CN115641979B - Chemical method on-line decontamination device and decontamination method for pipeline - Google Patents
Chemical method on-line decontamination device and decontamination method for pipeline Download PDFInfo
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- CN115641979B CN115641979B CN202211318509.1A CN202211318509A CN115641979B CN 115641979 B CN115641979 B CN 115641979B CN 202211318509 A CN202211318509 A CN 202211318509A CN 115641979 B CN115641979 B CN 115641979B
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Abstract
The invention provides a chemical method on-line decontamination device and a decontamination method for pipelines, wherein the decontamination device comprises a decontamination capsule structure unit and a guide wire (7), the decontamination capsule structure unit comprises a center shaft controller (1), a capsule head (2), a capsule tail (3) and a guide wire connecting port (8), the capsule head (2) and the capsule tail (3) are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the center shaft controller (1), the decontamination capsule structure unit also comprises an ultrasonic transmitter (4) and a thermocouple (5), and the guide wire (7) is arranged on the decontamination capsule structure unit through the guide wire connecting port (8). The capsule head and the capsule tail are made of materials with radial compression performance, after the materials enter the pipeline, the pipeline to be treated can be sealed in a closed space formed by the materials, so that the detergent is convenient to carry out accurate and efficient decontamination on the pipeline to be treated, and the detergent is conveyed to the outside through the waste pipe (76) after the treatment is finished, so that secondary pollution is avoided, the using amount of the detergent is effectively reduced, no secondary operation risk is caused, the decontamination effect is obviously improved, and the decontamination cost is obviously reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of retirement and radiation protection of nuclear facilities, is applied to retirement and maintenance processes of facility equipment in the development and utilization of nuclear power stations, reactors and natural radioactive mineral resources, and particularly relates to technical equipment and a method for removing radioactive pollution on the inner surface of a radioactive pollution pipeline by a chemical method.
Background
The development of natural radioactive mineral resources and the radioactive pollution of various nuclear facilities caused by the contamination of the surfaces of equipment and facilities with radionuclides due to various reasons during the production and operation process. This type of contamination would cause potential radiation injury to the next operator. Decontamination operations are the practice of transforming the position and morphology of radionuclides by a combination of one or more technical measures to achieve compliance with radiation management requirements.
The existing radioactive decontamination technology mainly comprises a physical method, a chemical method, an electro-oxidation method and the like. Physical decontamination is generally to remove falling ash and weakly bound shallow radioactive substances on the outer surface by means of surface cleaning and surface removal. The physical method has the advantages of low technical threshold, high decontamination speed, simple process control, low cost and the like, but also has the disadvantages of difficult control of secondary pollution, high secondary hazard, inapplicability to decontamination under complex conditions and high damage to workpieces after decontamination. Typical decontamination methods are: wiping method, high-pressure fluid jet, shot blasting decontamination method, dry ice method, ultrasonic cleaning, laser decontamination method, etc.
The chemical decontamination is to remove the dirt, paint coating, oxide film layer and the like with radioactive nuclide on the inner and outer surfaces of facilities to be retired by utilizing the chemical actions of dissolution, oxidation reduction, complexation, chelation, passivation, corrosion inhibition, surface wetting and the like of chemical decontaminating agents. This technique is widely used for decontamination of stationary contaminates on the surfaces of pipes, components, equipment and facilities. The chemical decontaminating agents are of various kinds, and include acids, bases, redox agents, complexing agents, surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, and the like.
The electrochemical decontamination is to remove a film layer on the surface of the metal polluted by radioactivity by an electrochemical dissolution principle, thereby achieving the purpose of decontamination. The method is suitable for deep decontamination of the surfaces of carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum and other metals generated in the retired process of nuclear facilities so as to realize clean control and recycling.
However, as the formation and removal mechanism of radioactive contamination is not completely clear, the defects of low integration level, insufficient maturity, high decontamination cost and the like of technical equipment still exist in the actual operation process; meanwhile, secondary pollution and secondary hazard are not easy to control; the decontamination process is complex, and the decontamination time is long; and some of the problems of decontamination operations that do not readily control the damage to contaminated equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical background, the inventor makes a sharp advance, and designs a chemical method on-line decontamination device for a pipeline, the decontamination device comprises a decontamination capsule structure unit and a guide wire, wherein the decontamination capsule structure unit comprises a central shaft controller, a capsule head, a capsule tail and a conductive connecting port, the capsule head and the capsule tail are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the central shaft controller, the guide wire is arranged on the decontamination capsule structure unit through the conductive connecting port, the materials adopted by the capsule head and the capsule tail have certain elasticity, the part to be treated in the pipeline can be sealed in a sealed space, the accurate and efficient decontamination of the pipeline by the decontaminating agent is realized, meanwhile, the secondary pollution caused by the flow of the treated waste to other parts or outside the pipeline is avoided, the decontamination device further comprises an ultrasonic generator and a thermocouple, the decontamination effect is further improved through ultrasonic and heating, meanwhile, the use amount of the decontaminating agent is effectively reduced, the far-end accurate decontamination can be realized, the secondary operation risk is avoided, the decontamination effect is effectively improved, and the decontamination cost is reduced.
The first aspect of the invention provides a chemical method on-line decontamination device for a pipeline, which comprises a decontamination capsule structure unit, a guide wire 7 and a travelling stay wire 74, wherein the decontamination capsule structure unit comprises a central shaft controller 1, a capsule head 2 and a capsule tail 3, the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 are arranged at two ends of the central shaft controller 1, and the guide wire 7 sequentially passes through the capsule head 2, the central shaft controller 1 and the capsule tail 3 and is led out of the decontamination device; a travelling pull wire 74 is located in the guide wire 7;
the guide wire 7 comprises a material guide pipe 75, a waste pipe 76 and an exhaust pipe 78, and the material guide pipe 75, the waste pipe 76 and the exhaust pipe 78 are provided with corresponding material guide pipe branch pipes, waste pipe branch pipes and exhaust pipe branch pipes in the center shaft controller, and are communicated with the outside of the center shaft controller.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of decontaminating using a decontamination apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention, the method comprising the steps of:
step 2, releasing chemical agents to the to-be-treated part in the pipeline through the material conduit for chemical decontamination;
and 3, after decontamination, conveying the waste obtained after decontamination to a waste barrel outside the waste pipe through the waste pipe.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view showing a decontamination capsule structure unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a decontamination capsule structure unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a guidewire according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1-a bottom bracket bearing controller;
2-capsule head;
3-capsule tail;
4-an ultrasonic emitter;
5-thermocouple;
6, sealing the tile;
7-a guide wire;
71-an outer protective layer of the wire;
72-a radiation-resistant sacrificial layer;
73-an inner protective layer;
74-travel wire;
75-material conduit;
76-waste pipe;
77-a power line;
78-exhaust pipe;
79-a control signal line;
8-a wire connection port;
9-a pipeline to be decontaminated;
10-chain structure.
Detailed Description
The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and evident from the following detailed description of the invention.
The first aspect of the invention provides a chemical method on-line decontamination device for a pipeline, which comprises a decontamination capsule structure unit, a guide wire 7 and a travelling stay wire 74, wherein the decontamination capsule structure unit is integrally in a capsule shape and comprises a central axis controller 1, a capsule head 2 and a capsule tail 3, the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the central axis controller 1, and the guide wire 7 sequentially passes through the capsule head 2, the central axis controller 1 and the capsule tail 3 and is connected with the outside of the pipeline.
The travelling wire 74 is located in the guide wire 7, and the travelling wire 74 passing out of the capsule head 2 is connected to a small pipeline robot, through which the decontamination device is drawn to travel in the pipeline.
The guide wire 7 comprises a material guide pipe 75, a waste pipe 76 and an exhaust pipe 78, and the material guide pipe 75, the waste pipe 76 and the exhaust pipe 78 are provided with corresponding material guide pipe branch pipes, waste pipe branch pipes and exhaust pipe branch pipes in the center shaft controller, and are communicated with the outside of the center shaft controller.
The central shaft controller 1 is of a rigid structure, is used for connecting all components, receiving instruction parameters of a control signal line 79 connected with the controller outside the pipe, converting the instruction parameters into operation parameters, controlling the switch of an ultrasonic transmitter and a thermocouple, adjusting the power frequency of the ultrasonic transmitter and the heating temperature of the thermocouple, controlling valves of a material conduit, a waste material pipe and an exhaust pipe in a decontamination device, controlling the inlet and outlet of the material, the residence time and the like. The controller of the device is outside the tube, transmits a signal instruction to the central shaft controller through the control signal wire, and controls all parts in the decontamination device through the central shaft controller, so that remote control is realized, and excessive control electronic devices in the device are prevented from being invalid in a radioactive environment.
The guide wire is a connecting wire of the decontamination device and is used for providing control signals, equipment power and decontamination materials for the decontamination device in the pipeline and providing a sewage pipeline.
In the guide wire 7, a material conduit 75 is connected with an external material storage for conveying the detergent in the external material storage into a pipeline, the material conduit 75 in the central shaft controller 1 is provided with corresponding material conduit branch pipes which extend out of the central shaft controller and are positioned between ultrasonic transmitters, a valve is arranged on the material conduit branch pipes, the central shaft controller 1 receives a signal transmitted by a control signal wire 79 to control the switch of the valve, so that the detergent conveyed from the external of the pipeline can be released into a closed space of the pipeline to be treated through the guide wire 7 and the material conduit branch pipes, and the material conduit 75 is provided with one or more material conduit branches, so that different types of detergents can be stored and conveyed according to different decontamination environments.
The waste pipe 76 is connected with a waste cylinder outside the pipe, the waste pipe in the middle shaft controller 1 is provided with a corresponding waste pipe branch pipe, the branch pipe extends out of the middle shaft controller and is close to the inner wall of the pipe, a valve is arranged on the waste pipe branch pipe, after decontamination is finished, the middle shaft controller receives a signal transmitted by a control signal line, the valve of the waste pipe branch pipe is opened, and the waste generated after treatment is conveyed into the waste cylinder outside the pipe by the waste pipe branch pipe and the waste pipe 76.
The exhaust pipe 78 is connected with an external exhaust device, the exhaust pipe in the central shaft controller 1 is provided with a corresponding exhaust pipe branch pipe which extends between the ultrasonic transmitters from the central shaft controller, the branch pipe is provided with a control valve, and the central shaft controller can open the valve to exhaust or suck air after receiving an opening instruction.
The exhaust pipe 78 is arranged on the one hand, has the effect of balancing the internal pressure and the external pressure of the pipeline, and when negative pressure or positive pressure is formed in the pipeline, the decontamination device is difficult to travel in the pipeline, and at the moment, the exhaust pipe is used for exhausting or exhausting air to the pipeline so as to be leveled with the external pressure of the pipeline, so that the decontamination device is convenient to travel in the pipeline; on the other hand, when the waste pipe is operated, the exhaust pipe is used for exhausting air to the outside of the pipe, so that negative pressure is formed in the pipe, waste generated in the pipe is sucked into the waste pipe, and the waste pipe is exhausted outside of the pipe. Meanwhile, the exhaust pipe can be opened in the process of injecting chemical detergent, the pressure of the closed section is balanced, the detergent can be ensured to be filled in a closed space formed by the capsule head and the capsule tail, the generation of holes is avoided, the detergent is fully contacted with the inner wall of the pipeline, and the decontamination effect is improved.
Preferably, the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 are in bullet shape, the tail parts (i.e. the ends with relatively larger diameters) of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 are relatively installed, and the head parts (i.e. the ends with relatively smaller diameters) face to the outside of the device, so that the decontamination capsule structure unit is in a capsule shape as a whole, and the shapes and the installation modes of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 facilitate the extension of the decontamination device into a pipeline and reduce the travelling resistance of the decontamination device in the pipeline.
More preferably, the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 are made of polyurethane, preferably polyurethane having an elastic modulus of 0.05 to 0.2MPa, a friction coefficient of 0.1 to 0.5, and a poisson's ratio of 0.4 to 0.7.
The maximum 20% radial compression of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 made of polyurethane can be realized, and the diameters of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 are 8% -20% larger than the diameter of a pipeline to be treated, preferably 8% -15%, and more preferably 10% -12%.
The material can realize radial compression, is convenient for entering a pipeline system with slightly smaller inner diameter, and can be compressed into a pipeline to a certain extent by the shape and the installation mode of the capsule head and the capsule tail, so that the pipeline to be treated is positioned in a closed space formed by the capsule head and the capsule tail, and the section of pipeline is convenient for decontamination by a decontaminating agent. And polyurethane has certain strength, and can form certain friction force with the inner wall of the pipeline in the running process, so that substances adhered to the inner wall of the pipeline are scraped and fall off. In addition, the polyurethane material with radial elasticity can be also suitable for reducing pipelines, and the decontamination device is suitable for pipelines with certain diameters.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the decontamination type capsule structure unit further comprises a sealing tile 6, wherein the cross section of the sealing tile 6 is tile-shaped, the concave part of the sealing tile faces the inside of the device, as shown in fig. 1, two sealing tiles 6 are symmetrically arranged on the central axis controller 1 and positioned between the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3, and the two sealing tiles are respectively connected with the capsule head 2 and the tail of the capsule head 3. The sealing shoe 6 can further seal the pipe to be treated, avoiding the outflow of detergent and waste out of the device.
The sealing tile 6 is made of one or more materials selected from acid-resistant high polymer materials with certain elasticity, preferably Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
The sealing tile 6 has the function of further sealing the detergent and the waste material, and the materials have certain elasticity and are soft sealing materials, can realize the sealing function on liquid under the action of certain pressure, and simultaneously have acid resistance and corrosion resistance, so that the detergent can be sealed in a closed environment.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the decontamination capsule structure unit further comprises a wire connection port 8, an ultrasonic transmitter 4 and a thermocouple 5.
A lead connection port 8 is positioned at the middle part of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 and is used for connecting a lead 7.
The ultrasonic transmitter 4 and the thermocouple 5 are positioned between the two sealing tiles 6 and are arranged in the middle of the central shaft controller 1, the ultrasonic transmitter 4 and the thermocouple 5 are all arranged on the central shaft controller 1 in a surrounding manner, and the ultrasonic transmitter 4 is positioned between the thermocouple 5 and the central shaft controller 1 as shown in fig. 2.
The installation mode of the surrounding center shaft controller can effectively ensure that all directions and parts in the pipeline to be treated can be acted by the ultrasonic generator and the thermocouple.
According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, each decontamination capsule structure unit is provided with 1-6 groups of ultrasonic transmitters and thermocouple groups, wherein each group of ultrasonic transmitters and thermocouple groups consists of 5-8 ultrasonic generators 4 and 10-16 thermocouples 5; preferably, there are 2 to 4 groups of ultrasonic transmitters and thermocouple groups, each consisting of 6 to 7 ultrasonic transmitters 4 and 12 to 14 thermocouples 5, as shown in fig. 2.
The ultrasonic transmitter 4 and the thermocouple 5 are controlled by the central shaft controller 1, the central shaft controller 1 receives a signal transmitted by the control signal line 79 through the external pipe controller, controls the decontamination temperature of a gap between the thermocouple 5 adjusting device and the inner wall of the pipeline, and opens the ultrasonic transmitter 4 to generate an ultrasonic strengthening effect, and the ultrasonic strengthening effect and the thermocouple strengthen the decontamination effect together to realize the strengthening decontamination of the inner wall of the pipeline.
The minimum distance between the thermocouple 5 and the inner wall of the pipe 9 to be decontaminated exceeds 25% of the radius of the pipe, preferably exceeds 30% of the radius of the pipe, ensuring a sufficiently large enclosed space between the thermocouple 5 and the pipe 9 to be decontaminated, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, in which the decontamination means releases the decontaminating agent for decontaminating the pipe to be treated.
According to a still further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the central shaft controller 1 and the group of ultrasonic transmitters and the thermocouple group form a group of ultrasonic heating units, each decontamination capsule unit comprises 1-6 groups of ultrasonic heating units, the ultrasonic heating units are sequentially connected in series, preferably sequentially connected in series through a chain structure 10, and the chain structure 10 is installed at two ends of the central shaft controller, as shown in fig. 1. The chain structure is relatively short and consists of only 2-3 sections.
When the ultrasonic heating units are connected in series, the guide wires 7 between the two adjacent center shaft controllers 1 are exposed to the air and are adjacent to the connecting structure.
Compared with the mode of connecting only through a middle shaft controller, the mode of connecting the ultrasonic heating units in series is more convenient for connecting the ultrasonic heating units in series aiming at the length of the decontamination pipe section, so that the decontamination efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the chain structure is relatively short, a certain supporting effect is achieved, the ultrasonic heating units are prevented from shaking up and down greatly, and small shaking is beneficial to improving the decontamination effect.
When 2 or more groups of ultrasonic heating units are connected in series, the ultrasonic heating units at two ends are respectively arranged on the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 through the center shaft controller 1, the sealing tile 6 is positioned between the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3, and the sealing tile 6 is respectively positioned on the ultrasonic heating units at two ends, so that the relative positions of the center shaft controller 1, the capsule head 2, the capsule tail 3 and the sealing tile 6 are fixed, and the ultrasonic heating unit in the middle is connected with the adjacent ultrasonic heating units through the chain structure 10 connected at two ends of the center shaft controller 1.
The whole decontamination device is dumbbell-shaped, the decontamination device is not integrally sealed, the ultrasonic effect of an ultrasonic field can be reduced by the sealing mode, the decontamination effect is reduced, meanwhile, the friction force between the dumbbell-shaped decontamination device and the inner wall of a pipeline and the travelling resistance of the decontamination device in the pipeline can be reduced, and the decontamination device is more convenient to pass through complex pipeline structures such as pipeline bent sections and the like.
A layer of stainless steel is arranged on the bottom bracket bearing controller 1, the ultrasonic transmitter 4 and the thermocouple 5, so that the equipment is prevented from being corroded and damaged in the decontamination process.
The guide wire 7 further comprises a traveling pull wire 74, a power wire 77 and a control signal wire 79, wherein the power wire 77 is connected with an external power supply to supply power for an ultrasonic transmitter and a thermocouple in the decontamination device.
The control signal line 79 is connected with the controller outside the tube and is used for transmitting information instructions to the center shaft controller to realize the remote-operation decontamination device.
According to the invention, a power supply is not used as travelling power, the travelling pull wire 74 is used for pulling the decontamination device to advance, the travelling pull wire 74 is positioned at the middle part of the guide wire 7, the stability of the whole decontamination device in the travelling process is ensured, the complexity of the decontamination device is reduced through the mechanical pulling action of the travelling pull wire 74, and meanwhile, secondary pollution and large amount of radioactive wastewater are avoided, so that the decontamination device is more suitable for the field of nuclear industry.
The travelling stay wire 74 is a steel wire rope, preferably 7-10mm IWR or IWS steel wire rope, and because the diameters of the capsule head and the capsule tail are larger than the inner diameter of the pipe, the whole decontamination device needs to overcome larger resistance in the travelling process in the pipeline, and the travelling stay wire made of the materials can ensure the smooth movement of the decontamination device in the pipeline.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the guide wire 7 further comprises an outer protective layer 71 and an inner protective layer 73, wherein the inner protective layer 73 has a circular cross section, the outer protective layer is wrapped outside the inner protective layer 73, and the traveling pull wire 74, the material conduit 75, the waste pipe 76, the power wire 77, the exhaust pipe 78 and the control signal wire 79 are located in the inner protective layer 73.
The inner protective layer 73 is used to fix the position of the travelling wire 74, the material conduit 75, the waste pipe 76, the power wire 77, the exhaust pipe 78 and the control signal wire 79 in the guide wire, and prevent the above-mentioned pipes and wires from tangling with each other, thereby affecting the decontamination process.
The outer protective layer of the lead has the function of providing external protection for the lead, and can be directly peeled off and discarded after the decontamination process is completed.
According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the guide wire 7 further comprises a radiation-resistant sacrificial layer 72, the radiation-resistant sacrificial layer 72 being located between the outer protective layer 71 and the inner protective layer 73 of the guide wire. As shown in fig. 3.
The radiation-resistant sacrificial layer 72 in the present invention is preferably made of a polymer of one or more materials selected from PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), CMC (sodium carboxymethylcellulose), MMA (methyl methacrylate), and more preferably a PVA-based copolymer.
The radiation-resistant sacrificial layer 72 serves to protect the components inside the wire from nuclear radiation, and after the decontamination device completes decontamination, the wire outer protective layer 71 is automatically peeled off and recovered for disposal as low-emissivity solid waste.
The decontamination device can be composed of one or more decontamination capsule structure units connected in series through guide wires, and a plurality of ultrasonic heating units can be connected in series in each decontamination capsule structure unit in sequence, so that the effect of simultaneously decontaminating a longer pipeline to be treated is achieved, and the decontamination efficiency is effectively improved.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for decontamination by using the decontamination device according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein a small detection robot is preferably placed in the pipeline to perform detection marking on a portion to be treated in the pipeline before decontamination. The method comprises the following steps:
and then the pipeline section to be decontaminated is pulled by a small pipeline robot to the pipeline section to be decontaminated through a guide wire on the decontamination device, and the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 seal the pipeline section to be decontaminated to form a sealed pipeline section space.
Step 2, releasing a detergent to a to-be-treated part in the pipeline through a material conduit for chemical decontamination;
after the decontamination device moves to the decontamination position, the central shaft controller receives signals and then controls the valve of the material conduit 75 in the guide wire 7 to open, so as to release the decontaminating agent into the closed space formed by the device and the pipeline 9 to be treated.
The detergent comprises common radioactive detergent chemicals including acidic detergent and alkaline detergent, preferably one or more detergents containing tetravalent cerium, nitric acid and potassium permanganate, such as HAKA neutral detergent.
In the process of injecting the detergent into the closed space, after receiving the instruction of the control signal line 79 connected with the remote controller, the central shaft controller opens the valve of the exhaust pipe 78 to exhaust the air in the closed pipe section, so as to ensure that the detergent can fill the closed space formed by the device and the pipeline.
After the closed space is filled with the detergent, the central axis controller 1 receives the instruction of the control signal line 79 to open the ultrasonic transmitter 4 and the thermocouple 5,
the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic emitter is controlled to be 15-35 kHz, preferably 17-33 kHz, and more preferably 20-30 kHz. The decontamination effect of the decontaminating agent in the closed pipeline is promoted by the ultrasonic strengthening effect, and meanwhile, the inner wall of the pipeline is not damaged under the ultrasonic frequency, so that the inner wall of the pipeline is efficiently decontaminated without damage, secondary pollution is reduced, and secondary operation hazard is avoided.
The decontamination temperature of the thermocouple is controlled to be 40-80 ℃, preferably 50-70 ℃, more preferably 60-70 ℃.
And 3, after decontamination, conveying the waste obtained after decontamination to a waste barrel outside the waste pipe through the waste pipe.
After decontamination is completed, if the decontamination is a discontinuous decontamination field, the central shaft controller 1 receives an instruction of the control signal line 79 to open a valve of the waste material pipe 76 in the guide wire 7, the control signal line 79 is connected with the remote controller, waste materials in the closed space are sucked into the waste material pipe 76 under the action of negative pressure, and are discharged into a waste material barrel outside the pipe along the waste material pipe 76.
If the pipeline is continuously decontaminated, after the waste is discharged, the small pipeline robot pulls the travelling stay wire 74 to travel to the next decontaminated pipeline section, the valves of the material conduit 75 and the exhaust pipe 78 are opened after receiving instructions by the central shaft controller 1, after the materials are full, the ultrasonic transmitter 4 and the thermocouple 5 are opened, the ultrasonic frequency and the temperature of the ultrasonic transmitter 4 and the thermocouple 5 are controlled within the ranges, after decontamination is finished, the valve of the waste pipeline 76 is opened, the waste in the sealed pipeline section is discharged into the waste barrel outside the pipeline, and the process of strengthening decontamination is continuously repeated until the decontamination operation of the whole pipeline section is finished.
The waste chemical decontaminating agent generated by the decontamination of the whole pipeline in the decontamination device is recovered, the outer protective layer 71 of the conducting wire of the decontamination device is automatically stripped and recovered on site and is used as low-radiation solid waste to be disposed, and the outer protective layer 71 of the conducting wire and the decontamination device are comprehensively decontaminated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) By adopting the decontamination device and the decontamination method, the efficient and continuous decontamination of the inner wall of the complex pipeline system under the remote operation condition is realized;
(2) The decontamination device and the decontamination method can realize the accurate and efficient removal of pollutants on the inner wall of the pipeline under the controlled strengthening condition, the decontamination effect is better than twice of that of common chemical decontamination, and the decontamination factor reaches more than 170;
(3) The decontamination device and the decontamination method consume less medicine, the decontamination process has less damage to system structural parts, and the generated secondary pollutants are reduced by more than 80 percent compared with the conventional method;
(4) The decontamination device can realize the nondestructive efficient continuous decontamination operation of the inner walls of the reducing, elbow and three-way pipeline systems under the teleoperation condition;
(5) Compared with the conventional decontamination method, the decontamination device and the decontamination method realize the full-pipeline decontamination of chemical agents, greatly reduce the risk of secondary operation of chemical decontamination, and reduce the decontamination cost by more than 40%.
Examples
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The decontamination device disclosed by the invention is used for decontaminating the underground air pipes of the ventilation system of the uranium mine in the south. The air pipe is made of cast iron material and has a diameter600mm, the whole L shape that takes on, two straight tube section lengths are 1m, 2m respectively, and the centre is 90 elbow, and the internal wall is basic level, and most areas appear corrosion state, contain dust and loose oxide. The pollution level of the inner wall surface of the pipeline is 88.9-188.5Bq/cm before decontamination 2 The surface gamma dose rate is 357-674nGy/h.
The decontamination device is used for decontaminating the pipeline, the materials of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 adopt modified HB66 polyurethane, the elastic modulus is 0.11MPa, the friction coefficient is 0.22, the Poisson ratio is 0.51, the running resistance is 1.6MPa on average, the tail diameters of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 are 660mm, the decontamination device comprises three groups of ultrasonic heating units which are sequentially connected in series, the chain structure consists of 2 sections, the ultrasonic heating units in the middle are connected with the ultrasonic heating units of a necklace through the chain structures 10 connected at the two ends of the shaft controller 1, the shaft controllers 1 in the ultrasonic heating units at the two ends are respectively arranged in the middle positions of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3, the tail parts of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 face the device, the sealing tile 6 is positioned between the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3, the convex parts of the sealing tile 6 are connected with the tail parts of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3, the material of the sealing tile 6 is PTFE, each group of the ultrasonic heating units comprises 6 ultrasonic transmitters 4 and 12 thermocouples 5, the ultrasonic transmitters 4 and 5 encircle the shaft controllers 1, the power of the ultrasonic transmitters 4 and 5 is equal to 1 time of rated power of a neutral electric power of the ultrasonic thermocouple, and the decontamination agent is used for diluting agent. The guide wire 7 sequentially passes through the capsule tail 3, the central shaft controller 1 and the capsule head 2 and is communicated with the outside of the tube, the guide wire 7 comprises an outer guide wire protective layer 71, an inner protective layer 73 and a radiation-resistant sacrificial layer 72 positioned between the outer protective layer and the inner protective layer, the radiation-resistant sacrificial layer 72 is made of PVA-based copolymer (see 113480896A embodiment 1), a travelling stay wire 74, a material guide tube 75, a waste tube 76, a power wire 77, an exhaust tube 78 and a control signal wire 79 are positioned in the inner protective layer 73, the material guide tube 75, the waste tube 76 and the exhaust tube 78 positioned in the central shaft controller 1 are provided with corresponding material guide tube branch pipes, waste tube branch pipes and exhaust tube branch pipes, valves are arranged on the corresponding branch pipes, the material guide tube branch pipes and the exhaust tube branch pipes extend out of the central shaft controller and are positioned between ultrasonic transmitters, the other ends of the material guide tube branch pipes are connected with a material storage outside the tube, the other ends of the exhaust tube branch pipes are connected with an exhaust device, the waste tube branch pipes extend out of the central shaft controller, the waste tube branch pipes are close to the inner wall of the tube, the other ends of the waste tube are connected with a waste barrel outside the tube, the waste tube is connected with a travelling stay wire 74 penetrating out of the capsule head 2 and the capsule head 2 is connected with a small-sized pipeline robot, the control signal wire 79 is connected with the outer controller.
Firstly, a small detection robot is placed in a pipeline to detect and mark a part to be treated in the pipeline, and firstly, 2m straight pipe sections are decontaminated in two steps, then the decontamination is carried out by moving to an elbow, and finally, the decontamination is carried out by moving to 1m straight pipe sections.
The small-sized pipeline robot carries a travelling stay wire 74 in a guide wire 7 to draw a decontamination capsule structure unit into a pipeline and reach a marked appointed decontamination position, two sealing tiles 6 and the inner wall of a pipe section to be treated form a closed pipe section, a central shaft controller 1 receives information transmitted by a control signal wire 79, a valve of a material conduit branch pipe is opened, decontaminating agent which is conveyed from outside the pipe to the material conduit 75 is released into the closed pipe section through the material conduit branch pipe, meanwhile, the central shaft controller opens the valve of an exhaust pipe branch pipe, exhaust gas is discharged to outside the pipe through the exhaust pipe branch pipe and the exhaust pipe 78, the closed pipe section forms negative pressure, and the closed pipe section is filled with decontaminating agent; the central shaft controller 1 receives the information transmitted by the control signal line 79, starts the ultrasonic transmitter 4 and the thermocouple 5, controls the ultrasonic frequency to be 22.4kHz, controls the temperature to be 60 ℃, and extracts the guide wire 7 in a pulse mode in the decontamination process, so that the guide wire stretches and vibrates in the decontamination device, the large scale corrosion is prevented from blocking a pipeline, and the decontamination time is 18 minutes; after the first decontamination section is completed, no decontamination agent is extracted, the decontamination process continues to the second decontamination section, after the decontamination is completed, the valve of the waste pipe branch pipe is opened by the center shaft controller 1, and the waste is extracted out of the pipe to the waste barrel through the waste pipe branch pipe and the waste pipe 76. After the waste is extracted, the waste is sent to a decontamination section of the pipeline elbow, the capsule head 2 is positioned on one side of the pipeline elbow, the capsule tail 3 is positioned on the other side of the pipeline elbow, the pipeline elbow section is sealed, a certain angle is formed between the ultrasonic heating units through the chain structure 10, the ultrasonic heating units can be positioned on the pipeline elbow section, after the decontamination device is settled in the pipeline, the relative positions of all parts in the decontamination device are fixed, then the decontamination agent is injected again, the decontamination steps are repeated, the ultrasonic device is started to strengthen decontamination, and the ultrasonic frequency and the ultrasonic temperature are the same as those of the front section. After decontamination is completed, the ultrasonic heating units are moved to a 1m straight pipe section for decontamination through a pipeline elbow section by forming a certain angle, and the steps are repeated until the decontamination operation of the whole pipe section is completed; after decontamination is completed, recycling and storing the waste chemical decontaminating agent generated by the decontamination of the whole pipeline; stripping and decontaminating the wire outer protective layer 71 of the 4.5m guide wire 7 coming out of the decontamination pipeline outlet section and disposing as low-emissivity solid waste; decontamination capsule structural units are decontaminated.
Detecting the decontaminated pipeline, and displaying the decontaminating result: the decontamination process takes 90min, and after the operation is completed, the gamma dosage rate is measured to be 55-89nGy/h, and the pollution level of the inner wall surface of the pipeline is 0.2-0.5Bq/cm 2 Greatly reduces, meets the requirements of GB18871, has a decontamination factor of 177.8 and has good decontamination effect.
Example 2
The decontamination device is used for decontaminating a primary circuit pipeline for overhauling the nuclear power station in the southeast part of China, the pipeline is made of 316 stainless steel, two ends of the pipeline are opened, the vertical placement length is 3.5m, the upper part is 1.5m, the diameter is 300mm, the diameter of the diameter-changing part of the lower part is 280mm, the length is 2m, the inner wall surface is flat, and passivation oxide films exist in partial areas. Measurement of the contamination level of the inner wall surface of the pipeline before decontamination was 69.8Bq/cm 2 The surface gamma dose rate is 5374nGy/h.
According to the decontamination device, the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 are made of modified HB35 polyurethane, the elastic modulus is 0.10-0.13MPa, the friction coefficient is 0.21-0.23, the Poisson ratio is 0.42-0.53, and the running resistance is 2.0MPa on average; the diameters of the tail parts of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 are 315mm, the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 are symmetrically arranged on the central axis controller 1, the tail parts of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 face towards the inside of the device, the sealing tile 6 is symmetrically arranged on the central axis controller 1 and positioned between the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3, the protruding part of the sealing tile 6 is connected with the tail parts of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3, the sealing tile 6 is made of PTFE, three groups of ultrasonic heating units are connected in series, each group of ultrasonic heating units comprises 6 ultrasonic transmitters 4 and 12 thermocouples 5, the ultrasonic transmitters 4 and the thermocouples 5 are arranged around the central axis controller 1, the rated power of the ultrasonic transmitters 4 is 1kW, and the detergent is HAKA neutral detergent for use and is diluted 28 times. The guide wire 7 sequentially passes through the capsule tail 3, the central shaft controller 1 and the capsule head 2 and is communicated with the outside of the tube, the guide wire 7 comprises an outer guide wire protective layer 71, an inner protective layer 73 and a radiation-resistant sacrificial layer 72 positioned between the outer protective layer and the inner protective layer, the radiation-resistant sacrificial layer 72 is made of PVA-based copolymer (see 113480896A embodiment 1), a travelling stay wire 74, a material guide tube 75, a waste tube 76, a power wire 77, an exhaust tube 78 and a control signal wire 79 are positioned in the inner protective layer 73, the material guide tube 75, the waste tube 76 and the exhaust tube 78 positioned in the central shaft controller 1 are provided with corresponding material guide tube branch pipes, waste tube branch pipes and exhaust tube branch pipes, valves are arranged on the corresponding branch pipes, the material guide tube branch pipes and the exhaust tube branch pipes extend out of the central shaft controller and are positioned between ultrasonic transmitters, the other ends of the material guide tube branch pipes are connected with a material storage outside the tube, the other ends of the exhaust tube branch pipes are connected with an exhaust device, the waste tube branch pipes extend out of the central shaft controller, the waste tube branch pipes are close to the inner wall of the tube, the other ends of the waste tube are connected with a waste barrel outside the tube, the waste tube is connected with a travelling stay wire 74 penetrating out of the capsule head 2 and the capsule head 2 is connected with a small-sized pipeline robot, the control signal wire 79 is connected with the outer controller.
Firstly, a small detection robot is put into a pipeline to detect and mark a part to be treated in the pipeline, and the 1m straight pipe section, the 1m to 2m variable diameter section and the lower tubule section are decontaminated in sequence, and the lower tubule section is decontaminated in two steps.
The small pipeline robot carries a travelling stay wire 74 in a guide wire 7 to draw a decontamination capsule structure unit into a pipeline and reach a marked appointed decontamination position, two sealing tiles 6 and the inner wall of a pipe section to be treated form a closed pipe section, a central shaft controller 1 receives information transmitted by a control signal wire 79, a valve of a material conduit branch pipe is opened, decontaminating agent which is conveyed to the material conduit 75 from outside the pipe is released into the closed pipe section through the material conduit branch pipe, meanwhile, the central shaft controller opens the valve of an exhaust pipe branch pipe, exhaust gas is discharged to outside the pipe through the exhaust pipe branch pipe and the exhaust pipe 78, the closed pipe section forms negative pressure, and the closed pipe section is filled with the decontaminating agent; the central shaft controller 1 receives the information transmitted by the control signal line 79, starts the ultrasonic transmitter 4 and the thermocouple 5, controls the ultrasonic frequency to be 28.24kHz, controls the temperature to be 65 ℃, and extracts the guide wire in a pulse mode in the decontamination process, so that the guide wire stretches and vibrates in the decontamination device to prevent the large scale rust from blocking the pipeline, and the decontamination time is 35 minutes; after the first decontamination section is finished, the middle shaft controller 1 opens a valve of a waste pipe branch pipe, extracts waste outside the pipe into a waste barrel through the waste pipe branch pipe and a waste pipe 76, after the waste is extracted, the decontamination device moves to a pipeline reducing section, decontaminating agents are injected into the closed pipe section again, the decontamination steps are repeated, an ultrasonic device is started to strengthen decontamination, the ultrasonic frequency and the ultrasonic temperature are the same as those of the front section, a second section of decontamination is started, and the waste is extracted outside the pipe into the waste barrel after the decontamination is finished; after the completion, the pipe is moved to the lower tubule section for decontamination, and the decontamination steps are repeated until the decontamination operation of the whole pipe section is completed; after decontamination is completed, recycling and storing the waste chemical decontaminating agent generated by the decontamination of the whole pipeline; stripping the 4m wire outer protective layer 71 coming out of the decontaminating tubing outlet section and disposing of as low-emissivity solid waste; decontamination capsule structural units are decontaminated.
Detecting the decontaminated pipeline, and displaying the decontaminating result: the time for the decontamination whole process is 150min, the gamma dosage rate level is 29-57nGy/h after the operation is finished, and the pollution level of the inner wall surface of the pipeline is 0.4Bq/cm 2 Meets the requirements of GB18871, has a decontamination factor of 174.5 and has good decontamination effect.
The invention has been described in detail in connection with the specific embodiments and exemplary examples thereof, but such description is not to be construed as limiting the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The chemical method on-line decontamination device for the pipeline is characterized by comprising a decontamination capsule structure unit, a guide wire (7) and a travelling stay wire (74), wherein the decontamination capsule structure unit comprises a central shaft controller (1), a capsule head (2) and a capsule tail (3), the capsule head (2) and the capsule tail (3) are arranged at two ends of the central shaft controller (1), and the guide wire (7) sequentially passes through the capsule head (2), the central shaft controller (1) and the capsule tail (3) and is led out of the decontamination device; a travelling stay wire (74) is positioned in the guide wire (7);
the guide wire (7) comprises a material guide pipe (75), a waste pipe (76) and an exhaust pipe (78), wherein the material guide pipe (75), the waste pipe (76) and the exhaust pipe (78) are provided with corresponding material guide pipe branch pipes, waste pipe branch pipes and exhaust pipe branch pipes in the center shaft controller, and are communicated with the outside of the center shaft controller;
the capsule head (2) and the capsule tail (3) are bullet-shaped, the tail parts of the capsule head (2) and the capsule tail (3) are oppositely arranged, the head parts face the outside of the device, and the whole decontamination capsule structure unit is in a capsule shape;
the decontamination capsule structure unit also comprises a sealing tile (6), the section of the sealing tile is tile-shaped, the concave part of the sealing tile faces the inside of the device, the sealing tile (6) is symmetrically arranged on the center shaft controller (1) and is positioned between the capsule head (2) and the capsule tail (3);
the decontamination capsule structure unit also comprises an ultrasonic transmitter (4) and a thermocouple (5); the ultrasonic transmitter (4) and the thermocouple (5) are positioned between the two sealing tiles (6), the ultrasonic transmitter (4) and the thermocouple (5) are all installed on the center shaft controller (1) in a surrounding mode, and the ultrasonic transmitter (4) is positioned between the thermocouple (5) and the center shaft controller (1).
2. The decontamination apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second sensors are disposed in a common plane,
the capsule head (2) and the capsule tail (3) are made of polyurethane, and the diameters of the capsule head (2) and the capsule tail (3) are 8% -20% larger than the diameter of the pipeline to be treated.
3. The decontamination apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second sensors are disposed in a common plane,
the decontamination capsule structure unit is provided with 1-6 groups of ultrasonic transmitters (4) and thermocouples (5), and each group of ultrasonic transmitters (4) and thermocouples (5) consists of 5-8 ultrasonic generators (4) and 10-16 thermocouples (5).
4. The decontamination apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second sensors are disposed in a common plane,
the guide wire (7) further comprises a power wire (77) and a control signal wire (79), and the control signal wire (79) is connected with a controller outside the pipe.
5. The decontamination apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first and second sensors are disposed in a common plane,
the guide wire (7) further comprises a wire outer protective layer (71) and an inner protective layer (73), the wire outer protective layer (71) is wrapped outside the inner protective layer (73), and the advancing stay wire (74), the material guide pipe (75), the waste pipe (76), the power wire (77), the exhaust pipe (78) and the control signal wire (79) are located in the inner protective layer (73).
6. The decontamination device of claim 5, wherein the device comprises,
the guide wire (7) further comprises a radiation-resistant sacrificial layer (72), and the radiation-resistant sacrificial layer (72) is positioned between the outer protective layer (71) and the inner protective layer (73) of the guide wire.
7. A method of decontamination by using the decontamination apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 6, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1, conveying a decontamination device to a part to be decontaminated in a pipeline through a travelling pull wire;
step 2, releasing a detergent to a to-be-treated part in the pipeline through a material conduit for chemical decontamination;
and 3, after decontamination, conveying the waste obtained after decontamination to a waste barrel outside the waste pipe through the waste pipe.
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