CN115624099A - Feed additive for cows, preparation method of feed additive and cow feed - Google Patents

Feed additive for cows, preparation method of feed additive and cow feed Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115624099A
CN115624099A CN202211310592.8A CN202211310592A CN115624099A CN 115624099 A CN115624099 A CN 115624099A CN 202211310592 A CN202211310592 A CN 202211310592A CN 115624099 A CN115624099 A CN 115624099A
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degrading enzyme
feed additive
glucomannan
modified
cows
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李婉
韩继福
王岗
刘桂瑞
王伟
赵军
傅仲
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Beijing Jiuzhou Dadi Biological Technology Group Co ltd
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Beijing Jiuzhou Dadi Biological Technology Group Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
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    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
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    • A23K—FODDER
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
    • A23L5/25—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification using enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
    • A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
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    • C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
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    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of cow feed, and particularly discloses a feed additive for cows, a preparation method of the feed additive and cow feed. The feed additive is mainly prepared from the following raw materials: corn protein powder, amino acid, compound organic trace elements, vitamin A, modified glucomannan, degrading enzyme modified diatomite, lactic acid bacteria and lotus seed powder; the modified glucomannan is obtained by treating glucomannan with sodium hexametaphosphate and maleic anhydride; the degrading enzyme modified diatomite is obtained by treating the diatomite with zearalenone degrading enzyme and aflatoxin degrading enzyme. The feed additive for the cows can reduce free mycotoxin in cow feed, inhibit mycotoxin in cow feed, improve metabolism level of the cows, promote the mutual matching of liver and kidney detoxification and detoxification functions, and obviously reduce the influence of the mycotoxin on the reproductive capacity of the cows.

Description

Feed additive for cows, preparation method of feed additive and cow feed
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of cow feed, in particular to a feed additive for cows, a preparation method thereof and cow feed.
Background
With the development of society, the breeding industry gradually tends to centralization and high efficiency. For cow breeding, feeding cow feed is inevitably needed in the breeding process. Grains in the cow feed are easy to mildew due to humidity, temperature and the like before being harvested, stored and processed, and the cow feed is possibly polluted by mycotoxin. Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites generated in the growth and propagation processes of molds, and mainly comprise aflatoxin, zearalenone and the like.
After farmers carelessly feed cows with mycotoxin, although cows can detoxify and detoxify through their stomachs, livers and kidneys, the loads of the stomachs, the livers and the kidneys are limited, and mycotoxin cannot be completely eliminated. If the feed containing mycotoxin is fed for a long time, the accumulation of mycotoxin is inevitably caused, and the mycotoxin poisoning of cows is caused. If the cow is in the non-pregnant period, the cow is easy to have problems of no estrus, unobvious estrus, slow estrus, long-term infertility and the like, and if the cow is in the pregnant period, the cow is easy to have problems of abortion, premature birth, stillbirth, deformity and the like, so that the reproductive capacity of the cow is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the influence of mycotoxin in cow feed on cow reproductive capacity, the application provides a feed additive for cows, a preparation method thereof and cow feed.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a feed additive for cows, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a feed additive for cows is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of corn protein powder, 9-11 parts of amino acid, 0.8-1.2 parts of compound organic trace element, 13-17 parts of vitamin A, 14-16 parts of modified glucomannan, 9-11 parts of degrading enzyme modified diatomite, 12-14 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 0.3-0.8 part of lotus seed powder;
the modified glucomannan is obtained by treating glucomannan with sodium hexametaphosphate and maleic anhydride; the diatomite modified by the degrading enzyme is obtained by treating the diatomite with zearalenone degrading enzyme and aflatoxin degrading enzyme.
The feed additive has the advantages that the removal rate of single zearalenone is more than 75%, the removal rate of single aflatoxin is more than 81%, the total removal rate of two mycotoxins is more than 74%, and the excellent mycotoxin removal effect is shown. When the compound premix is applied to cow feed, the milk yield of 0-14 days after delivery of the cow is 38.94 kg/head/d, and the milk yield of 15-21 days after delivery is 49.83 kg/head/d, so that the milk yield of the cow is improved, the death rate of calves of the cows is reduced, the pregnancy rate of the cows is improved, and the influence of mycotoxin on the reproductive capacity of the cow is obviously reduced.
The glucomannan in the modified glucomannan is not easy to digest and can be discharged out of the body of the cow, and the surface of the glucomannan contains a large number of active groups such as hydroxyl groups and the like, so that mycotoxin can be adsorbed. In the application, the glucomannan is treated by the sodium hexametaphosphate, so that a plurality of glucomannans are aggregated to form a strip shape, then the maleic anhydride is grafted to the glucomannan to form a branched chain, and further the modified glucomannan is shown as the strip shape with the branched chain. The molecular weight of the modified glucomannan is increased by the mutual matching of the sodium hexametaphosphate and the maleic anhydride, and the modified glucomannan is provided with branched chains, so that the adsorption capacity of the modified glucomannan to mycotoxin is improved.
The zearalenone degrading enzyme and the aflatoxin degrading enzyme in the degrading enzyme modified diatomite are loaded in pores of the diatomite, the diatomite adsorbs mycotoxin, and then the zearalenone and the aflatoxin are decomposed under the action of the corresponding degrading enzymes to form a nontoxic substance, so that the degrading enzyme modified diatomite shows double effects of adsorption and degradation, and the diatomite increases the concentrations of the zearalenone and the aflatoxin, and improves the degrading effects of the zearalenone degrading enzyme and the aflatoxin degrading enzyme. In the application, the performance of the diatomite modified by the degrading enzyme is improved through the mutual matching of the zearalenone degrading enzyme, the aflatoxin degrading enzyme and the diatomite.
Lactic acid bacteria are capable of producing mycotoxin inhibitory complexes, thereby effectively inhibiting mycotoxin production. In addition, the lactobacillus can also degrade partial mycotoxin, and reduce the load of stomach, liver and kidney in the cow. The feed additive is characterized in that modified glucomannan, degrading enzyme modified diatomite and lactic acid bacteria are added into raw materials at the same time, and the influence of mycotoxin on the reproductive capacity of cows is reduced through mutual matching of the modified glucomannan, the degrading enzyme modified diatomite and the lactic acid bacteria.
Meanwhile, the raw materials of the feed additive are also added with corn protein powder, amino acid, compound organic trace elements and vitamin A, so that the nutritional value of the feed additive can be increased, comprehensive nutrition is provided for cows, and the metabolism level of the cows is improved. The lotus seed powder is added, and has the effects of protecting liver and kidney, nourishing heart, soothing nerves, improving microcirculation, promoting toxin discharge, promoting the liver to generate immune protein and improving the immunity of cows. In the application, the influence of mycotoxin on the reproductive performance of the cows is reduced by reducing free mycotoxin in the cow feed, inhibiting the generation of mycotoxin in the cow feed, improving the metabolic level of the cows and promoting the mutual matching of the functions of detoxifying and expelling toxins of liver and kidney.
Optionally, the modified glucomannan is prepared by the following method:
SA, adding sodium chloride and sodium hexametaphosphate into water, stirring and uniformly mixing, then adjusting the pH value to 3-4, then heating to 50-70 ℃, adding glucomannan, stirring for 1-2h, then adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5, cooling to 5-15 ℃, filtering, washing and drying to obtain a primary finished product;
and SB, adding a first part of maleic anhydride into water, stirring and uniformly mixing, heating to 50-70 ℃, adding the primary product, stirring for 5-7h, adding potassium persulfate, dropwise adding a second part of maleic anhydride, dropwise adding the second part of maleic anhydride within 30-50min, stirring for 3-5h after dropwise adding is finished, adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5, cooling to 5-15 ℃, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the modified glucomannan.
Optionally, the weight ratio of the glucomannan, the sodium hexametaphosphate, the first part of maleic anhydride and the second part of maleic anhydride is (4-6), (0.8-1.2), (1.5-2.5) and (0.3-0.8). Preferably, the weight ratio of the glucomannan, the sodium hexametaphosphate, the first part of maleic anhydride and the second part of maleic anhydride is 5.
First, glucomannan is treated by sodium hexametaphosphate, so that a plurality of glucomannan can be aggregated into a strip shape to obtain a primary finished product. Maleic anhydride is hydrolyzed in water to form maleic acid, and then the primary product is added, the hydroxyl active group on the surface of the primary product reacts with maleic acid, and the maleic acid is grafted to the surface of the primary product. Further, potassium persulfate and a second part of maleic anhydride are added, and the maleic anhydride reacts with maleic acid on the surface of the primary finished product, so that the length of a branched chain on the peripheral surface of the primary finished product is effectively increased, the modified glucomannan is obtained and is in a strip shape with branched chains, the performance of the modified glucomannan is improved, mycotoxin is adsorbed, and the influence of the mycotoxin on the reproductive performance of cows is reduced.
Furthermore, in the step SA, the weight ratio of the water, the sodium chloride and the sodium hexametaphosphate is (90-110): (0.1-0.3): 0.8-1.2). In the step SB, the weight ratio of the water to the first part of the maleic anhydride is (90-110) to (1.5-2.5).
In the step SA and the step SB, hydrochloric acid solution is adopted to adjust the pH value, and the mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1-10%. In the washing, an ethanol solution is adopted for washing, and the mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 10-50%.
Optionally, the degrading enzyme modified diatomite is prepared by the following method:
sa, adding zearalenone degrading enzyme and aflatoxin degrading enzyme into water at the temperature of 25-35 ℃, and stirring for 8-12h to obtain an enzyme mixed material;
and Sb, adding diatomite into the enzyme mixture at the temperature of 25-35 ℃, stirring for 7-9h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the degrading enzyme modified diatomite.
Optionally, the weight ratio of the diatomite, the zearalenone degrading enzyme and the aflatoxin degrading enzyme is (4-6): (1.5-2.5): (0.5-1.5).
By adopting the technical scheme, the zearalenone degrading enzyme and the aflatoxin degrading enzyme are dispersed in water and further loaded in the diatomite, so that the preparation of the diatomite modified by the degrading enzyme is facilitated.
Furthermore, in the step Sa, the weight ratio of the water to the zearalenone degrading enzyme is (40-60) to (1.5-2.5).
Optionally, the diatomaceous earth is pretreated before use as follows: and (3) carrying out heat preservation treatment on the diatomite for 1-3h at the temperature of 400-500 ℃, cooling, washing with water, and drying to obtain the pretreated diatomite.
By adopting the technical scheme, the diatomite is subjected to high-temperature treatment, organic matter residues in the diatomite can be effectively removed, then washing is carried out, water-soluble harmful substances in the diatomite can be effectively removed, the diatomite is pretreated, the load capacity of zearalenone degrading enzyme and aflatoxin degrading enzyme is effectively increased, and the performance of the degrading enzyme modified diatomite is improved.
Optionally, the glucomannan is konjac glucomannan, and/or,
the lactic acid bacteria are Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and/or,
the amino acid is one or two of L-lysine and DL-methionine, and/or,
the composite organic trace element is one or more of organic zinc, organic manganese, organic copper and organic cobalt.
Optionally, the amino acid is L-lysine and DL-methionine, the weight ratio of the L-lysine to the DL-methionine is (4-6): (0.5-1.5), and/or the composite organic trace element is four, namely organic zinc, organic manganese, organic copper and organic cobalt, and the weight ratio of the organic zinc, the organic manganese, the organic copper and the organic cobalt is (6.5-7.5): 1.2-1.4): 2.5-3.0): 7.5-8.5.
The L-lysine is alkaline essential amino acid, can increase the nutritional value of the feed additive, can promote growth and development, can be combined with calcium to form calcium-binding protein, promotes calcium absorption, accelerates bone growth, relieves the calcium deficiency of cows, and improves the immunity of organisms. DL-methionine is sulfur-containing essential amino acid, and can increase the nutritive value of feed additive, promote appetite, methylate toxic substance or drug to detoxify, relieve kidney detoxication load, and improve disease resistance of organism. The organic zinc, the organic manganese, the organic copper and the organic cobalt can provide trace elements for the cow, can also promote the development of ovaries, reduce the conditions of abortion, difficult parturition, early stillbirth and malformation and improve the reproductive performance of the cow.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a preparation method of the feed additive for cows, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the feed additive for the cows comprises the following steps: adding amino acid, compound organic trace elements, vitamin A, modified glucomannan, degrading enzyme modified diatomite, lactic acid bacteria and lotus seed powder into the corn protein powder, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the feed additive.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a cow feed, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the feed additive for the cows comprises 0.1-1% of the total weight of other raw materials.
By adopting the technical scheme, the preparation of the cow feed is convenient.
Further, the cow feed is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 310-350 parts of corn, 30-40 parts of guniting corn bran, 80-90 parts of wheat husk, 200-230 parts of cottonseed meal, 90-100 parts of sweet potato, 100-130 parts of glutamic acid residue, 20-30 parts of cane molasses, 1-10 parts of edible salt, 5-15 parts of magnesium chloride and 70-90 parts of limestone powder, and also comprises a feed additive, wherein the using amount of the feed additive is 0.1-1% of the total weight of other raw materials.
In summary, the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. the feed additive for the cows, disclosed by the application, has the advantages that through the synergistic interaction among the modified glucomannan, the degrading enzyme modified diatomite and the lactic acid bacteria, the corn protein powder, the amino acid, the compound organic trace elements, the vitamin A and the lotus seed powder are matched, the free mycotoxin in the cow feed is reduced, the mycotoxin in the cow feed is inhibited, the metabolism level of the cows is improved, the mutual matching between the liver and kidney detoxifying and detoxifying functions is promoted, and the influence of the mycotoxin on the reproductive capacity of the cows is obviously reduced.
2. In the preparation method of the modified glucomannan, the glucomannan is sequentially treated by sodium hexametaphosphate, the first part of maleic anhydride and the second part of maleic anhydride, so that the modified glucomannan is in a strip shape with branched chains, the performance of the modified glucomannan is improved, and the influence of mycotoxin on the reproductive performance of cows is reduced.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present application easier to understand, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples, which are only illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the present application. The starting materials or components used in the present application may be commercially or conventionally prepared unless otherwise specified.
Preparation example
Preparation example I-1
A modified glucomannan obtained by treating glucomannan with sodium hexametaphosphate and maleic anhydride and prepared by the following method:
SA, adding 0.2kg of sodium chloride and 1kg of sodium hexametaphosphate into 100kg of water, and stirring for 30min. Then, the pH value is adjusted to 3.5 by adopting a hydrochloric acid solution with the mass concentration of 5%. Then, the temperature was raised to 60 ℃ and 5kg of glucomannan was added and stirred for 1.5 hours. Then, the pH value is adjusted to 7 by adopting a hydrochloric acid solution with the mass concentration of 5%. Cooling to 10 deg.C, and filtering. Washing with 30% ethanol solution 5 times, wherein the amount of ethanol solution is 5 times of the weight of glucomannan. And then drying the mixture to constant weight at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain a primary finished product.
Wherein the glucomannan is konjac glucomannan selected from Sichuan Yolun Tougui Biotechnology Limited.
SB, the first 2kg portion of maleic anhydride was added to 100kg of water and stirred for 30min. And then heating to 60 ℃, adding the primary finished product obtained in the step SA, and stirring for 6 hours. Then 0.01kg of potassium persulfate is added, then 0.5kg of second part of maleic anhydride is dripped, and after the second part of maleic anhydride is dripped within 40min, stirring for 4h. Then, the pH value is adjusted to 7 by adopting a hydrochloric acid solution with the mass concentration of 5%. Cooling to 10 deg.C, and filtering. Washing with 30% ethanol solution 5 times, wherein the amount of ethanol solution is 5 times of the weight of glucomannan. And drying at 60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the modified glucomannan.
Preparation example I-2
A modified glucomannan which differs from preparation I-1 in that the preparation process differs in step SB.
The step SB is specifically: 2.5kg of maleic anhydride was added to 50kg of water, and the mixture was stirred for 30min. And then heating to 60 ℃, adding the primary finished product obtained in the step SA, and stirring for 10 hours. Then, the pH value is adjusted to 7 by adopting a hydrochloric acid solution with the mass concentration of 5%. Cooling to 10 deg.C, and filtering. Washing with 30% ethanol solution 5 times, wherein the amount of ethanol solution is 5 times of the weight of glucomannan. And drying at 60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the modified glucomannan.
Preparation example I-3
A modified glucomannan which differs from preparation I-1 in that the modified glucomannan is obtained by treating glucomannan with sodium hexametaphosphate, i.e., in a preparation process in which step SB is not carried out.
Preparation example I-4
A modified glucomannan which differs from preparation I-1 in that the modified glucomannan is obtained by treatment of the glucomannan with maleic anhydride, i.e.in that no step SA is carried out in the preparation.
Preparation example II-1
The diatomite modified by degrading enzyme is obtained by treating the diatomite with zearalenone degrading enzyme and aflatoxin degrading enzyme, and is prepared by the following method:
s0, keeping the temperature of 5kg of diatomite at 450 ℃ for 2h. The temperature is reduced to 25 ℃. The mixture was washed 3 times with water, and the amount of water used was 5 times the weight of diatomaceous earth. Then, the temperature is kept at 110 ℃ for 2h. And cooling to 25 ℃ to obtain pretreated diatomite.
Wherein the diatomaceous earth is selected from Hubei Xin Rundchemical Co.
And Sa, adding 2kg of zearalenone degrading enzyme and 1kg of aflatoxin degrading enzyme into 50kg of water at the temperature of 30 ℃, and stirring for 10 hours to obtain an enzyme mixture.
Wherein the zearalenone degrading enzyme is zearalenone degrading enzyme ZHD; the aflatoxin-degrading enzyme is selected from Guangzhou Keren bioengineering Co.
And Sb, adding the kieselguhr obtained in the step Sa into the enzyme mixture obtained in the step Sb at the temperature of 30 ℃, and stirring for 8 hours. And (4) filtering. The mixture is washed 3 times by water, and the amount of the water used in each time is 5 times of the weight of the diatomite. And then drying the diatomite to constant weight at the temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain the degrading enzyme modified diatomite.
Preparation example II-2
A degrading enzyme-modified diatomaceous earth differing from preparation example II-1 in that diatomaceous earth was not subjected to pretreatment, that is, step S0 was not performed in the preparation method.
Preparation example II-3
A degrading enzyme-modified diatomaceous earth is different from that in preparation example II-1 in that the degrading enzyme-modified diatomaceous earth is obtained by treating diatomaceous earth with a zearalenone degrading enzyme, that is, in step Sa, an equivalent amount of zearalenone degrading enzyme is used in place of aflatoxin degrading enzyme.
Preparation example II-4
A degrading enzyme-modified diatomaceous earth, which is different from preparation example II-1 in that the degrading enzyme-modified diatomaceous earth is obtained by treating diatomaceous earth with an aflatoxin-degrading enzyme, that is, in step Sa, zearalenone-degrading enzyme is replaced with an equal amount of aflatoxin-degrading enzyme.
Examples
TABLE 1 examples of the contents of the respective raw materials of the high-zinc feed additive (unit: kg)
Examples Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
Corn protein powder 35 30 40
Amino acids 10 11 9
Composite organic trace elements 1 1.2 0.8
Vitamin A 15 17 13
Modified glucomannan 15 14 16
Modified diatomite with degrading enzyme 10 11 9
Lactic acid bacteria 13 14 12
Lotus seed powder 0.5 0.3 0.8
Example 1
A feed additive for cow comprises raw materials in proportion as shown in Table 1.
Wherein the corn protein powder is selected from chemical industry Limited of Minxin of Jinnan; the lactobacillus is Lactobacillus bulgaricus and is selected from Shandong Probiotics science and technology Limited; the lotus seed powder is selected from Shaanxi Hongze bioengineering limited company; modified glucomannan prepared by preparation example I-1; the degrading enzyme modified diatomite was obtained by the method of preparation example II-1.
The amino acid is L-lysine and DL-methionine, and the weight ratio of the L-lysine to the DL-methionine is 5:1; the composite organic trace elements are four kinds of organic zinc, organic manganese, organic copper and organic cobalt, and the organic zinc is zinc glycinate; the organic manganese is manganese glycinate; the organic copper is glycine ketone; the organic cobalt is cobalt glycinate, and the weight ratio of zinc glycinate, manganese glycinate, glycine ketone and cobalt glycinate is 7.3.
A preparation method of a feed additive for cows comprises the following steps: adding amino acid, compound organic microelement, vitamin A, modified glucomannan, and degrading enzyme modified diatomite into corn protein powder, and stirring for 30min. Then adding lactobacillus and lotus seed powder, stirring for 30min to obtain the feed additive.
Examples 2 to 3
A feed additive for cows, which is different from example 1 in the ratio of raw materials of the feed additive, and the ratio of raw materials of the feed additive is shown in table 1.
Example 4
A feed additive for cows, which is different from example 1 in that the source of modified glucomannan among the raw materials of the feed additive is different, and the modified glucomannan is prepared by the method of preparation example I-2.
Example 5
A feed additive for cows, which is different from example 1 in that the sources of the enzyme-degrading modified diatomaceous earth are different in the raw materials of the feed additive, and the enzyme-degrading modified diatomaceous earth is obtained by the method of preparation example II-2.
Application example
Application example 1
A cow feed comprises the following raw materials: 333kg of corn, 37kg of sprayed corn bran, 87kg of wheat husk, 214kg of cottonseed meal, 95kg of sweet potato, 112kg of glutamic acid residue, 27kg of cane molasses, 5kg of edible salt, 10kg of magnesium chloride, 80kg of limestone powder and 5kg of feed additive.
Wherein, the corn, the gunite corn bran, the wheat Ao Pi, the cottonseed meal, the sweet potato, the glutamic acid residue, the cane molasses, the edible salt, the magnesium chloride and the limestone powder are all sold in the common market; the feed additive was prepared as in example 1.
Application examples 2 to 5
A cow feed is characterized in that the sources of feed additives in raw materials of the cow feed are different, and the feed additives in application examples 2-5 are respectively prepared in preparation examples 2-5 in sequence.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
A feed additive for cows is different from that of example 1 in that in the raw materials of the feed additive, the degrading enzyme modified diatomite and the modified glucomannan are replaced by corn protein powder with the same amount.
Comparative example 2
A feed additive for cows, which is different from example 1 in that modified glucomannan is replaced with an equal amount of degradation enzyme-modified diatomaceous earth in the raw materials of the feed additive.
Comparative example 3
A feed additive for cows, which is different from example 1 in that in the raw material of the feed additive, a degrading enzyme-modified diatomaceous earth is replaced with an equal amount of modified glucomannan.
Comparative example 4
A feed additive for cows, which is different from example 1 in that in the raw materials of the feed additive, the degrading enzyme modified diatomite, the modified glucomannan and the lactic acid bacteria are replaced by corn protein powder with the same amount.
Comparative example 5
The feed additive for the cows is different from the feed additive in example 1 in that lactic acid bacteria are replaced by equivalent degrading enzyme modified diatomite and modified glucomannan, and the weight ratio of the degrading enzyme modified diatomite to the modified glucomannan is 15.
Comparative example 6
A feed additive for cows, which is different from example 1 in that the raw materials of the feed additive are modified diatomaceous earth and modified glucomannan by degrading enzymes, and the same amount of lactic acid bacteria is replaced with the same amount of the modified glucomannan.
Comparative example 7
A feed additive for cows, which is different from example 1 in that modified glucomannan is replaced with an equal amount of glucomannan in the raw materials of the feed additive.
Comparative example 8
A feed additive for cows, which is different from example 1 in that in the raw materials of the feed additive, modified glucomannan obtained by treating glucomannan with sodium hexametaphosphate was replaced with an equal amount of esterified glucomannan prepared by the method of preparation I-3.
Comparative example 9
A feed additive for cows, which is different from example 1 in that modified glucomannan obtained by treating glucomannan with maleic anhydride was replaced with an equal amount of esterified glucomannan as a raw material of the feed additive, i.e., the modified glucomannan was prepared according to preparation example I-4.
Comparative example 10
A feed additive for cows, which is different from example 1 in that in the raw material of the feed additive, diatomaceous earth modified with a degrading enzyme is replaced with an equal amount of diatomaceous earth.
Comparative example 11
A feed additive for cows, which is different from example 1 in that the source of the degrading enzyme-modified diatomaceous earth is different and the degrading enzyme-modified diatomaceous earth is prepared by preparation example II-3, i.e., the degrading enzyme-modified diatomaceous earth is obtained by treating diatomaceous earth with zearalenone degrading enzyme.
Comparative example 12
A feed additive for cows is different from that in example 1 in that the sources of the degrading enzyme modified diatomite in the raw materials of the feed additive are different, and the degrading enzyme modified diatomite is prepared by the preparation example II-4, namely the degrading enzyme modified diatomite is obtained by treating the diatomite with the aflatoxin degrading enzyme.
Comparative example 13
The feed additive for the cows is different from the feed additive in example 1 in that the raw materials of the feed additive are replaced by zearalenone degrading enzyme, aflatoxin degrading enzyme and diatomite in equal amount, and the weight ratio of the zearalenone degrading enzyme to the aflatoxin degrading enzyme to the diatomite is 2.
Comparative application example
Comparative examples of use 1 to 12
A cow feed is characterized in that the sources of feed additives in raw materials of the cow feed are different, and the feed additives in application comparative examples 1-12 are respectively prepared in comparative examples 1-13 in sequence.
Comparative application example 13
A cow feed which is different from application example 1 in that a feed additive is replaced with an equal amount of corn in the raw materials of the cow feed.
Performance detection
(1) The feed additives obtained in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 13 were taken as samples, respectively, and the following performance tests were carried out on the samples, and the test results are shown in Table 2.
Wherein, the single mycotoxin removing effect adopts the following method: to 6kg of water were added 45g of sodium chloride, 1g of sodium dihydrogenphosphate and 20g of disodium hydrogenphosphate, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. And then heating to 30 ℃, adding mycotoxin, and stirring for 5min to obtain a treatment liquid a, wherein the mycotoxin is one of zearalenone and aflatoxin B1, and the concentration of the mycotoxin is 3ppm. Then, a sample was added to the treatment solution a, and the mixture was stirred for 4 hours to give a sample concentration of 2g/L. Filtering to obtain filtrate a. And (4) detecting the content of the mycotoxin in the filtrate a by adopting a high performance liquid chromatography, and calculating the removal rate of the mycotoxin. At the same time, a blank control was made, to which no sample was added.
Mycotoxin removal rate/(%) = (mycotoxin content in treatment liquid a-mycotoxin content in filtrate a)/mycotoxin content in treatment liquid a × 100%.
The following methods were used for the two mycotoxin removal effects: to 6kg of water were added 45g of sodium chloride, 1g of sodium dihydrogenphosphate and 20g of disodium hydrogenphosphate, and the mixture was stirred for 10min. And then heating to 30 ℃, adding two kinds of mycotoxins, and stirring for 5min to obtain a treatment liquid B, wherein the mycotoxins are zearalenone and aflatoxin B1, the concentration of zearalenone is 1.5ppm, and the concentration of aflatoxin B1 is 1.5ppm. Then, a sample was added to the treatment solution b, and the mixture was stirred for 4 hours to give a sample concentration of 2g/L. And filtering to obtain filtrate b. And (3) detecting the contents of the zearalenone and the aflatoxin B1 in the filtrate B by adopting a high performance liquid chromatography, and calculating the actual total removal rate of the mycotoxin and the theoretical total removal rate of the mycotoxin. At the same time, a blank control was made, to which no sample was added.
Theoretical total mycotoxin removal = (zearalenone only removal × 1.5+ aflatoxin only removal × 1.5)/3 × 100%.
TABLE 2 mycotoxin removal Effect
Figure BDA0003907903980000111
With reference to table 2, in example 1, for a single mycotoxin, the single zearalenone removal rate was 75.43% and the single aflatoxin removal rate was 81.34%. For both mycotoxins, the theoretical total mycotoxin removal was 78.39% and the actual total mycotoxin removal was 74.52%. Therefore, the actual total mycotoxin removal rate is lower than the theoretical total mycotoxin removal rate, which is probably because zearalenone and aflatoxin have a competitive relationship, so that the removal effect of the two mycotoxins is influenced. Further, although there is a competitive relationship among various mycotoxins, the actual total mycotoxin removal rate of the feed additive is 70.29-74.52%, and the feed additive keeps a good removal effect on mycotoxins.
Example 1 and comparative examples 1-3 were compared and based on comparative example 1. Comparative example 2 compared to comparative example 1, the feed additive was prepared by adding diatomaceous earth modified with degrading enzyme to the raw materials; comparative example 3 compared to comparative example 1, modified glucomannan was added to the feed additive raw material; example 1 compared to comparative example 1, the feed additive was prepared by adding both the degrading enzyme-modified diatomaceous earth and the modified glucomannan to the raw materials. Therefore, the removal effect of the mycotoxin can be effectively improved through the synergistic interaction between the degrading enzyme modified diatomite and the modified glucomannan.
Example 1 and comparative examples 4 to 6 were compared, and based on comparative example 4, meanwhile, the degrading enzyme-modified diatomaceous earth, modified glucomannan were regarded as a whole and defined as a composite powder. Comparative example 5 compared with comparative example 4, the raw materials of the feed additive are added with the composite powder; comparative example 6 compared to comparative example 4, lactic acid bacteria were added to the raw materials of the feed additive; example 1 compared to comparative example 4, the raw materials of the feed additive were added with composite powder and lactic acid bacteria. Therefore, the removal effect of the mycotoxin can be improved through the synergistic effect between the composite powder and the lactic acid bacteria, namely the synergistic effect between the degrading enzyme modified diatomite, the modified glucomannan and the lactic acid bacteria.
Example 1, comparative examples 7-9 were compared and based on comparative example 7. Comparative example 8 with respect to comparative example 7, in the raw materials of the feed additive, the esterified glucomannan was obtained by treating glucomannan with sodium hexametaphosphate; comparative example 9 compared to comparative example 7, in the raw materials of the feed additive, the esterified glucomannan is obtained by treating glucomannan with maleic anhydride; example 1 relative to comparative example 7, in the raw materials of the feed additive, the modified glucomannan is obtained by treating glucomannan with sodium hexametaphosphate and maleic anhydride. Therefore, the synergistic increase of the sodium hexametaphosphate and the maleic anhydride can effectively increase the performance of the modified glucomannan and improve the removal effect of the mycotoxin.
Example 1, comparative example 13 were compared and based on comparative example 13. Example 1 with respect to comparative example 13, in the raw materials of the feed additive, zearalenone degrading enzyme and aflatoxin degrading enzyme were supported on diatomaceous earth to obtain degrading enzyme-modified diatomaceous earth. Therefore, the performance of the zearalenone degrading enzyme and the aflatoxin degrading enzyme can be improved and the removal effect of mycotoxin can be improved through the synergistic interaction among the diatomite, the zearalenone degrading enzyme and the aflatoxin degrading enzyme.
(2) 75 Angus cows with good health status were selected from the cattle farm and randomly divided into 5 groups of 15 cows. Feeding cow feed obtained in application example 1 in group 1; 2-4 groups were fed with the cow feed obtained in comparative examples 10-12; the cow feed obtained in comparative example 13 was applied to 5 groups. Feeding each group of cows 30 days before birth, and feeding once at 8, 13 and 18 points respectively until the next mating. The cows of each group were tested and the results are shown in table 3.
Wherein, the following pretreatment is carried out before the cow feed is fed: the content of zearalenone and aflatoxin in the cow feed is detected, the cow feed obtained in application example 1, application comparative examples 10-12 and application comparative example 13 has zearalenone concentration of about 50ppb and aflatoxin concentration of 100ppb, zearalenone is continuously added to make the concentration of 500ppb, and aflatoxin is added to make the concentration of 500ppb.
TABLE 3 feed for cows
Figure BDA0003907903980000131
With the combination of table 3, the feed additive can obviously increase the milk yield of the cow when being applied to the cow feed, the milk yield 0-14 days after delivery is 38.94 kg/head/d, and the milk yield 15-21 days after delivery is 49.83 kg/head/d. Can also reduce the death rate of the born calf, improve the pregnancy rate of the cow, reduce the influence of mycotoxin on the reproductive capacity of the cow and meet the market demand, wherein the pregnancy rate of the cow is 86.67 percent.
Application example 1 and application comparative examples 10 to 12 were compared, and based on application comparative example 10. Compared with the application comparative example 10, in the raw materials of the feed additive, the diatomite modified by the degrading enzyme is obtained by treating the diatomite with zearalenone degrading enzyme; compared with the application comparative example 10, in the raw materials of the feed additive, the enzyme-degrading modified diatomite is obtained by treating the diatomite with aflatoxin degrading enzyme; application example 1 in comparison with application comparative example 10, in the raw materials of the feed additive, the diatomite modified by the degrading enzyme is obtained by treating the diatomite with zearalenone degrading enzyme and aflatoxin degrading enzyme. Therefore, the synergistic effect of the zearalenone degrading enzyme and the aflatoxin degrading enzyme can effectively improve the performance of the degrading enzyme modified diatomite, improve the milk yield of cows, reduce the death rate of calves born, and increase the pregnancy rate of cows.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for explaining the present application and do not constitute any limitation to the present application. The present application has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, but the words which have been used herein are words of description and illustration, rather than words of limitation. Modifications may be made to the invention as specified within the scope of the claims and the invention may be modified without departing from the scope and spirit of the application. Although the present application has been described herein with reference to particular means, materials and embodiments, the present application is not intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed herein, but rather extends to all other means and applications having the same functionality.

Claims (10)

1. A feed additive for cows, characterized in that: the traditional Chinese medicine composition is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of corn protein powder, 9-11 parts of amino acid, 0.8-1.2 parts of compound organic trace element, 13-17 parts of vitamin A, 14-16 parts of modified glucomannan, 9-11 parts of degrading enzyme modified diatomite, 12-14 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 0.3-0.8 part of lotus seed powder;
the modified glucomannan is obtained by treating glucomannan with sodium hexametaphosphate and maleic anhydride; the degrading enzyme modified diatomite is obtained by treating the diatomite with zearalenone degrading enzyme and aflatoxin degrading enzyme.
2. A feed additive for cows according to claim 1, wherein: the modified glucomannan is prepared by the following method:
SA, adding sodium chloride and sodium hexametaphosphate into water, stirring and uniformly mixing, then adjusting the pH value to 3-4, then heating to 50-70 ℃, adding glucomannan, stirring for 1-2h, then adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5, cooling to 5-15 ℃, filtering, washing and drying to obtain a primary finished product;
SB, adding a first part of maleic anhydride into water, stirring and uniformly mixing, then heating to 50-70 ℃, adding the primary finished product, stirring for 5-7h, then adding potassium persulfate, then dropwise adding a second part of maleic anhydride, dropwise adding the second part of maleic anhydride within 30-50min, stirring for 3-5h after dropwise adding is finished, then adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5, cooling to 5-15 ℃, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the modified glucomannan.
3. A feed additive for cows according to claim 2, wherein: the weight ratio of the glucomannan, the sodium hexametaphosphate, the first part of maleic anhydride and the second part of maleic anhydride is (4-6), (0.8-1.2), (1.5-2.5) and (0.3-0.8).
4. A feed additive for cows according to claim 1, wherein: the degrading enzyme modified diatomite is prepared by the following method:
sa, adding zearalenone degrading enzyme and aflatoxin degrading enzyme into water at the temperature of 25-35 ℃, and stirring for 8-12h to obtain an enzyme mixed material;
and Sb, adding diatomite into the enzyme mixture at the temperature of 25-35 ℃, stirring for 7-9h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the degrading enzyme modified diatomite.
5. A feed additive for cows according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the weight ratio of the diatomite, the zearalenone degrading enzyme and the aflatoxin degrading enzyme is (4-6): (1.5-2.5): (0.5-1.5).
6. A feed additive for cows according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the diatomaceous earth was pretreated before use as follows: and (3) carrying out heat preservation treatment on the diatomite for 1-3h at the temperature of 400-500 ℃, cooling, washing with water, and drying to obtain the pretreated diatomite.
7. A feed additive for cows according to claim 1, wherein: the glucomannan is konjac glucomannan, and/or,
the lactic acid bacteria are Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and/or,
the amino acid is one or two of L-lysine and DL-methionine, and/or,
the composite organic trace element is one or more of organic zinc, organic manganese, organic copper and organic cobalt.
8. A feed additive for cows according to claim 1, wherein: the amino acid is L-lysine and DL-methionine, and the weight ratio of L-lysine to DL-methionine is (4-6): (0.5-1.5), and/or,
the composite organic trace elements comprise four kinds of organic zinc, organic manganese, organic copper and organic cobalt, and the weight ratio of the organic zinc, the organic manganese, the organic copper and the organic cobalt is (6.5-7.5), (1.2-1.4), (2.5-3.0) and (7.5-8.5).
9. A method of preparing a feed additive for cows as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, which comprises: the method comprises the following steps: adding amino acid, compound organic trace elements, vitamin A, modified glucomannan, degrading enzyme modified diatomite, lactic acid bacteria and lotus seed powder into the corn protein powder, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the feed additive.
10. A cow feed comprising the feed additive for cows as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, which is used in an amount of 0.1 to 1% by weight based on the total weight of other raw materials.
CN202211310592.8A 2022-10-25 2022-10-25 Feed additive for cows, preparation method of feed additive and cow feed Pending CN115624099A (en)

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