CN115612107A - 三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷、乳液及其制备方法 - Google Patents
三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷、乳液及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷、乳液及其制备方法,涉及精细化工有机合成化学技术领域。杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷及其乳液的制备方法为:将含有卤素的杀菌剂进行水解,形成含羟基的杀菌剂结构;然后与羟基硅油、MQ树脂、甲基硅油、硅烷偶联剂在碱催化下进行重排聚合,形成带季铵盐杀菌灭藻基团的三维状有机硅聚硅氧烷;再对这种三维状的有机聚硅氧烷直接乳化或者加入经表面处理的气相法白炭黑制成硅膏后进行乳化,制成的有机硅乳液自带杀菌灭藻功能,乳液稳定性增强,保质期延长,应用在消泡剂、脱模剂、织物整理杀菌灭藻方面均有较好的效果,尤其在消泡剂抑泡性能上有较大幅度的提高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及精细化工有机合成化学技术领域,尤其涉及一种三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷、乳液及其制备方法。
背景技术
各种行业使用的有机硅乳液,如:有机硅消泡剂、有机硅乳液型脱模剂、硅乳型织物整理剂的分散性均为水,而水中含有大量的微生物,在适宜的温度条件下会产生大量的藻类物质,使得乳液发霉变质。为了抑制细菌的再生,现阶段普遍采用在乳液成型后加入杀菌剂进行杀菌灭藻,这种方法加入的杀菌剂很难与乳液融为一体,会对乳液稳定性造成一定的影响,保质期一般为6个月以内。国内生产的多种消泡剂基础聚合物聚硅氧烷结构不稳定,循环抑泡性能差。
公开号CN102875814A公开了一种聚硅氧烷及制备方法、用途以及含有该聚硅氧烷的杀菌剂,该专利在侧链上同时引入了N-卤胺和季铵盐结构确实起到了杀菌灭藻的作用,但其产品结构为直链型,在消泡剂的抑泡性能较差,引入氧化性卤素时,所用的气态氯、溴等物质存在一定的危险性;在生产过程中反应时间较长,仅一种钾盐的制备烘干时间就需要4天。
公开号CN103233366A公开了一种兼具柔软功能的有机硅杀菌剂的制备方法,该文件将氨基硅和环氧基季铵盐在有机溶剂下进行反应制备有机硅杀菌剂,环氧基季铵盐的制备该专利没有介绍,其同样也需要从含卤素的有机硅季铵盐出发制备,制备过程难以水解反应,同时制备难度及成本也较水解反应大很多,在后期的氨基硅与环氧基季铵盐反应时还需要在有机溶剂存在下反应。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供一种三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷、乳液及其制备方法,将杀菌灭藻基团接枝到有机聚硅氧烷链节上,制备一种自带杀菌灭藻功能的三维状聚硅氧烷物质,然后进行乳化制备成稳定的乳液,使乳液也自带杀菌灭藻功能,增加乳液稳定性,延长保证期,三维状结构提高了消泡剂的抑泡性能。
为实现此技术目的,本发明采用如下方案:
三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷,结构式为:
三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷的制备方法,按如下步骤进行:
S1、将含有卤素的杀菌剂进行水解,形成含羟基的杀菌剂结构;
S2、与羟基硅油、MQ树脂、甲基硅油、硅烷偶联剂在碱催化剂条件下进行重排聚合,形成带有季铵盐杀菌灭藻基团的三维状有机聚硅氧烷。
进一步的,含有卤素的杀菌剂为有机硅季铵盐类杀菌剂、长链烷基二甲基苄基卤化铵、长链烷基三甲基卤化铵中任意一种或两种以上。
进一步的,有机硅季铵盐类杀菌剂的分子结构式为:
进一步的,长链烷基二甲基苄基卤化铵为十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、十四烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵、十六烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、十八烷基二甲基溴化铵中的任意一种或两种;长链烷基三甲基卤化铵为十二烷基三甲基氯化铵或十四烷基三甲基溴化铵。
进一步的,S1的具体步骤为:将反应瓶放置在冰水浴中,在反应瓶中加入过量的水,将含卤素的杀菌剂滴加到反应瓶的过量水中,反应瓶导气口导出生成的酸送至碱液中进行吸收,滴加过程中水解温度控制在40℃以下,水解反应时间为4~6小时,滴加完毕后用分液漏斗进行分离,上层液体为含羟基的季铵盐杀菌剂水解物;反应过程如下:
长链烷基二甲基苄基卤化铵进行水解,形成季铵化羟基结构:
长链烷基三甲基卤化铵进行水解,形成季铵化羟基结构:
CnH2n+1N+(CH3)3X-+H2O→CnH2n+1N+(CH3)3OH-+HX;
S2的具体步骤为:将上述水解物与羟基硅油、MQ树脂、甲基硅油、硅烷偶联剂在碱催化下进行重排聚合反应,形成带季铵盐杀菌灭藻基团的三维状有机硅聚硅氧烷:
其中,A1结构式为:
A2结构式为
A3结构式为:
其中:n1+n2+n3=n;m1+m2+m3+m4+m5+m6+m6+m7+m8+m9=m。
进一步的,重排聚合温度为130~150℃,所用碱催化剂为碱性聚硅氧烷,重排聚合反应时间为2~3小时。
进一步的,羟基硅油为n=20~2000的线性聚硅氧烷,MQ树脂为M/Q=0.6~0.9的甲基或者乙烯基MQ树脂,甲基硅油粘度控制在350~1000cs。
三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷乳液的制备方法,按如下步骤进行:
先按照上述的三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷的制备方法得到三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷;
再将上述三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷进行乳化形成稳定的自带杀菌灭藻功能的有机硅乳液。
乳化剂为二甲基硅油乳化剂,或采用sp60、tw60、sp80、tw80中的一种或两种以上按不同比例混合而成的自制乳化剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:将杀菌灭藻基团直接链接到硅氧烷链节上,参与后期的乳化过程,形成稳定的乳状液,同时,本身具有的杀菌灭藻基团持续发挥着抑制细菌繁殖的作用,在高温下长期发挥着作用,延长乳液的保质期,对有机硅乳液的制备及应用都起到积极的影响;三维状的分子结构更稳定,在消泡剂的循环抑泡性能上有大幅度的改善。
具体实施方式
为充分了解本发明之目的、特征及功效,借由下述具体的实施方式,对本发明做详细说明,但本发明并不仅仅限于此。
实施例1
将氯丙基有机硅季铵盐滴加到2倍的水中进行水解,温度控制在40℃以下,水解完成后分酸,取上层水解物;将水解物、20000cs羟基硅油、350cs甲基硅油、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、MQ比值为0.68的甲基MQ树脂在氢氧化钾碱胶的催化下,130℃进行催化、重排、聚合,将季铵化结构链接到硅氧烷链节上,制备成具有季铵化结构的大分子聚硅氧烷,粘度为8万cs;将有机聚硅氧烷与聚醚硅油、Sp60、tw60按照1:1的比例混合得到的乳化剂搅拌均匀,加入水进行乳化,得到有效含量为10%的乳液。
该乳液稳定性好,离心4000r/min,15min不分层,无沉淀,乳液放置1年不变质发霉。应用在消泡剂领域消泡、抑泡效果好,高速循环流动不破乳,抑泡性能可以达到循环鼓泡30min泡沫高度0ml,延长使用周期。
实施例2:
将氯丙基有机硅季铵盐滴加到2倍的水中进行水解,温度控制在40℃以下,水解完成后分酸,取上层水解物;将水解物、20000cs羟基硅油、1000cs甲基硅油、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、MQ比值为0.68的甲基MQ树脂在氢氧化钾碱胶的催化下,130℃进行催化、重排、聚合,将季铵化结构链接到硅氧烷链节上,制备成具有季铵化结构的大分子聚硅氧烷,粘度为10万cs;将有机聚硅氧烷与聚醚硅油、Sp60、tw60按照1:1的比例自制成乳化剂搅拌均匀,加入水进行乳化,乳化较实施例1困难,得到有效含量为10%的乳液,得到的产品抑泡性能更强。
实施例3
将十二烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵按照1:2的比例滴加到水中进行水解,温度控制在40℃以下,水解完成后分酸,取上层水解物;将水解物、50000cs羟基硅油、1000cs甲基硅油、甲基三甲氧基硅烷、MQ比值为0.68的乙烯基MQ树脂在氢氧化钾碱胶的催化下,130℃进行催化、重排、聚合,将季铵化结构链接到硅氧烷链节上,制备成具有季铵化结构的大分子聚硅氧烷;粘度为13万cs;将有机聚硅氧烷与聚醚硅油、Sp60、tw60、Sp80、Tw80按照1.6:1.1:0.64:0.75的比例混合成乳化剂搅拌均匀,加入水进行乳化,得到有机硅消泡剂乳液,乳液稳定性好,离心4000r/min,15min不分层,无沉淀,乳液放置1年不变质发霉;应用在消泡剂领域消泡、抑泡效果好,高速循环流动不破乳,抑泡性能可以达到循环鼓泡50min泡沫高度0ml,延长使用周期。
实施例4:
将十二烷基三甲基氯化铵按照1:2的比例滴加到水中进行水解,温度控制在40℃以下,水解完成后分酸,取上层水解物;将水解物、低粘度羟基硅油(粘度20cs)、甲基硅油(50000cs)、KH560、MQ比值为0.8的甲基MQ树脂在氢氧化钾碱胶的催化下,130℃进行催化、重排、聚合,将季铵化结构链接到硅氧烷链节上,制备成具有季铵化结构的大分子聚硅氧烷,粘度10万cs;将有机聚硅氧烷、聚醚硅油、二甲基硅油乳化剂制备成乳状液,乳液稳定性好,离心4000r/min,15min不分层,无沉淀,乳液放置1年不变质发霉。应用在织物整理方面可以起到防静电、亲水性好、持续抑制细菌繁殖的作用;应用在消泡剂领域消泡、抑泡效果好,高速循环流动不破乳,抑泡性能可以达到循环鼓泡30min泡沫高度0ml,延长使用周期。
实施例5
将十二烷基三甲基氯化铵按照1:2的比例滴加到水中进行水解,温度控制在40℃以下,水解完成后分酸,取上层水解物;将水解物、5000cs羟基硅油、甲基硅油(5万cs)、KH560、MQ比值为0.8的甲基MQ树脂在氢氧化钾碱胶的催化下,130℃进行催化、重排、聚合,将季铵化结构链接到硅氧烷链节上,制备成具有季铵化结构的大分子聚硅氧烷,粘度20万cs;将有机聚硅氧烷、聚醚硅油、由Sp60、tw60、SP80、tw80按照1.4:0.85:0.9:1.4混合得到的乳化剂制备成乳状液,乳液稳定性好,离心4000r/min,15min不分层,无沉淀,乳液放置1年不变质发霉。应用在织物整理方面可以起到防静电、亲水性好、持续抑制细菌繁殖的作用;应用在消泡剂领域消泡、抑泡效果好,高速循环流动不破乳,抑泡性能可以达到循环鼓泡60min泡沫高度0ml,延长使用周期。
实施例6:
将十八烷基三甲基氯化铵按照1:2的比例滴加到水中进行水解,温度控制在40℃以下,水解完成后分酸,取上层水解物;将水解物、8万cs羟基硅油、1000cs甲基硅油、KH570、MQ比值为0.68的乙烯基MQ树脂在氢氧化钾碱胶的催化下,130℃进行催化、重排、聚合,将季铵化结构链接到硅氧烷链节上,制备成具有季铵化结构的大分子聚硅氧烷,粘度22万cs;将有机聚硅氧烷与聚醚硅油、二甲基硅油乳化剂搅拌均匀,加入水进行乳化,得到有机硅消泡剂乳液,乳液稳定性好,离心4000r/min,15min不分层,无沉淀,乳液放置1年不变质发霉;应用在消泡剂领域消泡、抑泡效果好,高速循环流动不破乳,抑泡性能可以达到循环鼓泡60min泡沫高度0ml,延长使用周期
表1实例1~4制备样品的指标
由表1可以看出,利用本发明方法制备的三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷乳液具有良好的乳液稳定性与抗菌性能,通过对比可知,实施例1~6说明采用本专利制备的乳液具有优良的稳定性及储存稳定性和循环抑泡性能。综合分析,本发明的三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷乳液明显优于对比例中的有机硅乳液。
最后,需要注意的是:以上列举的仅是本发明的优选实施例,当然本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行改动和变型,倘若这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
2.一种权利要求1所述的三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷的制备方法,其特征在于,按如下步骤进行:
S1、将含有卤素的杀菌剂进行水解,形成含羟基的杀菌剂结构;
S2、与羟基硅油、MQ树脂、甲基硅油、硅烷偶联剂在碱催化剂条件下进行重排聚合,形成带有季铵盐杀菌灭藻基团的三维状有机聚硅氧烷。
3.根据权利要求2所述的三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷的制备方法,其特征在于,含有卤素的杀菌剂为有机硅季铵盐类杀菌剂、长链烷基二甲基苄基卤化铵、长链烷基三甲基卤化铵中任意一种或两种以上。
5.根据权利要求4所述的三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷,其特征在于,长链烷基二甲基苄基卤化铵为十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、十四烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵、十六烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、十八烷基二甲基溴化铵中的任意一种或两种;
长链烷基三甲基卤化铵为十二烷基三甲基氯化铵或十四烷基三甲基溴化铵。
6.根据权利要求3所述的三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷的制备方法,其特征在于,
S1的具体步骤为:将反应瓶放置在冰水浴中,在反应瓶中加入过量的水,将含卤素的杀菌剂滴加到反应瓶的过量水中,反应瓶导气口导出生成的酸送至碱液中进行吸收,滴加过程中水解温度控制在40℃以下,水解反应时间为4~6小时,滴加完毕后用分液漏斗进行分离,上层液体为含羟基的季铵盐杀菌剂水解物;
反应过程如下:
有机硅季铵盐类杀菌剂水解,形成季铵化羟基结构:
长链烷基二甲基苄基卤化铵进行水解,形成季铵化羟基结构:
长链烷基三甲基卤化铵进行水解,形成季铵化羟基结构:
CnH2n+1N+(CH3)3X-+H2O→CnH2n+1N+(CH3)3OH-+HX;
S2的具体步骤为:将上述水解物与羟基硅油、MQ树脂、甲基硅油、硅烷偶联剂在碱催化下进行重排聚合反应,形成带季铵盐杀菌灭藻基团的三维状有机硅聚硅氧烷:
其中,A1结构式为:
A2结构式为
A3结构式为:
其中:n1+n2+n3=n;m1+m2+m3+m4+m5+m6+m6+m7+m8+m9=m。
7.根据权利要求2或6所述的三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷的制备方法,其特征在于,重排聚合温度为130~150℃,所用碱催化剂为碱性聚硅氧烷,重排聚合反应时间为2~3小时。
9.根据权利要求2或6所述的三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷的制备方法,其特征在于,羟基硅油为n=20~2000的线性聚硅氧烷,MQ树脂为M/Q=0.6~0.9的甲基或者乙烯基MQ树脂,甲基硅油粘度控制在350~100000cs。
10.一种三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,按如下步骤进行:
先按照权利要求2-9任一项所述的三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷的制备方法得到三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷;
再将上述三维状杀菌灭藻型有机聚硅氧烷进行乳化形成稳定的自带杀菌灭藻功能的有机硅乳液。
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