CN115613353A - 一种自熄性阻燃涤锦织物的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供的一种自熄性阻燃涤锦织物的制备方法,所述自熄性阻燃涤锦织物表面沉积有10‑20个阻燃单元;所述阻燃单元为[二氧化硅‑三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐]/[六方氮化硼‑聚乙烯亚胺]双层结构。自熄性阻燃涤锦织物的制备方法包括织物预处理、织物阻燃整理及后整理,织物阻燃整理是运用层层自组装技术构建了膨胀型阻燃涂层,其中PEI作为膨胀阻燃体系中的炭源;MPP为酸源、气源;h‑BN和二氧化硅为阻燃协效剂,并提高了阻燃剂与基体的相容性,充分发挥了硼、硅、磷、氮四种阻燃元素的协同阻燃机制,实现了涤锦织物的高效阻燃和离火自熄;具有很强的应用前景,适合规模化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功能性纺织品整理技术领域,具体涉及一种自熄性阻燃涤锦织物的制备方法。
背景技术
涤纶是发展最快、产量最高、应用最广泛的合成纤维。涤纶的极限氧指数为20%-22%,属易燃纤维,这限制了其在床上用品和室内装饰等方面的应用。阻燃涤纶的极限氧指数须在26%-34%之间,且各项物理机械性能须与普通涤纶相近。阻燃涤纶的制备方法有共聚阻燃改性、共混阻燃改性和阻燃整理。阻燃整理是指运用物理吸附、物理沉积、化学键合、化学黏合等技术使阻燃剂固着在织物表面的加工工艺。经过阻燃整理后的织物,其自身的可燃性降低,且在燃烧过程中能延缓锦火焰蔓延速率,甚至离火快速自熄。
在现有技术中,专利号为CN1732295A的专利文件公开了一种皮芯结构的双组分纤维的阻燃织物,采用具有阻燃性能的聚合物作为皮部分,热塑性聚合物作为芯成分,但由于该织物的手感较硬,热稳定性差,因而限制在很多方面的应用。专利号为CN1331767A的专利文件公开了一种含纤维素纺织材料的生产方法,由于在该专利中需要用到大量的交联剂,交联剂的虽然能使纤维有着良好的力学强度,但交联剂对环境的污染性和环境稳定性较差,不能使材料保持持久的力学性能。
随着人们安全意识的不断提高,对织物的阻燃性能也有了相应要求,特别是织物对于预防、延缓或者终止火灾的作用。由于一般的阻燃剂多为卤系和磷系,大部分都具有较大的毒性,而且在制备过程中需要用到甲醛或甲苯,使得有机物残留,对人体健康产生一定危险,同时,经处理后的织物手感硬、强力损伤大,穿着舒适度低,严重影响阻燃织物的品质和使用效果。一般的,运用物理吸附和物理沉积技术的阻燃整理须消耗大量的溶剂和阻燃剂,且织物表面的阻燃剂在洗涤过程中仍然会溶解,导致织物阻燃效率下降。
层层自组装(LBL)是一种新兴的表面修饰方法,其利用离子间的静电引力使带正、负电荷的聚电解质溶液交替沉积在基材上制备自组装多层膜。LBL具有仪器设备简单、材料成本低廉、操作简易快捷等优点,在制备多层膜结构领域已被广泛关注。与传统的阻燃整理方法相比,LBL可以在常温常压条件下进行,浸泡用的聚电解质溶液浓度低、可重复利用,多层膜的厚度受组装层数控制。
阻燃剂是一种赋予易燃聚合物难燃性的功能性助剂。膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)因其具有高效、低烟、低毒、无熔滴等优点已受到广泛关注。IFR必须具备三要素:酸源(脱水剂)、炭源(成炭剂)、气源(发泡剂)。当受热时,脱水剂和成炭剂发生酯化反应,发泡剂加快了酯化反应,促使酯交联成炭,最终形成泡沫炭化层。在酯化反应中还产生大量不燃气体,隔绝了外界氧进入燃烧区域,实现了聚合物的高效阻燃。
一般的,膨胀型阻燃剂还存在与基体相容性差、热稳定性差等缺点。有鉴于此,我们发明了一种自熄性阻燃涤锦织物的制备方法。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种自熄性阻燃涤锦织物的制备方法,不但提高涤锦织物的热稳定性,实现高效阻燃,而且提升涤锦织物的成炭率,达到离火自熄的效果。
为达成上述目的,本发明提出如下技术方案:
一种自熄性阻燃涤锦织物的制备方法的制备方法,包括:
所述自熄性阻燃涤锦织物表面沉积有10-20个阻燃单元;
所述阻燃单元为[二氧化硅-三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐]/[六方氮化硼-聚乙烯亚胺]双层结构;
所述自熄性阻燃涤锦织物的制备包括以下步骤:
步骤一、织物预处理,将涤锦织物置于超声波清洗仪清洗20-40min,然后放入烘箱中烘干、备用;
步骤二、织物阻燃整理,在室温条件下将步骤一烘干后的涤锦织物浸泡在第一整理液中5-15min,然后在110-130℃条件下预烘5min,在150-170℃条件下烘焙1min;而后室温条件下浸泡在第二整理液中5-15min,最后在110-130℃条件下预烘5min,在150-170℃条件下烘焙1min,从而形成一个阻燃单元层;
在涤锦织物表面逐层沉积,形成多个阻燃单元层,重复操作5-20次,即得自熄性阻燃涤锦织物;
步骤三、后处理,将步骤二所得的自熄性阻燃涤锦织物进行卷筒、打包、装箱。
在上述方案的基础上并作为上述方案的优选方案,步骤一所述织物预处理为超声波清洗30min后,在鼓风干燥箱65-85℃条件下干燥2-10h。
在上述方案的基础上并作为上述方案的优选方案,所述第一整理液包括阴离子聚电解质,所述第二整理液包括阳离子聚电解质。
在上述方案的基础上并作为上述方案的优选方案,所述第一整理液为[二氧化硅-三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐]整理液,具体是由二氧化硅、三聚氰胺、多聚磷酸、去离子水以质量比(1-2)∶(8-20)∶(2-5)∶1000混合而成,并在100℃下恒温搅拌6-8h,最后用氨水调节pH值在6-7之间。
在上述方案的基础上并作为上述方案的优选方案,所述第二整理液为[六方氮化硼-聚乙烯亚胺]整理液,具体是由六方氮化硼、聚乙烯亚胺、去离子水以质量比(1-2)∶(2-5)∶1000混合,在80℃下恒温搅拌1-2h,并用稀盐酸调节pH值在6-7之间。
在上述方案的基础上并作为上述方案的优选方案,步骤二所述阻燃整理的浴比为1:(50-100)。
与现有技术相比,本发明的技术方案获得了如下有益效果:
(1)本发明提供了一种自熄性阻燃涤锦织物的制备方法,该方法制备的涤锦织物降低了自身的可燃性,且在燃烧过程中能延缓火焰蔓延速率,甚至离火快速自熄。
(2)本发明运用层层自组装技术构建了膨胀型阻燃涂层。聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为阳离子聚电解质,在膨胀阻燃体系中充当炭源;三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)为阴离子聚电解质,在膨胀阻燃体系中充当酸源、气源;六方氮化硼(h-BN)和二氧化硅(SiO2)为阻燃协效剂。六方氮化硼和二氧化硅提高了阻燃剂与基体的相容性,三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐提高了阻燃剂的热稳定性。
(3)本发明技术还充分发挥了硼、硅、磷、氮四种阻燃元素的协同阻燃机制,实现了涤锦织物的高效阻燃和离火自熄。
应当理解,前述构思以及在下面更加详细地描述的额外构思的所有组合只要在这样的构思不相互矛盾的情况下都可以被视为本发明主题公开的一部分。
从下面的描述中可以更加全面地理解本发明教导的前述和其他方面、实施例和特征。本发明的其他附加方面例如示例性实施方式的特征和/或有益效果将在下面的描述中显见,或通过根据本发明教导的具体实施方式的实践中得知。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解,其中:
图1是本发明工艺流程示意图;
图2是本发明阻燃单元结构示意图;
图3是本发明实验原理图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明的实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。除非另作定义,此处使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。
本发明专利申请说明书以及权利要求书中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性,而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。同样,除非上下文清楚地指明其它情况,否则单数形式的“一个”“一”或者“该”等类似词语也不表示数量限制,而是表示存在至少一个。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现在“包括”或者“包含”前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在“包括”或者“包含”后面列举的特征、整体、步骤、操作、元素和/或组件,并不排除一个或多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、元素、组件和/或其集合的存在或添加。“上”“下”“左”“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系,当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后,则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
层层自组装技术作为一种简单易操作的制备杂化涂层的方法,逐渐成为阻燃后整理方法中一项非常重要的制备手段。与传统的阻燃处理相比,该方法有很多优点:容易与多种功能性的材料相结合;可在温和的条件下(室温、常压等)操作;以水做溶剂,对环境友好;用于浸泡的溶液浓度较低且可被循环利用。下面将结合实例进行详细的描述。
实施例1
本实施例的自熄性阻燃涤锦织物制备方法,包括以下步骤:
预处理:将涤锦织物置于超声波清洗仪清洗30min,然后放入烘箱中烘干、备用。
阻燃整理:按照1:50的浴比,将预处理后的涤锦织物在室温条件下用带负电荷的[二氧化硅-三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐]第一整理液浸泡10min,在120℃下预烘5min,在160℃下焙烘1min。将干燥后的涤锦织物在室温条件下用带正电荷的[六方氮化硼-聚乙烯亚胺]第二整理液浸泡10min,在120℃下预烘5min,在160℃下焙烘1min。以上步骤沉积的[二氧化硅-三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐]/[六方氮化硼-聚乙烯亚胺]双层膜为1个阻燃单元层,重复操作20次,即得20个阻燃单元层。而后将制备好的自熄性阻燃涤锦织物进行打包装袋即可。
所述的[二氧化硅-三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐]第一整理液由二氧化硅、三聚氰胺、多聚磷酸、去离子水以质量比1∶8∶2∶1000混合,在100℃下恒温搅拌6h,并用氨水调节pH值在6-7之间。
所述的[六方氮化硼-聚乙烯亚胺]第二整理液由六方氮化硼、聚乙烯亚胺、去离子水以质量比1∶2∶1000混合,在80℃下恒温搅拌1h,并用稀盐酸调节pH值在6-7之间。
实施例2
本发明自熄性阻燃涤锦织物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
预处理:将涤锦织物置于超声波清洗仪清洗30min,然后放入烘箱中烘干、备用。
阻燃整理:按照1:50的浴比,将预处理后的涤锦织物在室温条件下用带负电荷的[二氧化硅-三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐]第一整理液浸泡10min,在120℃下预烘5min,在160℃下焙烘1min。将干燥后的涤锦织物在室温条件下用带正电荷的[六方氮化硼-聚乙烯亚胺]第二整理液浸泡10min,在120℃下预烘5min,在160℃下焙烘1min。以上步骤沉积的[二氧化硅-三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐]/[六方氮化硼-聚乙烯亚胺]双层膜为1个阻燃单元层,重复操作15次,即得15个阻燃单元层。而后将制备好的自熄性阻燃涤锦织物进行打包装袋即可。
所述的[二氧化硅-三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐]第一整理液由二氧化硅、三聚氰胺、多聚磷酸、去离子水以质量比1∶10∶2.5∶1000混合,在100℃下恒温搅拌8h,并用氨水调节pH值在6-7之间。
所述的[六方氮化硼-聚乙烯亚胺]第二整理液由六方氮化硼、聚乙烯亚胺、去离子水以质量比1∶2.5∶1000混合,在80℃下恒温搅拌2h,并用稀盐酸调节pH值在6-7之间。
实施例3
本发明自熄性阻燃涤锦织物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
预处理:将涤锦织物置于超声波清洗仪清洗30min,然后放入烘箱中烘干、备用。
阻燃整理:按照1:50的浴比,将预处理后的涤锦织物在室温条件下用带负电荷的[二氧化硅-三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐]第一整理液浸泡10min,在120℃下预烘5min,在160℃下焙烘1min。将干燥后的涤锦织物在室温条件下用带正电荷的h-BN-PEI溶液浸泡10min,在120℃下预烘5min,在160℃下焙烘1min。以上步骤沉积的[二氧化硅-三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐]/[六方氮化硼-聚乙烯亚胺]双层膜为1个阻燃单元层,重复操作10次,即得10个阻燃单元层。而后将制备好的自熄性阻燃涤锦织物进行打包装袋即可。
所述的[二氧化硅-三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐]第一整理液由二氧化硅、三聚氰胺、多聚磷酸、去离子水以质量比2∶20∶5∶1000混合,在100℃下恒温搅拌8h,并用氨水调节pH值在6-7之间。
所述的[六方氮化硼-聚乙烯亚胺]第二整理液由六方氮化硼、聚乙烯亚胺、去离子水以质量比2∶5∶1000混合,在80℃下恒温搅拌2h,并用稀盐酸调节pH值在6-7之间。
对比例1
按照实施例1的预处理方法对纯涤锦织物进行预处理,并按照实施例1的整理步骤,将预处理后的纯涤纶织物在室温条件下浸渍在去离子水中,而后进行烘干,重复操作20次,得纯涤锦织物样品。
性能测试:
(1)阻燃性测试
参照GB/T5455–2014《纺织品燃烧性能垂直方向损毁长度、阴燃和续燃时间的测定》测试对织物试样的的续燃时间、阴燃时间和损毁长度。
(2)极限氧指数测试
参照GB/T 5454-1997《纺织品燃烧性能试验极限氧指数》对织物试样的极限氧指数进行测试。
(3)自熄性测试
经过阻燃处理后,本发明实施例的所有涤锦织物均可离火自熄。
(4)耐水性测试
本实施例制得的织物试样在按GB/T3921–2008标准洗涤30次后,测试阻燃性能。
将上述实施例与对比例按照各个不同性能测试标准进行测试,其性能测试结果如下表所示:
表1不同织物试样的性能测试对比结果
由上表可知:与对比例1相比,本发明提出了一种自熄性阻燃棉织物的制备方法,所有实施例中的涤锦织物在垂直燃烧测试中均没有续燃时间和阴燃时间,成炭率高,离火自熄后残炭长度较短,充分发挥了硼、硅、磷、氮四种阻燃元素的协同阻燃机制,实现了涤锦织物的高效阻燃和离火自熄。
本发明采用层层自组装技术构建的膨胀型阻燃涂层,六方氮化硼和二氧化硅提高了阻燃剂与基体的相容性,三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐提高了阻燃剂的热稳定性。本发明的生产工艺可以降低生产成本、稳定高,且工艺简便易调控、节能环保,可实现工业化规模生产。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上,然其并非用以限定本发明。本发明所属技术领域中具有通常知识者,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可作各种的更动与润饰。因此,本发明的保护范围当视权利要求书所界定者为准。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解,本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思做出诸多修改和变化。因此,凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案,皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种自熄性阻燃涤锦织物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
所述自熄性阻燃涤锦织物表面沉积有10-20个阻燃单元;
所述阻燃单元为[二氧化硅-三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐]/[六方氮化硼-聚乙烯亚胺]双层结构;
所述自熄性阻燃涤锦织物的制备包括以下步骤:
步骤一、织物预处理,将涤锦织物置于超声波清洗仪清洗20-40min,然后放入烘箱中烘干、备用;
步骤二、织物阻燃整理,在室温条件下将步骤一烘干后的涤锦织物浸泡在第一整理液中5-15min,然后在110-130℃条件下预烘5min,在150-170℃条件下烘焙1min;而后室温条件下浸泡在第二整理液中5-15min,最后在110-130℃条件下预烘5min,在150-170℃条件下烘焙1min,从而形成一个阻燃单元层;
在涤锦织物表面逐层沉积,形成多个阻燃单元层,重复操作5-20次,即得自熄性阻燃涤锦织物;
步骤三、后处理,将步骤二所得的自熄性阻燃涤锦织物进行卷筒、打包、装箱。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种自熄性阻燃涤锦织物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤一所述织物预处理为超声波清洗30min后,在鼓风干燥箱65-85℃条件下干燥2-10h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种自熄性阻燃涤锦织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第一整理液包括阴离子聚电解质,所述第二整理液包括阳离子聚电解质。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种自熄性阻燃涤锦织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第一整理液为[二氧化硅-三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐]整理液,具体是由二氧化硅、三聚氰胺、多聚磷酸、去离子水以质量比(1-2)∶(8-20)∶(2-5)∶1000混合而成,并在100℃下恒温搅拌6-8h,最后用氨水调节pH值在6-7之间。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种自熄性阻燃涤锦织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第二整理液为[六方氮化硼-聚乙烯亚胺]整理液,具体是由六方氮化硼、聚乙烯亚胺、去离子水以质量比(1-2)∶(2-5)∶1000混合,在80℃下恒温搅拌1-2h,并用稀盐酸调节pH值在6-7之间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种自熄性阻燃涤锦织物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤二所述阻燃整理的浴比为1:(50-100)。
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