CN115632228A - Antenna unit, antenna array and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Antenna unit, antenna array and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115632228A CN115632228A CN202211203093.9A CN202211203093A CN115632228A CN 115632228 A CN115632228 A CN 115632228A CN 202211203093 A CN202211203093 A CN 202211203093A CN 115632228 A CN115632228 A CN 115632228A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The application is suitable for the technical field of communication, provides an antenna unit, and antenna unit includes: the antenna comprises a first radiating panel, a second radiating panel, a rotating mechanism, a coaxial feed structure and a cavity with an opening at one side; the first surface of the first radiation panel is connected with each first side plate of the cavity, so that the first radiation panel covers the opening of the cavity; the first surface of the second radiation panel is contacted with the second surface of the first radiation panel so that the second radiation panel covers the first radiation panel; at least one radiator is distributed on the second surface of the first radiation panel; at least one group of radiation line groups are distributed on the second surface of the second radiation panel; the second radiation panel is fixed at one end of the rotating mechanism, and the other end of the rotating mechanism penetrates through the first radiation panel and the second side plate of the cavity; one end of the coaxial feed structure is connected with the radiator of the first radiation panel, and the other end of the coaxial feed structure penetrates through the second side plate of the cavity. The anti-interference capability of the antenna is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to an antenna unit, an antenna array and electronic equipment.
Background
With the development of wireless communication technology, antennas can be applied to radio communication, broadcasting, television, radar, navigation, electronic countermeasure, remote sensing, radio astronomy and the like, so that the use scenes of the antennas are more and more, and the electromagnetic environment is more and more complex.
In the related art, the radiation frequency of an antenna is mainly determined by the structure of the antenna, and in the use process of the antenna, the structure of the antenna is fixed, can only be fixedly operated in a radiation frequency range, is often only suitable for signal transmission in a specific environment, and is easy to suffer from electromagnetic interference when used in a complicated and changeable electromagnetic environment, so that the current antenna has poor anti-interference capability.
Disclosure of Invention
The antenna unit, the antenna array and the electronic device provided by the embodiment of the application can solve the problems that when the antenna unit, the antenna array and the electronic device are used in a complex and changeable electromagnetic environment, the antenna is easily subjected to electromagnetic interference, and the anti-interference capability of the antenna is poor.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna unit, including:
the antenna unit includes: the antenna comprises a first radiating panel, a second radiating panel, a rotating mechanism, a coaxial feed structure and a cavity with an opening on one side, wherein the cavity is provided with a plurality of first side plates surrounding the opening and second side plates opposite to the opening and connected with the first side plates;
the first surface of the first radiation panel is connected with each first side plate of the cavity, so that the first radiation panel covers the opening of the cavity;
a first surface of the second radiating panel is in contact with a second surface of the first radiating panel so that the second radiating panel covers the first radiating panel, wherein the second surface of the first radiating panel is opposite to the first surface of the first radiating panel;
at least one radiator is distributed on the second surface of the first radiation panel, wherein the radiator comprises a radiation arm and an auxiliary radiation arm which are in a straight line, and a preset length is arranged between the radiation arm and the auxiliary radiation arm at intervals;
at least one group of radiation line groups are distributed on the second surface of the second radiation panel, wherein each radiation line group comprises at least one radiation line, the radiation lines in the radiation line group are arranged on the second surface of the second radiation panel in a surrounding manner by taking the central point of the second radiation panel as the center, and the number of the radiation lines in the radiation line group is the same as that of the radiators or the number of the radiation lines is that of the radiators
The length of the radiation lines in the radiation line group is less than or equal to the preset length;
the second radiation panel is fixed at one end of the rotating mechanism, and the other end of the rotating mechanism penetrates through the first radiation panel and the second side plate of the cavity, wherein the rotating mechanism is used for driving the second radiation panel to rotate when rotating so as to change the position relationship between the radiation line group in the second radiation panel and the radiator in the first radiation panel, and thus the arm length of the radiation arm is changed;
one end of the coaxial feed structure is connected with the radiator of the first radiation panel, and the other end of the coaxial feed structure penetrates through the second side plate of the cavity.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna array, where the antenna array includes at least one antenna unit as described above, each of the antenna units is arranged in an N × M array, N is the number of antenna units in each column, M is the number of columns of the array, and N and M are positive integers.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes an antenna array as described above.
It is to be understood that, the beneficial effects of the second to third aspects may be referred to the related description of the first aspect, and are not described herein again.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the application has the beneficial effects that: the rotating mechanism is controlled to rotate according to the resonant frequency band required to be used, so that the second radiation panel is driven to rotate, the position relation between the radiation line group in the second radiation panel and the radiation body in the first radiation panel is changed, the arm length of the radiation arm is changed, the resonant frequency band required to be used is adjusted, the frequency reconstruction of multiple frequency bands is achieved, and the anti-interference capacity of the antenna is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a side view of an antenna unit provided by the present application in one embodiment;
fig. 3 is a top view of an antenna unit provided by the present application in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of an exploded structure of an antenna unit provided herein in one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a reverse side schematic view of an exploded mechanism of an antenna unit provided herein in one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna element provided in one embodiment of the present application along a diagonal;
fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna element provided in one embodiment of the present application along a centerline direction;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a position structure of a radiator and a radiating rib group when an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application operates at a maximum resonant frequency;
fig. 9 is a waveform diagram illustrating an operating frequency corresponding to an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application when the antenna unit operates at a maximum resonant frequency;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the placement of a radiator and radiating rib grouping when the antenna unit provided by the present application operates between maximum and minimum resonant frequencies in one embodiment;
fig. 11 is a waveform illustrating an operating frequency of an antenna element provided herein in one embodiment when operating between a maximum and a minimum resonant frequency;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a position structure of a radiator and a radiating strip group when an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application operates at a minimum resonant frequency;
fig. 13 is a waveform diagram illustrating an operating frequency corresponding to an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application when the antenna unit operates at a minimum resonant frequency;
fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding structure of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding structure of an antenna element provided in another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted contextually as "when", "upon" or "in response to" determining "or" in response to detecting ". Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if a [ described condition or event ] is detected" may be interpreted contextually to mean "upon determining" or "in response to determining" or "upon detecting [ described condition or event ]" or "in response to detecting [ described condition or event ]".
Furthermore, in the description of the present application and the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for distinguishing between descriptions and not necessarily for describing a relative importance or importance.
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments," or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," or the like, in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but rather "one or more but not all embodiments" unless specifically stated otherwise. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including, but not limited to," unless expressly specified otherwise.
It should be understood that, the sequence numbers of the steps in this embodiment do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by the function and the inherent logic of the process, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiment of the present application.
In the related art, the radiation frequency of an antenna is mainly determined by the structure of the antenna, and in the use process of the antenna, the structure of the antenna is fixed, can only be fixedly operated in a radiation frequency range, is often only suitable for signal transmission in a specific environment, and is easy to suffer from electromagnetic interference when used in a complicated and changeable electromagnetic environment, so that the current antenna has poor anti-interference capability.
The application provides an antenna unit, antenna unit includes: the radiation line group comprises at least one radiation line, each radiation line in the radiation line group is arranged on the second surface of the second radiation panel at a preset interval, at least one group of radiation line groups is arranged on the second surface of the second radiation panel, the radiation line group comprises at least one radiation line, the central point of each radiation line in the radiation line group is arranged on the central point of the second radiation line, and the radiation line group is arranged on the surface of the second radiation panel in a ring manner, and the radiation line group is arranged on the surface of the second radiation panel, and the central point of the radiation line in the radiation line group is arranged on the surface of the second radiation panel, and the radiation line group is arranged on the surface of the second radiation panel in a ring mannerThe number of radiation lines in a group being the same as or equal to the number of radiators
The length of the radiation lines in the radiation line group is smaller than or equal to the preset length, the second radiation panel is fixed at one end of the rotating mechanism, the other end of the rotating mechanism penetrates through the first radiation panel and the second side plate of the cavity, the rotating mechanism is used for driving the second radiation panel to rotate when rotating, the position relation between the radiation line group in the second radiation panel and the radiation body in the first radiation panel is changed, the arm length of the radiation arm is changed, one end of the coaxial feed structure is connected with the radiation body of the first radiation panel, and the other end of the coaxial feed structure penetrates through the second side plate of the cavity. And then can be according to the resonance frequency band that needs to use, control rotary mechanism and rotate, and then drive the second radiation panel and rotate to change the position relation between the radiant body in radiant line group in the second radiation panel and the first radiation panel, change the arm length of radiation arm, thereby adjust to the resonance frequency band that needs to use, realized the frequency reconstruction of multifrequency section, improved antenna interference killing feature.
In order to explain the technical solution of the present application, the following description is given by way of specific examples.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1-7, structural intentions for an antenna unit are provided. As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the antenna unit may include: the antenna comprises a first radiation panel 10, a second radiation panel 20, a rotation mechanism, a coaxial feed structure and a cavity 30 with an opening on one side, wherein the cavity 30 is provided with a plurality of first side plates surrounding the opening and a second side plate opposite to the opening and connected with each first side plate.
The first surface of the first radiating panel 10 is connected to each first side plate of the cavity 30, so that the first radiating panel 10 covers the opening of the cavity 30; a first surface of the second radiation panel 20 contacts with a second surface of the first radiation panel 10 to cover the second radiation panel 20 on the first radiation panel 10, wherein the second surface of the first radiation panel 10 contacts with the second surface of the first radiation panel 10The first surface is opposite; at least one radiator is arranged on the second surface of the first radiation panel 10, wherein the radiator includes a radiation arm 1011 and an auxiliary radiation arm 1012 which are in a straight line, and a preset length is arranged between the radiation arm 1011 and the auxiliary radiation arm 1012; at least one group of radiation line groups is disposed on the second surface of the second radiation panel 20, where each group of radiation lines includes at least one radiation line, each radiation line in the group of radiation lines is disposed around the second surface of the second radiation panel 20 by taking a central point of the second radiation panel 20 as a center, and the number of radiation lines in the group of radiation lines is the same as the number of radiators or the number of radiation lines is the number of radiators
The length of the radiation lines in the radiation line group is less than or equal to the preset length; the second radiation panel 20 is fixed at one end of the rotating mechanism, and the other end of the rotating mechanism passes through the first radiation panel 10 and the second side plate of the cavity 30, wherein the rotating mechanism is used for driving the second radiation panel 20 to rotate when rotating, so as to change the position relationship between the radiation line group in the second radiation panel 20 and the radiation body in the first radiation panel 10, thereby changing the arm length of the radiation arm; one end of the coaxial feed structure is connected to the radiator of the first radiation panel 10, and the other end of the coaxial feed structure passes through the second side plate of the cavity 30.
The first radiation panel 10 may be a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), which may serve as a support of the radiator.
It is understood that the area of the first radiant panel 10 may be determined according to the size of the opening of the cavity 30, and the size of the first radiant panel 10 may be greater than or equal to the size of the opening of the cavity 30.
The second radiation panel 20 may be a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), which may serve as a support for the radiation line set.
It is understood that the size of the second radiation panel 20 may be determined according to the size of the opening of the cavity 30, and the shape of the second radiation panel 20 having the largest area may be an inscribed circle of the opening of the cavity 30.
Wherein the rotating mechanism may be a mechanism for rotating the second radiation panel 20.
The coaxial feed structure may be formed by one or more coaxial lines 40, the coaxial line 40 may be a guided system formed by two coaxial cylindrical conductors, and a broadband microwave transmission line filled with air or a high-frequency medium is provided between the inner and outer conductors.
The cavity 30 may be a back cavity of the antenna unit, the cavity 30 may be a reflective cavity of the antenna unit, and the cavity 30 may be made of a metal material. The cavity 30 can be made into different shapes according to actual conditions, such as: the square cavity 30 surrounded by the plurality of first side plates and the plurality of second side plates to form the opening may be made of a metal material, the cylindrical cavity 30 surrounded by the plurality of first side plates and the plurality of second side plates to form the opening may be made of a metal material, and the like, and the shape of the cavity 30 is not limited herein.
It should be understood that the opening of the cavity 30 may be circular, square, polygonal, etc., and the aperture of the opening may be about half the wavelength of the desired minimum resonant frequency.
The opening of the cavity 30 is circular, the inner caliber of the opening is circular in diameter, the opening of the cavity 30 is square, and the inner caliber of the opening is square.
The radiator may be a metal line printed on the second surface of the first radiation panel 10. The lengths of the radiating arm 1011 and the auxiliary radiating arm 1012 in the radiator are determined according to the actually required frequency band. The placing angle of the radiator can be determined according to actual conditions.
In one possible embodiment, the radiator is positioned at ± 45 ° with respect to the reflective cavity.
It should be understood that the + -45 deg. layout can effectively improve the performance of the reflective cavity 30 and achieve smaller resonant frequency and frequency conversion bandwidth within the same size range of the cavity 30, and the + -45 deg. layout can provide an increase in the physical size of the radiation arm.
In one possible embodiment, shown in fig. 4, with a design similar to a half-wave dipole, the antenna element includes two groups of half-wave symmetric arrays, each group including two radiators on the diagonal, each radiator including a radiating arm 1011 and an auxiliary radiating arm 1012.
The preset length can be determined according to the actually required frequency band.
It should be understood that one or more radiators may be printed on the second surface of the first radiation panel 10, and the number of radiators may be determined according to the frequency band to be implemented.
The radiation lines in the radiation line group may be metal lines printed on the second surface of the second radiation panel 20.
The number of the radiation lines in the radiation line group may be determined according to the number of the radiators, and the arrangement position of the radiation lines in the radiation line group on the second surface of the second radiation panel 20 corresponds to the position of the second surface of the first radiation panel 10 according to the interval between the radiation arm 1011 and the auxiliary radiation arm 1012 in the radiator.
The number of the radial line groups can be determined according to the frequency bands required to be realized, and the more the radial line groups are, the more the reconfigurable frequency bands are. The number of the radiation lines in the radiation line group can be determined according to the form of the feed network, the number of the radiation lines in the radiation line group can be the same as the number of the radiators, and the number of the radiation lines can also be the number of the radiators
Multiple, etc.
The length of the radiation lines in each group of radiation line groups is determined according to a frequency band required to be realized, and the lengths of the radiation lines in each group of radiation line groups can be the same or different and can be determined according to a form of a feed network.
In one example, as shown in fig. 5, the number of the radiation line groups is set to two groups, one group includes the radiation lines 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004, the lengths of the radiation lines 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004 are all the same, the other group includes the radiation lines 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014, the lengths of the radiation lines 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 are all the same, and the lengths of the radiation lines in the two groups are different.
In one possible embodiment, the arm length of the radiating arm 1011 can be determined according to the desired maximum resonant frequency; the arm length of the auxiliary radiating arm 1012 and the shape and length of the radiating lines in the radiating line group can be determined according to the required minimum resonant frequency; the minimum resonance frequency required may be determined according to the arm length of the radiating arm 1011, the total length of the radiating line of a preset length and the arm length of the auxiliary radiating arm 1012, and the shapes of the radiating arm 1011, the auxiliary radiating arm 1012 and the radiating line.
Wherein, the length of the metal line which can generate action after each frequency adjustment is about 0.15-0.25 times of the wavelength of the medium according to the required resonance frequency.
The metal line generating action may be a metal line connected to the coaxial feed structure, and the metal line generating action may be the radiating arm 1011, or the sum of the lengths of the radiating arm 1011 and the radiating line, or the sum of the lengths of the radiating arm 1011, the radiating line, and the auxiliary radiating arm 1012.
In an example, when the required use frequency is the maximum resonant frequency, the rotation mechanism is controlled to rotate to drive the second radiation panel to rotate, so as to change the position relationship between the radiation line group in the second radiation panel and the radiator in the first radiation panel, as shown in the schematic position structure diagram of the radiator and the radiation line group in fig. 8, so that the radiation arm 1011 and the auxiliary radiation arm 1012 are completely disconnected, and the waveform diagram of the corresponding operating frequency is shown in fig. 9.
In one example, when the required frequency is between the maximum and minimum resonant frequencies, the control rotation mechanism rotates the second radiation panel to change the position relationship between the radiation line group in the second radiation panel and the radiator in the first radiation panel, as shown in fig. 10, so that the radiation line of the radiation line group is electrically connected to the radiation arm 1011 and completely disconnected from the auxiliary radiation arm 1012, and the waveform diagram of the corresponding operating frequency is shown in fig. 11.
In one example, when the required frequency is the minimum resonant frequency, the control rotation mechanism drives the second radiation panel to rotate, so as to change the position relationship between the radiation line group in the second radiation panel and the radiator in the first radiation panel, as shown in fig. 12, so that the radiation line of the radiation line group is electrically connected to the radiation arm 1011, and the radiation line of the radiation line group 202 is electrically connected to the auxiliary radiation arm 1012, and a waveform diagram of the corresponding operating frequency is shown in fig. 13.
In one possible embodiment, when a plurality of radiators are disposed on the second surface of the first radiation panel 10, each of the radiators is disposed on the second surface of the first radiation panel 10 in a ring shape with a central point of the first radiation panel 10 as a center, and angles between adjacent radiators are the same.
It should be understood that a plurality of radiators are disposed on the second surface of the first radiation panel 10, and the radiators are disposed around the second surface of the first radiation panel 10 with the center point of the first radiation panel 10 as the center, and the included angles between adjacent radiators are the same, so that the radiators are rotationally symmetric on the second surface of the first radiation panel 10.
Wherein the radiator comprises a radiating arm 1011 and an auxiliary radiating arm 1012.
In one possible embodiment, the included angle between adjacent radiation lines in the radiation line group is the same, and the included angle between adjacent radiation lines is the same as the included angle between adjacent radiators.
In one example, referring to the radiators in fig. 5, the angle between adjacent radiators is 90 degrees, and accordingly, as in the radiation line group in fig. 5, the angle between adjacent radiation lines 2001 and 2002 is also 90 degrees. When the radiation line 2001 in the second radiation panel 20 is electrically connected to one of the radiators in the first radiation panel 10, the other radiation lines in the second radiation panel 20 are also electrically connected to the other radiators in the first radiation panel 10.
In one possible embodiment, when a plurality of radiation line groups are disposed on the second surface of the second radiation panel 20, the radiation lines in each radiation line group are disposed on the second surface of the second radiation panel 20 at intervals from the radiation lines in the other radiation line groups, and the length of the radiation lines in the radiation line group is different from the length of the radiation lines in the other radiation line groups.
In one possible embodiment, one end metallized hole of the coaxial feed structure is connected to the feed end of the radiator.
The coaxial feed structure may include more than one coaxial line, and the number of the coaxial lines may be determined according to the number of the radiators on the first radiation panel 10. The length of the coaxial line is set according to practical conditions, and it is understood that the other end of the coaxial feed structure passes through the second side plate of the cavity 30, and may extend for any length, which is not limited in this respect.
In one embodiment, the rotation mechanism comprises: a rotating lever 50 and a driving member;
the second radiation panel 20 is fixed at one end of the rotating rod 50, and the other end of the rotating rod 50 passes through the first radiation panel 10 and the second side plate of the cavity 30 and is fixed on a driving element, wherein the driving element is used for driving the rotating rod 50 to rotate, and the rotating rod 50 drives the second radiation panel 20 to rotate when rotating.
Wherein, one end of the rotating rod 50 and the second radiation panel 20 may be fixedly connected by a snap, such as: the center of the second radiating panel 20 may be a rectangular or polygonal hollow, one end of the rotating rod 50 is correspondingly rectangular or polygonal, and one end of the rotating rod 50 may be sleeved in the central hollow of the second radiating panel 20 to be clamped. The fixing manner of the one end of the rotating rod 50 and the second radiation panel 20 may also adopt other manners, which are not specifically limited herein, and it is sufficient that the one end of the rotating rod 50 is fixed to the second radiation panel 20.
It should be understood that the second radiation panel 20 is rotated by the driving element driving the rotation lever 50 to rotate.
The antenna unit further controls the rotating mechanism to rotate according to the resonant frequency band required to be used, so that the second radiation panel is driven to rotate, the position relation between the radiation line group in the second radiation panel and the radiation body in the first radiation panel is changed, the arm length of the radiation arm is changed, the resonant frequency band required to be used is adjusted, multi-band frequency reconstruction is achieved, and the anti-interference capability of the antenna is improved.
In one embodiment, an antenna unit includes: the antenna comprises a first radiating panel, a second radiating panel, a rotating mechanism, a coaxial feed structure, a cavity 30 with an opening on one side and a feed network, wherein the cavity 30 is provided with a plurality of first side plates surrounding the opening and a second side plate opposite to the opening and connected with each first side plate.
For the specific connection relationship, implementation process and principle of the first radiation panel, the second radiation panel, the rotation mechanism, the coaxial feed structure and the cavity 30 having an opening on one side, reference may be made to the detailed description of the above embodiments, which is not repeated herein.
The feed network is connected with the other end of the coaxial feed structure.
The feed network can adopt a form of combining 1 group of broadband bridges with 2 groups of broadband baluns to realize the amplitude phase required by broadband circular polarization of 4 feed points; the feed network can also adopt 2 groups of broadband balun forms, and the required amplitudes of +/-45-degree broadband linear polarization are equal.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 14, in the case of a feed network in the form of 1 set of broadband bridges in combination with 2 sets of broadband baluns, the feed network comprises a bridge, a first balun and a second balun;
the first output end of the bridge is connected with the input end of the first balun, and the first output end and the second output end of the first balun are connected with the coaxial feed structure; the second output end of the bridge is connected with the input end of the second balun, and the first output end and the second output end of the second balun are connected with the coaxial feed structure; the first input end and the second input end of the bridge are connected with the radio frequency input port.
The bridge may be a width 3dB bridge, but is not limited to a wideband 3dB bridge, and may be other bridges. The first balun and the second balun may be wideband baluns, but are not limited to wideband baluns, and may also be other baluns. The first output end and the second output end of the first balun are respectively and electrically connected with corresponding coaxial lines in the coaxial feed structure. And the first output end and the second output end of the second balun are respectively and electrically connected with corresponding coaxial lines in the coaxial feed structure.
It should be understood that when a signal is input at the first input terminal of the bridge, the output ports are arranged reasonably: 4 output ports (a first output end and a first output end of the first balun and a first output end of the second balun) output constant-amplitude signals, and the phases are in rotation change of 0, 90, 180 and 270; when signals are input at the second input end of the bridge, the reasonable output ports of the first input end of the bridge are combined to be arranged: 4 output ports output signals with equal amplitude, and the phases of the signals are 270, 180 and 90,0 in a rotating change mode; the antenna unit can realize simultaneous left-right rotation of 4 feed points and broadband circular polarization through the feed network, and can realize low axial ratio in the full forward radiation direction.
In one possible embodiment, where the feed network takes the form of 1 set of broadband bridges in combination with 2 sets of broadband baluns, the number of radiating lines in a radiating line group is the same as the number of radiators, and the length of each radiating line in any set of radiating line groups is the same.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 15, in the case of a feed network in the form of 2 sets of wideband baluns, the feed network comprises a third balun and a fourth balun; the first output end and the second output end of the third balun are connected with the coaxial feed structure; the first output end and the second output end of the fourth balun are connected with the coaxial feed structure; and the input end of the third balun and the input end of the fourth balun are connected with the radio frequency input port.
The third balun and the fourth balun may be wideband baluns, but are not limited to wideband baluns, and may also be other baluns. The first output terminal and the second output terminal of the third balun are electrically connected to the corresponding coaxial lines in the coaxial feed structure 30, respectively. The first output terminal and the second output terminal of the fourth balun are electrically connected to the corresponding coaxial lines in the coaxial feed structure 30, respectively.
It will be appreciated that the coaxial feed structure is connected by the first and second outputs of the third balun; the first output end and the second output end of the fourth balun are connected with a coaxial feed structure, the input end of the third balun and the input end of the fourth balun are connected with a radio frequency input port, equal-amplitude phase difference of the output ends can be achieved by feeding at 180 degrees, and the antenna unit can achieve linear polarization of +/-45 degrees of broadband by combining with a feed network.
It should be understood that any one of the two feed networks can be used to get rid of the influence of the height above the ground on the half-wave dipole resonance frequency, and provide a foundation for the broadband frequency reconstruction and the low section and small size of the radiation unit.
In a possible embodiment, in the case that the feed network adopts a 2-group broadband balun, the number of radiation lines in the radiation line group may be the same as or equal to the number of radiators
And the lengths of all the radiation lines in any group of radiation line groups are the same, or the lengths of two opposite radiation lines in all the radiation lines are the same.
The embodiment of the present application further provides an antenna array, where the antenna array includes at least one antenna unit, each antenna unit is arranged in an N × M array, N is the number of each row of antenna units, M is the number of rows of the array, and N and M are positive integers.
An electronic device 700 is further provided in an embodiment of the present application, and fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 16, the antenna array 710 is included. The electronic device 700 may be a radio device for communication, radar, navigation, radio, television, etc. The electronic device 700 may include, but is not limited to, an antenna array 710. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that fig. 16 is merely an example of an electronic device 700 and does not constitute a limitation of electronic device 700 and may include more or fewer components than illustrated, or some of the components may be combined, or different components, e.g., electronic device 700 may further include a processor, memory, input output devices, network access devices, a bus, etc.
The Processor 710 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), and the Processor 710 may be other general purpose Processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, discrete Gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, etc. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
The memory 720 may in some embodiments be an internal storage unit of the terminal device 700, such as a hard disk or a memory of the terminal device 700. The memory 720 may also be an external storage device of the terminal device 700 in other embodiments, such as a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card), and the like, which are provided on the terminal device 700. Further, the memory 720 may also include both an internal storage unit and an external storage device of the terminal device 700. The memory 720 is used for storing an operating system, an application program, a Boot Loader (Boot Loader), data, and other programs, such as program codes of the computer programs. The memory 720 may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output.
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to the related descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described or illustrated in a certain embodiment.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application and are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.
Claims (11)
1. An antenna unit, characterized in that it comprises: the antenna comprises a first radiating panel, a second radiating panel, a rotating mechanism, a coaxial feed structure and a cavity with an opening on one side, wherein the cavity is provided with a plurality of first side plates surrounding the opening and second side plates opposite to the opening and connected with the first side plates;
the first surface of the first radiation panel is connected with each first side plate of the cavity, so that the first radiation panel covers the opening of the cavity;
a first surface of the second radiation panel is in contact with a second surface of the first radiation panel so that the second radiation panel covers the first radiation panel, wherein the second surface of the first radiation panel is opposite to the first surface of the first radiation panel;
at least one radiator is arranged on the second surface of the first radiation panel, wherein the radiator comprises a radiation arm and an auxiliary radiation arm which are in a straight line, and a preset length is arranged between the radiation arm and the auxiliary radiation arm at intervals;
at least one group of radiation line groups are distributed on the second surface of the second radiation panel, wherein each radiation line group comprises at least one radiation line, the radiation lines in the radiation line group are arranged on the second surface of the second radiation panel in a surrounding manner by taking the central point of the second radiation panel as the center, and the number of the radiation lines in the radiation line group is the same as that of the radiators or the number of the radiation lines is that of the radiators
The length of the radiation lines in the radiation line group is less than or equal to the preset length;
the second radiation panel is fixed at one end of the rotating mechanism, and the other end of the rotating mechanism penetrates through the first radiation panel and the second side plate of the cavity, wherein the rotating mechanism is used for driving the second radiation panel to rotate when rotating so as to change the position relationship between the radiation line group in the second radiation panel and the radiator in the first radiation panel, and thus the arm length of the radiation arm is changed;
one end of the coaxial feed structure is connected with the radiator of the first radiation panel, and the other end of the coaxial feed structure penetrates through the second side plate of the cavity.
2. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the antenna unit further comprises: a feed network;
the feed network is connected with the other end of the coaxial feed structure.
3. The antenna unit of claim 2, wherein the feed network comprises a bridge, a first balun, and a second balun;
a first output end of the bridge is connected with an input end of the first balun, and a first output end and a second output end of the first balun are connected with the coaxial feed structure;
a second output end of the bridge is connected with an input end of the second balun, and a first output end and a second output end of the second balun are connected with the coaxial feed structure;
the first input end and the second input end of the electric bridge are connected with the radio frequency input port.
4. The antenna element of claim 2, wherein said feed network comprises a third balun and a fourth balun;
the first output end and the second output end of the third balun are connected with the coaxial feed structure; a first output end and a second output end of the fourth balun are connected with the coaxial feed structure; and the input end of the third balun and the input end of the fourth balun are connected with a radio frequency input port.
5. The antenna element of claim 1, wherein an end metallized hole of said coaxial feed structure is connected to a feed end of said radiator.
6. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein when a plurality of the radiators are disposed on the second surface of the first radiating panel, each of the radiators is disposed around a center point of the first radiating panel on the second surface of the first radiating panel, and an included angle between adjacent radiators is the same.
7. The antenna unit of claim 6, wherein an angle between adjacent ones of the radiating lines in the radiating line group is the same, and an angle between adjacent ones of the radiating lines is the same as an angle between adjacent ones of the radiators.
8. The antenna unit according to any of claims 1-7, wherein when a plurality of said radial line groups are disposed on the second surface of the second radiation panel, the radiation lines in each of said radial line groups are disposed on the second surface of the second radiation panel at intervals from the radiation lines in the other of said radial line groups, and the length of the radiation lines in said radial line groups is different from the length of the radiation lines in the other of said radial line groups.
9. The antenna unit of any of claims 1-7, wherein the rotation mechanism comprises: a rotating rod and a driving element;
the second radiation panel is fixed in the one end of rotary rod, the other end of rotary rod passes first radiation panel with the second curb plate of cavity is fixed in on the driver element, wherein, driver element is used for the drive the rotary rod is rotatory, drive when the rotary rod is rotatory the second radiation panel is rotatory.
10. An antenna array comprising at least one antenna element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, each of said antenna elements being arranged in an N x M array, N being the number of antenna elements in each column, M being the number of columns in the array, and N and M being positive integers.
11. An electronic device comprising an antenna array according to claim 10.
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