CN115632228B - Antenna unit, antenna array and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Antenna unit, antenna array and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115632228B CN115632228B CN202211203093.9A CN202211203093A CN115632228B CN 115632228 B CN115632228 B CN 115632228B CN 202211203093 A CN202211203093 A CN 202211203093A CN 115632228 B CN115632228 B CN 115632228B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The application is applicable to the technical field of communication, and provides an antenna unit, which comprises: the coaxial feed structure comprises a first radiation panel, a second radiation panel, a rotating mechanism, a coaxial feed structure and a cavity with an opening at one side; the first surface of the first radiation panel is connected with each first side plate of the cavity, so that the first radiation panel covers the opening of the cavity; the first surface of the second radiation panel is contacted with the second surface of the first radiation panel, so that the second radiation panel covers the first radiation panel; at least one radiator is arranged on the second surface of the first radiation panel; at least one radiation line group is arranged on the second surface of the second radiation panel; the second radiation panel is fixed at one end of the rotating mechanism, and the other end of the rotating mechanism passes through the first radiation panel and the second side plate of the cavity; one end of the coaxial feed structure is connected with the radiator of the first radiating panel, and the other end of the coaxial feed structure penetrates through the second side plate of the cavity. The anti-interference capability of the antenna is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an antenna unit, an antenna array, and an electronic device.
Background
With the development of wireless communication technology, the antenna can be applied to radio communication, broadcasting, television, radar, navigation, electronic countermeasure, remote sensing, radio astronomy and the like, so that the use scenes of the antenna are more and more, and the electromagnetic environment is more and more complex.
In the related art, the radiation frequency of the antenna is mainly determined by the structure of the antenna, in the use process of the antenna, the structure of the antenna is fixed and can only work in a radiation frequency range, so that the antenna is often only suitable for signal transmission in a specific environment and is easy to be subjected to electromagnetic interference when used in a complex and changeable electromagnetic environment, and therefore, the current antenna has poor anti-interference capability.
Disclosure of Invention
The antenna unit, the antenna array and the electronic equipment provided by the embodiment of the application can solve the problems that the antenna is easy to be subjected to electromagnetic interference and the anti-interference capability of the antenna is poor when the antenna unit, the antenna array and the electronic equipment are used in complex and changeable electromagnetic environments.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna unit, including:
the antenna unit includes: the coaxial feed structure comprises a first radiation panel, a second radiation panel, a rotating mechanism, a coaxial feed structure and a cavity with an opening at one side, wherein the cavity is provided with a plurality of first side plates surrounding the opening and a second side plate opposite to the opening and connected with each first side plate;
the first surface of the first radiation panel is connected with each first side plate of the cavity, so that the first radiation panel covers the opening of the cavity;
the first surface of the second radiation panel is contacted with the second surface of the first radiation panel, so that the second radiation panel covers the first radiation panel, wherein the second surface of the first radiation panel is opposite to the first surface of the first radiation panel;
at least one radiator is arranged on the second surface of the first radiation panel, wherein the radiator comprises a radiation arm and an auxiliary radiation arm which are positioned in a straight line, and a preset length is arranged between the radiation arm and the auxiliary radiation arm;
at least one group of radiation lines is arranged on the second surface of the second radiation panel, wherein the radiation lines comprise at least one radiation line, each radiation line in the radiation line group is centered on the center point of the second radiation panel and is annularly arranged on the second surface of the second radiation panel, and the number of radiation lines in the radiation line group is the same as the number of radiators or the number of radiation lines is the number of radiatorsThe length of the radiation lines in the radiation line group is smaller than or equal to the preset length;
the second radiation panel is fixed at one end of the rotating mechanism, and the other end of the rotating mechanism penetrates through the first radiation panel and the second side plate of the cavity, wherein the rotating mechanism is used for driving the second radiation panel to rotate when rotating so as to change the position relationship between the radiation line group in the second radiation panel and the radiator in the first radiation panel, and therefore the arm length of the radiation arm is changed;
one end of the coaxial feed structure is connected with the radiator of the first radiation panel, and the other end of the coaxial feed structure penetrates through the second side plate of the cavity.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna array, where the antenna array includes at least one antenna unit as described above, and each antenna unit is arranged as an nxm array, N is the number of antenna units in each column, M is the number of columns of the array, and N and M are positive integers.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including an antenna array as described above.
It will be appreciated that the advantages of the second to third aspects may be found in the relevant description of the first aspect, and are not described in detail herein.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the application has the beneficial effects that: the resonant frequency band that can use as required, control rotary mechanism is rotatory, and then drives the rotation of second radiation panel to change the positional relationship between the radiation line group in the second radiation panel and the radiator in the first radiation panel, change the arm length of radiation arm, thereby adjust the resonant frequency band that needs to use, realized the frequency reconstruction of multiband, improved the anti-interference ability of antenna.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna unit provided in one embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a side view of an antenna unit provided in one embodiment of the application;
fig. 3 is a top view of an antenna element provided in one embodiment of the application;
fig. 4 is a schematic front view of an exploded structure of an antenna unit provided in one embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an exploded mechanism of an antenna unit provided in one embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna element according to an embodiment of the present application along a diagonal direction;
fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna element provided in one embodiment of the application along a midline;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the position structure of a radiator and a radiation line group when the antenna unit provided in one embodiment of the present application operates at a maximum resonance frequency;
fig. 9 is a waveform diagram of the corresponding operating frequency of the antenna unit provided in one embodiment of the present application when operating at the maximum resonant frequency;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the position structure of a radiator and a radiation line group when an antenna unit provided in one embodiment of the present application operates between maximum and minimum resonance frequencies;
fig. 11 is a waveform diagram of the corresponding operating frequencies of an antenna element provided in one embodiment of the present application when operating between maximum and minimum resonant frequencies;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the position structure of a radiator and a radiation line group when the antenna unit provided in one embodiment of the present application operates at a minimum resonance frequency;
fig. 13 is a waveform diagram of an operating frequency corresponding to when an antenna unit provided in one embodiment of the present application operates at a minimum resonant frequency;
fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of a feed structure of an antenna element provided in one embodiment of the present application;
fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of a feed structure of an antenna unit provided in another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 16 is a schematic structural view of an electronic device provided in one embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as the particular system architecture, techniques, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
It should be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used in the present specification and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations.
As used in the present description and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted as "when..once" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to detection" depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase "if a determination" or "if a [ described condition or event ] is detected" may be interpreted in the context of meaning "upon determination" or "in response to determination" or "upon detection of a [ described condition or event ]" or "in response to detection of a [ described condition or event ]".
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like in the description of the present specification and in the appended claims, are used for distinguishing between descriptions and not necessarily for indicating or implying a relative importance.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the application. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," and the like in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but mean "one or more but not all embodiments" unless expressly specified otherwise. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless expressly specified otherwise.
It should be understood that, the sequence number of each step in this embodiment does not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not limit the implementation process of the embodiment of the present application in any way.
In the related art, the radiation frequency of the antenna is mainly determined by the structure of the antenna, in the use process of the antenna, the structure of the antenna is fixed and can only work in a radiation frequency range, so that the antenna is often only suitable for signal transmission in a specific environment and is easy to be subjected to electromagnetic interference when used in a complex and changeable electromagnetic environment, and therefore, the current antenna has poor anti-interference capability.
The application provides an antenna unit, which comprises: the first radiation panel, the second radiation panel, the rotating mechanism, the coaxial feed structure and the cavity with an opening at one side, wherein the cavity is provided with a plurality of first side plates surrounding the opening and a second side plate opposite to the opening and connected with each first side plate, the first surface of the first radiation panel is connected with each first side plate of the cavity so that the first radiation panel covers the opening of the cavity, the first surface of the second radiation panel is contacted with the second surface of the first radiation panel so that the second radiation panel covers the first radiation panel, the second surface of the first radiation panel is opposite to the first surface of the first radiation panel, at least one radiator is arranged on the second surface of the first radiation panel, wherein the radiator comprises a linear radiation arm and an auxiliary radiation arm, the interval between the radiation arm and the auxiliary radiation arm is preset, at least one group of radiation line groups are arranged on the second surface of the second radiation panel, each radiation line in the radiation line groups comprises at least one radiation line, each radiation line in the radiation line groups is arranged on the second surface of the second radiation panel in a surrounding way by taking the central point of the second radiation panel as the center, and the number of the radiation lines in the radiation line groups is the same as the number of the radiators or is the number of the radiatorsMultiple of radiation in a line groupThe length of the radiation line is smaller than or equal to the preset length, the second radiation panel is fixed at one end of the rotating mechanism, the other end of the rotating mechanism penetrates through the first radiation panel and the second side plate of the cavity, the rotating mechanism is used for driving the second radiation panel to rotate when rotating, so that the position relationship between the radiation line group in the second radiation panel and the radiator in the first radiation panel is changed, the arm length of the radiation arm is changed, one end of the coaxial feed structure is connected with the radiator of the first radiation panel, and the other end of the coaxial feed structure penetrates through the second side plate of the cavity. And then can control rotary mechanism rotation according to the resonant frequency channel that needs used, and then drive the rotation of second radiation panel to change the positional relationship between the radiation line group in the second radiation panel and the radiator in the first radiation panel, change the arm length of radiation arm, thereby adjust to the resonant frequency channel that needs used, realized the frequency reconstruction of multiband, improved the anti-interference ability of antenna.
In order to illustrate the technical scheme of the application, the following description is given by specific examples.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1-7, a structural intent of an antenna element is provided. As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the antenna unit may include: the antenna comprises a first radiation panel 10, a second radiation panel 20, a rotating mechanism, a coaxial feed structure and a cavity 30 with an opening at one side, wherein the cavity 30 is provided with a plurality of first side plates surrounding the opening and a second side plate opposite to the opening and connected with each first side plate.
The first surface of the first radiation panel 10 is connected with each first side plate of the cavity 30, so that the first radiation panel 10 covers the opening of the cavity 30; the first surface of the second radiation panel 20 contacts the second surface of the first radiation panel 10 such that the second radiation panel 20 covers the first radiation panel 10, wherein the second surface of the first radiation panel 10 is opposite to the first surface of the first radiation panel 10; at least one radiator is arranged on the second surface of the first radiation panel 10, wherein the radiator comprises a radiation arm 1011 and an auxiliary radiation arm 1012 which are in a straight line, and a preset length is arranged between the radiation arm 1011 and the auxiliary radiation arm 1012; a second radiation panel 20, wherein the radiation line group comprises at least one radiation line, each radiation line in the radiation line group is centered on the center point of the second radiation panel 20 and is annularly arranged on the second surface of the second radiation panel 20, and the number of the radiation lines in the radiation line group is the same as the number of the radiators or the number of the radiation lines is the number of the radiatorsThe length of the radiation lines in the radiation line group is smaller than or equal to the preset length; the second radiation panel 20 is fixed at one end of the rotation mechanism, and the other end of the rotation mechanism passes through the first radiation panel 10 and the second side plate of the cavity 30, wherein the rotation mechanism is used for driving the second radiation panel 20 to rotate when rotating so as to change the position relationship between the radiation line group in the second radiation panel 20 and the radiator in the first radiation panel 10, thereby changing the arm length of the radiation arm; one end of the coaxial feed structure is connected to the radiator of the first radiating panel 10 and the other end of the coaxial feed structure passes through the second side plate of the cavity 30.
The first radiation panel 10 may be a printed circuit board (Printed Circuit Board, PCB) and may serve as a support for the radiator.
It should be appreciated that the area of the first radiation panel 10 may be determined according to the size of the opening of the cavity 30, and the size of the first radiation panel 10 may be greater than or equal to the size of the opening of the cavity 30.
The second radiation panel 20 may be a printed circuit board (Printed Circuit Board, PCB) which may serve as a support for the radiation line group.
It should be appreciated that the size of the second radiation panel 20 may be determined according to the size of the opening of the cavity 30, and the shape of the largest area of the second radiation panel 20 may be an inscribed circle of the opening of the cavity 30.
The rotation mechanism may be a mechanism that rotates the second radiation panel 20.
The coaxial feed structure may be one or more coaxial lines 40, and the coaxial lines 40 may be a conducting system comprising two coaxial cylindrical conductors, and a wideband microwave transmission line filled with air or high-frequency medium between the inner and outer conductors.
The cavity 30 may be a back cavity of the antenna unit, the cavity 30 may be a reflective cavity of the antenna unit, and the cavity 30 may be made of a metal material. The cavity 30 can be made into different shapes according to practical situations, such as: the square cavity 30 surrounded by the plurality of first side plates and the second side plates may be made of a metal material, the cylindrical cavity 30 surrounded by the plurality of first side plates and the second side plates may be made of a metal material, or the like, and the shape of the cavity 30 is not limited here.
It will be appreciated that the opening of the cavity 30 may be circular, square, polygonal, etc. in shape, and that the aperture of the opening may be approximately half the wavelength of the desired minimum resonant frequency.
Wherein, the opening of the cavity 30 is circular, the inner caliber of the opening is circular diameter, the opening of the cavity 30 is square, and the inner caliber of the opening is square side length.
Wherein the radiator may be a metal line printed on the second surface of the first radiation panel 10. The length of the radiating arm 1011 and the auxiliary radiating arm 1012 in the radiator is determined according to the actual desired frequency band. The placement angle of the radiator can be determined according to actual conditions.
In one possible embodiment, the radiator is placed in a form of + -45 DEG with respect to the reflective cavity.
It should be appreciated that the adoption of a + -45 deg. arrangement provides for an effective increase in the efficiency of the reflective cavity 30 and a smaller resonant frequency and frequency conversion bandwidth over the size range of the cavity 30, and that the + -45 deg. arrangement provides for an increase in the physical size of the radiating arms to be deployed.
In one possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the antenna unit comprises two sets of half-wave symmetric elements, each set comprising two radiators on a diagonal, each radiator comprising a radiating arm 1011 and an auxiliary radiating arm 1012, using a design similar to a half-wave dipole.
The preset length can be determined according to the actually required frequency band.
It will be appreciated that the second surface of the first radiating panel 10 may have one or more radiators printed thereon, the number of radiators being determined according to the frequency band to be achieved.
The radiation lines in the radiation line group may be metal lines printed on the second surface of the second radiation panel 20.
The number of the radiation lines in the radiation line group may be determined according to the number of the radiators, and the arrangement positions of the radiation lines in the radiation line group on the second surface of the second radiation panel 20 correspond to the positions of the radiation arms 1011 and the auxiliary radiation arms 1012 on the second surface of the first radiation panel 10 according to the intervals between the radiation arms.
The number of the radiation line groups can be determined according to the frequency bands which are needed to be realized, and the more the radiation line groups are, the more the frequency bands which can be reconstructed are. The number of the radiation lines in the radiation line group can be determined according to the form of the feed network, the number of the radiation lines in the radiation line group can be the same as the number of the radiators, and the number of the radiation lines can also be the number of the radiatorsMultiple, etc.
The lengths of the radiation lines in each group of radiation line groups are determined according to the frequency band to be realized, and the lengths of the radiation lines in each group of radiation line groups can be the same or different and can be determined according to the form of a feed network.
In one example, as shown in fig. 5, the number of radiation line groups is set to two, one radiation line group includes a radiation line 2001, a radiation line 2002, a radiation line 2003 and a radiation line 2004, the lengths of the radiation line 2001, the radiation line 2002, the radiation line 2003 and the radiation line 2004 are all the same, the other radiation line group includes a radiation line 2011, a radiation line 2012, a radiation line 2013 and a radiation line 2014, the lengths of the radiation line 2011, the radiation line 2012, the radiation line 2013 and the radiation line 2014 are all the same, and the lengths of the radiation lines in the two radiation line groups are different.
In one possible embodiment, the arm length of the radiating arm 1011 may be determined according to the desired maximum resonant frequency; the arm length of the auxiliary radiating arm 1012 and the shape and length of the radiating lines in the radiating line group can be determined according to the required minimum resonant frequency; the minimum resonant frequency required may be determined according to the arm length of the radiating arm 1011, the total length of the radiation line of a preset length and the arm length of the auxiliary radiating arm 1012, and the shapes of the radiating arm 1011, the auxiliary radiating arm 1012 and the radiation line.
Wherein, the length of the metal line which is acted is about 0.15-0.25 times of the medium wavelength according to the required resonance frequency so as to meet the requirement of each frequency adjustment.
The metal line for generating the action can be a metal line connected with the coaxial feed structure, and the metal line for generating the action can be a radiating arm 1011, or can be the sum of the lengths of the radiating arm 1011 and the radiating line, or can be the sum of the lengths of the radiating arm 1011, the radiating line and an auxiliary radiating arm 1012.
In one example, when the required frequency of use is the maximum resonant frequency, the rotation mechanism is controlled to rotate to drive the second radiation panel to rotate, so as to change the positional relationship between the radiation line group in the second radiation panel and the radiator in the first radiation panel, as shown in the schematic positional structure of the radiator and the radiation line group in fig. 8, so that the radiation arm 1011 and the auxiliary radiation arm 1012 are completely disconnected, and the waveform schematic diagram of the corresponding working frequency is shown in fig. 9.
In one example, when the required frequency is between the maximum and minimum resonance frequencies, the rotation mechanism is controlled to rotate the second radiation panel, so as to change the positional relationship between the radiation line group in the second radiation panel and the radiator in the first radiation panel, as shown in fig. 10, so that the radiation lines of the radiation line group are electrically connected with the radiation arm 1011 and are completely disconnected from the auxiliary radiation arm 1012, and the waveform diagram of the corresponding working frequency is shown in fig. 11.
In one example, when the required frequency is the minimum resonant frequency, the rotation mechanism is controlled to rotate the second radiation panel, so as to change the positional relationship between the radiation line group in the second radiation panel and the radiator in the first radiation panel, as shown in fig. 12, so that the radiation line of the radiation line group is electrically connected to the radiation arm 1011, and the radiation line of the radiation line group 202 is electrically connected to the auxiliary radiation arm 1012, and the waveform diagram of the corresponding working frequency is shown in fig. 13.
In one possible embodiment, when a plurality of radiators are disposed on the second surface of the first radiation panel 10, each radiator is disposed on the second surface of the first radiation panel 10 in a surrounding manner with the center point of the first radiation panel 10 as the center, and the angles between the adjacent radiators are the same.
It should be understood that, by disposing a plurality of radiators on the second surface of the first radiation panel 10, the plurality of radiators are disposed around the second surface of the first radiation panel 10 with the center point of the first radiation panel 10 as the center, and the included angles between the adjacent radiators are the same, so that each radiator is rotationally symmetrical on the second surface of the first radiation panel 10.
Wherein the radiator comprises a radiating arm 1011 and an auxiliary radiating arm 1012.
In one possible embodiment, the angles between adjacent radiating lines in the set of radiating lines are the same, and the angles between adjacent radiating lines are the same as the angles between adjacent radiating bodies.
In one example, referring to the radiator in fig. 5, the angle between adjacent radiators is 90 degrees, and correspondingly, as in the set of radiating lines in fig. 5, the angle between adjacent radiating lines 2001 and radiating line 2002 is also 90 degrees. When the radiation line 2001 in the second radiation panel 20 is electrically connected to one of the radiators in the first radiation panel 10, the other radiation lines in the second radiation panel 20 are also correspondingly electrically connected to the other radiators in the first radiation panel 10.
In one possible embodiment, when a plurality of sets of radiation lines are disposed on the second surface of the second radiation panel 20, the radiation lines in each set of radiation lines are disposed on the second surface of the second radiation panel 20 at intervals from the radiation lines in the other sets of radiation lines, and the lengths of the radiation lines in the sets of radiation lines are different from those of the radiation lines in the other sets of radiation lines.
In one possible embodiment, one end metallized hole of the coaxial feed structure is connected to the feed end of the radiator.
The coaxial feed structure may include more than one coaxial line, and the number of coaxial lines may be determined according to the number of radiators on the first radiating panel 10. The length of the coaxial line is set according to practical situations, and it will be understood that the other end of the coaxial feed structure passes through the second side plate of the cavity 30, and may extend for any length, which is not specifically limited herein.
In one embodiment, the rotation mechanism includes: a rotating lever 50 and a driving part;
the second radiation panel 20 is fixed at one end of the rotating rod 50, the other end of the rotating rod 50 passes through the first radiation panel 10 and the second side plate of the cavity 30 and is fixed on a driving component, wherein the driving component is used for driving the rotating rod 50 to rotate, and the rotating rod 50 drives the second radiation panel 20 to rotate when rotating.
One end of the rotating rod 50 may be fixedly connected to the second radiation panel 20 by a snap-fit manner, for example: the center of the second radiation panel 20 may be a rectangular or polygonal hollow, one end of the rotating rod 50 is correspondingly rectangular or polygonal, and one end of the rotating rod 50 may be sleeved into the hollow center of the second radiation panel 20 to be clamped. The fixing manner of the one end of the rotating rod 50 and the second radiation panel 20 may also be other manners, which are not specifically limited herein, so long as the one end of the rotating rod 50 is fixed with the second radiation panel 20.
It should be appreciated that the rotation of the rotary lever 50 by the driving means rotates the second radiation panel 20.
Above-mentioned antenna element, and then can use the resonant frequency channel as required, control rotary mechanism is rotatory, and then drives the rotation of second radiation panel to change the positional relationship between the radiation line group in the second radiation panel and the radiator in the first radiation panel, change the arm length of radiation arm, thereby adjust the resonant frequency channel that needs to use, realized the frequency reconstruction of multiband, improved the anti-interference ability of antenna.
In one embodiment, an antenna unit includes: the antenna comprises a first radiation panel, a second radiation panel, a rotating mechanism, a coaxial feed structure, a cavity 30 with an opening at one side and a feed network, wherein the cavity 30 is provided with a plurality of first side plates surrounding the opening and a second side plate opposite to the opening and connected with each first side plate.
The specific connection relationship, implementation process and principle of the first radiation panel, the second radiation panel, the rotation mechanism, the coaxial feed structure and the cavity 30 with the opening on one side can be referred to the detailed description of the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
The feed network is connected with the other end of the coaxial feed structure.
The feed network can adopt a mode of combining 1 group of broadband bridge with 2 groups of broadband balun, so that the required amplitude and phase of 4 feed point broadband circular polarization are realized; the feed network can also adopt a form of 2 groups of broadband balun, and the required amplitude of broadband linear polarization of +/-45 degrees is equal.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 14, where the feed network takes the form of a 1-set broadband bridge in combination with 2-set broadband balun, the feed network includes a bridge, a first balun, and a second balun;
the first output end of the bridge is connected with the input end of the first balun, and the first output end and the second output end of the first balun are connected with the coaxial feed structure; the second output end of the bridge is connected with the input end of the second balun, and the first output end and the second output end of the second balun are connected with the coaxial feed structure; the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the bridge are connected with the radio frequency input port.
The bridge may be a width 3dB bridge, but is not limited to a broadband 3dB bridge, and may be other bridges. The first balun and the second balun may be broadband balun, but are not limited to broadband balun, and may be other balun. The first output end and the second output end of the first balun are respectively and electrically connected with corresponding coaxial wires in the coaxial feed structure. The first output end and the second output end of the second balun are respectively and electrically connected with corresponding coaxial wires in the coaxial feed structure.
It should be appreciated that when the first input of the bridge inputs a signal, the signal is routed through the appropriate output port: the 4 output ports (the first output end and the first output end of the first balun and the first output end of the second balun) output constant-amplitude signals, and the phases are 0, 90, 180 and 270 in rotation change; when the second input end of the bridge inputs signals, the reasonable output ports of the first input end of the bridge are arranged: the 4 output ports output constant-amplitude signals, and the phases are 270, 180 and 90,0 in rotation change; the antenna unit can realize the wideband circular polarization of the simultaneous operation of the left and right rotation of 4 feed points through the feed network, and can realize the low axial ratio of the full forward radiation direction.
In one possible embodiment, in the case where the feed network takes the form of 1 set of broadband bridges in combination with 2 sets of broadband balun, the number of radiating lines in a radiating line set is the same as the number of radiators, and the lengths of the radiating lines in any one radiating line set are the same.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 15, where the feed network takes the form of 2 sets of broadband balun, the feed network includes a third balun and a fourth balun; the first output end and the second output end of the third balun are connected with a coaxial feed structure; the first output end and the second output end of the fourth balun are connected with a coaxial feed structure; the input end of the third balun and the input end of the fourth balun are connected with a radio frequency input port.
The third balun and the fourth balun may be broadband balun, but are not limited to broadband balun, and may be other balun. The first and second outputs of the third balun are electrically connected to corresponding coaxial lines in the coaxial feed structure 30, respectively. The first and second outputs of the fourth balun are electrically connected to corresponding coaxial lines in the coaxial feed structure 30, respectively.
It will be appreciated that the coaxial feed structure is connected by the first and second outputs of the third balun; the first output end and the second output end of the fourth balun are connected with a coaxial feed structure, the input end of the third balun and the input end of the fourth balun are connected with a radio frequency input port, the equal-amplitude phase difference 180 DEG feed of the output ends can be realized, and the antenna unit can realize broadband + -45 DEG linear polarization by combining a feed network.
It should be understood that by adopting any one of the two feeding networks, the influence of the height from the ground on the resonance frequency of the half-wave dipoles can be eliminated, and a foundation is provided for the reconfigurability of the broadband frequency and the low profile and small size of the radiating unit.
In a possible embodiment, in the case that the feed network adopts a form of 2 groups of broadband balun, the number of radiating lines in the radiating line groups may be the same as the number of radiators, or may be the number of radiatorsThe lengths of the radiation lines in any group of radiation line groups are the same, or the lengths of the radiation lines which are opposite to each other in each radiation line are the same.
The embodiment of the application also provides an antenna array, which comprises at least one antenna unit, wherein each antenna unit is arranged into an N multiplied by M array, N is the number of the antenna units in each column, M is the number of columns of the array, and N and M are positive integers.
The embodiment of the application also provides an electronic device 700, and fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the electronic device provided in the embodiment of the application. As shown in fig. 16, includes the antenna array 710. The electronic device 700 may be a radio device such as communication, radar, navigation, broadcast, television, etc. The electronic device 700 may include, but is not limited to, an antenna array 710. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that fig. 16 is merely an example of an electronic device 700 and does not constitute a limitation of the electronic device 700, and may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine certain components, or different components, e.g., the electronic device 700 may further include a processor, memory, input-output device, network access device, bus, etc.
The processor 710 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), the processor 710 may also be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), off-the-shelf programmable gate arrays (Field-Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or the like. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
The memory 720 may in some embodiments be an internal storage unit of the terminal device 700, such as a hard disk or a memory of the terminal device 700. The memory 720 may also be an external storage device of the terminal device 700 in other embodiments, for example, a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card) or the like, which are provided on the terminal device 700. Further, the memory 720 may also include both an internal storage unit and an external storage device of the terminal device 700. The memory 720 is used to store an operating system, application programs, boot Loader (Boot Loader), data, other programs, etc., such as program codes of the computer program. The memory 720 may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and in part, not described or illustrated in any particular embodiment, reference is made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and are not limited thereto. Although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (11)
1. An antenna unit, the antenna unit comprising: the coaxial feed structure comprises a first radiation panel, a second radiation panel, a rotating mechanism, a coaxial feed structure and a cavity with an opening at one side, wherein the cavity is provided with a plurality of first side plates surrounding the opening and a second side plate opposite to the opening and connected with each first side plate;
the first surface of the first radiation panel is connected with each first side plate of the cavity, so that the first radiation panel covers the opening of the cavity;
the second surface of the second radiation panel is in contact with the second surface of the first radiation panel so that the second radiation panel covers the first radiation panel, wherein the second surface of the first radiation panel is opposite to the first surface of the first radiation panel;
at least one radiator is arranged on the second surface of the first radiation panel, wherein the radiator comprises a radiation arm and an auxiliary radiation arm which are positioned in a straight line, and a preset length is arranged between the radiation arm and the auxiliary radiation arm;
at least one group of radiation lines is arranged on the second surface of the second radiation panel, wherein the radiation lines comprise at least one radiation line, each radiation line in the radiation line group is centered on the center point of the second radiation panel and is annularly arranged on the second surface of the second radiation panel, and the number of radiation lines in the radiation line group is the same as the number of radiators or the number of radiation lines is the number of radiatorsThe length of the radiation lines in the radiation line group is smaller than or equal to the preset length;
the second radiation panel is fixed at one end of the rotating mechanism, and the other end of the rotating mechanism penetrates through the first radiation panel and the second side plate of the cavity, wherein the rotating mechanism is used for driving the second radiation panel to rotate when rotating so as to change the position relationship between the radiation line group in the second radiation panel and the radiator in the first radiation panel, and therefore the arm length of the radiation arm is changed;
one end of the coaxial feed structure is connected with the radiator of the first radiation panel, and the other end of the coaxial feed structure penetrates through the second side plate of the cavity.
2. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the antenna unit further comprises: a feed network;
the feed network is connected with the other end of the coaxial feed structure.
3. The antenna unit of claim 2, wherein the feed network comprises a bridge, a first balun, and a second balun;
the first output end of the bridge is connected with the input end of the first balun, and the first output end and the second output end of the first balun are connected with the coaxial feed structure;
the second output end of the bridge is connected with the input end of the second balun, and the first output end and the second output end of the second balun are connected with the coaxial feed structure;
the first input end and the second input end of the bridge are connected with a radio frequency input port.
4. The antenna unit of claim 2, wherein the feed network comprises a third balun and a fourth balun;
the first output end and the second output end of the third balun are connected with the coaxial feed structure; the first output end and the second output end of the fourth balun are connected with the coaxial feed structure; the input end of the third balun and the input end of the fourth balun are connected with a radio frequency input port.
5. The antenna element of claim 1, wherein an end metallization aperture of the coaxial feed structure is connected to a feed end of the radiator.
6. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein when a plurality of the radiators are disposed on the second surface of the first radiating panel, each of the radiators is disposed on the second surface of the first radiating panel in a surrounding manner with a center point of the first radiating panel as a center, and an included angle between adjacent radiators is the same.
7. The antenna element of claim 6, wherein the angles between adjacent ones of said radiating strips in said set of radiating strips are the same and the angles between adjacent ones of said radiating strips are the same as the angles between said adjacent radiators.
8. The antenna unit of any one of claims 1-7, wherein when a plurality of sets of radiation lines are disposed on the second surface of the second radiation panel, the radiation lines in each set of radiation lines are disposed on the second surface of the second radiation panel at intervals from the radiation lines in the other sets of radiation lines, and the lengths of the radiation lines in the sets of radiation lines are different from the lengths of the radiation lines in the other sets of radiation lines.
9. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the rotation mechanism comprises: a rotating lever and a driving part;
the second radiation panel is fixed in the one end of rotary rod, the other end of rotary rod passes first radiation panel with the second curb plate of cavity is fixed in on the drive part, wherein, drive part is used for the drive the rotary rod is rotatory, the rotary rod is rotatory when driving the second radiation panel is rotatory.
10. An antenna array comprising at least one antenna element according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein each antenna element is arranged as an nxm array, N being the number of antenna elements per column, M being the number of columns of the array, N and M being a positive integer.
11. An electronic device comprising the antenna array of claim 10.
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