CN115642378B - Coaxial Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on outer waveguide wall - Google Patents
Coaxial Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on outer waveguide wall Download PDFInfo
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- CN115642378B CN115642378B CN202211222497.2A CN202211222497A CN115642378B CN 115642378 B CN115642378 B CN 115642378B CN 202211222497 A CN202211222497 A CN 202211222497A CN 115642378 B CN115642378 B CN 115642378B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coaxial Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on an outer waveguide wall, which comprises an outer waveguide, a coil sleeved on the outer waveguide, an inner conductor, and a cathode, a cut-off neck, a slow wave structure, an extraction structure and a collector which are sequentially arranged from front to back, wherein the collector comprises a conical collection section, one end of the conical collection section with smaller diameter is in butt joint with the extraction structure, the conical collection sections of the cathode, the cut-off neck, the slow wave structure, the extraction structure and the collector are arranged on the inner side of the outer waveguide, and the inner conductor is arranged on the inner sides of the slow wave structure, the extraction structure and the collector. The invention has the advantages of being beneficial to reducing the length of a uniform region of a magnetic field, reducing the volume of the magnetic field, being more convenient for engineering application, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-power microwave devices, in particular to a coaxial Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on an outer waveguide wall.
Background
In the field of high-power microwavesThe coaxial Cerenkov high-power microwave oscillator is one high-power high-efficiency microwave generating device, and the device mainly includes exciting system, diode, cut-off neck, slow wave structure and other parts. The excitation system provides a guide magnetic field for the electron beam emitted by the diode, and is generally electrified to generate a magnetic field after being wound by an inductance coil, and the excitation system is arranged at the outer side of the anode; the diode cathode emits electron beam and is connected with the pulse power system at the front end. The anode comprises a cut-off neck, a slow wave structure, a collector and the like, and the anode part is generally connected into a coaxial outer conductor except that the coaxial collector is connected with the outer waveguide by adopting a supporting rod. To improve the beam wave conversion efficiency, the electron beam is guided onto the inner conductor collector after being transmitted inside. When the device is used in a low frequency band, the device has the characteristics of small radial size, low required magnetic field and the like. The typical device structure is an L-band frequency-adjustable coaxial relativity back wave oscillator developed by the national defense university of science and technology, kudzuvine et al in 2010 (kudzuvine et al, "L-band frequency-adjustable coaxial relativity back wave oscillator". National defense university of science and technology treatises, 2010, hunan Changsha). Under the constraint of a magnetic field generated by a coil, an electron beam generated by a diode cathode propagates forwards along the axial direction of an inner conductor, a cut-off neck and a middle cavity of a slow wave structure, a beam wave action occurs in the cavity of the slow wave structure, the generated microwave is output through coaxial support, and the electron beam after the action is collected by a coaxial inner conductor collector. The structure generates 2.78GW power, 1.6GHz frequency and mode TM in a simulation way under the conditions of 700kV diode voltage and 11.2kA current 01 The power efficiency is about 35.4%. In practical experiments, under the conditions of 713kV diode voltage and 11.4kA diode current, the frequency is 1.58GHz, the power is 1.07GW, the efficiency is 13.2 percent, and the main mode TM is obtained 01 Microwave output of the die. The electron beam collector is arranged on the coaxial inner conductor, so that great restrictions exist in engineering application, and the electron beam collector mainly comprises 3 aspects: (1) In order to ensure that the electron beam can effectively bombard the coaxial inner conductor, a longer magnetic field in a uniform area is required, so that the magnetic field volume is larger; (2) The expansion of the cationic plasma generated when the electron beam bombards the collector causes a pulse shortening, which is unfavorable for long-pulse and long-time operation;(3) The collector is located on the inner conductor and the collector cooling circuit design is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the coaxial Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator which is favorable for reducing the length of a magnetic field uniform region, reducing the magnetic field volume and facilitating engineering application and is based on the collection of electrons by an outer waveguide wall.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a coaxial Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator based on outer waveguide wall collection electron, includes that excircle waveguide, cover locate coil, inner conductor on the excircle waveguide and cathode, stop neck, slow wave structure, extraction structure and the collector that set gradually from front to back, the collector includes the toper and collects the section, the less one end of toper collection section diameter with extraction structure dock, the cathode stop neck slow wave structure the extraction structure with the toper collection section of collector is located the excircle waveguide is inboard, the inner conductor is located slow wave structure the extraction structure with the inboard of collector.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme: the extraction structure comprises two annular extraction blades, the two extraction blades and the inner conductor form a coaxial double-cavity extraction structure, and the depth of the front side extraction cavity is larger than that of the rear side extraction cavity.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme: the depth of the front side extraction cavity is 1-3 mm greater than that of the rear side extraction cavity.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme: the depth of the extraction cavity is ht, and is more than or equal to 0.14λ and less than or equal to 0.18λ, wherein λ is the wavelength of the free space of the output microwaves.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme: the period of the two extracting blades is Pt, and Pt is more than or equal to 0.1 lambda and less than or equal to 0.15 lambda.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme: the slow wave structure comprises a plurality of slow wave blades which are sequentially arranged from front to back, the inner diameters of the slow wave blades gradually decrease from two ends to the middle, the axial cycle length of the front slow wave blade is greater than that of the rear slow wave blade, and the cavity depth formed by the front slow wave blade is smaller than that formed by the rear slow wave blade.
Preferably, the axial period length of the front side slow wave blade is Pd 1 ，0.4λ≤Pd 1 Less than or equal to 0.46 lambda; the axial period length of the rear side slow wave blade is Pd 2 ，0.33λ≤Pd 2 ≤0.38λ。
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme: the depth of a cavity formed by the slow wave blades is h, and h is more than or equal to 0.2λ and less than or equal to 0.25λ.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme: the diameter of the front end of the inner conductor is smaller than that of the rear end, the front end and the rear end of the inner conductor are connected through a conical transition section, the front end of the conical transition section is positioned at the front end of the last slow wave blade of the slow wave structure, and the rear end is flush with the front end of the extraction structure.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme: the inner conductor rear end is equipped with coaxial support section of thick bamboo, coaxial support section of thick bamboo includes urceolus and the inner tube that coaxial arrangement was arranged, urceolus periphery is equipped with two sets of bracing pieces around, and axial distance between two sets of bracing pieces is 1/4λ, and each set of bracing piece includes many and along circumferencial direction evenly distributed, insert in the inner tube and be equipped with nose cone.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) The coaxial cone-shaped variable extraction structure is composed of an inner conductor, an extraction structure and a conical collector, microwaves are efficiently extracted by pi/2 mode of a coaxial quasi-TEM mode, and the spent electron beam is transmitted along the conical waveguide wall and is absorbed by the collector far away from the beam wave action area, so that the anode plasma generated by the electron bombardment collector is prevented from influencing the subsequent beam wave action. Under the condition of ensuring higher microwave output power and beam wave conversion efficiency, the structure can effectively reduce the length of a magnetic field uniform region, reduce the volume of the magnetic field, realize the function of collecting electrons by the outer waveguide wall under the coaxial slow wave structure, and enable the collector to be cooled and designed like a traditional Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator, so that engineering application is more convenient.
2) The coaxial variable-period variable-cavity deep slow wave structure is designed, the axial period length of the slow wave blade and the depth of the slow wave blade are adjusted, so that the axial period length of the slow wave blade is long, long and short in the front and rear, and the depth of the slow wave blade is shallow and deep in the front, thereby ensuring that the front half section of the effect of an electron beam and a slow wave structure eigenmode is a near pi mode of a quasi-TEM mode, enhancing the speed modulation of the electron beam, enabling the rear half section to work in a forward wave region of the quasi-TEM mode, enhancing the bunching state of the electron beam and improving the beam wave conversion efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of electric field vector distribution of a dual-cavity cone-change extraction structure in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a simulation structure of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings denote: 1. an outer circular waveguide; 2. a cut-off neck; 3. a slow wave structure; 4. extracting a structure; 5. a collector; 6. a coaxial support cylinder; 7. nose cone; 8. an inner conductor; 9. a cathode; 10. a magnetic field coil former.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples of the specification.
Fig. 1 to 4 show an embodiment of a coaxial Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on an outer waveguide wall of the present invention, which mainly comprises an outer circular waveguide 1, a cut-off neck 2, a slow wave structure 3, an extraction structure 4, a collector 5, a coaxial support cylinder 6, a nose cone head 7, an inner conductor 8, a cathode 9, etc.
In this embodiment, the slow wave structure 3 is formed by mutually jogging five slow wave structure blades in a tight fit manner, the diameters of the slow wave blades gradually decrease from the front end and the rear end to the middle part, the extraction structure 4 is formed by mutually jogging two annular extraction blades in a tight fit manner, the cut-off neck 2, the slow wave structure 3, the extraction structure 4 and the collector 5 are sequentially jogged with each other in the axial direction to form an axisymmetric structure as a whole, and then the cut-off neck 2 and the collector 5 are tightly fixed by fixing screws through fixing screw holes on the cut-off neck 2 and the collector 5, and the outer side of the collector 5 is fixedly connected with the outer circular waveguide 1 through flange connection. The cut-off neck 2 mainly plays a role in preventing leakage of microwaves in the direction of the diode. Five slow wave blades adopt a non-uniform periodic structure, the axial period length Pd is long before and short after, the period of the front two blades is preferably 0.4lambda-0.46 lambda (lambda is the free space wavelength of the output microwave), and the period of the rear 3 blades is preferably 0.33lambda-0.38lambda. The depth of the cavity formed by the slow wave blades also adopts a variable-depth structure, the front part is shallow and the rear part is deep, and the depth h is preferably 0.2lambda-0.25lambda. The variable period variable cavity depth structure is adopted, so that the electron beam interacts with the fundamental mode of the slow wave structure region, the beam action of the slow wave structure in the first half section works near pi mode of the coaxial fundamental mode quasi-TEM mode, the speed modulation of the electron beam is enhanced, the slow wave structure in the second half section works in the forward wave region of the coaxial fundamental mode TEM mode, the electron beam density bunching is improved, and the beam action conversion efficiency is further increased. The period Pt of the two circular blades of the extraction structure 4 is preferably 0.13 lambda, the cavity depth ht is preferably 0.16 lambda, the coaxial double-cavity extraction structure is formed by the extraction structure and the inner conductor 8, the cavity depth is in a conical shallow trend, and the front-back phase difference is preferably 2mm. The structure efficiently extracts microwaves in a coaxial quasi-TEM mode pi/2 mode, and simultaneously guides electron beams which deliver energy to the outer cylinder collector. The coaxial supporting cylinder 6 is provided with two coaxial cylinders, the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are supported and fixed by two rows of supporting rods which are uniformly distributed in 6 angular directions, and the axial spacing is 1/4 lambda (lambda is the wavelength of the free space of the output microwave). The nose cone head 7 is inserted into the inner cylinder of the coaxial support cylinder 6, and the inner conductor 8 is connected with the nose cone head 7 through threads, so that the coaxial support cylinder 6 and the nose cone head 7 form a mode conversion structure of the inner conductor 8, and the mode conversion structure can convert coaxial TEM waves generated in a slow wave region into TM01 modes of the hollow waveguide. The tapered structure of the inner conductor 8 and its position relative to the extraction structure have a great influence on the working efficiency of the device. Preferably, the cone change starting line is positioned at the front end of the last slow wave blade of the slow wave structure, and the cone change ending line is flush with the front end of the first extraction blade of the extraction structure. The outer cylinder of the mode conversion structure (namely the outer cylinder of the coaxial supporting cylinder 6) is inserted into the straight waveguide at the right end of the collector 5, the cathode 9 is fixed on the diode and then extends into the outer circular waveguide 1, so that the mode conversion system and the cathode 9 form an integral coaxial Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator. The magnetic field coil skeleton 10 is coaxially sleeved on the outer circular waveguide 1 to provide support for a coil (not shown in the figure), and the wound coil provides a restraining magnetic field for an electron beam.
After a proper voltage pulse is loaded on the cathode 9, an electron beam is emitted by the explosion of the cathode head, under the constraint of a magnetic field generated by a magnetic field coil, the electron beam linearly enters the action region 3 of the slow wave structure and interacts with an intrinsic mode electromagnetic field of the slow wave region, the electron beam is subjected to speed modulation, microwave energy is gradually amplified, the electron beam subjected to speed modulation is converted into density modulation at the extraction structure 4 to form a clustered state, high-energy electrons and a microwave field generate further beam wave conversion, a small part of microwaves are reflected to strengthen the oscillation of the action region of the slow wave structure, most of microwaves are extracted efficiently, and the acted electron beam is guided onto the excircle waveguide collector 5 by the magnetic field to be consumed in a mode of converting into heat. The generated high-power microwaves are converted into TM01 mode by a TEM mode conversion system and then are directly output through an antenna or are converted into other mode output.
The main innovation points of the invention are as follows:
1) The coaxial double-cavity cone-shaped variable extraction structure is composed of an inner conductor, a rectangular cone-shaped variable double-cavity structure and a conical collector, microwaves are efficiently extracted by pi/2 mode of a coaxial quasi-TEM mode, and an applied disabled electron beam is transmitted along the conical waveguide wall and is absorbed by the collector far away from a beam wave action area, so that the anode plasma generated by the electron bombardment collector is prevented from influencing the subsequent beam wave action. Under the condition of ensuring higher microwave output power and beam wave conversion efficiency, the structure can effectively reduce the length of a magnetic field uniform region and realize the function of collecting electrons by the outer waveguide wall under the coaxial slow wave structure.
2) The coaxial variable-period variable-cavity deep slow wave structure is designed, the period length of the slow wave blade and the depth of the slow wave blade are adjusted, so that the axial period length of the slow wave blade is long before and short after, the depth of the slow wave blade is shallow before and deep after, the front half section of the effect of the electron beam and the slow wave structure eigenmode is a near pi mode of a quasi-TEM mode, the speed modulation of the electron beam is enhanced, the rear half section works in a forward wave area of the quasi-TEM mode, the bunching state of the electron beam is enhanced, and the beam wave conversion efficiency is improved.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the ring cathode is loaded with proper input voltage, the ring cathode explodes to emit electrons, the electrons are linearly transmitted into the action area of the slow wave structure under the constraint of the guiding magnetic field, the electron beam interacts with the intrinsic electromagnetic mode in the slow wave structure in the transmission process to generate high-power microwaves, and the electrons after the action are beaten onto the outer waveguide collector to be absorbed under the guidance of the magnetic field. Particle simulation shows that the device obtains 2.5GW power, 2.4GHz frequency and TM mode under the conditions of 600kV diode voltage, 10kA current and 0.9T guiding magnetic field 01 The high power microwave output of the mode has a beam conversion efficiency of about 42%. In practical experiments, under the conditions of 640kV diode voltage, 11kA diode current and 0.9T guiding magnetic field, 2.5GW power, 2.4GHz frequency and TM mode are obtained 01 The microwave output of the mode has a power efficiency greater than 35%.
While the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limiting. Many possible variations and modifications of the disclosed technology can be made by anyone skilled in the art, or equivalent embodiments with equivalent variations can be made, without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a coaxial Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator based on outer waveguide wall collection electron which characterized in that: including excircle waveguide (1), cover locate coil, inner conductor (8) on excircle waveguide (1) to and from preceding negative pole (9) that sets gradually backward, stop neck (2), slow wave structure (3), extraction structure (4) and collector (5), collector (5) are including the toper collection section, the less one end of toper collection section diameter with extraction structure (4) butt joint, negative pole (9) stop neck (2) slow wave structure (3) extraction structure (4) with the toper collection section of collector (5) is located outside waveguide (1) is inboard, inner conductor (8) are located slow wave structure (3) extraction structure (4) with the inboard of collector (5), extraction structure (4) include two annular extraction blade with the depth that the coaxial type double-chamber of cavity was extracted to inner conductor (8) constitution, the front side extracted the degree of depth of cavity is greater than the rear side and extracts the degree of depth of cavity.
2. The coaxial Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on an outer waveguide wall according to claim 1, wherein: the depth of the front side extraction cavity is 1-3 mm greater than that of the rear side extraction cavity.
3. The coaxial Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on an outer waveguide wall according to claim 1, wherein: the depth of the two extracting cavities is ht, and is more than or equal to 0.14λ and less than or equal to 0.18λ, wherein λ is the wavelength of the free space of the output microwaves.
4. A coaxial Cerenkov high-power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on an outer waveguide wall as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the period of the two extracting blades is Pt, and Pt is more than or equal to 0.1 lambda and less than or equal to 0.15 lambda.
5. The coaxial Cerenkov type high power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on an outer waveguide wall according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the slow wave structure (3) comprises a plurality of slow wave blades which are sequentially arranged from front to back, the inner diameters of the slow wave blades gradually decrease from two ends to the middle, the axial period length of the front slow wave blade is greater than that of the rear slow wave blade, and the cavity depth formed by the front slow wave blade is smaller than that formed by the rear slow wave blade.
6. According toThe coaxial Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on an outer waveguide wall as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the slow wave blade comprises two front side slow wave blades and three rear side slow wave blades, and the axial cycle length of the front side slow wave blades is Pd 1 ，0.4λ≤Pd 1 Less than or equal to 0.46 lambda; the axial period length of the rear side slow wave blade is Pd 2 ，0.33λ≤Pd 2 ≤0.38λ。
7. The coaxial Cerenkov high-power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on an outer waveguide wall according to claim 5, wherein: the depth of a cavity formed by the slow wave blades is h, and h is more than or equal to 0.2λ and less than or equal to 0.25λ.
8. The coaxial Cerenkov type high power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on an outer waveguide wall according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the diameter of the front end of the inner conductor (8) is smaller than that of the rear end, the front end and the rear end of the inner conductor are connected through a conical transition section, the front end of the conical transition section is positioned at the front end of the last slow wave blade of the slow wave structure (3), and the rear end is flush with the front end of the extraction structure (4).
9. The coaxial Cerenkov type high power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on an outer waveguide wall according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the inner conductor (8) rear end is equipped with coaxial support section of thick bamboo (6), coaxial support section of thick bamboo (6) are including coaxial urceolus and the inner tube of arranging, the urceolus periphery is equipped with two sets of bracing pieces around, and the axial distance between two sets of bracing pieces is 1/4λ, and each set of bracing piece includes many and along circumferencial direction evenly distributed, insert in the inner tube and be equipped with nose cone head (7).
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| CN103456587B (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2016-01-20 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Across wave band machinery frequency modulation Relativistic backward-wave oscillator |
| CN106253031B (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2018-09-21 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator |
| CN106449337B (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2018-01-12 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | A kind of long pulse Relativistic backward-wave oscillator |
| CN107591604B (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2020-01-21 | 电子科技大学 | Double-electron-beam relativistic backward wave oscillator capable of outputting double-frequency TE11 mode electromagnetic waves |
| CN108807112B (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2020-09-18 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Coaxial double-dielectric interdigital arrangement high-power microwave device |
| CN109192640B (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-07-05 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | X, Ka-waveband-crossing frequency-adjustable relativistic backward wave oscillator |
| CN112751173B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-05-27 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Metamaterial slow-wave structure unit based on Cerenkov radiation mechanism and slow-wave structure |
| CN114883162B (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-01-03 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | L-band high-power long-pulse RBWO based on large-radius annular electron beam |
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