser beam 131 emitted by the laser galvanometer 13 to fall on the sawtooth side surface 3 on the sawtooth 5 side.
S103, the controller starts and transfers the servo motor 91, the servo motor 91 drives the rotary plate 93 to rotate by driving the rotary speed reducer 92, and the swing angle of the laser galvanometer 13 is adjusted, so that the included angle a between the laser beam 131 emitted by the laser galvanometer 13 and the side surface 3 of the sawtooth to be processed is 5-20 degrees, the included angle a is an artificial preset value and can be adjusted according to the processing requirement.
S104, as shown in FIG. 12, the trapezoidal teeth are taken as an example for explanation in the present embodiment, the structure of the trapezoidal teeth is as shown in FIG. 10, the first scanning pattern 15 of the laser galvanometer 13 is selected to be rectangular, the first scanning pattern 15 is the same as the laser emitting direction, the first scanning pattern 15 is projected onto the sawtooth front corner surface 1, the laser behind the galvanometer is made to reciprocate along the rectangular length direction, meanwhile, the laser is processed line by line along the rectangular width direction until the laser processing is completed and the area of the whole rectangle is located, and the rectangular width is the grinding amount of one processing; the length direction of the rectangle is parallel to a sawtooth cutting edge 4 at the intersection of the side face 3 to be processed and the sawtooth front corner face 1, the length of the rectangle is 0.5-1mm, and the width of the rectangle is the grinding amount of the sawtooth side face 3 processed once; the length and the width of the rectangle can be adjusted according to the size of the sawtooth blank and the grinding requirement; the laser after the galvanometer moves back and forth along the first scan pattern 15 line by line until the laser machining completes the entire area of the first scan pattern 15.
S105, during machining, a laser and a laser galvanometer 13 are started, a controller controls the laser translation mechanism 8, the saw blade translation mechanism 12 and the laser lifting mechanism 7 to cooperatively act, so that the laser beam 131 moves from one end close to the saw tooth rear corner surface 2 to the other end relative to the saw tooth side surface 3 to grind, the grinding depth is recorded as A, the grinding width is recorded as B, and when the other end of the saw tooth side surface 3 at the position is ground, the machining of the first layer of the saw tooth side surface 3 is finished at the moment; specifically, as shown in fig. 11 and 12, the focal point of the laser beam 131 is ground from point M to point N, the grinding depth is a, and the grinding width is B, thereby completing the processing of the first layer of the side surface 3. Since the machining amount of the sawtooth side face 3 is small, the grinding width B of the laser is generally equal to the width of the first scanning pattern 15; the laser moves from M point to N point on the sawtooth side 3, the moving speed of the laser relative to the sawtooth side 3 is 200-1200mm/s, the laser frequency is 30-60KHz, 40KHz is preferred, and the pulse width is 350-500ns, 500ns is preferred.
S106, the controller controls the laser lifting mechanism 7 to drive the laser translation mechanism 8 and the laser galvanometer 13 to move downwards for a distance A, and the laser is enabled to rapidly return to the direction of the point M, namely the laser emitted by the laser galvanometer 13 is located at one end, close to the sawtooth rear corner surface 2, of the sawtooth side surface 3, the swing angle of the laser galvanometer 13 is adjusted in real time in the same mode as S103, the laser emitted by the laser galvanometer 13 and the sawtooth side surface 3 always keep an included angle a, and after the laser beam 131 returns to the direction of the initial position, the action of S105 is repeated, and the processing of the second layer of the sawtooth side surface 3 is completed.
And S107, repeating the operation of S106 until the whole sawtooth side surface 3 on the sawtooth 5 side is processed.
And S108, adjusting the swing angle of the laser galvanometer 13, repeating the action of S102 to enable the focus of the laser beam 131 emitted by the laser galvanometer 13 to fall on the sawtooth side surface 3 on the other side of the sawtooth 5, and repeating the actions of S103 to S107 until the whole sawtooth side surface 3 on the other side of the sawtooth 5 is machined.
S109, the controller controls the saw blade clamping mechanism 10 to loosen the PCD saw blade, the laser lifting mechanism 7 is started, the laser lifting mechanism 7 drives the tooth shifting device 14 to move downwards, the PCD saw blade is shifted downwards by a saw tooth 5 distance, namely the PCD saw blade rotates anticlockwise by a saw tooth 5 distance, the actions from S102 to S108 are repeated, and the PCD saw blade is taken down until the machining of all saw tooth side surfaces 3 on the PCD saw blade is completed. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
Example three:
the shape of the rear angle of the serrations 5 is varied. As shown in fig. 7, the serrations 5 are trapezoidal teeth; fig. 8 shows that the saw teeth 5 are helical teeth; as shown in fig. 9, the saw teeth 5 are flat teeth. The embodiment can be used to process the rear corner regardless of the structure.
As shown in fig. 3, the step of the saw tooth back corner face processing step includes:
s201, installing the PCD saw blade into laser processing equipment and fixing the PCD saw blade, wherein the front corner face of saw teeth on the PCD saw blade is opposite to the emission direction of laser; in this embodiment, the laser is emitted obliquely downward with the sawtooth front facet 1 facing upward.
S202, adjusting the relative position of the laser galvanometer 13 and the PCD saw blade by adopting laser processing equipment shown in figure 16, and enabling a laser beam 131 emitted by the laser galvanometer 13 to form an included angle b with a rear angle surface 2 of the sawtooth to be processed as shown in figure 13, wherein the included angle b is 5-20 degrees; the specific numerical value of the included angle b is adjusted according to the processing requirements, and the size of the included angle b influences the processing precision of the sawtooth rear corner face 2. The size of the included angle b can be adjusted by adjusting the included angle between the laser galvanometer 13 and the vertical plane of the rotating plate 93.
S203, according to the processing requirement of the saw tooth back angle, selecting a second scanning pattern 16 of the laser galvanometer 13, projecting the second scanning pattern 16 to the position, close to the saw tooth back angle, on the saw tooth front angle surface 1, wherein the shape of the second scanning pattern 16 is the same as that of the saw tooth back angle to be processed, rapidly reciprocating the laser after the laser is vibrated along the second scanning pattern 16, and when the laser is scanned, the laser moves to the side far away from the saw blade body 11 relative to the PCD saw blade and carries out line-by-line scanning processing until the second scanning pattern 16 is scanned once.
In this embodiment, the trapezoidal teeth are taken as an example, as shown in fig. 7, the bottom edge of the second scanning pattern 16 is a trapezoidal broken line without a lower bottom edge, and the second scanning pattern 16 needs to cover a rear corner of a portion to be ground. The second scanning graph 16 is projected downwards to a position, close to the back angle of the sawtooth, on the front angle surface 1 of the sawtooth, the bottom edge of the second scanning graph 16 is the same as the back angle of the sawtooth to be processed in shape, the laser after the mirror vibrating rapidly reciprocates along the edge, which is the same as the back angle of the sawtooth to be processed, on the second scanning graph 16, and the laser is processed by scanning line by line to one side far away from the saw blade body 11, and the part between the dotted line and the bottom edge of the second scanning graph 16 in the graph 7 is the part to be ground by the laser.
And S204, during machining, starting a laser, grinding the sawtooth rear angle surface 2 through the laser beam 131 emitted by the laser galvanometer 13, directly scanning the rear angle shape by the laser galvanometer 13 along the second scanning pattern 16, and synchronously adjusting the relative position of the laser beam 131 and the sawtooth rear angle surface 2 while rapidly reciprocating along the second scanning pattern 16 so that the laser beam 131 emitted by the laser galvanometer 13 finishes grinding the sawtooth rear angle surface 2 from top to bottom at one time relative to the sawtooth rear angle surface 2.
The moving speed of the laser beam 131 relative to the sawtooth rear-angle surface 2 is 200-1200mm/s, the laser moving speed is adjusted according to the processing requirement, the laser frequency is 30-60KHz, preferably 40KHz, and the pulse width is 350-500ns, preferably 500ns.
S205, the PCD saw blade is shifted by a distance of a saw tooth 5, the actions from S202 to S204 are repeated until the machining of all the saw tooth rear corner faces 2 on the PCD saw blade is completed, and finally the PCD saw blade is taken down. The principle is the same as S109, and the others are the same as those of the embodiment.
Example four:
after the sawtooth 5 finishes the sawtooth rough machining process, namely the sawtooth side face 3 and the sawtooth rear corner face 2 are both ground, at the moment, the sawtooth cutting edge 4 at the joint of the sawtooth side face 3 and the sawtooth rear corner face 2 and the sawtooth front corner face 1 is still in an arc structure, and the sawtooth cutting edge 4 needs to be ground, so that the ground sawtooth cutting edge 4 is changed into a sharp pointed structure from the arc structure.
As shown in fig. 19 and 20, in the case of the serration finishing, the angle between the laser galvanometer 13 of the laser processing apparatus and the vertical plane on which the rotary plate 93 is located is adjusted to 0 °, and the setting pin 141 is inclined upward. When the PCD saw blade is installed, the sawtooth front corner surface 1 close to one side of the laser galvanometer 13 is arranged downwards.
As shown in fig. 4, the saw tooth finishing process includes the steps of:
s301, reversely installing the PCD saw blade into laser processing equipment and fixing the PCD saw blade, wherein the direction of a sawtooth front corner surface 1 on the PCD saw blade close to the laser is the same as the emission direction of the laser; if the laser is emitted from left to right, the sawtooth front corner surface 1 is also arranged right; in this embodiment, the laser processing apparatus shown in fig. 19 is used, so that the laser light is emitted downward with the sawtooth front corner face 1 downward.
S302, adjusting the swing angle of the laser galvanometer 13 through the rotating component 9 to enable the included angle a between the laser beam 131 and the side face of the sawtooth at the sawtooth cutting edge 4 to be processed to be 5-20 degrees; the size of the field lens of the laser galvanometer 13 is adjusted so that the focal point of the laser beam 131 is on the extension line of the oscillation axis of the laser galvanometer 13.
S303, selecting a third scanning pattern 17 of the laser galvanometer, wherein in the embodiment, the third scanning pattern 17 is rectangular, the middle position of the third scanning pattern 17 is in contact with the sawtooth cutting edge 4 to be processed, and the sawtooth cutting edge 4 to be processed in the area of 0.5-2mm in the middle of the third scanning pattern 17 is selected; during scanning, the laser can rapidly reciprocate line by line along the third scanning pattern 17, and meanwhile, the area where the whole third scanning pattern 17 is located is scanned completely; specifically, the emission direction of the third scanning pattern 17 is the same as the laser emission direction, the scanned rectangle is projected, a part of the rectangle is projected onto the sawtooth side surface 3, the long side of the rectangle and the sawtooth cutting edge 4 to be processed are 30-60 degrees, preferably 45 degrees, the middle position of the long side of the rectangle is in contact with the sawtooth cutting edge 4 to be processed, the laser after the galvanometer can rapidly reciprocate along the long side direction of the scanned rectangle, and meanwhile, the laser can scan line by line along the short side direction of the rectangle until the whole area where the third scanning pattern 17 is located is scanned.
S304, during machining, adjusting the relative position of the laser beam 131 and the cutting edge 4 of the sawtooth to be machined in real time, so that the laser beam 131 emitted by the laser galvanometer 13 is machined from one side of the sawtooth 5 to the cutting edge in the rear angle direction from the end point of the cutting edge close to one end of the saw blade body 1 until the laser beam 131 completely passes through the cutting edge at the rear angle surface 2 of the sawtooth; that is, as shown in fig. 15, the laser beam 131 passes through point P1, point P2, point P6 and point P3 in sequence, and the machining of the cutting edge on the other side is completed.
S305, adjusting the relative position of the laser beam 131 and the cutting edge 4 of the sawtooth to be processed again, synchronously adjusting the swing angle of the laser galvanometer 13 to meet the requirement of S302, and enabling the laser beam 131 emitted by the laser galvanometer 13 to be processed from the other side of the sawtooth 5 to the cutting edge in the rear angle direction again at the end point of the cutting edge close to one end of the saw blade body 1 until the laser beam 131 passes through the cutting edge at the rear angle surface 2 of the sawtooth; namely, the laser beam 131 passes through point P4, point P5, point P3 and point P6 in sequence, and the machining of the cutting edge on the other side is completed.
The speed of the laser beam 131 passing through the sawtooth cutting edge 4 to be processed is 200-1200mm/s, the specific speed is adjusted according to the processing requirement, the laser frequency is 80-200KHz, preferably 100 KHz, and the pulse width is 30-150ns, preferably 45 ns.
S306, the PCD saw blade is moved upwards by the laser processing equipment by a distance of one saw tooth 5, the actions from S302 to S305 are repeated until the finish machining of all saw tooth cutting edges 4 on the PCD saw blade is completed, and finally the PCD saw blade is taken down. The other steps are the same as those in the example.
In the present invention, the relative position between the laser beam 131 and the processing surface is realized by controlling the laser translation mechanism 8, the saw blade translation mechanism 12, and the laser lifting mechanism 7 to cooperatively operate, and the specific operation process is the prior art and is not described in detail.
Claims (10)
1. The method for machining the PCD saw blade by using the laser grinding is characterized by comprising a sawtooth rough machining process and a sawtooth fine machining process, wherein the sawtooth rough machining process comprises a sawtooth rear corner face machining process and sawtooth side face machining processes on two sides.
2. The method of machining a PCD saw blade using laser grinding as set forth in claim 1, wherein the step of the saw tooth flank machining process step includes:
s101, installing the PCD saw blade into laser processing equipment, enabling a saw tooth front corner face (1) on the PCD saw blade to be opposite to the emission direction of laser, and fixing the PCD saw blade;
s102, synchronously adjusting the relative positions of the laser galvanometer (13) and the PCD saw blade to enable the focus of a laser beam (131) emitted by the laser galvanometer (13) to fall on the sawtooth side surface (3) on one side of the sawtooth (5);
s103, adjusting the swing angle of the laser galvanometer (13) to enable the included angle a between a laser beam (131) emitted by the laser galvanometer (13) and the side face (3) of the sawtooth to be processed to be 5-20 degrees;
s104, selecting a first scanning pattern (15) of the laser galvanometer (13), and enabling the laser after the galvanometer to reciprocate line by line along the first scanning pattern (15) until the laser processing is finished and the area of the first scanning pattern (15) is located;
s105, emitting laser by a laser galvanometer (13), moving the laser relative to the sawtooth side surface (3) from one end close to the sawtooth rear corner surface (2) to the other end for grinding, wherein the grinding depth is recorded as A, the grinding width is recorded as B, and when the other end of the sawtooth side surface (3) at the position is ground, processing of a first layer of the sawtooth side surface (3) is completed;
s106, adjusting the laser galvanometer (13) to move downwards for a distance A, positioning the laser emitted by the laser galvanometer (13) at one end of the sawtooth side surface (3) close to the sawtooth rear corner surface (2), adjusting the swing angle of the laser galvanometer (13) in real time, repeating the action of S105 after the requirement of S103 is always met, and finishing the processing of the second layer of the sawtooth side surface (3);
s107, repeating the action of the step S106 until the whole sawtooth side face (3) on one side of the sawtooth (5) is machined;
s108, repeating the action of S102, enabling the focus of the laser beam (131) emitted by the laser galvanometer (13) to fall on the sawtooth side surface (3) on the other side of the sawtooth (5), and repeating the actions of S103 to S107 until the processing of the sawtooth side surface (3) on the other side of the whole sawtooth (5) is completed;
and S109, the PCD saw blade is stirred for a distance of one saw tooth (5), and the actions from S102 to S108 are repeated until the side surfaces (3) of all saw teeth on the PCD saw blade are processed, and then the PCD saw blade is taken down.
3. The method of machining a PCD saw blade using laser grinding as claimed in claim 2, wherein the laser moves from M point to N point on the tooth side surface (3) in S105, the moving speed of the laser with respect to the tooth side surface (3) is 200-1200mm/S, the laser frequency is 30-60KHz, and the pulse width is 350-500ns.
4. The method of machining a PCD saw blade using laser grinding as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
the processing procedure of the sawtooth rear corner surface comprises the following steps:
s201, installing the PCD saw blade into laser processing equipment and fixing the PCD saw blade, wherein the front corner face of saw teeth on the PCD saw blade is opposite to the emission direction of laser;
s202, adjusting the relative position of the laser galvanometer (13) and the PCD saw blade to enable a laser beam (131) emitted by the laser galvanometer (13) to form an included angle b with a rear angle face (2) of the sawtooth to be processed, wherein the included angle b is 5-20 degrees;
s203, according to the processing requirement of the saw tooth back angle, selecting a second scanning pattern (16) of a laser galvanometer (13), projecting the second scanning pattern (16) to a position on a saw tooth front angle surface, which is close to the saw tooth back angle, wherein the shape of the second scanning pattern (16) is the same as that of the saw tooth back angle to be processed, rapidly reciprocating the laser after the galvanometer along the second scanning pattern (16), and moving the laser to one side far away from a saw blade body (11) relative to the PCD saw blade and processing the laser by scanning line by line during scanning until the second scanning pattern (16) is scanned once;
s204, starting a laser, grinding the sawtooth rear angle surface (2) through a laser beam (131) emitted by a laser galvanometer (13), directly scanning a rear angle shape by the laser galvanometer (13) along a second scanning pattern (16), and synchronously adjusting the relative position of the laser beam (131) and the sawtooth rear angle surface (2) while rapidly reciprocating along the second scanning pattern (16) so that the laser beam (131) emitted by the laser galvanometer (13) finishes grinding the sawtooth rear angle surface (2) from top to bottom at one time relative to the sawtooth rear angle surface (2);
s205, the PCD saw blade is shifted by a distance of one saw tooth (5), the actions from S202 to S204 are repeated until the machining of all the saw tooth rear corner faces (2) on the PCD saw blade is completed, and finally the PCD saw blade is taken down.
5. The method of machining a PCD saw blade using laser grinding as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step S204, the moving speed of the laser beam (131) with respect to the tooth flank (2) is 200-1200mm/S, the laser frequency is 30-60KHz, and the pulse width is 350-500ns.
6. The method of machining a PCD saw blade using laser grinding as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
the saw tooth finishing process comprises the following steps:
s301, reversely installing the PCD saw blade into laser processing equipment and fixing the PCD saw blade, wherein the direction of a sawtooth front corner surface (1) on the PCD saw blade close to the laser is the same as the emission direction of the laser;
s302, adjusting the swing angle of the laser galvanometer (13) to enable the included angle a between the laser beam (131) and the side face of the sawtooth at the sawtooth cutting edge (4) to be processed to be 5-20 degrees;
s303, selecting a third scanning pattern (17) of the laser galvanometer, wherein the middle position of the third scanning pattern (17) is in contact with a to-be-processed sawtooth cutting edge (4) of the sawtooth; when scanning, the laser can rapidly reciprocate line by line along the third scanning pattern (17), and meanwhile, the laser can scan the area where the whole third scanning pattern (17) is located;
s304, during processing, the relative position of the laser beam (131) and the cutting edge (4) of the sawtooth to be processed is adjusted in real time, so that the laser beam (131) emitted by the laser galvanometer (13) is processed from one side of the sawtooth (5) to the cutting edge in the rear angle direction from the end point of the cutting edge close to one end of the saw blade body (1) until the laser beam (131) completely passes through the cutting edge at the rear angle surface (2) of the sawtooth;
s305, adjusting the relative position of the laser beam (131) and the cutting edge (4) of the sawtooth to be processed again, synchronously adjusting the swing angle of the laser galvanometer (13), and meeting the requirement of S302, so that the laser beam (131) emitted by the laser galvanometer (13) is processed towards the cutting edge of the rear angle direction again from the other side of the sawtooth (5) and the end point of the cutting edge close to one end of the saw blade body (1) until the laser beam (131) passes through the cutting edge of the rear angle surface (2) of the sawtooth;
s306, the PCD saw blade is shifted by the laser processing equipment for a distance of one saw tooth (5), the actions from S302 to S305 are repeated until the finish machining of all saw tooth cutting edges (4) on the PCD saw blade is completed, and finally the PCD saw blade is taken down.
7. The method of machining a PCD saw blade using laser grinding as claimed in claim 6, wherein, before S303, a field lens of the laser galvanometer (13) is adjusted to have a focal point of the laser beam (131) on an extension line of a swing axis of the laser galvanometer (13).
8. The method of machining a PCD saw blade using laser grinding as claimed in claim 6, wherein in S304 and S305, the speed of the laser beam (131) passing through the cutting edge (4) of the saw tooth to be machined is 200-1200mm/S, the laser frequency is 80-200KHz, and the pulse width is 30-150ns.
9. The method of machining a PCD saw blade using laser grinding as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the step of machining the back corner faces of the saw teeth and the step of machining the side faces of the saw teeth are performed simultaneously.
10. The method of machining a PCD saw blade using laser grinding as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the step of machining the back corner face of the saw tooth and the step of machining the side face of the saw tooth are not performed in a sequential order.
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| CN202211415810.4A CN115647478B (en) | 2022-11-11 | 2022-11-11 | Method for machining PCD saw blade by using laser grinding |
| PCT/CN2023/140939 WO2024099469A1 (en) | 2022-11-11 | 2023-12-22 | Method for machining pcd saw blade by using laser grinding |
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| CN202211415810.4A CN115647478B (en) | 2022-11-11 | 2022-11-11 | Method for machining PCD saw blade by using laser grinding |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116038154A (en) * | 2023-02-27 | 2023-05-02 | 临沂友诚制锯技术服务有限公司 | Multifunctional laser processing equipment |
| WO2024099469A1 (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2024-05-16 | 临沂友诚制锯技术服务有限公司 | Method for machining pcd saw blade by using laser grinding |
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Also Published As
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| CN115647478B (en) | 2023-04-18 |
| WO2024099469A1 (en) | 2024-05-16 |
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