CN106253031B - Submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator - Google Patents
Submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the microwave sources of High-Power Microwave technical field, a kind of submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator is provided, including cathode block, cathode, anode outer barrel, cut-off neck, slow-wave structure, tapered transmission line, reflector, output waveguide, solenoidal field, factory's font collector is set after tapered transmission line, there are 2 preposition resonant cavities between cut-off neck and slow-wave structure, it is provided with 1 buncher between the 2nd slow wave blade and the 3rd slow wave blade, 1 postposition resonant cavity is additionally provided between slow-wave structure end and tapered transmission line.The present invention overcomes usual the theory of relativity Cherenkov oscillator to be difficult to take into account output microwave pulsewidth length, power conversion efficiency height, solve the problems, such as that Coaxial extractor structure is also easy to produce plasma and influences working efficiency, realize that the microwave of submicrosecond grade pulsewidth, efficiency more than 35% exports under using less slow wave blade, and the microwave source is compact-sized, is easy to repetitive operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the microwave source device of High-Power Microwave technical field, especially a kind of submicrosecond grade long pulse is efficient
Rate the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator.
Background technology
Currently, High-Power Microwave (be often referred to peak power and be more than the electromagnetic wave of 100MW, frequency between 1~300GHz)
System is promoted in the energy supply of directed energy weapon, satellite and space platform, the transmitting of small-sized deep space probe, orbiter Level Change
System, electronics high energy radio-frequency accelerator, material are processed is used widely with the national defence such as processing and industrial circle.
High-power microwave source is the core devices of High Power Microwave System, and operation is the coherent radiation based on electron beam.
The coherent radiation of electron beam is divided into Cerenkov radiation, transition radiation, bremsstrahlung three classes.Based on Cerenkov radiation mechanism
High-power microwave source is mainly the theory of relativity Cherenkov oscillator and the theory of relativity Cherenkov's amplifier.Based on transition radiation mechanism
High-power microwave source be mainly relativistic klystron oscillator and relativistic klystron amplifier.Based on bremsstrahlung mechanism
High-power microwave source is mainly free-electron laser, virtual cathode etc..
The theory of relativity Cherenkov oscillator has high power, height as a kind of high-power microwave source that development is more mature
The features such as efficiency and suitable repetition rate work, is paid close attention to by numerous scientific research personnel in the world.Improve the theory of relativity Qie Lunke
The single pulse energy and average power level of husband's oscillator are the important goals of High-Power Microwave field development, can usually be passed through
Peak device power, repetition rate and three aspect of pulse width are improved to realize.Correlative study shows single the theory of relativity Qie Lunke
The peak power level of husband's oscillator is difficult to increase substantially, and repetitive operation frequency will meet or exceed kHz levels
It is extremely difficult.Therefore, extending the pulse width of output microwave becomes the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator research direction raising device
The important means of single pulse energy and average power level.
Research long pulse the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator it is representative be the National University of Defense Technology design device
Part【Jun Zhang,Zhen-Xing Jin,Jian-Hua Yang,Hui-Huang Zhong,Ting Shu,Jian-De
Zhang,Bao-Liang Qian,Cheng-Wei Yuan,Zhi-Qiang Li,Yu-Wei Fan,Sheng-Yue Zhou,
and Liu-Rong Xu.Recent Advance in Long-Pulse HPM Sources With Repetitive
Operation in S-, C-, and X-Bands.IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2011,
Vol.39, No.6, pp.1438-1445】(the hereinafter referred to as prior art 1).The structure by cathode block, cathode, anode outer barrel, cut
Only neck, slow-wave structure, tapered transmission line, output waveguide and solenoidal field composition, total is about central axis rotation pair
Claim.In order to describe conveniently, the upper side close to cathode block in the axial direction is hereinafter known as left end, the side far from cathode block
Referred to as right end.Wherein slow-wave structure is made of 5 slow wave blades, and the inner surface of each slow wave blade is trapezium structure, left side 4
A slow wave blade is identical, and the 5th slow wave blade has larger maximum outer radius, the length L of 5 slow wave blades1It is identical.
Output waveguide is that inside radius is R7Circular waveguide, utilize waveguide inner wall collect residual electrons.The device architecture is simple, is conducive to height
Power microwave stablizes output, and device collects residual electrons using the output waveguide of relatively large radius, reduces electric at collection
The density of son, reduces the quantity of the secondary electron generated by electron bombardment output waveguide inner wall, and then weaken plasma
The influence that body generates microwave is advantageously implemented long pulse operation.The experimental results showed that microwave output power reaches 1GW, pulsewidth
100ns, frequency 3.6GHz.But the device power transfer efficiency is relatively low, and only 20%, less than conventional the theory of relativity Cherenkov
30% or so power conversion efficiency of oscillator.The microwave of same power is exported, lower-wattage transfer efficiency requires pulse to drive
Higher electrical power is injected in dynamic source, therefore proposes high requirement to the driving capability in pulsed drive source, is unfavorable for the compact of its structure
Change.Therefore, which can not achieve the high-efficiency operation of long pulse the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator, be unfavorable for realizing high
The miniaturization of power microwave system and densification.
There are many approach for the power conversion efficiency of raising the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator, for example, by using non-homogeneous slow wave knot
Structure, addition resonant cavity, using plasma load etc..【Liu Guozhi, Chen Changhua, Zhang Yulong, Relativistic backward-wave oscillator with coaxial extractor,
Light laser and the particle beams, 2001, Vol.13, No.4, pp.467-470】It is disclosed in (the hereinafter referred to as prior art 2) a kind of same
Axis draws the structure of the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator.Slow-wave structure is made of 9 slow wave blades in the structure, each slow wave leaf
The inner surface of piece is trapezium structure, and 8, left side slow wave blade is identical, and the 9th slow wave blade has larger maximum outer
Radius, the length L of 9 slow wave blades1It is identical.The Relativistic backward-wave oscillator with coaxial extractor further includes a cylindrical Coaxial extractor
Structure, being dug in Coaxial extractor structure left side has annular groove, absorbs residual electrons using groove inner wall.Since the structure is
The connection type of the numerical simulation model tentatively established, Coaxial extractor structure and output waveguide is not handed over.Particle simulation result
It is 2.0GW to obtain output microwave power, and frequency 9.28GHz, efficiency is up to 45%.But in the analog result to the device,
Output power contains flip-flop, thus analog result has large error.Device slow-wave structure uses 9 slow wave blades, causes
Axial length is excessive, is unfavorable for the miniaturization of device.In addition, the quasi- groove inner wall using on the left of Coaxial extractor structure of device absorbs
Residual electrons reduce the secondary electron that electron beam directly bombards the generation of output waveguide inner wall, and then weaken secondary electron to device
The long-pulse output of microwave is realized in the influence of the course of work.But electron beam is easy to make groove inner wall not after bombarding for a long time
Become rusty Steel material heating, and then generation plasma, influences the work of device.Since Coaxial extractor structure is located at the inside of device,
It is not easy to be cooled down using water cycle, therefore is unfavorable for the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator long pulse, repetition rate work.
Therefore, rarely found although people have begun working on high efficiency or long pulse the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator
To ripe and simple and practicable scheme, submicrosecond grade long pulse, high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov oscillation are especially realized simultaneously
The technical solution of device is reported there has been no open.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to：A kind of submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity of present invention offer cuts human relations
Section's husband's oscillator overcomes usual the theory of relativity Cherenkov oscillator to be difficult to take into account output microwave pulsewidth length, power conversion efficiency height,
Solve the problems, such as that Coaxial extractor structure is also easy to produce plasma and influences working efficiency, under using less slow wave blade
Realize that the microwave of submicrosecond grade pulsewidth, efficiency more than 35% exports, and the microwave source is compact-sized, is easy to repetitive operation.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator, including cathode block 301, cathode 302, sun
Pole outer barrel 303, cut-off neck 304, the first preposition resonant cavity 310a, the second preposition resonant cavity 310b, slow-wave structure 305, conical wave
Lead 306, output waveguide 307, solenoidal field 308, buncher 311, postposition resonant cavity 312, factory's font collector 313, reflection
Device 314, total is about central axis rotational symmetry, the inner wire of the external pulse power supply of 301 left end of cathode block, outside anode
The outer conductor of the cylinder external pulse power supply of 303 left ends；
Cathode 302 is a thin-walled cylinder, and wall thickness generally takes 0.1mm-2mm, inside radius R1Equal to electronic beam radius, it is sleeved on
301 right end of cathode block；It is in the form of annular discs to end neck 304, inside radius R2, R2＞ R1, specific size needs excellent according to operation wavelength λ
Change design；First preposition resonant cavity 310a, the second preposition resonant cavity 310b are in the form of annular discs, half in the first preposition resonant cavity 310a
Diameter R2With outer radius R11Meet R11＞ R2, length L5General value is 0.15-0.35 times of operation wavelength λ, the second preposition resonance
Chamber 310b inside radius is equal to the first preposition resonant cavity 310a inside radius R2, outer radius R12, meet R11＞ R12＞ R2, length L6
General value is 0.1-0.3 times of operation wavelength λ；Slow-wave structure 305 is made of 5 slow wave blades, each slow wave blade it is interior
Surface is trapezium structure, and preceding 2 slow wave blades are identical, and rear 3 slow wave blades are identical, rear 3 slow waves blade outer radius R6Than
Preceding 2 slow waves blade outer radius R3Greatly, meet R6＞ R3, the length L of rear 3 slow wave blades8Than preceding 2 slow wave length of blade L1
It is short, meet L8＜ L1, L1General value is 0.4-0.6 times of operation wavelength λ, L8General value is the 0.3 to 0.5 of operation wavelength
Times；It is discoid buncher 311, buncher that 1 shape is provided between the 2nd slow wave blade and the 3rd slow wave blade
311 radius R13More than the maximum outer radius R of 305 slow wave blade of slow-wave structure6, 311 radius R of buncher13For operation wavelength
0.65 to 0.85 times, 311 width L of buncher7It is 0.05 to 0.15 times of operation wavelength；In slow-wave structure 305 and tapered transmission line
It is discoid postposition resonant cavity 312 that 1 shape is provided between 306, and the radius of postposition resonant cavity 312 is equal to slow-wave structure
The maximum outer radius R of 305 slow wave blades6, the width L of postposition resonant cavity 3129The 0.05-0.15 that general value is operation wavelength λ
Times；The left side radius of tapered transmission line 306 is R14, right side radius is R15, R14＜ R15, length L2, L2General value is operating wave
0.9-1.1 times of long λ；Tapered transmission line 306 is followed by factory's font collector 313, and the outer radius of factory's font collector 313 is equal to cone
The right side radius R of shape waveguide 30615, R15Less than the maximum outer radius R of 305 slow wave blade of slow-wave structure6, factory's font collector 313
Width L at upper end closed10Equal to operation wavelength λ, the width L of lower end open-mouth11Value is 0.4 to 0.6 times of operation wavelength,
313 interior step width L of factory's font collector12Value is 0.2 to 0.3 times of operation wavelength；Factory's font collector
313 right side hypotenuse width L13Value is 1.1 to 1.4 times of operation wavelength；Between factory's font collector 313 and output waveguide 307
Reflector 314, the inside radius R of reflector 314 are set18Less than 302 radius R of cathode1, the width L of 314 lower end of reflector14Value
It is 1.1 to 1.4 times of operation wavelength, the width L of 314 right side bevel edge of reflector15Value is 0.75 to 0.95 times of operation wavelength；
Output waveguide 307 is that inside radius is R7Circular waveguide, R7＞ R13。
The cathode block 301, anode outer barrel 303, cut-off neck 304, slow-wave structure 305, tapered transmission line 306, output waveguide
307, factory's font collector 313 and reflector 314 are all made of the metal materials such as stainless steel or oxygen-free copper or titanium or molybdenum and are made, cathode
302 are made of graphite or stainless steel or heat resistant glass cloth-epoxy resin copper coated foil plate, solenoidal field 308 using copper wire or
Aluminum steel coiling forms.
The present invention operation principle be：The relativistic electron beam that cathode generates and the TM determined by slow-wave structure01Pattern
Electromagnetic wave carries out beam wave interaction, generates High-Power Microwave and is radiate via output waveguide.
Compared with prior art, following technique effect can reach using the present invention：
(1) use factory's font collector, main function as follows：
(a) factory's font collector introduces electron beam using lower end open-mouth, is collected using the inner wall at upper end closed remaining
Electron beam.By beam wave interaction, electron beam adds because losing the reduction of energy (giving microwave field) speed and collects polar radius
It is larger, therefore dissipated when residual electrons arrival collector inner wall, the electron density of bombardment collector inner wall is substantially reduced.Cause
This, can weaken the influence to output microwave pulsewidth because of the secondary electron that beam bombardment inner wall generates, and suppressor pulse shortens existing
As being advantageously implemented long pulse；
(b) by adjusting factory's font collector upper end, the width of lower end and the width of step, thus it is possible to vary high power is micro-
The discontinuity of wave source end adjusts phase, enhances the interaction between electron beam and electromagnetic wave.As it can be seen that adjusting from Fig. 5~7
Factory's font collector upper end, the width of lower end and the width of step are saved, it can peak of the halved tie wave effect generation with optimal effectiveness
Value.
(2) use 1 buncher, main function as follows：
(a) the buncher surface after optimizing has stronger axial electric field, can interact with electron beam, electricity
Beamlet energy gives microwave field, improves power conversion efficiency.As it can be seen that adjusting buncher width and outer radius, energy from Fig. 8~9
The effect of halved tie wave generates the peak value with optimal effectiveness.
(b) it when electron beam transmits in buncher, converts the velocity modulation that electron beam obtains in device initial segment to
Density modulation and form clustering, in device rear part, effective interaction will occur for the Shu Yubo with preferable cybotactic state, therefore
Power conversion efficiency can be improved.From figure 10, it is seen that in device rear part, electron beam has preferable cybotactic state.
(3) 1 postposition resonant cavity is used to increase reflection, main function is as follows：
(a) when the good electron beam of clustering is close to postposition chamber, the potential energy of electron beam reduces rapidly, and electron beam kinetic energy increases rapidly
Greatly, i.e., accelerated, it means that electron beam further can give microwave field energy, be conducive to improve power conversion efficiency；
(b) the postposition resonant cavity after optimizing is conducive to improve the quality factor of cavity, can improve Shu Bo at a resonant condition
Functioning efficiency can realize efficient microwave excitation in the case where slow wave blade number is less, it is ensured that realize miniaturization and efficiently
Rate.
(4) use 2 preposition resonant cavities, main function as follows：
It (a), can opposite diode using 2 preposition resonant cavities after optimized compared with only 1 preposition resonant cavity
The reflectance factor of the microwave of area direction transmission is 1, you can realizes total reflection；
(b) compared with only 1 preposition resonant cavity, using 2 preposition cavity resonator structures, diameter of the electron beam apart from resonant cavity
It can not only be avoided that electron beam scraped or bombards preposition resonant cavity, but also penetrating for housing surface can be weakened with bigger to apart from optimized
Frequency field intensity, thus can effectively weaken due to being radially expanded for cathode plasma and caused by microwave pulsewidth shorten, favorably
In realization long pulse microwave output.From Figure 11~13 as it can be seen that using 1 preposition resonant cavity, housing surface most high field is 1.4MV/
Cm, scraped by electron beam after experiment, on the right side of preposition resonant cavity it is apparent with the trace of rf arcing, at this time microwave pulsewidth 150ns~
160ns or so；From Figure 14~16 as it can be seen that using 2 preposition resonant cavities, housing surface most high field is reduced to 0.9MV/cm, experiment
Afterwards, cut-off right side of neck scrapes the trace unobvious with rf arcing by electron beam, at this time microwave pulsewidth 200ns~210ns or so.
Therefore, the radial distance for increasing electron beam range cutoff neck using 2 preposition reflection cavities avoids electron beam from scraping or bombard,
Weaken device internal radio frequency field again, is conducive to the output of long pulse microwave.
(c) more sufficient premodulated can be carried out to electron beam, is conducive to subsequent beam wave interaction, improves device
Power conversion efficiency.Compared with using multiple (3 or more) preposition resonant cavities, inherently shaken using what 2 preposition resonant cavities were brought
It is less to swing pattern, it is not easy to generate mode competition, and be conducive to the miniaturization of device.
(5) reflector is used, the width of width and inclined-plane by adjusting reflector lower end, thus it is possible to vary High-Power Microwave
The discontinuity of source end adjusts phase, enhances the interaction between electron beam and electromagnetic wave.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator disclosed in the prior art 1 in background introduction；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator disclosed in the prior art 2 in background introduction；
Fig. 3 is submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator preferred embodiment provided by the invention
A-A schematic cross-sectional views；
Fig. 4 is submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator preferred embodiment provided by the invention
A-A section view stereoscopic schematic diagrams；
Fig. 5 is submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator preferred embodiment provided by the invention
The width L of factory's font collector upper end10To exporting the influence result schematic diagram of microwave efficiency；
Fig. 6 is submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator preferred embodiment provided by the invention
The width L of factory's font collector lower end11To exporting the influence result schematic diagram of microwave efficiency；
Fig. 7 is submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator preferred embodiment provided by the invention
The width L of factory's font collector step12To exporting the influence result schematic diagram of microwave efficiency；
Fig. 8 is submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator preferred embodiment provided by the invention
The width L of buncher7To exporting the influence result schematic diagram of microwave efficiency；
Fig. 9 is submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator preferred embodiment provided by the invention
The radius R of buncher13To exporting the influence result schematic diagram of microwave efficiency；
Figure 10 is submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator preferred embodiment provided by the invention
Emulation in electron beam modulation condition figure；
Figure 11 is that provided by the invention and submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator is preferably implemented
The distribution of device internal electric field in the emulation for 1 preposition resonant cavity of use that example is compared；
Figure 12 is that provided by the invention and submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator is preferably implemented
Photo after the preposition resonant cavity experiment of use 1 that example is compared；
Figure 13 is that provided by the invention and submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator is preferably implemented
The preposition resonant cavity experimental waveform of use 1 that example is compared；
Figure 14 is submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator preferred embodiment provided by the invention
2 preposition resonant cavities of use emulation in field distribution in device；
Figure 15 is submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator preferred embodiment provided by the invention
The preposition resonant cavity experiment of use 2 after photo；
Figure 16 is submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator preferred embodiment provided by the invention
The preposition resonant cavity experimental waveform of use 2.
Specific implementation mode
The attached drawing constituted part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
Example and its explanation are applied for explaining the present invention, is not constituted improper limitations of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram for the long pulse the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator announced in the prior art 1.The structure by
Cathode block 101, cathode 102, anode outer barrel 103, cut-off neck 104, slow-wave structure 105, tapered transmission line 106, output waveguide 107,
Solenoidal field 108 forms, and total is about central axis rotational symmetry.Wherein slow-wave structure 5 is by 5 slow wave blade groups
At the inner surface of each slow wave blade is trapezium structure, and 4, left side slow wave blade is identical, and maximum outer radius is R3, most
Small inside radius is R4；5th slow wave blade maximum outer radius is R3, minimum inside radius is R5, mean radius R6, meet R3＞ R6
＞ R5＞ R4, the length L of 5 slow wave blades1It is identical.Output waveguide 107 is that inside radius is R7Circular waveguide, utilize waveguide inner wall
Collect residual electrons.The program is simple in structure, and the Long-pulse high power microwave that pulsewidth is 100ns is realized in experiment and is exported, this
There is important reference for developing long pulse the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator.But the device power transfer efficiency is relatively low,
Only 20%, it is less than 30% power conversion efficiency of usual the theory of relativity Cherenkov oscillator, it is opposite can not achieve long pulse
By the high-efficiency operation of Cherenkov's oscillator, it is unfavorable for miniaturization and the densification of High Power Microwave System, influences its application
The expansion of range.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram for the high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator announced in the prior art 2.Although the opinion
Text discloses the composition of the structure, but the numerical simulation model that the structure is only tentatively established, without specific technical solution.The knot
Structure is by cathode block 201, cathode 202, anode outer barrel 203, cut-off neck 204, slow-wave structure 205, tapered transmission line 206, output waveguide
207, solenoidal field 208, Coaxial extractor structure 209 form, and total is about central axis rotational symmetry.Wherein slow wave knot
Structure 205 is made of 9 slow wave blades, and the inner surface of each slow wave blade is trapezium structure, 8, the left side complete phase of slow wave blade
Together, maximum outer radius is R3, minimum inside radius is R4；9th slow wave blade maximum outer radius is R3, minimum inside radius is R5, put down
Equal radius is R6, meet R3＞ R6＞ R5＞ R4.The length L of 9 slow wave blades1It is identical.Output waveguide is that inside radius is R7Circle
Waveguide.Coaxial extractor structure 9 is that outer radius is R8Cylinder, 209 left side of Coaxial extractor structure dig have annular groove, annular
The inside radius R of groove9With outer radius R10Meet R10＞ R1＞ R9, absorb residual electrons using groove inner wall.Only due to the structure
It is the numerical simulation model tentatively established, the connection type of Coaxial extractor structure 209 and output waveguide 207 is not handed over.It utilizes
The program establishes simulation model, and it is 2.0GW to obtain output microwave power by simulation, and frequency 9.28GHz, efficiency is up to 45%
(30% power conversion efficiency for being higher than usual the theory of relativity Cherenkov oscillator), this cuts human relations for developing high efficiency the theory of relativity
Section's husband's oscillator has important reference.But in the analog result of the device, output power contains flip-flop, thus
Analog result has large error.Device uses 9 slow-wave structures 205, causes axial length excessive, is unfavorable for the small-sized of device
Change.In addition, device is intended absorbing residual electrons using the groove inner wall in 209 left side of Coaxial extractor structure, reduces electron beam and directly bang
The secondary electron of 207 inner wall of output waveguide generation is hit, and then weakens influence of the secondary electron to device operation, realizes microwave
Long-pulse output.But electron beam is easy to make the stainless steel material of groove inner wall to heat up after bombarding for a long time, and then generate etc.
Gas ions, and then device inside beam wave mechanism is influenced, cause pulse shortening.Since Coaxial extractor structure 209 is located at device
Inside, it is not easy to cooled down using water cycle, therefore be unfavorable for the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator long pulse, repetition rate work
Make.
Fig. 3 is that the A-A of submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator preferred embodiment of the present invention is cutd open
Depending on structural schematic diagram, Fig. 4 is the A-A section view stereoscopic schematic diagrams of present embodiment.The present invention is by cathode block 301, cathode 302, sun
Pole outer barrel 303, cut-off neck 304, the first preposition resonant cavity 310a, the second preposition resonant cavity 310b, slow-wave structure 305, conical wave
Lead 306, output waveguide 307, solenoidal field 308, buncher 311, postposition resonant cavity 312, factory's font collector 313, reflection
Device 314 forms, and total is about central axis rotational symmetry.The inner wire of the external pulse power supply of 301 left end of cathode block, sun
The outer conductor of the external pulse power supply of 303 left end of pole outer barrel.
Cathode 302 is a thin-walled cylinder, and wall thickness generally takes 0.1mm-2mm, and value is 0.1mm in the present embodiment, interior
Radius R1Equal to the radius of electron beam, it is sleeved on 301 right end of cathode block.It is in the form of annular discs to end neck 304, inside radius R2, R2＞ R1,
Specific size is needed according to operation wavelength λ optimization designs.
First preposition resonant cavity 310a, the second preposition resonant cavity 310b are in the form of annular discs, in the first preposition resonant cavity 310a
Radius R2With outer radius R11Meet R11＞ R2, length L5General value is 0.15-0.35 times of operation wavelength λ, in the present embodiment
Middle L5It is 0.25 times of operation wavelength λ；Second preposition resonant cavity 310b inside radius R2With outer radius R12Meet R11＞ R12＞ R2, long
Spend L6General value is 0.1-0.3 times of operation wavelength λ, in the present embodiment L5It is 0.2 times of operation wavelength λ.
Slow-wave structure 305 is made of 5 slow wave blades, the inner surface of each slow wave blade is trapezium structure.Wherein,
Preceding 2 slow wave blades are identical, and rear 3 slow wave blades are identical, rear 3 slow waves blade outer radius R6Than outside preceding 2 slow wave blades half
Diameter R3Greatly, meet R6＞ R3；The length L of 3 slow wave blades afterwards8Than preceding 2 slow wave length of blade L1It is short, meet L8＜ L1。L1Generally
Value is 0.4-0.6 times of operation wavelength λ, the length L of rear 3 slow wave blades8It is 0.3 to 0.5 times of operation wavelength.In this reality
It applies in example, L1It is 0.53 times of operation wavelength λ, L8It is 0.44 times of operation wavelength λ.It can pass through platform between adjacent slow wave blade
The connection of rank seat is threadedly coupled realization tight fit.
It is discoid buncher 311 that 1 shape is provided between the 2nd slow wave blade and the 3rd slow wave blade, is adjusted
The radius R of chamber 311 processed13More than the maximum outer radius R of 305 slow wave blade of slow-wave structure6；311 radius R of the buncher13For work
Make wavelength 0.65 to 0.85 times, in the present embodiment R13It is 0.78 times of operation wavelength.311 width L of buncher7For operating wave
Long 0.05 to 0.15 times, in the present embodiment L7It is 0.08 times of operation wavelength.
It is discoid postposition resonant cavity that 1 shape is additionally provided between the slow-wave structure 305 and tapered transmission line 306
312, the radius of the postposition resonant cavity 312 is equal to the maximum outer radius R of 305 slow wave blade of slow-wave structure6；The postposition resonance
The width L of chamber 3129General value is 0.05-0.15 times of operation wavelength λ, in the present embodiment, L9It is the 0.11 of operation wavelength
Times.
The left side radius of tapered transmission line 306 is R14, right side radius is R15, R14＜ R15；Length is L2, L2General value is
0.9-1.1 times of operation wavelength λ, in the present embodiment L2Equal to operation wavelength λ.
Tapered transmission line 306 is followed by factory's font collector 313, and the outer radius of factory's font collector 313 is equal to tapered transmission line
306 right side radius R15, R15Less than the maximum outer radius R of 305 slow wave blade of slow-wave structure6.On factory's font collector 313
End seal closes place width L10Equal to operation wavelength λ；The open-mouth width L of lower end11It it is 0.4 to 0.6 times of operation wavelength, in this reality
Apply L in example11Equal to 0.5 times of operation wavelength λ；313 interior step width L of factory's font collector12For operation wavelength
0.2 to 0.3 times, L in the present embodiment12Equal to 0.25 times of operation wavelength λ；The 313 right side bevel edge of factory's font collector is wide
Spend L13It is 1.1 to 1.4 times of operation wavelength, L in the present embodiment13Equal to 1.3 times of operation wavelength λ.
Reflector 314, the inside radius R of reflector 314 are set between factory's font collector 313 and output waveguide 30718It is less than
302 radius R of cathode1.The width L of 314 lower end of the reflector14Range is 1.1 to 1.4 times of operation wavelength, in the present embodiment
Middle L14Equal to 1.26 times of operation wavelength λ；The width L of 314 right side bevel edge of the reflector15Be operation wavelength 0.75 to
0.95 times, L in the present embodiment15Equal to 0.85 times of operation wavelength λ.
Output waveguide 307 is that inside radius is R7Circular waveguide, R7＞ R13。。
End neck 304, preposition resonant cavity 310a and 310b, slow-wave structure 305, buncher 311, postposition resonant cavity 312, factory
It is connected through a screw thread between font collector 313, tapered transmission line 306, reflector 314 and output waveguide 307 or mount connects
After fixation, from the right side of anode outer barrel 303, in an axial direction, be close to the inner wall of anode outer barrel 303, embedded anode outer barrel 303 is simultaneously solid
It is fixed.End the outside of 304 left side of neck and anode outer barrel 303 is in close contact and provides the first supporting point, outside factory's font collector 313
Side, which is connect by flange with anode outer barrel 303, to be provided the second supporting point and plays the role of being axially positioned.Output waveguide 307
Right end connects antenna, can refer to the requirement of different wave length, and the specific of antenna is obtained according to general antenna design method design and simulation
Know-how is not present due to being universal method in structure.The present invention run when, cathode 302 generate relativistic electron beam with by
The TM that slow-wave structure 305 determines01The electromagnetic wave of pattern carries out beam wave interaction, and the High-Power Microwave of generation is from microwave via defeated
Go out waveguide 307 to radiate.
Further, the cathode block 301, anode outer barrel 303, cut-off neck 304, slow-wave structure 305, tapered transmission line
306, output waveguide 307, factory's font collector 313 and reflector 314 are all made of the metals such as stainless steel or oxygen-free copper or titanium or molybdenum
Material, cathode 302 are made of graphite or magnetism-free stainless steel or heat resistant glass cloth-epoxy resin copper coated foil plate, solenoidal field
308 are formed using copper wire or aluminum steel coiling.
The present embodiment realizes the submicrosecond grade long pulse that centre frequency is 3.73GHz (corresponding microwave wavelength λ=8cm) and leaps high
Efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator (is designed and sized to accordingly：R1=39mm, R2=48mm, R3=54mm, R4=45mm,
R6=61mm, R7=64mm, R11=66mm, R12=60mm, R13=62mm, R14=44mm, R15=56mm, R16=53mm, R17
=43mm, R18=37mm, L1=42mm, L5=20mm, L6=16mm, L7=6mm, L8=35mm, L9=8.8mm, L10=
80mm, L11=40mm, L12=20mm, L13=105mm, L14=101mm, L15=68mm).In particle simulation, in diode electricity
Under conditions of pressing 900kV, electric current 9.7kA, guide field 1.5T, output microwave power 3.2GW, power conversion efficiency 36.7%,
Pulsewidth 260ns (electric pulsewidth 300ns).From the above results, the present invention overcomes usual the theory of relativity Cherenkov oscillators only
The shortcomings that single pursuit high efficiency of energy or long pulse, submicrosecond grade long pulse can be taken into account simultaneously and high efficiency High-Power Microwave is defeated
Go out, and realize the miniaturization of structure, there is important reference for designing the type device.
Referring to Fig. 5, it is known that the width L of 313 upper end of factory's font collector10Existing on output microwave efficiency influences, with L10
Increase can make output microwave efficiency first increases and then decreases, work as L10Reach highest delivery efficiency when=80mm.
Referring to Fig. 6, it is known that the width L of 313 lower end of factory's font collector11Existing on output microwave efficiency influences, with L11
Increase can make output microwave efficiency first increases and then decreases, work as L11Reach highest delivery efficiency when=40mm.
Referring to Fig. 7, it is known that the width L of 313 step of factory's font collector12Existing on output microwave efficiency influences, with L12
Increase can make output microwave efficiency first increases and then decreases, work as L12Reach highest delivery efficiency when=20mm.
Referring to Fig. 8, it is known that the width L of buncher 3117Existing on output microwave efficiency influences, with L7Increase can make output
Microwave efficiency first increases and then decreases, works as L7Reach highest delivery efficiency when=6mm.
Referring to Fig. 9, it is known that the outer radius R of buncher 31113Existing on output microwave efficiency influences, with R13Increase can make
Microwave efficiency first increases and then decreases is exported, R is worked as13Reach highest delivery efficiency when=62mm.
Referring to Figure 10, it is known that the velocity modulation that buncher 311 makes electron beam be obtained in initial segment is converted into density modulation
And form clustering, therefore device initial segment clustering unobvious, device rear part electron beam has preferable cybotactic state, be conducive to beam with
Effective interaction will occur for wave.
It is the imitative of the 1 preposition resonant cavity 310 ' of use compared with the preferred embodiment of the present invention referring to Figure 11~13
Very and experimental result.As seen from Figure 11, using 1 preposition resonant cavity 310 ', housing surface most high field concentrates on preposition resonant cavity
Internal back end, about 1.4MV/cm；As seen from Figure 12, after experiment, 310 ' right side of preposition resonant cavity is by electron beam scraping and radio frequency
The trace of breakdown is apparent；As seen from Figure 13, obvious pulse shortening phenomenon occurs for microwave pulsewidth 150ns~160ns or so.
Referring to Figure 14~16, the emulation using 2 preposition resonant cavities 310 and experimental result for the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
As seen from Figure 14, using 2 preposition resonant cavities 310, housing surface most high field concentrates on preposition intra resonant cavity rear end, about
0.9MV/cm；As seen from Figure 15, after experiment, 310 right side of preposition resonant cavity is scraped unknown with the trace of rf arcing by electron beam
It is aobvious；As seen from Figure 16, microwave pulsewidth 200ns~210ns or so, output microwave pulsewidth extend about 50ns.Therefore, using 2
Preposition reflection cavity 310 increases the radial distance of electron beam range cutoff neck, that is, avoids electron beam from scraping or bombard, and weaken device
Internal radio frequency field is conducive to the output of long pulse microwave.
Certainly, in the preferred embodiment, end neck 304, the first preposition resonant cavity 310a, the second preposition resonant cavity
310b, slow-wave structure 305, buncher 311, postposition resonant cavity 312, factory's font collector 313, tapered transmission line 306, reflector
Other connection types can also be used between 314 and output waveguide 307, other materials processing can also be used in device architecture, above
Described is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited merely to above-described embodiment, all to belong to this
Technical solution under invention thinking all belongs to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Those skilled in the art will be clear that the scope of the present invention is not limited to example discussed above, it is possible to be carried out to it
Several changes and modification, the scope of the present invention limited without departing from the appended claims.Although oneself is through in attached drawing and explanation
The present invention is illustrated and described in book in detail, but such illustrate and describe only is explanation or schematical, and not restrictive.
The present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments.
By to attached drawing, the research of specification and claims, those skilled in the art can be in carrying out the present invention
Understand and realize the deformation of the disclosed embodiments.In detail in the claims, term " comprising " is not excluded for other steps or element.
The fact that the certain measures quoted in mutually different dependent claims, does not mean that the combination of these measures cannot be had
It uses sharply.Any reference marker in claims is not construed to limit the scope of the present.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator, it is characterised in that：The oscillator includes
It is cathode block (301), cathode (302), anode outer barrel (303), cut-off neck (304), the first preposition resonant cavity (310a), second preposition
Resonant cavity (310b), slow-wave structure (305), tapered transmission line (306), output waveguide (307), solenoidal field (308), buncher
(311), postposition resonant cavity (312), factory's font collector (313), reflector (314), total are rotated about central axis
Symmetrically, the inner wire of the external pulse power supply of cathode block (301) left end, the external pulse power supply of anode outer barrel (303) left end
Outer conductor；
Cathode (302) is a thin-walled cylinder, and wall thickness takes 0.1mm-2mm, inside radius R1Equal to electronic beam radius, it is sleeved on cathode block
(301) right end；It is in the form of annular discs to end neck (304), inside radius R2, R2＞ R1；It is first preposition resonant cavity (310a), second preposition
Resonant cavity (310b) is in the form of annular discs, the first preposition resonant cavity (310a) inside radius R2With outer radius R11Meet R11＞ R2, length
L5Value is 0.15-0.35 times of operation wavelength λ, and the second preposition resonant cavity (310b) inside radius is equal to the first preposition resonant cavity
(310a) inside radius R2, outer radius R12, meet R11＞ R12＞ R2, length L6Value is 0.1-0.3 times of operation wavelength λ；
Slow-wave structure (305) is made of 5 slow wave blades, and the inner surface of each slow wave blade is trapezium structure, preceding 2 slow wave blades
Identical, rear 3 slow wave blades are identical, rear 3 slow waves blade outer radius R6Than preceding 2 slow waves blade outer radius R3Greatly, meet R6＞
R3, the length L of rear 3 slow wave blades8Than preceding 2 slow wave length of blade L1It is short, meet L8＜ L1, L1Value is operation wavelength λ's
0.4-0.6 times, L8Value is 0.3 to 0.5 times of operation wavelength；It is arranged between the 2nd slow wave blade and the 3rd slow wave blade
It is discoid buncher (311), the radius R of buncher (311) to have 1 shape13More than slow-wave structure (305) slow wave blade
Maximum outer radius R6, buncher (311) radius R13It is 0.65 to 0.85 times of operation wavelength, buncher (311) width L7For work
Make wavelength 0.05 to 0.15 times；It is discoid that 1 shape is provided between slow-wave structure (305) and tapered transmission line (306)
Postposition resonant cavity (312), the radius of postposition resonant cavity (312) is equal to the maximum outer radius of slow-wave structure (305) slow wave blade
R6, the width L of postposition resonant cavity (312)9Value is 0.05-0.15 times of operation wavelength λ；The left side radius of tapered transmission line (306)
For R14, right side radius is R15, R14＜ R15, length L2, L2Value is 0.9-1.1 times of operation wavelength λ；Tapered transmission line (306)
Be followed by factory's font collector (313), the outer radius of factory's font collector (313) is equal to the right side radius of tapered transmission line (306)
R15, R15Less than the maximum outer radius R of slow-wave structure (305) slow wave blade6, width at factory font collector (313) upper end closed
L10Equal to operation wavelength λ, the width L of lower end open-mouth11Value is 0.4 to 0.6 times of operation wavelength, and factory's font is collected
Pole (313) interior step width L12Value is 0.2 to 0.3 times of operation wavelength；Bevel edge on the right side of factory's font collector (313)
Width L13Value is 1.1 to 1.4 times of operation wavelength；Reflection is set between factory's font collector (313) and output waveguide (307)
Device (314), the inside radius R of reflector (314)18Less than cathode (302) radius R1, the width L of reflector (314) lower end14Value
It is 1.1 to 1.4 times of operation wavelength, the width L of bevel edge on the right side of reflector (314)15Value is the 0.75 to 0.95 of operation wavelength
Times；It is R that output waveguide (307), which is inside radius,7Circular waveguide, R7＞ R13。
2. submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
State cathode block (301), anode outer barrel (303), cut-off neck (304), slow-wave structure (305), tapered transmission line (306), output waveguide
(307), factory's font collector (313) and reflector (314) is all made of stainless steel or oxygen-free copper or titanium or molybdenum is made, cathode
(302) graphite or stainless steel or heat resistant glass cloth-epoxy resin copper coated foil plate is used to be made, solenoidal field (308) uses copper
Line or aluminum steel coiling form.
3. submicrosecond grade long pulse high efficiency the theory of relativity Cherenkov's oscillator according to claim 1 or claim 2, feature exist
In：The parameter of the oscillator is as follows, operation wavelength λ=8cm, R1=39mm, R2=48mm, R3=54mm, R4=45mm, R6=
61mm, R7=64mm, R11=66mm, R12=60mm, R13=62mm, R14=44mm, R15=56mm, R16=53mm, R17=
43mm, R18=37mm, L1=42mm, L5=20mm, L6=16mm, L7=6mm, L8=35mm, L9=8.8mm, L10=80mm,
L11=40mm, L12=20mm, L13=105mm, L14=101mm, L15=68mm.
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