CN112091433A - Laser edge grinding device and process of miniature PCD (Poly Crystal Diamond) turning cutter - Google Patents
Laser edge grinding device and process of miniature PCD (Poly Crystal Diamond) turning cutter Download PDFInfo
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- CN112091433A CN112091433A CN202010711943.0A CN202010711943A CN112091433A CN 112091433 A CN112091433 A CN 112091433A CN 202010711943 A CN202010711943 A CN 202010711943A CN 112091433 A CN112091433 A CN 112091433A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser sharpening device and a process of a miniature PCD (polycrystalline Diamond) turning cutter. The laser adopts ultraviolet nanosecond laser, and a specially designed custom shaft is adopted for clamping and positioning the cutter; the micro PCD turning tool is arranged on the dividing device through the customized shaft, a special laser sharpening path and process parameters are designed through a computer, a scanning galvanometer is matched to sharpen each tooth of the turning tool in sequence, and the sharpening condition is observed on line in real time through a CCD. Compared with the traditional mechanical sharpening process, the process has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, simple process and high automation and controllability, and can sharpen the PCD (polycrystalline Diamond) serrated knife with a sharp cutting edge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser processing, and particularly relates to a laser edge grinding device and process of a miniature PCD (polycrystalline Diamond) turning cutter.
Background
With the rapid development of the fields of aerospace, military, 3C, molds, electronics and the like, higher requirements are put forward on the surface quality, shape precision, stability, reliability and the like of parts, various difficult-to-machine materials such as high-temperature structural ceramics, high-temperature alloys, titanium alloys, composite materials and the like are continuously emerging, the requirement of the modern manufacturing industry on high-speed cutting machining is increased day by day, and the traditional cutting tool cannot meet the higher and higher cutting requirement. The advent of superhard cutters has largely solved the above difficulties, with polycrystalline diamond (PCD) cutters being used in a very wide range of applications. The PCD material has extremely high hardness, good wear resistance, high strength, good heat conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient, can sharpen an extremely sharp cutting edge, has wide processing range, is particularly suitable for cutting non-ferrous metal materials and non-metallic materials which are difficult to process, can be manually manufactured in large batch, has low cost, and is an extremely outstanding and irreplaceable superhard cutter material.
The gear is used as a basic mechanical element for transmitting power and movement, and the quality, the service life and the precision of the gear are directly related to the performance of the whole equipment, so the processing of the high-precision gear is very important. The gear turning method can continuously cut, has high efficiency and processing precision, and receives more and more attention in recent years, so the method has great significance and application prospect on the manufacturing research of PCD (Poly Crystal Diamond) gear turning cutters.
The manufacture of the PCD cutter mainly comprises sintering, cutting, welding and sharpening of the PCD blank. Wherein the sharpening process directly affects the sharpness and cutting accuracy of the cutting edge of the tool. The characteristics of high hardness, high strength, high wear resistance, chemical stability and the like of the diamond cause the sharpening of the diamond to be extremely difficult. At present, the PCD cutter is sharpened mainly by a diamond grinding wheel sharpening process, but the process method has extremely low efficiency and large grinding wheel abrasion loss, and when cutters with complex tracks, such as involute tooth profiles and the like, are sharpened, especially miniature cutters with complex tracks, the diamond grinding wheel sharpening process is difficult to implement and cannot meet the quality requirements of the cutters.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a laser sharpening device and a laser sharpening process for a micro PCD (polycrystalline Diamond) turning cutter, aiming at solving the problems in sharpening the PCD turning cutter in the prior art.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a laser sharpening device for a micro PCD (polycrystalline Diamond) turning cutter comprises a laser light path, a scanning galvanometer, a CCD (charge coupled device), a clamping nut, the micro PCD turning cutter, a customization shaft, an indexing table and a three-shaft numerical control translation table; wherein, the dividing table sets up at triaxial numerical control translation platform (8), and the one end of customization axle is connected on the dividing table, and miniature PCD serrated knife suit is at the other end of customization axle to press from both sides tightly through clamping nut, laser process laser light path's processing and propagation penetrate into the scanning mirror that shakes, scans mirror control laser that shakes afterwards and carries out the sharpening to miniature PCD serrated knife, uses CCD to carry out real-time on-line observation to the sharpening process in one side simultaneously.
The invention has the further improvement that the laser path comprises a laser, a beam expander, a quarter wave plate, an aperture diaphragm and a plurality of reflectors, the laser output by the laser is ultraviolet nanosecond laser, the wavelength is 355nm, the pulse width is 11ns, the repetition frequency is 40-150kHz, and the power is less than 12W; the laser output by the laser firstly reduces the divergence angle of the light beam through the beam expander, and the focal depth is improved; secondly, the laser is converted into circularly polarized laser through a quarter-wave plate, so that the energy distribution of light spots is more uniform; then, laser filters out diffraction apertures of light spots through the small-hole diaphragm, and the quality of the light spots is improved; finally, the processed laser changes the propagation direction through a plurality of reflectors and is emitted into a scanning galvanometer for processing; the laser light path obtains laser spots with excellent quality, thereby ensuring the fine sharpening of the cutter.
The invention has the further improvement that one end of the customization shaft is a shaft neck with external threads for matching with the indexing table, the other end of the customization shaft is provided with a section of optical axis with the length smaller than the thickness of the cutter for matching with a central hole of the micro PCD turning cutter, the micro PCD turning cutter is positioned through a shaft shoulder, and then an external threaded shaft for clamping is outwards arranged, the major diameter of the threads of the external threaded shaft is smaller than the central hole of the cutter, so that the micro PCD turning cutter is convenient to mount and dismount.
The invention has the further improvement that the indexing table is a high-precision electric control rotating table driven by a stepping motor, the speed is controllable, the angle is arbitrary, and the rotating precision is 0.0005 degrees; the center is threaded hole for with the customization axle cooperation, guarantee the coaxial rotation of miniature PCD turning tooth sword.
A laser sharpening process of a miniature PCD (polycrystalline Diamond) turning cutter is characterized in that the laser sharpening device is adopted, and comprises the following steps:
s1: installing and fixing the indexing table at the center of the three-axis numerical control translation table;
s2: installing a customization shaft at the center of the indexing table;
s3: positioning a PCD (Poly Crystal Diamond) gear cutter at one end of the custom shaft, and clamping the PCD gear cutter through a clamping nut;
s4: controlling the numerical control platform to move to the central position of the galvanometer in an X-Y plane;
s5: accurately positioning the laser indicator lamp again and moving the focus to the vicinity of the cutting edge;
s6: designing a laser sharpening path through a computer, and setting corresponding laser process parameters;
s7: the indexing device is used for indexing, each tooth is subjected to sharpening treatment in sequence, and meanwhile, the CCD is used for observing the sharpening condition in real time and adjusting the cutter and technological parameters.
A further improvement of the present invention is that step S5 ensures that the laser is focused on one side of the cutting edge when the cutting tool is precisely positioned, thereby enabling tangential irradiation of the cutting edge.
The invention is further improved in that the laser sharpening path designed in the step S6 is 100 involute tooth profile contour lines with the line spacing of 1 μm, and the path is transversely deviated from the cutter profile by 50 μm so as to prevent the cutting edge from being excessively etched; meanwhile, the laser scanning speed is set to be 600mm/s, and the number of single scanning times is set to be 20; when the PCD cutter with different blade grinding is sharpened, the involute tooth profile contour line is changed into a corresponding cutter contour line.
The invention further improves that when the cutter is sharpened in the step S7, the laser focus is fed downwards for a plurality of times in the Z-axis direction, and the cutter is sharpened by adopting a cutter sharpening path and parameters after each feed.
The invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the laser edge grinding device for the miniature PCD (polycrystalline Diamond) turning cutter, provided by the invention, the PCD turning cutter is subjected to edge grinding by adopting ultraviolet nanosecond laser, the ultraviolet nanosecond laser can etch PCD materials through photochemical action, and the processing precision is high; the cutter grinding device and the process method have the advantages of high automation degree and efficiency, can easily grind cutters with various complex tracks, obtain high cutting edge precision and sharp cutting edge, and show the advantages which are difficult to compare with the traditional processing method.
The laser sharpening process of the miniature PCD serrated knife provided by the invention uses laser as a novel processing method, has extremely high peak power, accurate damage threshold, small heat affected zone, high processing precision and wide processing range, belongs to non-contact processing, can realize processing of various complex tracks by matching the laser with a control vibrating mirror, has high automation degree and high processing efficiency, and provides a new processing idea for high-quality processing of diamond tools.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a laser sharpening device for a micro PCD serrated knife;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a laser path;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a custom shaft;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a laser sharpening path planning;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the cutting edge results after sharpening an example PCD serrated knife;
figure 6 is a graph of the overall results after sharpening of an example PCD serrated knife.
Description of reference numerals:
1-laser light path; 2-scanning a galvanometer; 3-CCD; 4-clamping the nut; 5-a micro PCD serrated knife; 6-customizing the shaft; 7-an indexing table; 8-a three-axis numerical control translation stage; 101-a laser; 102-a beam expander; 103-quarter wave plate; 104-small aperture diaphragm; 105-mirror.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the laser sharpening apparatus, process and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the laser sharpening device for the micro PCD serrated knife provided by the invention comprises a laser light path 1, a scanning galvanometer 2, a CCD3, a clamping nut 4, a micro PCD serrated knife 5, a customization shaft 6, an indexing table 7 and a three-shaft numerical control translation table 8. During machining, the indexing table 7 is arranged on the three-axis numerical control translation table 8, one end of the customizing shaft 6 is connected to the indexing table 7, the micro PCD turning cutter 5 is sleeved at the other end of the customizing shaft 6 and clamped through the clamping nut 4, laser is processed and spread through the laser light path 1 and is shot into the scanning galvanometer 2, then the scanning galvanometer 2 controls the laser to carry out cutter grinding on the micro PCD turning cutter 5, and meanwhile, the CCD3 is used on one side to carry out real-time online observation on the machining process;
as shown in fig. 2, the laser path 1 includes a laser 101, a beam expander 102, a quarter wave plate 103, an aperture stop 104, and several mirrors 105; wherein the laser output by the laser 101 is ultraviolet nanosecond laser with the wavelength of 355nm, the pulse width of 11ns, the repetition frequency of 40-150kHz and the power of less than 12W; laser emitted by the laser 101 is firstly used for reducing the divergence angle of a light beam through the beam expander 102, and the focal depth is improved; secondly, the laser is converted into circularly polarized laser through a quarter-wave plate 103, so that the energy distribution of light spots is more uniform; then, laser filters out diffraction apertures of light spots through the small-hole diaphragm 104, and the quality of the light spots is improved; finally, the laser beam changes its propagation direction by passing through the mirror 105 and enters the scanning galvanometer 2. During processing, laser can obtain laser spots with excellent quality through the laser light path 1, and the laser spots are used for fine sharpening of the PCD serrated knife.
The custom shaft 6 is used for positioning and clamping the PCD lathe tooth cutter. As shown in figure 3, the right end of the shaft is provided with a shaft neck with external threads for matching with an indexing table, the left end of the shaft is provided with a section of optical axis with a length slightly smaller than the thickness of the cutter for matching with a central hole of the cutter, the cutter can be positioned through a shaft shoulder, then, the shaft neck is outwards provided with a section of external threaded shaft for clamping, the major diameter of the thread of the shaft is slightly smaller than the central hole of the cutter, and the cutter is convenient to mount and dismount.
The indexing table 7 in the attached figure 1 is a high-precision electric control rotating table driven by a stepping motor, the speed is controllable, the angle is arbitrary, and the rotating precision is 0.0005 degrees; the center of the rotary table is provided with a threaded hole which is matched with the customized shaft, so that the cutter is ensured to rotate coaxially.
The tool sharpened in this example was a miniature PCD serrated knife with a thickness of 2mm, a 20mm tip diameter, 19 teeth, and a 6mm center hole diameter. By adopting the laser sharpening device, the specific laser sharpening process comprises the following steps:
s1: the indexing table 7 is fixedly arranged at the center of the three-axis numerical control translation table 8;
s2: inserting the customization shaft 6 into a central threaded hole of the indexing table 7 and screwing;
s3: matching a central hole of the PCD (Poly Crystal Diamond) gear-turning cutter with an optical axis section of the custom shaft 6, axially positioning through a shaft shoulder, clamping through a nut 4, measuring by using a level meter, and adjusting the cutter to keep horizontal;
s4: the numerical control platform 8 is controlled by the computer to move in the X-Y plane to be right below the central position of the galvanometer 2;
s5: turning on the laser indicator light, accurately positioning again according to the laser indicator light, and moving the focus to the vicinity of the cutting edge;
s6: designing a laser sharpening path through a computer, and setting corresponding laser process parameters;
s7: the teeth are sequentially sharpened by the indexing device 7, and simultaneously, the sharpening condition is observed in real time by the CCD3 and the cutter and the technological parameters are adjusted.
After the cutter is accurately positioned in the step S5, laser is guaranteed to be focused on one side of the cutting edge, so that the cutting edge can be tangentially radiated, and laser focus spots are strictly prohibited from directly acting on the cutting edge.
The laser sharpening path designed in step S6 is shown in fig. 4, and is a 100 involute tooth profile with a line spacing of 1 μm and is set to be laterally offset from the tool profile by 50 μm to prevent over-etching of the cutting edge. Meanwhile, the laser scanning speed is set to be 600mm/s, and the number of single scanning times is set to be 20. Step S7 is to sharpen the cutter, the laser is repeatedly scanned 20 times along the 100 involute tooth profile at a speed of 600mm/S, then the laser focus is fed 400um downward (-Z direction), the above sharpening trajectory is repeated again, and the sharpening is repeated 3 times in this way, to obtain a high quality PCD serrated cutter with a sharp cutting edge. The blade profile after sharpening is shown in figure 5 and the PCD serrated knife after integral sharpening is shown in figure 6.
The PCD serrated knife is sharpened by adopting the ultraviolet nanosecond laser, the PCD material can be etched by the ultraviolet nanosecond laser through photochemical action, and the processing precision is high; the blade grinding device and the process method obtained by the invention have high automation degree and efficiency, the obtained cutting edge has high precision and sharp cutting edge, the blade grinding device and the process method are not only suitable for blade grinding of a micro PCD (polycrystalline Diamond) turning cutter, but also suitable for blade grinding of other rotary cutters, and the process can realize blade grinding processing of cutters with various complex profiles by changing the blade grinding path curve in the process, thereby overcoming the defects that the traditional blade grinding process cannot grind complex cutters, the blade grinding efficiency is low, the loss of diamond blade grinding wheels is large, and the like.
The above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are illustrative, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent substitutions, modifications and improvements which come within the spirit and scope of the principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A laser sharpening device of a micro PCD (polycrystalline Diamond) turning cutter is characterized by comprising a laser light path (1), a scanning galvanometer (2), a CCD (3), a clamping nut (4), the micro PCD turning cutter (5), a customizing shaft (6), an indexing table (7) and a three-shaft numerical control translation table (8); wherein, dividing table (7) set up at triaxial numerical control translation platform (8), the one end of customization axle (6) is connected on dividing table (7), the other end at customization axle (6) is adorned in miniature PCD serrated knife (5) suit, and press from both sides tightly through clamping nut (4), laser passes through the processing and the propagation of laser light path (1), penetrate into scanning galvanometer (2), scanning galvanometer (2) control laser carries out the sharpening to miniature PCD serrated knife (5) afterwards, use CCD (3) to carry out real-time on-line observation to the sword process of grinding in one side simultaneously.
2. The laser sharpening device of the micro PCD serrated knife according to claim 1, wherein the laser path (1) comprises a laser (101), a beam expander (102), a quarter-wave plate (103), an aperture diaphragm (104) and a plurality of reflectors (105), the laser output by the laser (101) is ultraviolet nanosecond laser with the wavelength of 355nm, the pulse width of 11ns, the repetition frequency of 40-150kHz and the power of less than 12W; laser output by a laser (101) firstly passes through a beam expander (102) to reduce the divergence angle of a light beam and improve the focal depth; secondly, the laser is converted into circularly polarized laser through a quarter-wave plate (103), so that the energy distribution of light spots is more uniform; then, laser filters out diffraction apertures of light spots through the small-hole diaphragm (104), and the quality of the light spots is improved; finally, the processed laser changes the propagation direction through a plurality of reflectors (105) and is emitted into a scanning galvanometer (2) for processing; laser spots with excellent quality are obtained through the laser light path (1), so that fine sharpening of the cutter is guaranteed.
3. The laser sharpening device of a miniature PCD serrated knife according to claim 1, characterized in that one end of the customized shaft (6) is a shaft neck with external threads for matching with the indexing table (7), the other end of the customized shaft is provided with a section of optical axis with the length smaller than the thickness of the knife for matching with a central hole of the miniature PCD serrated knife (5), the miniature PCD serrated knife (5) is positioned through a shaft shoulder, and an external threaded shaft for clamping is arranged outwards, the thread diameter of the external threaded shaft is smaller than the central hole of the knife, so that the miniature PCD serrated knife (5) can be conveniently installed and detached.
4. The laser sharpening device of the micro PCD serrated knife according to claim 1, wherein the indexing table (7) is a high-precision electric control rotating table driven by a stepping motor, the speed is controllable, the angle is arbitrary, and the rotating precision is 0.0005 degrees; (7) the center is provided with a threaded hole which is used for being matched with the customized shaft (6) to ensure that the micro PCD lathe-tooth cutter (5) rotates coaxially.
5. A laser sharpening process of a micro PCD serrated knife, characterized in that the laser sharpening device of any one of claims 1 to 4 is adopted, and the laser sharpening process comprises the following steps:
s1: installing and fixing the indexing table at the center of the three-axis numerical control translation table;
s2: installing a customization shaft at the center of the indexing table;
s3: positioning a PCD (Poly Crystal Diamond) gear cutter at one end of the custom shaft and clamping the PCD gear cutter through a clamping nut (4);
s4: controlling the numerical control platform to move to the central position of the galvanometer in an X-Y plane;
s5: accurately positioning the laser indicator lamp again and moving the focus to the vicinity of the cutting edge;
s6: designing a laser sharpening path through a computer, and setting corresponding laser process parameters;
s7: the indexing device is used for indexing, each tooth is subjected to sharpening treatment in sequence, and meanwhile, the CCD is used for observing the sharpening condition in real time and adjusting the cutter and technological parameters.
6. The laser sharpening process of the micro PCD serrated knife according to claim 5, wherein the step S5 ensures that the laser is focused on one side of the cutting edge when the knife is accurately positioned, so that the cutting edge can be tangentially radiated.
7. The laser sharpening process of the micro PCD serrated knife according to claim 5, wherein the laser sharpening path designed in step S6 is 100 involute tooth profile contour lines with a line spacing of 1 μm, and is set to be laterally shifted by 50 μm from the tool profile to prevent over-etching of the cutting edge; meanwhile, the laser scanning speed is set to be 600mm/s, and the number of single scanning times is set to be 20; when the PCD cutter with different blade grinding is sharpened, the involute tooth profile contour line is changed into a corresponding cutter contour line.
8. The laser sharpening process of the micro PCD serrated knife according to claim 5, wherein when the step S7 sharpens the knife, the laser focus is fed downwards in the Z-axis direction for several times, and after each feeding, the knife is sharpened by using a sharpening path and parameters.
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| CN202010711943.0A CN112091433A (en) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | Laser edge grinding device and process of miniature PCD (Poly Crystal Diamond) turning cutter |
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| CN202010711943.0A CN112091433A (en) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | Laser edge grinding device and process of miniature PCD (Poly Crystal Diamond) turning cutter |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115647478A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-01-31 | 临沂友诚制锯技术服务有限公司 | Method for machining PCD saw blade by using laser grinding |
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| CN201471182U (en) * | 2009-08-17 | 2010-05-19 | 陈焕春 | Hole enlarging cutter capable of positioning |
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| CN115647478A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-01-31 | 临沂友诚制锯技术服务有限公司 | Method for machining PCD saw blade by using laser grinding |
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