CN115643920B - Mongolian oak grafting technical method - Google Patents
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- 241001480055 Quercus mongolica Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 241000219492 Quercus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000593922 Quercus acutissima Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quercetin Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2O)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 5
- ZVOLCUVKHLEPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quercetagetin Natural products C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1C1=C(O)C(=O)C2=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C2O1 ZVOLCUVKHLEPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- MWDZOUNAPSSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaempferol Natural products OC1=C(C(=O)c2cc(O)cc(O)c2O1)c3ccc(O)cc3 MWDZOUNAPSSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960001285 quercetin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000005875 quercetin Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000219428 Fagaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101710138460 Leaf protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for grafting Quercus mongolica, and relates to the technical field of forest grafting. The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) screening scion stock strains; (2) selecting and processing scions; (3) selecting and managing the stock; (4) grafting method. The invention fills the blank of grafting between oak plant species; the operation method is simple and has strong feasibility, and the obtained nursery stock grows robustly and has strong ornamental value; the invention can be popularized and applied in North China plain, and the propaganda of the oak plant is enlarged; the grafting survival rate of the invention is high and can reach more than 50%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tree grafting, in particular to a method for grafting Quercus mongolica.
Background
Protection, utilization and innovation of rural tree species are key to forestry development, and hot spot plants studied in the northern China are tree species of oak genus in Fagaceae. The oak genus in China has rich resources, is widely distributed in each province, has about 51 species, is a main constituent tree species of deciduous broadleaf forests in northern areas, and plays an important role in land ecosystems. The method belongs to the field of high-quality materials Lin Shuchong for both the inner Mongolian oak and the oak, the Mongolian oak is a national second-class precious tree species, the Mongolian oak is often grown at an altitude of more than 800m in North China, the root system is developed, drought, barren and cold resistant, the germination updating capability is strong, the ecological effects of water and soil conservation, air purification, greening environment and the like are strong, and the method is an important tree species for building ecological protection forests; meanwhile, the edible fungi and the medicinal materials are important industrial and agricultural production raw materials such as edible fungi, medicinal materials and starch, and have higher economic value. The trunk of the oak is straight, the leaves are wide, the tree pose is beautiful, and the color of the oak is rich and beautiful; the material is hard and wear-resistant, and can be used as wood pits, floors and the like; the leaf protein can be fed to tussah; the seeds contain starch and can be used as feed; has higher ornamental and economic values. The large-area popularization and application of the quercus of Mongolian, the quercus of the soil tree species can improve the ecological environment, enrich the urban landscape, relieve the contradiction between wood supply and demand in China and bring considerable economic benefit to forest farmers.
However, in the production practice process, most of the quercus mongolica is mainly sowed and propagated, although the quercus mongolica is easy to germinate, the filial generation Miao Yifa is inherited and differentiated, the excellent properties are difficult to maintain, the seedlings grow slowly and are influenced by factors such as cultivation conditions, climate, altitude and the like, the yellowing, dryness and stripping phenomena of leaves are easy to occur in the plain region of North China in the young stage, and the popularization and application of the quercus mongolica in the plain region are severely restricted. The Quercus acutissima grows well in plain areas, leaves are not greatly influenced by the environment, the leaves in autumn are bright and colorful, and the ornamental effect is excellent. Therefore, the problems of poor growth, weak growth and the like in the plain areas of the Mongolian oaks are particularly important to solve, and the ornamental application type new variety of the Mongolian oaks is urgent, and the cultivated Mongolian oaks are developed in root system, strong in adaptability and bright in leaf color. Under the background of the current forestry development, the ecological characteristics of the tree species of the rural areas such as the quercus acutissima and the quercus acutissima are fully known, the tree species characteristics of the quercus acutissima and the quercus acutissima are reasonably utilized, the advantages and the characteristics of the quercus acutissima are ingeniously combined, and the cultivation of new species of the quercus acutissima which is suitable for growing in plain areas and has strong adaptability, strong growth, high ornamental value and stable inheritance is widely focused.
The current asexual propagation technology can lead the excellent characters of the parent strain to be inherited stably, avoid the problem of genetic differentiation of offspring, and is a basic mode for satisfying the stable inheritance of the excellent characters. Distant grafting refers to grafting of plants with distant relationships among species, genus and families. The Mongolian oak and the oak belong to the same genus and non-same plant, the advantages of species are exerted, the advantages are raised, the oak grows well in plain areas, the tree crowns are luxuriant, the bright and beautiful leaf color is combined with the characteristics of developed root systems and strong updating capability of the Mongolian oak, the remote grafting technology is used for grafting the scions of the oak on the Mongolian oak stock, and novel Mongolian oak varieties with strong adaptability and high ornamental value are cultivated.
Therefore, the method for successfully grafting the quercus mongolica by exploring the quercus by excavating and utilizing the tree species resources of the rural areas has important significance for cultivating new species of the quercus mongolica which are suitable for the growth and popularization of plain areas, and is an important measure for promoting the construction of high-quality artificial forests and comprehensively promoting the development of forestry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for grafting Quercus mongolica.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The grafting method of the quercus mongolica specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Screening of scion stock plants: selecting healthy and strong oak tree without plant diseases and insect pests and with bright and colorful leaf color in autumn as a scion stock plant;
(2) Selecting and processing scions: selecting spring grafting or autumn grafting;
Grafting in spring: before sap flows in spring, selecting branches with full axillary buds, no plant diseases and insect pests on leaves and strong growth as scions on scion stock plants; every 30 ear pieces are bundled after being collected, the lower part of the ear pieces is sealed with a 1cm part by wax after being bundled, so that water loss is avoided, and the ear pieces are stored in a refrigeration house or a cellar for sand storage treatment; is used for grafting after flowing sap in middle ten days to last ten days of 4 months in spring;
Grafting in autumn: selecting current annual branches which grow robustly and have no plant diseases and insect pests from scion stock plants as scions, and shearing the top ends of the scions to serve as scions; the grafting method is used for grafting before sap stops flowing in the late autumn 8 months-the early autumn 9 months;
(3) Selection and management of stocks: selecting a Quercus mongolica seedling with proper thickness, developed root system and strong growth for 3-4 years; stock cleaning is carried out before grafting;
(4) The grafting method comprises the following steps: selecting skin grafting or bud grafting;
Inserting the skin and connecting: cutting the scion of the Quercus acutissima into two inclined planes with the large inclined plane length of 3.5-4.5cm and the small inclined plane length of 0.5-1cm by using a grafting knife, wherein the cut surface is required to be flat and smooth; selecting a smooth part at 30-50cm of a main branch or a side branch of Quercus mongolica, cutting off the main branch or the side branch, requiring smooth and stubble-free sections, scraping phloem downwards from the fracture by a knife, and gently peeling off a small opening; and inserting the cut scion with a large inclined surface towards the position of the stock stripping opening, and then tightly wrapping the junction between the stock and the scion from bottom to top by using a plastic strip.
Further, screening of the scion stock in the step (1) is combined with morphological observation and physiological detection methods.
Further, grafting in the spring in the step (2), and selecting annual branches with diameters larger than 1cm as scions; before grafting in spring, firstly cutting off the basal part and the wax sealing part at the top end of the scion, only keeping the part with uniform size of the middle axillary buds, cutting off the scion into scions with the length of 8-12cm, and keeping 1-2 axillary buds on each scion;
furthermore, the scions grafted in autumn are strong in growth, free of plant diseases and insect pests, full in axillary buds, more than 10 in quantity, greater than 80cm in length and greater than 0.8cm in diameter.
Furthermore, the terminal bud grafting is preferable in autumn grafting.
Further, the lateral branches of the stock with the diameter of 2-3cm are selected as grafting branches, the stock is cleaned 7-10 days before grafting, dense squeezing and pest branches are removed, and tree forms are made, so that the tree bodies are ventilated and light-transmitting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The operation method of the invention is simple and has high feasibility, and the skin-inserting connection mode is selected.
The invention selects the scion top bud grafting to improve the survival rate to more than 50 percent; the advantages of grafting over budding are three: firstly, the skin grafting scion is generally provided with 2-3 axillary buds or full terminal buds, and the bud grafting scion is generally provided with only one axillary bud. Therefore, compared with bud grafting, the bud grafting has a larger germination probability; secondly, the skin-inserted scion is longer and contains more nutrient substances and water, and the bud-grafted scion is shorter and contains less nutrient substances and water. Therefore, compared with bud grafting, the bud grafting has sufficient nutrient and water supplied to the bud body by the bark grafting, and the germination probability of the bark grafting is higher; thirdly, the grafting scion with the skin inserted is provided with two cutting surfaces, the large cutting surface is 3.5-4.5cm long, the small cutting surface is 0.5-1cm long, and the bud grafting is provided with only one cutting surface, and the length is 2.5-3.5cm. Therefore, compared with bud grafting, the grafting method has the advantages that the contact area of cambium of the grafting scion and the cambium of the stock is large, more calluses are produced, and the scion is more beneficial to healing, survival and growth. In conclusion, the survival rate of the grafting is higher than that of the bud grafting, and the growth amount is larger.
The autumn grafting of the invention adopts the grafting mode of grafting while picking, thereby saving the grafting cost; specifically, grafting is carried out in the period from the last ten days of 8 months to the last ten days of 9 months, and the scions are terminal buds on the current annual branches, so that the grafting survival rate is remarkably improved, and the gap of the prior art is filled;
The beneficial effect of the invention for grafting in spring has two points. Firstly, tree body advantage. The air temperature gradually rises in spring, stock sap flows, the root gradually absorbs water and simultaneously nutrients begin to be transported to the upper part of the ground, and grafting is beneficial to scion survival. Secondly, environmental advantages. The grafting is difficult to occur in the northern area with drought and little rain in spring, and the grafting interface is infected by rainwater, so that the grafting effect is good.
The invention can screen the scion stock strain with stable hereditary excellent characters. The selected spike strips are thick and strong, contain rich nutrients, have high bud plump activity and are beneficial to survival; the selected stock branches are thicker, can provide sufficient nutrient substances for scions, and can avoid nutrient consumption by pruning useless branches.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The grafting method of the quercus mongolica specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Screening of scion stock plants: in the real-life quercetin, selecting a colorful quercetin tree with strong growth, no plant diseases and insect pests and bright leaf color in autumn as a scion stock plant by combining a morphological observation and physiological detection method;
(2) Selecting and processing scions: selecting spring grafting;
Before sap flows in spring, selecting branches with full axillary buds, no plant diseases and insect pests on leaves and strong growth as scions on scion stock plants; every 30 ear pieces are bundled after being collected, the lower part of the ear pieces is sealed with a 1cm part by wax after being bundled, so that water loss is avoided, and the ear pieces are stored in a refrigeration house or a cellar for sand storage treatment; is used for grafting after flowing sap in middle ten days to last ten days of 4 months in spring; the spring grafting is carried out, and annual branches with diameters larger than 1cm are selected as scions;
Selecting the branches of the Quercus acutissima with full axillary buds, no plant diseases and insect pests and diameter roughness reaching more than 1cm as scions; before grafting in spring, firstly cutting off the basal part and the wax sealing part at the top end of the scion, only keeping the part with uniform size of the middle axillary buds, cutting off the scion into scions with the length of 8-12cm, and keeping 1-2 axillary buds on each scion;
(3) Selection and management of stocks: selecting a Quercus mongolica seedling with proper thickness, developed root system and strong growth for 3-4 years; selecting a lateral branch of a stock with the diameter of 2-3cm as a grafting branch, cleaning the stock 7-10 days before grafting, thinning out and squeezing the pest branches, and making a tree shape to enable the tree body to be ventilated and transparent.
(4) The grafting method comprises the following steps: selecting skin insertion connection;
Inserting the skin and connecting: cutting the scion of the Quercus acutissima into two inclined planes with the large inclined plane length of 3.5-4.5cm and the small inclined plane length of 0.5-1cm by using a grafting knife, wherein the cut surface is required to be flat and smooth; selecting a smooth part at 30-50cm of a main branch or a side branch of Quercus mongolica, cutting off the main branch or the side branch, requiring smooth and stubble-free sections, scraping phloem downwards from the fracture by a knife, and gently peeling off a small opening; inserting the cut scion with a large inclined surface towards the peeling opening of the stock (note that the stock and the scion need to form layers to be aligned), and then tightly wrapping the scion with a plastic strip from bottom to top at the joint of the stock and the scion;
Example 2
The grafting method of the quercus mongolica specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Screening of scion stock plants: in the real-life quercetin, selecting a colorful quercetin tree with strong growth, no plant diseases and insect pests and bright leaf color in autumn as a scion stock plant by combining a morphological observation and physiological detection method;
(2) Selecting and processing scions: selecting autumn grafting;
selecting current annual branches which grow robustly and have no plant diseases and insect pests from scion stock plants as scions, and shearing the top ends of the scions to serve as scions; grafting before sap stops flowing in mid-late 8 months of autumn;
The scions grafted in autumn are strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests, full in axillary buds, and more than 10 in axillary buds, the length of the branches is more than 80cm, and the diameter coarseness of the branches is more than 0.8 cm.
(3) Selection and management of stocks: selecting a Quercus mongolica seedling with proper thickness, developed root system and strong growth for 3-4 years; selecting a lateral branch of a stock with the diameter of 2-3cm as a grafting branch, cleaning the stock 7-10 days before grafting, thinning out and squeezing the pest branches, and making a tree shape to enable the tree body to be ventilated and transparent.
(4) The grafting method comprises the following steps: selecting skin insertion connection;
Inserting the skin and connecting: cutting the scion of the Quercus acutissima into two inclined planes with the large inclined plane length of 3.5-4.5cm and the small inclined plane length of 0.5-1cm by using a grafting knife, wherein the cut surface is required to be flat and smooth; selecting a smooth part at 30-50cm of a main branch or a side branch of Quercus mongolica, cutting off the main branch or the side branch, requiring smooth and stubble-free sections, scraping phloem downwards from the fracture by a knife, and gently peeling off a small opening; inserting the cut scion with a large inclined surface towards the position of the stock stripping opening, and then tightly wrapping the junction between the stock and the scion from bottom to top by using a plastic strip;
Example 3
Step (1) is the same as in example 2;
step (2) selection and treatment of scions: selecting autumn grafting;
Selecting a terminal bud scion and grafting in middle and late october, wherein the terminal bud scion is obtained by selecting branches with plump terminal buds in the current year on a Quercus acutissima L as scions; the remainder is the same as in example 2;
Steps (3) - (4) are the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 1
The grafting method comprises the following steps: selecting bud grafting;
Bud grafting: selecting full and robust buds on scions of the Quercus acutissima, chamfering a cutter at a position 0.5cm below the buds until the depth reaches xylem, chamfering a cutter at a position 1.5-2cm above a bud body, connecting with the last cutter, and taking off the bud body; selecting proper parts on the stock, and scribing a notch matched with the bud; putting the buds into the incisions, aligning the forming layers, tightly binding the forming layers by using plastic strips, sleeving the scions and the stock with a fresh-keeping bag, and preventing water loss;
The remaining steps were the same as in example 1.
The key factors of the grafting results of the example 1 and the comparative example 1 are summarized as two indexes of grafting healing condition and survival rate, and the two indexes of the example 1 and the comparative example 1 are respectively compared as follows, and the results are shown in table 1:
table 1: example 1 grafting healing cases and comparative example 1 survival comparison
Comparative example 2
The grafting method comprises the following steps: selecting bud grafting;
Bud grafting: selecting full and robust buds on scions of the Quercus acutissima, chamfering a cutter at a position 0.5cm below the buds until the depth reaches xylem, chamfering a cutter at a position 1.5-2cm above a bud body, connecting with the last cutter, and taking off the bud body; selecting proper parts on the stock, and scribing a notch matched with the bud; putting the buds into the incisions, aligning the forming layers, tightly binding the forming layers by using plastic strips, sleeving the scions and the stock with a fresh-keeping bag, and preventing water loss;
The remaining steps were the same as in example 2.
The key factors of the grafting results of the example 2 and the comparative example 2 are summarized into two indexes of survival rate and winter conditions, the two indexes of the example 2 and the comparative example 2 are respectively compared as follows, and the results are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 grafting healing cases and survival rates comparison of example 2 and comparative example 2
Comparative example 3
Selecting scions and axillary buds in the process of selecting the scions in the step (2);
the remainder was the same as in example 3.
The key factors of the grafting results of the example 3 and the comparative example 3 are summarized as two indexes of survival rate and shoot growth condition, and the two indexes of the example 3 and the comparative example 3 are respectively compared as follows, and the results are shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3 grafting healing cases and survival rates comparison of example 3 and comparative example 3
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. The grafting method of the quercus mongolica is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Screening of scion stock plants: selecting healthy and strong oak tree without plant diseases and insect pests and with bright and colorful leaf color in autumn as a scion stock plant;
(2) Selecting and processing scions: selecting spring grafting or autumn grafting;
Grafting in spring: before sap flows in spring, selecting branches with full axillary buds, no plant diseases and insect pests on leaves and strong growth as scions on scion stock plants; every 30 ear pieces are bundled after being collected, the lower part of the ear pieces is sealed with a 1cm part by wax after being bundled, so that water loss is avoided, and the ear pieces are stored in a refrigeration house or a cellar for sand storage treatment; is used for grafting after flowing sap in middle ten days to last ten days of 4 months in spring;
Grafting in autumn: selecting current annual branches which grow robustly and have no plant diseases and insect pests from scion stock plants as scions, and shearing the top ends of the scions to serve as scions; the grafting method is used for grafting before sap stops flowing in the late autumn 8 months-the early autumn 9 months;
(3) Selection and management of stocks: selecting a Quercus mongolica seedling with proper thickness, developed root system and strong growth for 3-4 years; stock cleaning is carried out before grafting;
(4) The grafting method comprises the following steps: selecting skin insertion connection;
Inserting the skin and connecting: cutting the scion of the Quercus acutissima into two inclined planes with the large inclined plane length of 3.5-4.5cm and the small inclined plane length of 0.5-1cm by using a grafting knife, wherein the cut surface is required to be flat and smooth; selecting a smooth part at 30-50cm of a main branch or a side branch of Quercus mongolica, cutting off the main branch or the side branch, requiring smooth and stubble-free sections, scraping phloem downwards from the fracture by a knife, and gently peeling off a small opening; and inserting the cut scion with a large inclined surface towards the position of the stock stripping opening, and then tightly wrapping the junction between the stock and the scion from bottom to top by using a plastic strip.
2. The grafting method of Quercus mongolica according to claim 1, wherein screening of the scion stock in the step (1) is combined with morphological observation and physiological detection methods.
3. The method for grafting Quercus mongolica according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), annual branches with diameters larger than 1cm are selected as scions; before grafting in spring, firstly cutting off the base part and the wax sealing part at the top end of the scion, only keeping the part with uniform size of the middle axillary buds, cutting off the scion into scions with the length of 8-12cm, and keeping 1-2 axillary buds on each scion.
4. The grafting method of Quercus mongolica according to claim 1, wherein the scions grafted in the autumn in the step (2) are strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests, full in axillary buds and terminal buds, the number of the axillary buds is more than 10, the length of branches is more than 80cm, and the diameter of the branches is more than 0.8 cm.
5. The method for grafting Quercus mongolica according to claim 4, wherein the grafting in autumn is preferably top bud grafting.
6. The method for grafting Quercus mongolica according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the lateral branches of the stock reaches 2-3cm to be used as grafting branches, stock cleaning is carried out 7-10 days before grafting, dense squeezing and pest branches are dredged, tree forms are made, and the tree bodies are ventilated and light-transmitting.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20070112311A (en) * | 2006-05-20 | 2007-11-23 | 성옥 오 | The plant grafting avocado and oak family method for cultivating avocado |
| CN105594464A (en) * | 2016-02-13 | 2016-05-25 | 余启佳 | Grafting method of oak trees |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20070112311A (en) * | 2006-05-20 | 2007-11-23 | 성옥 오 | The plant grafting avocado and oak family method for cultivating avocado |
| CN105594464A (en) * | 2016-02-13 | 2016-05-25 | 余启佳 | Grafting method of oak trees |
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