CN115642378A - Coaxial Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on outer waveguide wall - Google Patents
Coaxial Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on outer waveguide wall Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coaxial Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons on the basis of an outer waveguide wall, which comprises an outer waveguide, a coil, an inner conductor, a cathode, a stop neck, a slow-wave structure, an extraction structure and a collector, wherein the coil and the inner conductor are sleeved on the outer waveguide, the cathode, the stop neck, the slow-wave structure, the extraction structure and the collector are sequentially arranged from front to back, the collector comprises a conical collection section, one end with a smaller diameter of the conical collection section is in butt joint with the extraction structure, the cathode, the stop neck, the slow-wave structure, the extraction structure and the conical collection section of the collector are arranged on the inner side of the outer waveguide, and the inner conductor is arranged on the inner sides of the slow-wave structure, the extraction structure and the collector. The invention has the advantages of being beneficial to reducing the length of the uniform region of the magnetic field, reducing the volume of the magnetic field, being more convenient for engineering application and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-power microwave devices, in particular to a coaxial Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on an outer waveguide wall.
Background
In the field of high-power microwaves, a coaxial Cerenkov (cherenkov or cherenkov) type high-power microwave oscillator is a high-power and high-efficiency microwave generating device which mainly comprises an excitation system, a diode, a stop neck, a slow-wave structure and the like. The excitation system provides a guiding magnetic field for electron beams emitted by the diode, the induction coil is generally adopted to be wound and then electrified to generate a magnetic field, and the excitation system is arranged on the outer side of the anode; the cathode of the diode emits electron beams, and is connected with a pulse power system at the front end. The anode comprises a stop neck, a slow wave structure, a collector and the like, and the anode part is generally connected into a coaxial outer conductor except that the coaxial collector is connected with the outer waveguide by adopting a support rod. In order to increase the efficiency of the beam-wave conversion, the electron beam is guided to an inner conductor collector after being transmitted inside. When the device is used in a low frequency band, the device has the characteristics of small radial size, low required magnetic field and the like. A typical device structure is an L-band frequency-tunable coaxial relativistic backward wave oscillator developed in 2010 by the university of defense science and technology, march et al (the "L-band frequency-tunable coaxial relativistic backward wave oscillator". The university of defense science and technology academic paper, 2010, shannan changsha). The electron beam generated by the cathode of the diode being generated in a coilUnder the restraint of a magnetic field, the microwave propagates forwards along the inner conductor, the stop neck and the middle cavity of the slow wave structure in the axial direction, beam wave action occurs in the cavity of the slow wave structure, generated microwaves are output through the coaxial support, and the acted electron beams are collected by the coaxial inner conductor collector. The structure can generate 2.78GW power, 1.6GHz frequency and mode TM in simulation under the conditions that the voltage of a diode is 700kV and the current is 11.2kA 01 The power efficiency of the microwave of (2) is about 35.4%. In practical experiments, under the conditions of diode voltage of 713kV and current of 11.4kA, the frequency of 1.58GHz, the power of 1.07GW, the efficiency of 13.2 percent and the main mode TM are obtained 01 Microwave output of the mode. The electron beam collector with the structure is positioned on the coaxial inner conductor, so that great restriction exists in the aspect of engineering application, and the structure mainly comprises 3 aspects: (1) In order to ensure that the electron beams can effectively bombard the coaxial inner conductor, a longer uniform area magnetic field is needed, so the volume of the magnetic field is larger; (2) When the electron beam bombards the collector, the generated cation plasma expansion can cause pulse shortening, which is not beneficial to long pulse and long-time operation; (3) The collector is positioned on the inner conductor, and the design of a cooling circuit of the collector is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The coaxial Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator is beneficial to reducing the length of a uniform region of a magnetic field, reducing the volume of the magnetic field and facilitating engineering application and collects electrons on the basis of an outer waveguide wall.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a coaxial Cerenkov type high power microwave oscillator based on electron is collected to outer waveguide wall, includes that excircle waveguide, cover locate coil, inner conductor on the excircle waveguide and from the negative pole that sets gradually backward, end neck, slow wave structure, extraction structure and collector, the collector includes the toper and collects the section, the less one end of toper collection section diameter with the extraction structure butt joint, the negative pole end neck the slow wave structure the extraction structure with the toper of collector is collected the section and is located excircle waveguide is inboard, the inner conductor is located the slow wave structure the extraction structure with the inboard of collector.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme: the extraction structure includes two annular extraction blades, two the extraction blade with the inner conductor constitutes coaxial type two-chamber extraction structure, and the degree of depth that the cavity was drawed to the front side is greater than the degree of depth that the cavity was drawed to the rear side.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme: the depth of the front side extraction cavity is larger than that of the rear side extraction cavity by 1-3 mm.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution: the depth of the extraction cavity is ht, ht is more than or equal to 0.14 lambda and less than or equal to 0.18 lambda, wherein lambda is the wavelength of free space of output microwaves.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution: the period of the two extraction blades is Pt, and Pt is more than or equal to 0.1 lambda and less than or equal to 0.15 lambda.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme: slow wave structure includes a plurality of slow wave blades that arrange in proper order backward from the front, the internal diameter of slow wave blade reduces gradually to the middle part from both ends, and the axial cycle length of front side slow wave blade is greater than the axial cycle length of rear side slow wave blade, and the cavity degree of depth that the front side slow wave blade constitutes is less than the cavity degree of depth that the rear side slow wave blade constitutes.
Preferably, the axial cycle length of the front slow-wave blade is Pd 1 ，0.4λ≤Pd 1 Less than or equal to 0.46 lambda; the axial cycle length of the rear slow-wave blade is Pd 2 ，0.33λ≤Pd 2 ≤0.38λ。
As a further improvement of the technical scheme: the depth of a cavity formed by the slow wave blades is h, and h is more than or equal to 0.2 lambda and less than or equal to 0.25 lambda.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme: the diameter of inner conductor front end is less than the diameter of rear end and both ends are connected through a toper changeover portion around and, toper changeover portion front end is located the front end of the last slow wave blade of slow wave structure, the rear end with draw structure front end parallel and level.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme: the coaxial supporting cylinder is arranged at the rear end of the inner conductor and comprises an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder which are coaxially arranged, a front group of supporting rods and a rear group of supporting rods are arranged on the periphery of the outer cylinder, the axial distance between the two groups of supporting rods is 1/4 lambda, the supporting rods of each group comprise a plurality of supporting rods and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and nose cone heads are inserted into the inner cylinder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) A coaxial cone change extraction structure consisting of an inner conductor, an extraction structure and a conical collector is designed, microwaves are efficiently extracted by the structure in a pi/2 mode of a coaxial quasi-TEM mode, the acted disabling electron beams are transmitted along a conical waveguide wall and absorbed by the collector far away from a beam wave action area, and the influence of anode plasma generated by electron bombardment on the collector on subsequent beam wave action is prevented. The structure can effectively reduce the length of a magnetic field uniform area under the condition of ensuring higher microwave output power and beam conversion efficiency, reduce the volume of a magnetic field, realize the function of collecting electrons by the outer waveguide wall under a coaxial slow wave structure, and ensure that a collector can be cooled and designed like a traditional Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator, so that the engineering application is more convenient.
2) The coaxial variable-period cavity-depth slow-wave structure is designed, the axial period length of a slow-wave blade and the depth of the slow-wave blade are adjusted, the axial period length of the slow-wave blade is long and short, the depth of the slow-wave blade is shallow and deep, the effect of an electron beam and an eigenmode of the slow-wave structure is guaranteed, the first half section is a near pi mode of a quasi-TEM mode, the speed modulation of the electron beam is strengthened, the second half section works in a forward wave area of the quasi-TEM mode, the clustering state of the electron beam is strengthened, and the beam wave conversion efficiency is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the electric field vector distribution of the dual-cavity tapered extraction structure of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the simulation structure of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the figures denote: 1. an outer circular waveguide; 2. a cut-off neck; 3. a slow wave structure; 4. extracting the structure; 5. a collector; 6. a coaxial support cylinder; 7. a nose cone head; 8. an inner conductor; 9. a cathode; 10. the magnetic field coil skeleton.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples of the specification.
Fig. 1 to 4 show an embodiment of a coaxial Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on an outer waveguide wall, the invention mainly comprises an outer waveguide 1, a stop neck 2, a slow wave structure 3, an extraction structure 4, a collector 5, a coaxial support cylinder 6, a nose cone 7, an inner conductor 8, a cathode 9 and the like.
In this embodiment, slow wave structure 3 is by five slow wave structure blades gomphosis each other with the tight fit mode, the diameter of slow wave blade reduces gradually to the middle part from front and back both ends, extraction structure 4 is extracted the blade by two ring shapes and is gomphosis each other with the tight fit mode, end neck 2, slow wave structure 3, extraction structure 4 and collector 5 along the axial in proper order each other gomphosis be an axisymmetric structure whole, then it is taut fixed through the fixed screw on ending neck 2 and the collector 5 with fixing screw, the collector 5 outside is connected fixedly with excircle waveguide 1 through flange joint's mode. The cutoff neck 2 mainly functions to prevent the microwave from leaking toward the diode. The five slow wave blades adopt a non-uniform periodic structure, the axial periodic length Pd is long at the front and short at the back, the periods of the two front blades are preferably 0.4 lambda-0.46 lambda (lambda is the wavelength of free space of output microwaves), and the periods of the 3 back blades are preferably 0.33 lambda-0.38 lambda. The depth of the cavity formed by the slow wave blades is also a variable-depth structure, the front part is shallow, the back part is deep, and the depth h is preferably 0.2 lambda-0.25 lambda. By adopting the variable-period variable-cavity deep structure, the electron beam and the basic mode of the slow-wave structural area are interacted, the beam wave action of the slow-wave structure works near the pi mode of the coaxial basic mode standard TEM mode in the first half section, so that the speed modulation of the electron beam is enhanced, the slow-wave structure works in the forward wave area of the coaxial basic mode TEM mode in the second half section, the density cluster of the electron beam is improved, and the beam wave action conversion efficiency is further improved. The period Pt of two circular blades of the extraction structure 4 is preferably 0.13 lambda, the depth ht of the cavity is preferably 0.16 lambda, the extraction structure and the inner conductor 8 form a coaxial double-cavity extraction structure, the depth of the cavity is in a tapered and shallow trend, and the front and back difference is preferably 2mm. The structure can efficiently extract microwaves in a coaxial quasi-TEM mode pi/2 mode, and simultaneously realize that electron beams of the delivered energy are guided to the outer cylinder collecting electrode. The coaxial supporting cylinder 6 is provided with two coaxial cylinders, the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are supported and fixed through two rows of supporting rods which are uniformly distributed in the 6 directions, and the axial distance is 1/4 lambda (lambda is the wavelength of free space of output microwaves). The nose cone head 7 is inserted into the inner cylinder of the coaxial supporting cylinder 6, and the inner conductor 8 is connected with the nose cone head 7 through threads, so that the inner conductor 8, the coaxial supporting cylinder 6 and the nose cone head 7 form a mode conversion structure which can convert coaxial TEM waves generated in a slow wave region into TM01 modes of the hollow waveguide. The tapered structure of the inner conductor 8 and the position of the tapered structure relative to the extraction structure have great influence on the working efficiency of the device. Preferably, the coning starting line is located at the front end of the last slow-wave blade of the slow-wave structure, and the coning ending line is flush with the front end of the first extraction blade of the extraction structure. The outer cylinder of the mode conversion structure (namely the outer cylinder of the coaxial supporting cylinder 6) is inserted into the straight waveguide at the right end of the collector 5, and the cathode 9 is fixed on the diode and then extends into the outer circular waveguide 1, so that the slow wave structure system, the mode conversion system and the cathode 9 form an integral coaxial Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator. The magnetic field coil framework 10 is coaxially sleeved on the outer circular waveguide 1 and provides support for a coil (not shown in the figure), and the coil wound on the outer circular waveguide provides a restraining magnetic field for electron beams.
After a proper voltage pulse is loaded on a cathode 9, an electron beam is emitted by the explosion of a cathode head, the electron beam enters a slow wave structure action area 3 in a straight line under the restraint of a magnetic field generated by a magnetic field coil and interacts with an eigen-mode electromagnetic field of the slow wave area, the electron beam is subjected to velocity modulation, microwave energy is gradually amplified, the electron beam subjected to velocity modulation is converted into density modulation at an extraction structure 4 to form a clustered state, high-energy electrons and a microwave field generate further beam wave conversion, a small part of microwaves are reflected to strengthen the oscillation of the slow wave structure action area, most of microwaves are efficiently extracted, and the acted electron beam is guided to an excircle waveguide collector 5 by the magnetic field to be consumed in a form of converting into heat. The generated high-power microwaves are converted into a TM01 mode by a TEM mode conversion system, and then are directly output through an antenna or converted into other modes for output.
The main innovation points of the invention are as follows:
1) A coaxial double-cavity tapered extraction structure consisting of an inner conductor, a rectangular tapered double-cavity structure and a conical collector is designed, microwaves are efficiently extracted by the coaxial quasi-TEM mode pi/2 mode of the structure, the acted de-energized electron beams are transmitted along the conical waveguide wall and absorbed by the collector far away from a beam wave action area, and the influence of anode plasma generated by electron bombardment on the collector on subsequent beam wave action is prevented. The structure can effectively reduce the length of a uniform magnetic field area under the condition of ensuring higher microwave output power and beam conversion efficiency, and realizes the function of collecting electrons by the outer waveguide wall under the coaxial slow wave structure.
2) The coaxial variable-period variable-cavity-depth slow-wave structure is designed, the period length of a slow-wave blade and the depth of the slow-wave blade are adjusted, so that the axial period length of the slow-wave blade is long before and short after, the depth of the slow-wave blade is shallow before and deep after, the effect of an electron beam and an eigenmode of the slow-wave structure is guaranteed, the first half section is a near pi mode of a quasi-TEM mode, the speed modulation of the electron beam is enhanced, the second half section works in a forward wave area of the quasi-TEM mode, the bunching state of the electron beam is enhanced, and the beam wave conversion efficiency is improved.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
proper input voltage is loaded on the annular cathode, the annular cathode explodes to emit electrons, the electrons are linearly transmitted into an action area of the slow wave structure under the constraint of a guide magnetic field, electron beams interact with an intrinsic electromagnetic mode in the slow wave structure in the transmission process to generate high-power microwaves, and the electrons after the action hit an outer waveguide collector under the guide of the magnetic field to be absorbed. Particle simulation shows that the device obtains 2.5GW power, 2.4GHz frequency and TM mode under the conditions of diode voltage 600kV, current 10kA and guiding magnetic field 0.9T 01 High power microwave output of the mode, and beam conversion efficiency of about 42%. In practical experiments, under the conditions that the diode voltage is 640kV, the current is 11kA, and the guiding magnetic field is 0.9T, the power is obtained to be 2.5GW, the frequency is 2.4GHz, and the mode is TM 01 Microwave output of the mode, power efficiency is more than 35%.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present invention, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the invention, using the teachings disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A coaxial Cerenkov type high-power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on an outer waveguide wall is characterized in that: locate coil, inner conductor (8) on excircle waveguide (1) including excircle waveguide (1), cover and from negative pole (9), cut off neck (2), slow wave structure (3), extraction structure (4) and collector (5) that set gradually forward backward, collector (5) are including the toper section of collecting, the toper collect the less one end of section diameter with extract structure (4) butt joint, negative pole (9) cut off neck (2) slow wave structure (3) extract structure (4) with the toper section of collecting of collector (5) is located excircle waveguide (1) is inboard, inner conductor (8) are located slow wave structure (3) extract structure (4) with the inboard of collector (5).
2. The coaxial Cerenkov-type high power microwave oscillator based on outer waveguide wall collecting electrons of claim 1, wherein: the extraction structure (4) comprises two annular extraction blades, the two extraction blades and the inner conductor (8) form a coaxial double-cavity extraction structure, and the depth of the front extraction cavity is larger than that of the rear extraction cavity.
3. The coaxial Cerenkov-type high power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on an outer waveguide wall as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the depth of the front side extraction cavity is larger than that of the rear side extraction cavity by 1-3 mm.
4. The coaxial Cerenkov-type high power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on an outer waveguide wall as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the depth of the extraction cavity is ht, ht is more than or equal to 0.14 lambda and less than or equal to 0.18 lambda, wherein lambda is the wavelength of free space of output microwaves.
5. The coaxial Cerenkov-type high power microwave oscillator based on outer waveguide wall collecting electrons of claim 4, wherein: the period of the two extraction blades is Pt, and the Pt is more than or equal to 0.1 lambda and less than or equal to 0.15 lambda.
6. The coaxial Cerenkov-type high power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on an outer waveguide wall according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: slow wave structure (3) include a plurality of slow wave blades that arrange in proper order backward from the front, the internal diameter of slow wave blade reduces gradually to the middle part from both ends, and the axial cycle length of the slow wave blade of front side is greater than the axial cycle length of the slow wave blade of rear side, and the cavity degree of depth that the slow wave blade of front side constitutes is less than the cavity degree of depth that the slow wave blade of rear side constitutes.
7. The coaxial Cerenkov-type high power microwave oscillator based on outer waveguide wall collecting electrons of claim 6, wherein: the axial period length of the front slow wave blade is Pd 1 ，0.4λ≤Pd 1 Lambda is less than or equal to 0.46 lambda; the axial period length of the rear slow wave blade is Pd 2 ，0.33λ≤Pd 2 ≤0.38λ。
8. The coaxial Cerenkov-type high power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on an outer waveguide wall as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the depth of a cavity formed by the slow wave blades is h, and h is more than or equal to 0.2 lambda and less than or equal to 0.25 lambda.
9. The coaxial Cerenkov-type high power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on an outer waveguide wall according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the diameter of inner conductor (8) front end is less than the diameter of rear end and the front and back both ends are connected through a toper changeover portion, toper changeover portion front end is located the front end of slow wave structure (3) last slow wave blade, the rear end with draw structure (4) front end parallel and level.
10. A coaxial Cerenkov-type high power microwave oscillator for collecting electrons based on an outer waveguide wall according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: inner conductor (8) rear end is equipped with a coaxial support section of thick bamboo (6), a coaxial support section of thick bamboo (6) are including coaxial urceolus and the inner tube of arranging, urceolus periphery is equipped with two sets of bracing pieces around, and the axial distance between two sets of bracing pieces is 1/4 lambda, and each group's bracing piece includes many and follows circumferencial direction evenly distributed, it has nose cone head (7) to insert in the inner tube.
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Address after: Room 101, Supporting Center of Yuanlongping Agricultural High tech Co., Ltd., No. 11 Yangao Road, Changsha High tech Development Zone, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410205 Applicant after: Changsha Aerospace Huacheng Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: Room 707, Floor 7, Headquarters Building, Changsha Zhongdian Software Park, No. 39, Jianshan Road, Changsha High-tech Development Zone, Changsha, Hunan 410205 Applicant before: Changsha Aerospace Huacheng Technology Co.,Ltd. |
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