CN115641979A - Chemical method online decontamination device and decontamination method for pipeline - Google Patents
Chemical method online decontamination device and decontamination method for pipeline Download PDFInfo
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- CN115641979A CN115641979A CN202211318509.1A CN202211318509A CN115641979A CN 115641979 A CN115641979 A CN 115641979A CN 202211318509 A CN202211318509 A CN 202211318509A CN 115641979 A CN115641979 A CN 115641979A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
Abstract
The invention provides a chemical method online decontamination device for pipelines and a decontamination method, wherein the decontamination device comprises a decontamination capsule structure unit and a guide wire (7), the decontamination capsule structure unit comprises a central axis controller (1), a capsule head (2), a capsule tail (3) and a wire connecting port (8), the capsule head (2) and the capsule tail (3) are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the central axis controller (1), the decontamination capsule structure unit further comprises an ultrasonic emitter (4) and a thermocouple (5), and the guide wire (7) is arranged on the decontamination capsule structure unit through the wire connecting port (8). The capsule head and the capsule tail are made of materials with radial compression performance, after the capsule head and the capsule tail enter the pipeline, the pipeline to be processed can be sealed in a closed space formed by the pipeline to be processed, so that the detergent can be used for accurately and efficiently decontaminating the pipeline to be processed conveniently, and the pipeline to be processed is conveyed to the outside by a waste pipe (76) after the processing is finished, thereby avoiding secondary pollution, effectively reducing the using amount of the detergent, having no secondary operation risk, obviously improving the decontamination effect and obviously reducing the decontamination cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nuclear facility decommissioning and radiation protection, is applied to the decommissioning and maintenance process of facility equipment in development and utilization of nuclear power stations, reactors and natural radioactive mineral resources, and particularly relates to technical equipment and a method for removing radioactive pollution on the inner surface of a radioactive pollution pipeline by a chemical method.
Background
In the production and operation process of natural radioactive mineral resource development and various nuclear facilities, radioactive contamination is caused because radioactive nuclides are contaminated on the surfaces of equipment facilities due to various reasons because of production and operation activities. This type of contamination would cause potential radiation damage to the next step of the operator. Decontamination is the practice of converting the position and form of radionuclides by a combination of one or more technical measures to meet radiation management requirements.
The existing radioactive decontamination technology mainly comprises a physical method, a chemical method, an electrooxidation method and the like. The physical decontamination method is generally to remove the falling ash and weakly bound shallow radioactive substances on the outer surface by surface purification and surface removal. The physical method generally has the advantages of low technical threshold, high decontamination speed, simple process control, low cost and the like, but has the disadvantages of difficult secondary pollution control, high secondary hazard, unsuitability for decontamination under complex conditions and high damage to workpieces after decontamination. Typical decontamination methods are: wiping, high-pressure fluid jet, shot blasting decontamination, dry ice, ultrasonic cleaning, laser decontamination, and the like.
The chemical decontamination is to remove the dirt, paint coating, oxidation film and the like with radionuclide on the inner and outer surfaces of the facility to be retired by utilizing the chemical actions of dissolution, oxidation reduction, complexation, chelation, passivation, corrosion inhibition, surface wetting and the like of the chemical decontamination agent. The technology is widely used for decontaminating the surface of pipelines, components, equipment and facilities with fixed pollution. The chemical detergents are widely classified into acids, alkalis, oxidation-reduction agents, complexing agents, surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, and the like.
The electrochemical decontamination is to remove the thin film layer on the metal surface polluted by radioactivity by the electrochemical dissolution principle, thereby achieving the purpose of decontamination. The method is suitable for deep decontamination of the surfaces of carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum and other metals generated in the decommissioning process of nuclear facilities so as to realize cleaning, controlling and recycling.
However, the mechanism of radioactive pollution formation and removal is not completely clear, and the practical operation process still has the defects of low integration level of technical equipment, insufficient maturity, high decontamination cost and the like; meanwhile, secondary pollution and secondary harm are not easy to control; the decontamination process is complex, and the decontamination time is long; and the problem that decontamination operations are not easily controlled for the damage caused by contaminated equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical background, the inventor designs an online chemical decontamination device for pipelines, which comprises a decontamination capsule structure unit and a guide wire, wherein the decontamination capsule structure unit comprises a center shaft controller, a capsule head, a capsule tail and a conductive connecting port, the capsule head and the capsule tail are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the center shaft controller, the guide wire is arranged on the decontamination capsule structure unit through the conductive connecting port, the capsule head and the capsule tail are made of materials with certain elasticity, a part to be treated in the pipeline can be sealed in a closed space, the pipeline to be treated is accurately and efficiently decontaminated by the decontamination agent, secondary pollution caused by the fact that treated waste materials flow to other parts of the pipeline or outside the pipeline is avoided, the decontamination effect is further improved by ultrasound and heating, the using amount of the decontamination agent is effectively reduced, the remote accurate decontamination agent can be realized, secondary operation risk is avoided, the decontamination effect is effectively improved, and the decontamination cost is reduced.
The invention provides a chemical method online decontamination device for pipelines, which comprises a decontamination capsule structure unit, a guide wire 7 and a traveling pull wire 74, wherein the decontamination capsule structure unit comprises a central axis controller 1, a capsule head 2 and a capsule tail 3, the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 are arranged at two ends of the central axis controller 1, and the guide wire 7 sequentially passes through the capsule head 2, the central axis controller 1 and the capsule tail 3 and leads to the outside of the decontamination device; the travel pull wire 74 is located in the guide wire 7;
the guide line 7 comprises a material guide pipe 75, a waste pipe 76 and an exhaust pipe 78, wherein the material guide pipe 75, the waste pipe 76 and the exhaust pipe 78 are provided with corresponding material guide pipe branch pipes, waste pipe branch pipes and exhaust pipe branch pipes in the center shaft controller and are communicated with the outside of the center shaft controller.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for decontamination using the decontamination apparatus of the first aspect of the present invention, the method comprising the steps of:
step 2, releasing the chemical agent to a part to be treated in the pipeline through a material conduit for chemical decontamination;
and 3, after decontamination, conveying the waste obtained after decontamination to a waste cylinder outside the pipe through a waste pipe.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a detergent-type capsule structural unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a detergent-type capsule building block according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a guidewire according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1-a central axis controller;
2-capsule head;
3-capsule tail;
4-an ultrasound transmitter;
5-a thermocouple;
6-sealing tiles;
7-a guide wire;
71-a wire outer protective layer;
72-a radiation-resistant sacrificial layer;
73-an inner protective layer;
74-a travel pull wire;
75-a material conduit;
76-a waste pipe;
77-power line;
78-exhaust pipe;
79-control signal lines;
8-wire connection port;
9-a pipeline to be decontaminated;
10-chain structure.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below, and features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and apparent as the description proceeds.
The invention provides a chemical method online decontamination device for pipelines, which comprises a decontamination capsule structure unit, a guide wire 7 and a traveling pull wire 74, wherein the decontamination capsule structure unit is integrally in a capsule shape and comprises a central axis controller 1, a capsule head 2 and a capsule tail 3, the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the central axis controller 1, and the guide wire 7 sequentially passes through the capsule head 2, the central axis controller 1 and the capsule tail 3 to be connected with the outside of a pipe.
The traveling pull wire 74 is positioned in the guide wire 7, the traveling pull wire 74 which penetrates out of the capsule head 2 is connected with a small-sized pipeline robot, and the decontamination device is dragged by the small-sized pipeline robot to travel in the pipeline.
The guide line 7 comprises a material guide pipe 75, a waste pipe 76 and an exhaust pipe 78, wherein the material guide pipe 75, the waste pipe 76 and the exhaust pipe 78 are provided with corresponding material guide pipe branch pipes, waste pipe branch pipes and exhaust pipe branch pipes in the center shaft controller and are communicated with the outside of the center shaft controller.
The middle shaft controller 1 is a rigid structure and is used for connecting all parts, receiving instruction parameters of a control signal line 79 connected with the outside-pipe controller, converting the instruction parameters into operation parameters, controlling switches of the ultrasonic emitter and the thermocouple, adjusting the power frequency of the ultrasonic emitter and the heating temperature of the thermocouple, controlling valves of a material guide pipe, a waste material pipe and an exhaust pipe in the decontamination device, controlling the material inlet and outlet, the retention time and the like. The controller of the device is arranged outside the pipe, transmits a signal instruction to the center shaft controller through the control signal line, and controls each part in the decontamination device through the center shaft controller, so that remote control is realized, and the failure of excessive control electronic devices in the device in a radioactive environment is avoided.
The guide wire is a connecting wire of the decontamination device and is used for providing control signals, equipment power and detergent material for the decontamination device in the pipeline and providing a sewage discharge pipeline.
In the guide line 7, the material conduit 75 is connected with the material storage outside the pipe and is used for conveying the decontaminant in the material storage outside the pipe into the pipe, the material conduit 75 in the central axis controller 1 is provided with a corresponding material conduit branch pipe, the branch pipe extends out of the central axis controller and is positioned between the ultrasonic transmitters, a valve is arranged on the material conduit branch pipe, the central axis controller 1 receives signals transmitted by a control signal line 79 to control the opening and closing of the valve, the decontaminant conveyed outside the pipe can be released into the closed space of the pipe to be treated through the guide line 7 and the material conduit branch pipe, and the material conduit 75 is provided with one or more pipes, so that different kinds of decontaminants can be stored and conveyed according to different decontamination environments.
The waste pipe 76 is connected to the waste cylinder outside the pipe, the waste pipe in the center shaft controller 1 has a corresponding waste pipe branch pipe which extends out of the center shaft controller and is close to the inner wall of the pipe, a valve is installed on the waste pipe branch pipe, after decontamination is completed, the center shaft controller receives a signal transmitted by a control signal line, the valve of the waste pipe branch pipe is opened, and the waste generated after treatment is conveyed to the waste cylinder outside the pipe by the waste pipe branch pipe and the waste pipe 76.
The exhaust pipe 78 is connected to an external exhaust device, and the exhaust pipe in the central axis controller 1 has a corresponding exhaust pipe branch pipe extending from the central axis controller to the ultrasonic transmitter, the branch pipe having a control valve, and the central axis controller can open the valve to exhaust or suck air after receiving an opening instruction.
On one hand, the exhaust pipe 78 has the function of balancing the pressure inside and outside the pipeline, when negative pressure or positive pressure is formed in the pipeline, the decontamination device is difficult to move in the pipeline, and at the moment, the exhaust pipe exhausts or exhausts air into the pipeline to keep the pressure of the decontamination device equal to the pressure outside the pipeline, so that the decontamination device can move in the pipeline conveniently; on the other hand, when the waste pipe works, the exhaust pipe is used for exhausting air to the outside of the pipe, so that negative pressure is formed in the pipe, waste generated in the pipe is sucked into the waste pipe and is discharged out of the pipe. Meanwhile, the exhaust pipe can be opened in the process of injecting the chemical decontaminating agent, the pressure of the closed section is balanced, the decontaminating agent can be ensured to be filled in a closed space formed by the capsule head and the capsule tail, the generation of a cavity is avoided, the decontaminating agent is fully contacted with the inner wall of the pipeline, and the decontamination effect is improved.
Preferably, the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 are bullet-shaped, the tail parts (i.e. the ends with relatively larger diameters) of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 are oppositely arranged, the head parts (i.e. the ends with relatively smaller diameters) face to the outside of the device, so that the integral decontamination type capsule structural unit is in a capsule shape, and the shapes and the installation modes of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 are convenient for the decontamination device to extend into a pipeline and reduce the traveling resistance of the decontamination device in the pipeline.
More preferably, the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 are made of polyurethane, preferably polyurethane having an elastic modulus of 0.05 to 0.2MPa, a friction coefficient of 0.1 to 0.5, and a poisson's ratio of 0.4 to 0.7.
The capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 made of polyurethane can realize the maximum radial compression of 20%, and the diameter of the tail of the capsule head 2 and the tail of the capsule tail 3 is more than 8-20%, preferably 8-15% and more preferably 10-12% of the diameter of a pipeline to be treated.
The material can realize radial compression, is convenient to enter a pipeline system with a slightly smaller inner diameter, and can be compressed to enter a pipeline to a certain degree by the shape and the installation mode of the capsule head and the capsule tail, so that the pipeline to be treated is positioned in a closed space formed by the capsule head and the capsule tail, and the decontamination agent is convenient to decontaminate the section of pipeline. And the polyurethane has certain strength, and can form certain friction with the inner wall of the pipeline in the advancing process to scrape and drop substances adhered to the inner wall of the pipeline. In addition, the polyurethane material with radial elasticity can also be suitable for reducing pipelines, and the decontamination device is suitable for pipelines with certain diameters.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the decontamination type capsule structure unit further comprises a sealing tile 6, the cross section of the sealing tile 6 is tile-shaped, the concave part of the sealing tile is towards the inside of the device, as shown in fig. 1, two sealing tiles 6 are symmetrically arranged on the central axis controller 1 and positioned between the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3, and the two sealing tiles are respectively connected with the tail parts of the capsule head 2 and the capsule head 3. The sealing shoe 6 can further seal the pipe to be treated, preventing the flow of decontaminant and waste material out of the apparatus.
The material of the sealing tile 6 is selected from one or more of acid-resistant high polymer materials with certain elasticity, and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is preferred.
The sealing tile 6 has the function of further sealing the decontaminating agent and the waste material, the materials have certain elasticity, are soft sealing materials, can realize the sealing effect on liquid under the action of certain pressure, and have acid resistance and corrosion resistance, so that the decontaminating agent can be sealed in a closed environment.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the decontamination-type capsule structural unit further includes a wire connection port 8, an ultrasonic emitter 4, and a thermocouple 5.
The lead connecting port 8 is positioned at the middle part of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 and is used for connecting a guide wire 7.
The ultrasonic emitter 4 and the thermocouple 5 are located between two sealing tiles 6 and are installed in the middle of the central axis controller 1, the ultrasonic emitter 4 and the thermocouple 5 are installed on the central axis controller 1 in a surrounding manner, and the ultrasonic emitter 4 is located between the thermocouple 5 and the central axis controller 1, as shown in fig. 2.
The installation mode of the surrounding central axis controller can effectively ensure that all directions and parts in the pipeline to be processed can be acted by the ultrasonic generator and the thermocouple.
According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, each decontamination-type capsule structure unit has 1-6 groups of ultrasonic transmitters and thermocouple groups, each group of ultrasonic transmitters and thermocouple groups is composed of 5-8 ultrasonic generators 4 and 10-16 thermocouples 5; preferably, there are 2-4 sets of ultrasound emitters and thermocouples, each set consisting of 6-7 ultrasound emitters 4 and 12-14 thermocouples 5, as shown in fig. 2.
The ultrasonic transmitter 4 and the thermocouple 5 are controlled by the middle shaft controller 1, the middle shaft controller 1 receives a signal transmitted by the control signal line 79 from the outside-pipe controller, controls the decontamination temperature of a gap between the thermocouple 5 adjusting device and the inner wall of the pipeline, and opens the ultrasonic transmitter 4 to generate an ultrasonic strengthening effect, and the ultrasonic transmitter and the thermocouple jointly strengthen the decontamination effect to realize strengthened decontamination of the inner wall of the pipeline.
The minimum distance between the thermocouple 5 and the inner wall of the pipe 9 to be decontaminated exceeds 25% of the radius of the pipe, preferably 30% of the radius of the pipe, ensuring a sufficiently large enclosed space between the thermocouple 5 and the pipe 9 to be decontaminated, in which the decontaminating means release the decontaminating agent to decontaminate the pipe to be treated, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom bracket controller 1 and the set of ultrasonic transmitters and thermocouple set form a set of ultrasonic heating units, each decontamination capsule unit comprises 1-6 sets of ultrasonic heating units, the ultrasonic heating units are connected in series in sequence, preferably in series in sequence through a chain structure 10, and the chain structure 10 is installed at two ends of the bottom bracket controller, as shown in fig. 1. The chain structure is relatively short and consists of only 2-3 sections.
When a plurality of groups of ultrasonic heating units are connected in series, the guide wire 7 between two adjacent middle shaft controllers 1 is exposed in the air and is adjacent to the connecting structure.
Compare through the mode that multiunit ultrasonic heating unit establishes ties with the mode that only links to each other through the axis controller, multiunit ultrasonic heating unit is more convenient for connect to the length of decontamination pipeline section to the connected mode of chain series connection, improves decontamination efficiency, and this kind of connected mode makes and can buckle into certain angle between the ultrasonic heating unit simultaneously, is convenient for decontamination device passes through complicated pipeline structures such as pipeline elbow section, pipeline reducing section and valve. Meanwhile, the chain structure is relatively short, a certain supporting effect is achieved, the ultrasonic heating units are prevented from shaking up and down greatly, and the small-amplitude shaking is beneficial to improving the decontamination effect.
When 2 groups or more than 2 groups of ultrasonic heating units are connected in series, the ultrasonic heating units at two ends are respectively arranged on the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 through the central axis controller 1, the sealing tile 6 is positioned between the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3, the sealing tile 6 is respectively positioned on the ultrasonic heating units at two ends, so that the relative positions of the central axis controller 1, the capsule head 2, the capsule tail 3 and the sealing tile 6 are fixed, and the ultrasonic heating unit in the middle is connected with the adjacent ultrasonic heating units through the chain structure 10 connected to two ends of the central axis controller 1.
The cleaning device is integrally dumbbell-shaped, the cleaning device is not integrally sealed, the ultrasonic effect of an ultrasonic field can be reduced in a sealing mode, the cleaning effect is reduced, meanwhile, the friction force between the cleaning device and the inner wall of the pipeline and the advancing resistance of the cleaning device in the pipeline can be reduced by the dumbbell-shaped cleaning device, and the cleaning device is more convenient to pass through complicated pipeline structures such as bent sections of the pipeline.
A layer of stainless steel is arranged on the middle shaft controller 1, the ultrasonic transmitter 4 and the thermocouple 5, so that the equipment is prevented from being corroded and damaged in the decontamination process.
The guidewire 7 also includes a travel pull wire 74, a power wire 77 and a control signal wire 79, the power wire 77 is connected to an external power source to provide power to the ultrasound transmitter and thermocouple in the decontamination device.
The control signal line 79 is connected with the controller outside the tube and is used for transmitting information instructions to the central axis controller to realize remote operation of the decontamination device.
The decontamination device does not adopt a power supply as advancing power, the decontamination device is pulled to advance by the advancing pull wire 74, the advancing pull wire 74 is positioned in the middle part of the guide wire 7, the stability of the whole decontamination device in the advancing process is ensured, the complexity of the decontamination device is reduced by the mechanical pulling action of the advancing pull wire 74, and meanwhile, secondary pollution and the generation of a large amount of radioactive wastewater are avoided, so that the decontamination device is more suitable for the nuclear industry field.
The travelling pull wire 74 is a steel wire rope, preferably a 7-10mm IWR or IWS steel wire rope, and because the diameters of the capsule head and the capsule tail are larger than the diameter of the inside of the pipe, the whole decontamination device needs to overcome large resistance in the travelling process in the pipeline, and the travelling pull wire made of the materials can ensure the smooth movement of the decontamination device in the pipeline.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the guide wire 7 further comprises a wire outer protective layer 71 and an inner protective layer 73, the cross section of the inner protective layer 73 is circular, the wire outer protective layer is wrapped outside the inner protective layer 73, and the traveling pull wire 74, the material conduit 75, the waste pipe 76, the power supply wire 77, the exhaust pipe 78 and the control signal wire 79 are positioned in the inner protective layer 73.
The inner protective layer 73 is used for fixing the positions of the travelling pull wire 74, the material guide pipe 75, the waste material pipe 76, the power supply wire 77, the exhaust pipe 78 and the control signal wire 79 in the guide wire, and the pipelines and the guide wires are prevented from being intertwined with each other to influence the decontamination process.
The outer protection layer of the lead wire has the function of providing external protection for the lead wire, and the outer protection layer of the lead wire can be directly stripped and discarded after the decontamination process is finished.
According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lead wire 7 further includes a radiation-resistant sacrificial layer 72, and the radiation-resistant sacrificial layer 72 is located between the wire outer protective layer 71 and the inner protective layer 73. As shown in fig. 3.
The material of the radiation-resistant sacrificial layer 72 in the present invention is preferably a polymer of one or more selected from PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), CMC (sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose), MMA (methyl methacrylate), and more preferably a PVA-based copolymer.
The radiation-resistant sacrificial layer 72 is used for protecting the components inside the wire from being polluted by nuclear radiation, and after the decontamination device finishes decontamination, the wire outer protective layer 71 is automatically peeled off and recycled to be treated as low-emission solid waste.
The decontamination device can be composed of one or more decontamination capsule structure units connected in series through a guide wire, and a plurality of ultrasonic heating units can be sequentially connected in series in each decontamination capsule structure unit, so that the long pipeline to be treated is decontaminated simultaneously, and the decontamination efficiency is effectively improved.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for decontamination using the decontamination apparatus of the first aspect of the present invention, wherein a small-sized detection robot is preferably placed in the pipeline to detect and mark the part to be treated in the pipeline before decontamination. The method comprises the following steps:
then the pipeline section to be decontaminated is led to the pipeline section to be decontaminated by a small-sized pipeline robot through a guide wire on the decontamination device, and the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 seal the pipeline section to be decontaminated to form a closed pipeline section space.
Step 2, releasing the decontaminating agent to a part to be treated in the pipeline through a material conduit to carry out chemical decontamination;
after the decontamination device moves to a part to be decontaminated, the central axis controller receives a signal and then controls the valve of the material conduit 75 in the guide wire 7 to be opened, and the decontaminant is released into a closed space formed by the device and the pipeline 9 to be treated.
The detergent includes common radioactive decontamination chemicals, including acidic detergents and alkaline detergents, preferably containing one or more of tetravalent cerium, nitric acid, potassium permanganate, such as HAKA neutral detergent.
In the process of injecting the decontaminant into the closed space, the central axis controller receives the instruction of a control signal line 79 connected with the remote controller and then opens a valve of the exhaust pipe 78 to exhaust the air in the closed pipe section, so as to ensure that the decontaminant can be filled in the closed space formed by the device and the pipeline.
After the enclosed space is filled with the decontaminating agent, the central axis controller 1 receives the instruction of the control signal line 79 to turn on the ultrasonic transmitter 4 and the thermocouple 5,
the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic emitter is controlled to be 15-35 kHz, preferably 17-33 kHz, and more preferably 20-30 kHz. The decontamination effect of the decontaminating agent in the closed pipeline is promoted through the ultrasonic strengthening effect, the inner wall of the pipeline cannot be damaged under the ultrasonic frequency, the nondestructive and efficient decontamination of the inner wall of the pipeline can be realized, the secondary pollution is reduced, and no secondary operation harm exists.
The decontamination temperature of the thermocouple is controlled to be 40-80 ℃, preferably 50-70 ℃, and more preferably 60-70 ℃.
And 3, after decontamination, conveying the waste obtained after decontamination to a waste cylinder outside the pipe through a waste pipe.
After decontamination is finished, if the decontamination field is discontinuous, the central axis controller 1 receives an instruction of a control signal wire 79 to open a valve of the waste pipe 76 in the guide wire 7, the control signal wire 79 is connected with the remote controller, and waste in the closed space is sucked into the waste pipe 76 under the action of negative pressure and is discharged to a waste barrel outside the pipe along the waste pipe 76.
If the pipe is a continuous decontamination pipe, after the waste is discharged, the small-sized pipeline robot pulls the travelling pull wire 74 to travel to the next decontamination pipe section, the material guide pipe 75 and the valve of the exhaust pipe 78 are opened after the central shaft controller 1 receives an instruction, the ultrasonic emitter 4 and the thermocouple 5 are opened after the material is filled, the ultrasonic frequency and the temperature of the ultrasonic emitter 4 and the thermocouple 5 are controlled within the ranges, after decontamination is completed, the valve of the waste pipe 76 is opened, the waste in the sealed pipe section is discharged to a waste barrel outside the pipe, and the reinforced decontamination process is continuously repeated until the decontamination operation of the whole pipe section is completed.
And (3) recovering waste chemical decontaminant generated by decontamination of the whole pipeline in the decontamination device, automatically stripping and recovering the outer wire protective layer 71 of the decontamination device on site, treating the waste as low-radiation solid waste, and completely decontaminating the outer wire protective layer 71 and the decontamination device.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) By adopting the decontamination device and the decontamination method, the nondestructive, efficient and continuous decontamination of the inner wall of a complex pipeline system is realized under the condition of teleoperation;
(2) The decontamination device and the decontamination method can realize accurate and efficient removal of the pollutants on the inner wall of the pipeline under the controlled and strengthened condition, the decontamination effect is more than twice that of the common chemical decontamination, and the decontamination factor reaches more than 170;
(3) The decontamination device and the decontamination method of the invention consume the medicament quantity, the decontamination process has small damage degree to the system structural part, and the generated secondary pollutants are reduced by more than 80 percent compared with the conventional method;
(4) The decontamination device can realize nondestructive efficient continuous decontamination operation on the inner walls of reducing pipes, elbows and three-way pipe systems under the condition of remote operation;
(5) Compared with the conventional decontamination method, the decontamination device and the decontamination method of the invention realize the full-pipeline decontamination of the chemical agent, greatly reduce the secondary operation risk of the chemical decontamination and simultaneously reduce the decontamination cost by more than 40 percent.
Examples
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting to the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The decontamination device disclosed by the invention is used for decontaminating the underground air pipe of the ventilation system of the southern uranium mine. The air pipe is made of cast iron, the diameter of the air pipe is 600mm, the air pipe is L-shaped as a whole, the lengths of two straight pipe sections are respectively 1m and 2m, the middle part of the air pipe is provided with a 90-degree elbow, the inner wall surface of the air pipe is basically flat, and most parts of the air pipe are in a rusty state and contain dust and loose oxides. The surface pollution level of the inner wall of the pipeline is measured to be 88.9-188.5Bq/cm before decontamination 2 The surface gamma dose rate is in the range of 357-674nGy/h.
The decontamination device is used for decontaminating the pipeline, the material of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 is modified HB66 polyurethane, the elastic modulus of the modified HB66 polyurethane is 0.11MPa, the friction coefficient is 0.22, the Poisson ratio is 0.51, the average traveling resistance is 1.6MPa, the tail diameters of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 are 660mm, the decontamination device comprises three groups of ultrasonic heating units which are sequentially connected in series, each chain structure comprises 2 sections, the ultrasonic heating unit in the middle is connected with the ultrasonic heating units of a necklace through the chain structure 10 connected to the two ends of the central shaft controller 1, the central shaft controllers 1 in the ultrasonic heating units at the two ends are respectively arranged in the middle positions of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3, the tail parts of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 face towards the device, the sealing tile 6 is arranged in the middle of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3, the bulge part of the sealing tile 6 is connected with the tail parts of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3, the material of the sealing tile 6 is used, each group of the ultrasonic heating units comprises 6 ultrasonic emitters 4 and 12 thermocouples which surround the 4 and 12, the PTFE emitters are respectively, the HAKA 5, the ultrasonic emitters are used for controlling the ultrasonic emitters, and the HAkW 5, and the ultrasonic emitters are respectively used for controlling the use, and the ultrasonic emitters are 30 times of the ultrasonic emitters. The guide line 7 sequentially passes through the capsule tail 3, the middle shaft controller 1 and the capsule head 2 and is communicated with the outside of the capsule, the guide line 7 comprises a guide line outer protective layer 71, an inner protective layer 73 and a radiation-resistant sacrificial layer 72 positioned between the outer protective layer and the inner protective layer, the radiation-resistant sacrificial layer 72 is made of PVA-based copolymer (see 113480896A example 1), a travelling pull line 74, a material conduit 75, a waste conduit 76, a power line 77, an exhaust pipe 78 and a control signal line 79 are positioned in the inner protective layer 73, the material conduit 75, the waste conduit 76 and the exhaust pipe 78 positioned in the middle shaft controller 1 are provided with corresponding material conduit branch pipes, waste conduit branch pipes and exhaust pipe branch pipes, valves are arranged on the corresponding branch pipes, the material conduit branch pipes and the exhaust pipe branch pipes extend out of the middle shaft controller and are positioned between the ultrasonic transmitters, the other ends of the material conduit pipes are connected with a material storage device outside the capsule head, the other ends of the exhaust pipes are connected with an exhaust device, the waste conduit branch pipes extend out of the middle shaft controller, the waste conduit branch pipes are close to the inner walls of the waste pipes, the waste conduit branch pipes are connected with a small pulling line signal transmission controller 79, and the central shaft controller is connected with the waste pipe controller 79.
A small detection robot is placed in a pipeline to detect and mark a to-be-processed part in the pipeline, the 2m straight pipe section is decontaminated in two steps, then the pipeline is moved to an elbow to decontaminate, and finally the pipeline is moved to the 1m straight pipe section to decontaminate.
A small-sized pipeline robot carries a traveling pull wire 74 in a guide wire 7 to pull a decontamination capsule structure unit to enter a pipeline and reach a marked specified decontamination position, two sealing tiles 6 and the inner wall of a pipeline section to be treated form a sealed pipeline section, a center shaft controller 1 receives information transmitted by a control signal wire 79, a valve of a material conduit branch pipe is opened, a decontaminant conveyed from the outside of the pipeline to a material conduit 75 is released into the sealed pipeline section through the material conduit branch pipe, simultaneously the center shaft controller opens the valve of an exhaust pipe branch pipe, the outside of the pipeline is exhausted through the exhaust pipe branch pipe and an exhaust pipe 78, the sealed pipeline section forms negative pressure, and the sealed pipeline section is filled with the decontaminant; the central axis controller 1 receives the information transmitted by the control signal line 79, starts the ultrasonic emitter 4 and the thermocouple 5, controls the ultrasonic frequency to be 22.4kHz, the temperature to be 60 ℃, and extracts the guide wire 7 in a pulse mode in the decontamination process, so that the guide wire can stretch and vibrate in the decontamination device, the pipeline is prevented from being blocked by large blocks of rust, and the decontamination time is 18 minutes; after the first decontamination section is finished, the decontamination agent is not extracted, the central shaft controller 1 continues to go to the second decontamination section for decontamination, and after decontamination is finished, the central shaft controller 1 opens the valve of the waste pipe branch pipe, and the waste is extracted out of the pipe to the waste bucket through the waste pipe branch pipe and the waste pipe 76. After the waste materials are pumped out, the capsule head 2 is located on one side of the pipeline elbow, the capsule tail 3 is located on the other side of the pipeline elbow, the pipeline elbow is sealed, a certain angle is formed between the ultrasonic heating units through the chain structure 10, the ultrasonic heating units can be located on the pipeline elbow, after the decontamination device is located in the pipeline, the relative positions of all parts in the decontamination device are fixed, then the decontamination agent is injected again, the decontamination step is repeated, the ultrasonic device is started to carry out enhanced decontamination, and the ultrasonic frequency and the temperature are the same as those of the front section. After decontamination is finished, the ultrasonic heating units are moved to a 1m straight pipe section through a pipe elbow section by forming a certain angle for decontamination, and the steps are repeated until decontamination operation of the whole pipe section is finished; after decontamination is finished, recovering and storing waste chemical decontaminants generated by the decontamination of the whole pipeline; stripping and washing the outer protective layer 71 of the lead wire of the 4.5m guide wire 7 from the outlet section of the decontamination pipeline, and then disposing the lead wire as low-emission solid waste; and (5) washing and disinfecting the decontamination type capsule structure unit.
And (3) detecting the pipeline after decontamination, wherein the decontamination result shows that: the whole decontamination process is carried out for 90min, after the operation is finished, the measured gamma dose rate ranges from 55 to 89nGy/h, and the surface pollution level of the inner wall of the pipeline is 0.2 to 0.5Bq/cm 2 Greatly reduces the pollution, meets the GB18871 requirement, has the decontamination factor reaching 177.8 and has good decontamination effect.
Example 2
The decontamination device is used for decontaminating a primary circuit pipeline for overhauling a nuclear power station in the southeast of China, the pipeline is made of 316 stainless steel, two ends of the pipeline are opened, the length of the pipeline is 3.5m, the upper part of the pipeline is 1.5m, the diameter of the pipeline is 300mm, the diameter of the diameter-variable part at the lower part of the pipeline is 280mm, the length of the pipeline is 2m, the inner wall surface of the pipeline is flat, and a passivation oxide film exists in part of the area. The surface pollution level of the inner wall of the pipeline is measured to be 69.8Bq/cm before decontamination 2 The surface gamma dose rate is 5374nGy/h.
The decontamination device disclosed by the invention adopts modified HB35 polyurethane as the material of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3, the elastic modulus is 0.10-0.13MPa, the friction coefficient is 0.21-0.23, the Poisson ratio is 0.42-0.53, and the average advancing resistance is 2.0MPa; the diameter of the tail parts of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 is 315mm, the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 are symmetrically arranged on the central axis controller 1, the tail parts of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3 face the device, the sealing tile 6 is symmetrically arranged on the central axis controller 1 and is positioned between the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3, the bulge part of the sealing tile 6 is connected with the tail parts of the capsule head 2 and the capsule tail 3, the sealing tile 6 is made of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), three groups of ultrasonic heating units are connected in series, each group of ultrasonic heating units comprises 6 ultrasonic emitters 4 and 12 thermocouples 5, the ultrasonic emitters 4 and the thermocouples 5 are arranged around the central axis controller 1, the rated power of the ultrasonic emitters 4 is 1kW, and the detergents are HAKA neutral detergents and diluted by 28 times. The guide line 7 sequentially passes through the capsule tail 3, the middle shaft controller 1 and the capsule head 2 and is communicated with the outside of the capsule, the guide line 7 comprises a guide line outer protective layer 71, an inner protective layer 73 and a radiation-resistant sacrificial layer 72 positioned between the outer protective layer and the inner protective layer, the radiation-resistant sacrificial layer 72 is made of PVA-based copolymer (see 113480896A example 1), a travelling pull line 74, a material conduit 75, a waste conduit 76, a power line 77, an exhaust pipe 78 and a control signal line 79 are positioned in the inner protective layer 73, the material conduit 75, the waste conduit 76 and the exhaust pipe 78 positioned in the middle shaft controller 1 are provided with corresponding material conduit branch pipes, waste conduit branch pipes and exhaust pipe branch pipes, valves are arranged on the corresponding branch pipes, the material conduit branch pipes and the exhaust pipe branch pipes extend out of the middle shaft controller and are positioned between the ultrasonic transmitters, the other ends of the material conduit pipes are connected with a material storage device outside the capsule head, the other ends of the exhaust pipes are connected with an exhaust device, the waste conduit branch pipes extend out of the middle shaft controller, the waste conduit branch pipes are close to the inner walls of the waste pipes, the waste conduit branch pipes are connected with a small pulling line signal transmission controller 79, and the central shaft controller is connected with the waste pipe controller 79.
Firstly, a small detection robot is placed in a pipeline to detect and mark a part to be processed in the pipeline, a 1m straight pipe section, a 1m to 2m diameter-variable section and a lower thin pipe section are decontaminated in sequence, and the lower thin pipe section is decontaminated in two steps.
A small-sized pipeline robot carries a traveling pull wire 74 in a guide wire 7 to pull a decontamination capsule structure unit to enter a pipeline and reach a marked specified decontamination position, two sealing tiles 6 and the inner wall of a pipeline section to be treated form a closed pipeline section, a central axis controller 1 receives information transmitted by a control signal wire 79, a valve of a material conduit branch pipe is opened, a decontaminant conveyed to a material conduit 75 from the outside of the pipeline is released into the closed pipeline section through the material conduit branch pipe, simultaneously the central axis controller opens the valve of an exhaust pipe branch pipe, and the gas is exhausted to the outside of the pipeline through the exhaust pipe branch pipe and an exhaust pipe 78, so that the closed pipeline section forms negative pressure and is matched with the decontaminant to fill the closed pipeline section; the central axis controller 1 receives the information transmitted by the control signal line 79, starts the ultrasonic emitter 4 and the thermocouple 5, controls the ultrasonic frequency to be 28.24kHz, the temperature to be 65 ℃, and extracts the guide wire in a pulse mode in the decontamination process, so that the guide wire can stretch and vibrate in the decontamination device, the pipeline is prevented from being blocked by large blocks of rust, and the decontamination time is 35 minutes; after the first decontamination section is finished, the central axis controller 1 opens a valve of a waste pipe branch pipe, the waste is pumped out of the pipe to a waste barrel through the waste pipe branch pipe and a waste pipe 76, after the waste is pumped out, a decontamination device moves to a pipeline reducing section, a decontaminant is injected into a sealed pipe section again, the decontamination step is repeated, an ultrasonic device is started to perform enhanced decontamination, the ultrasonic frequency and the temperature are the same as those of the front section, the second section of decontamination is started, and after the decontamination is finished, the waste is pumped out of the waste barrel; after the decontamination operation is finished, moving the pipe section to the lower thin pipe section for decontamination, and repeating the decontamination step until the decontamination operation of the whole pipe section is finished; after decontamination is completed, recycling and storing the waste chemical decontaminant generated by the decontamination of the whole pipeline; peeling off the 4m wire outer protective layer 71 coming out of the outlet section of the decontamination pipeline and disposing as low-emission solid waste; and (5) performing decontamination on the decontamination capsule structure unit.
And (3) detecting the decontaminated pipeline, wherein the decontamination result shows that: the whole decontamination process is carried out for 150min, after the operation is finished, the gamma dose rate level is 29-57nGy/h, and the surface pollution level of the inner wall of the pipeline is 0.4Bq/cm 2 Meets the GB18871 requirement, the decontamination factor reaches 174.5, and the decontamination effect is good.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The chemical online decontamination device for the pipeline is characterized by comprising a decontamination type capsule structure unit, a guide wire (7) and a traveling pull wire (74), wherein the decontamination type capsule structure unit comprises a central axis controller (1), a capsule head (2) and a capsule tail (3), the capsule head (2) and the capsule tail (3) are arranged at two ends of the central axis controller (1), and the guide wire (7) sequentially penetrates through the capsule head (2), the central axis controller (1) and the capsule tail (3) and leads out of the decontamination device; the advancing pull wire (74) is positioned in the guide wire (7);
the guide line (7) comprises a material guide pipe (75), a waste pipe (76) and an exhaust pipe (78), wherein the material guide pipe (75), the waste pipe (76) and the exhaust pipe (78) are provided with a material guide pipe branch pipe, a waste pipe branch pipe and an exhaust pipe branch pipe which correspond to each other in the center shaft controller and are communicated with the outside of the center shaft controller.
2. The decontamination device of claim 1,
the capsule head (2) and the capsule tail (3) are bullet-shaped, the tail parts of the capsule head (2) and the capsule tail (3) are oppositely arranged, the head parts of the capsule head (2) and the capsule tail (3) face the outside of the device, and the whole decontamination capsule structure unit is in a capsule shape.
3. The decontamination device of claim 2,
the capsule head (2) and the capsule tail (3) are made of polyurethane, and the diameter of the tail of the capsule head (2) and the capsule tail (3) is 8-20% larger than that of the pipeline to be treated.
4. The on-line decontamination device of claim 1,
the decontamination type capsule structure unit also comprises a sealing tile (6), the cross section of the sealing tile is tile-shaped, the concave part of the sealing tile faces the inside of the device, and the sealing tile (6) is symmetrically arranged on the central axis controller (1) and is positioned between the capsule head (2) and the capsule tail (3).
5. The decontamination device of claim 1,
the decontamination type capsule structure unit also comprises an ultrasonic emitter (4) and a thermocouple (5);
the ultrasonic transmitter (4) and the thermocouple (5) are located between the two sealing tiles (6), the ultrasonic transmitter (4) and the thermocouple (5) are installed on the central axis controller (1) in a surrounding mode, and the ultrasonic transmitter (4) is located between the thermocouple (5) and the central axis controller (1).
6. The decontamination device of claim 5,
the decontamination capsule structure unit is provided with 1-6 groups of ultrasonic transmitters (4) and thermocouples (5), and each group of ultrasonic transmitters (4) and thermocouples (5) consists of 5-8 ultrasonic generators (4) and 10-16 thermocouples (5).
7. The decontamination device of claim 1,
the guide wire (7) further comprises a power wire (77) and a control signal wire (79), and the control signal wire (79) is connected with a controller outside the tube.
8. The decontamination device of claim 7,
the guide wire (7) further comprises a wire outer protection layer (71) and an inner protection layer (73), the wire outer protection layer (71) is wrapped outside the inner protection layer (73), and a travelling pull wire (74), a material guide pipe (75), a waste pipe (76), a power wire (77), an exhaust pipe (78) and a control signal wire (79) are located in the inner protection layer (73).
9. The decontamination device of claim 8,
the lead wire (7) further comprises a radiation-resistant sacrificial layer (72), and the radiation-resistant sacrificial layer (72) is located between the lead wire outer protective layer (71) and the lead wire inner protective layer (73).
10. A method of decontamination using the decontamination device of any one of claims 1-9, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1, conveying a decontamination device to a part to be decontaminated in a pipeline through a travelling pull wire;
step 2, releasing the decontaminating agent to a part to be treated in the pipeline through a material conduit to carry out chemical decontamination;
and 3, after decontamination, conveying the waste obtained after decontamination to a waste cylinder outside the pipe through a waste pipe.
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