CN115603035A - High-performance small ionic liquid antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to a small-size ionic liquid antenna of high performance includes: the device comprises a floor, a resonator arranged on the floor and a radiator arranged at the top of the resonator; the resonator and the radiator are both of cylindrical structures, and the interiors of the resonator and the radiator are communicated to form an accommodating chamber; the accommodating chamber is internally provided with ionic liquid to be used as a radiation source of the liquid antenna; the resonator is in a cylindrical structure or a hollow and inverted round platform structure; the number of the radiators is multiple, and the radiators are vertically stacked and distributed; the radiator is in an inverted round platform structure; further comprising: a reflector; the reflector is a cylindrical structure arranged on the floor, and surrounds the outer sides of the resonator and the radiator; further comprising: a reflective film; the reflecting film is provided on an inner wall of the reflector for reflecting the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiator. The broadband high-frequency-band antenna can expand the bandwidth of the antenna in a high frequency band, enhance radiation performance, and is stable in dielectric performance, large in liquid working range, and easy to install and integrate.

Description

A High Performance Small Ionic Liquid Antenna

technical field

The present application relates to the technical field of communication antennas, in particular to a high-performance small ionic liquid antenna.

Background technique

With the improvement of the level of technological development, the traditional metal antenna has been gradually replaced by the dielectric resonance antenna. The material of the existing dielectric resonance antenna is mainly water, and the water antenna mainly uses pure water, salt water (sea water), tap water, etc. as materials, with low Advantages of cost, reconfigurability, easy acquisition, miniaturization, and environmental protection.

However, with the development of wireless communication, the performance requirements of the antenna equipment are getting higher and higher, and there are inevitable problems in the practical application of the water antenna:

1) The dielectric constant of water is about 78 at room temperature, and its dielectric properties are very sensitive to frequency changes, that is, the dielectric loss is above 3G, and it will increase rapidly with the increase of frequency, which will cause the antenna to work in the high frequency band. Its radiation loss increases sharply, which reduces the performance of the antenna;

2) The high dielectric constant of water will lead to narrow bandwidth and cannot meet the needs of broadband and large data capacity transmission;

3) The liquid state of water has a small working range. When the ambient temperature is lower than 0°C or higher than 100°C, the liquid material of the liquid antenna will become solid or gas, and will exhibit completely different dielectric properties from the liquid state;

4) At present, most of the water antennas are hybrid antennas of metal and water liquid, which have not achieved complete demetallization and are not easy to install and integrate.

Contents of the invention

Based on this, it is necessary to address the above technical problems and provide a high-performance small ionic liquid antenna, which can expand the bandwidth of the antenna in the high frequency band, enhance the radiation performance, and has stable dielectric properties, large liquid working range, and easy installation and integration.

A high-performance small ionic liquid antenna, comprising: a floor, a resonator arranged on the floor and a radiator arranged on the top of the resonator;

Both the resonator and the radiator are in a cylindrical structure, and the interior is communicated to form a containing chamber; the containing chamber is provided with an ionic liquid as a radiation source of the liquid antenna.

In one embodiment, the resonator is a cylindrical structure or a hollow and inverted frustoconical structure.

In one embodiment, there are multiple radiators, and the multiple radiators are vertically stacked and distributed.

In one embodiment, the radiator is an inverted circular frustum structure.

In one embodiment, further comprising: a reflector;

The reflector is a cylindrical structure arranged on the floor, and the reflector surrounds the outside of the resonator and the radiator.

In one embodiment, it also includes: a reflective film;

The reflective film is provided on the inner wall of the reflector for reflecting electromagnetic waves radiated by the radiator.

In one embodiment, the reflector is an inverted pyramid structure.

In one embodiment, it also includes: a conductive film;

The conductive film is fixed on the bottom of the floor for reflecting electromagnetic waves.

In one embodiment, it also includes: a coaxial feeding structure;

The coaxial inner conductor of the coaxial feed structure extends into the ionic liquid after passing through the conductive film and the floor, and the coaxial outer conductor of the coaxial feed structure is connected with the floor.

In one embodiment, the ionic liquid is trihexyltetradecylphosphine chloride, 1-ethyl-3-methyldicyanamide, ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile or oil.

The above-mentioned high-performance small-sized ionic liquid antenna is provided with a superimposed structure of a resonator and a radiator, which can produce multiple dielectric resonance mode superposition (low-order mode, high-order mode, mixed mode, etc.), enhance the radiation characteristics of the antenna, and further Improving the impedance matching of the antenna greatly widens the working frequency band of the antenna under the condition of the same size, and greatly reduces the size of the antenna under the requirements of the same working frequency band to meet the requirements of practical applications; and adopts dielectric The organic ionic liquid with stable performance is used as a radiation material to give full play to the excellent dielectric properties of the ionic liquid in the high-frequency band. As the frequency increases, the dielectric loss of the antenna is still low, which can further increase the gain of the antenna, so that the antenna can be stable. It works and maintains a high radiation efficiency, which can meet the requirements of liquid antennas in complex wireless communication systems; the liquid antenna can achieve broadband, high gain, and high transparency at 12.7GHz-17.1GHz, and has stable dielectric properties and liquid state It has the characteristics of large working range, simple structure, small size, high radiation efficiency, flexible structure, strong reconfigurability, high light transmittance, low cost, easy access and environmental protection. It is suitable for complex communication environments and has broad engineering application prospects. It can be widely used in communication fields such as new antennas, base station antennas, reconfigurable antennas, and the Internet of Things.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is one of the three-dimensional structure schematic diagrams of the high-performance small-sized ionic liquid antenna in an embodiment;

Fig. 2 is the second schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the high-performance small ionic liquid antenna in one embodiment;

Fig. 3 is the front view of high-performance small-sized ionic liquid antenna in one embodiment;

Fig. 4 is a top view of a high-performance small-sized ionic liquid antenna in one embodiment;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the S11 curve of a high-performance small ionic liquid antenna in one embodiment;

Fig. 6 is the E surface radiation pattern of high performance small ionic liquid antenna at 12.7GHz in one embodiment;

Fig. 7 is the E surface radiation pattern of high-performance small-sized ionic liquid antenna in 13.5GHz in an embodiment;

Fig. 8 is the E surface radiation pattern of high performance small ionic liquid antenna at 14.5GHz in one embodiment;

Fig. 9 is the E surface radiation pattern of high performance small ionic liquid antenna at 15GHz in one embodiment;

Fig. 10 is the E surface radiation pattern of high performance small ionic liquid antenna at 16GHz in one embodiment;

Fig. 11 is an E-plane radiation pattern at 17 GHz of a high-performance small ionic liquid antenna in one embodiment.

Drawing No.:

Floor 1, resonator 2, radiator 3, ionic liquid 4, reflector 5, reflective film 6, conductive film 7, coaxial inner conductor 8, and coaxial outer conductor 9.

detailed description

In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of this application.

It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiments of the present application are only used to explain the relationship between the components in a certain posture (as shown in the drawings). Relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc., if the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

In addition, descriptions such as "first", "second" and so on in this application are only for description purposes, and should not be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features. In the description of the present application, "multiple groups" means at least two groups, such as two groups, three groups, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.

In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection" and "fixation" should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; It can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a physical connection or a wireless communication connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be an internal connection between two components or an interaction relationship between two components. Unless expressly defined otherwise. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific situations.

In addition, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be realized, it should be considered as a combination of technical solutions. Does not exist, nor is it within the scope of protection required by this application.

As shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, a kind of high-performance small-sized ionic liquid antenna provided by the present application, in one embodiment, comprises: floor 1, the resonator 2 that is arranged on the floor 1 and is located at the top of resonator 2 Radiator 3;

Both the resonator 2 and the radiator 3 are in a cylindrical structure, and are communicated inside to form a containing chamber; the containing chamber is provided with an ionic liquid 4 as a radiation source of the liquid antenna.

In this embodiment, the floor 1 serves as a supporting floor.

The application does not limit the size, shape and material of the floor 1, which can be set according to actual conditions. Preferably, the floor 1 is a square resin board.

The present application does not limit the specific shapes of the resonator 2 and the radiator 3 , which can be set according to the actual situation, for example: a cylindrical structure, a prism structure, an inverted circular truncated structure or an inverted truncated prism structure, etc.

The present application does not limit the number of radiators 3, which can be set according to actual conditions, for example: one, two or even more.

Preferably, the resonator 2 is a cylindrical structure, the radiator 3 has a plurality of inverted circular frustum structures, and the plurality of radiators 3 are stacked and distributed vertically.

In this embodiment, the ionic liquid 4 is trihexyltetradecylphosphine chloride, 1-ethyl-3-methyldicyanamide, ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile or oil.

Preferably, the ionic liquid 4 is trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride (ie: TPC, trihexyl tetradecylphosphonium chloride), its liquid working range is -69.8°C-350°C, the relative permittivity is about 3.1 at room temperature, and the conductivity It is about 0.00025S/m, the loss tangent is about 0.001, and has almost no conductivity. It is an ideal material for generating dielectric resonance. It has a large liquid working range and strong adaptability to the environment. With the increase of frequency, the loss of the medium is almost zero. influence, and still maintain a low value.

In this embodiment, it also includes: a coaxial feed structure; the coaxial inner conductor 8 of the coaxial feed structure passes through the floor 1 and extends into the ionic liquid 4, and the coaxial outer conductor 9 of the coaxial feed structure and Floor 1 is connected.

A through hole is provided at the center of the floor 1 so that the coaxial inner conductor 8 penetrates into the ionic liquid 4 after passing through the through hole.

It should be noted that the resonance mode of the medium is essentially the distribution of an infinite variety of electromagnetic fields formed by the limitation and reflection of the inner wall of the medium when the electromagnetic wave propagates inside the medium. Each electromagnetic field distribution is called a mode. According to the electromagnetic boundary conditions, the specific solution of the mode can be obtained by using the Bessel function. The Bessel function stipulates that the first zero point is defined as the lowest mode (called the fundamental mode), and the other zero points are defined as higher-order modes.

In this application, the antenna can generate the superposition of multiple dielectric resonance modes, including low-order modes, high-order modes, mixed modes, and so on. Among them, the low-order mode is generated by the fundamental mode, which refers to the TEmn or TMmn mode (the m and n values here are relatively small, such as TE01, TE11, TM01, etc.), and the high-order mode is produced by the high-order mode. It refers to the TEmn or TMmn mode (the m and n values here are relatively large, such as TE31, TM51 and other modes), and the mixed mode refers to the HEMmnδ mode, which is not a simple TE or TM mode, that is, there is an electric field in the propagation direction component has a magnetic field component.

In this application, multi-dielectric superposition is equivalent to multiple dielectric resonant superposition, and the electromagnetic modes produced by each dielectric resonator are different, and each mode corresponds to a different resonant frequency band, which is set by the structure of the dielectric resonator (in this application is resonator and radiator), and adjusting the size of each dielectric resonator, so that the resonant frequency bands generated by different dielectric resonators are mixed and overlapped within a certain frequency range, which can improve the impedance matching of the antenna and achieve a wider frequency band.

The above-mentioned high-performance small ionic liquid antenna has a structure in which the resonator and the radiator are superimposed, which can produce multiple dielectric resonance mode superposition (excite low-order modes, high-order modes, mixed modes, etc. in the resonator and radiator), and enhance the antenna Radiation characteristics, and further improve the impedance matching of the antenna, under the condition of the same size, the working frequency band of the antenna is greatly broadened, and the size of the antenna is greatly reduced under the requirements of the same working frequency band, so that it meets the requirements of practical applications Requirements; and the use of organic ionic liquids with stable dielectric properties as radiation materials gives full play to the excellent dielectric properties of ionic liquids in the high-frequency band. As the frequency increases, the dielectric loss of the antenna is still low, which can further improve the antenna. Gain, so that the antenna can work stably and maintain high radiation efficiency, which can meet the requirements of liquid antennas in complex wireless communication systems; the liquid antenna can achieve broadband, high gain, and high transparency at 12.7GHz-17.1GHz, and Stable dielectric properties, large liquid working range, simple structure, small size, high radiation efficiency, flexible structure, strong reconfigurability, high light transmittance, low cost, easy access and environmental protection, suitable for complex communication environments , the engineering application prospect is broad, and can be widely used in communication fields such as new antennas, base station antennas, reconfigurable antennas, and the Internet of Things.

Preferably, it also includes: a reflector 5 and a reflective film 6; the reflector 5 is a cylindrical structure arranged on the floor 1, and the reflector 5 surrounds the outside of the resonator 2 and the radiator 3; the reflective film 6 is arranged on the reflection On the inner wall of the device 5, it is used to reflect the electromagnetic wave radiated by the radiator.

The setting of the reflector 5 can make the radiation beam of the antenna more concentrated and more directional, and can greatly improve the radiation gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna without increasing the structural size of the antenna; the reflective film can be made of transparent TCF (ie: transparent conductive film), can be equivalent to an ideal conductor, reflecting electromagnetic waves.

The present application does not limit the shape of the reflector 5, which can be set according to the actual situation, as long as the cross section of the reflector gradually increases from bottom to top.

Preferably, the reflector 5 is an inverted pyramid structure. The reflector with prism structure has relative slopes, so that the electromagnetic waves radiated by the radiator can be reflected on the reflective film on the surface of the reflector, and meet at the center of the antenna after reflection, further improving the gain of antenna radiation.

Further preferably, the reflector 5 is an inverted quadrangular prism structure, which is convenient for processing and has better reflection performance.

The working process of this embodiment is: the electromagnetic wave is transmitted into the ionic liquid through the coaxial outer conductor and the coaxial inner conductor, radiated into the atmosphere through the ionic liquid, and transmitted to the reflector along the radiator, on the reflective film on the surface of the reflector After the emission occurs, they converge and further radiate out.

In one embodiment, it further includes: a conductive film 7; the conductive film 7 is fixed on the bottom of the floor 1 for reflecting electromagnetic waves.

In this embodiment, the coaxial inner conductor 8 of the coaxial feed structure extends into the ionic liquid 4 after passing through the conductive film 7 and the floor 1 .

In this embodiment, the conductive film 7 can be made of transparent TCF, the surface resistance of which is in the range of 5-20Ω/sq, and the size of the square resistance is inversely proportional to the size of the conductivity, which affects the effect of the floor reflecting electromagnetic waves. The resistive transparent conductive film can approximately replace the metal to play the role of reflective floor, so that the floor can also be used as a reflective floor while supporting the floor. Therefore, in actual situations, a conductive film with a small surface resistance (ie square resistance) can be selected. The purpose of using a transparent conductive film instead of the metal floor is to replace the ideal conductor, and further improve the transparency of the antenna while increasing the gain.

In one embodiment, the floor 1, the resonator 2, the radiator 3 and the reflector 5 of the liquid antenna are all printed by 3D, and the material of the liquid antenna is photosensitive resin, and the dielectric constant is about 2.8-3.3 at room temperature. The demetallization of the liquid antenna can be realized efficiently, and the transparency of the antenna can be improved.

Preferably, in a specific embodiment, the diameter of the resonator is 100mm and the height is 15mm; two radiators are superimposed on the resonator, the diameter of the radiator is 76.7mm, the height is 17.5mm, and the inclination angle is 60° ; The side length of the reflector is 152mm, the height is 50mm, the thickness is 3mm, and the inclination angle is 23°; the centers of the resonator, radiator and reflector are collinear; the thickness of the transparent conductive film is 12.5-125um.

In this embodiment, the ionic liquid with superior and stable dielectric properties, low loss, and insensitivity to changes with frequency is applied to the liquid antenna, which can extend the liquid antenna to the high-frequency band and achieve stable and efficient work; the two frustum shapes Superimposing the radiator on the top of the cylindrical resonator can further increase the beam concentration of the antenna; without increasing the size of the antenna structure, a corrugated reflector is loaded around the resonator, and the inner wall of the reflector is pasted with a transparent The conductive film can greatly increase the gain of the antenna, combined with the characteristics of the ionic liquid itself, so that the performance of the liquid antenna can be optimized; the application of the multi-media mode generated by the ionic liquid and the dielectric container can further improve the impedance matching and realize the characteristics of broadband operation; finally , by pasting a transparent conductive film with high conductivity on the lower surface of the square resin base plate, it can be equivalent to a metal ideal conductor and play the role of reflecting electromagnetic waves.

This application uses the electromagnetic software CST to simulate, analyze and optimize the liquid antenna, and studies its structural parameters, S parameters and radiation patterns.

As shown in Figure 5, the variation curve of S parameter value with frequency. It can be seen from the figure that the working frequency band of the antenna is 12.7GHz-17.1GHz (<-10dB), and its relative bandwidth is 29.3%.

Figures 6 to 11 show the E-plane radiation patterns of the present invention at different frequency points in the working frequency band. From the pattern, it can be seen that the antenna has strong radiation characteristics in the working frequency band. specific:

Figure 6 is the E-plane radiation pattern at 12.7GHz, with a gain of 12.8dBi;

Figure 7 is the E-plane radiation pattern at 13.5GHz, with a gain of 10.1dBi;

Figure 8 is the E-plane radiation pattern at 14.5GHz, with a gain of 13.4dBi;

Figure 9 is the E-plane radiation pattern at 15GHz, with a gain of 14.6dBi;

Figure 10 is the E-plane radiation pattern at 16GHz, with a gain of 13.2dBi;

Figure 11 is the E-plane radiation pattern at 17GHz, with a gain of 11.1dBi.

The liquid antenna of the present application can overcome the shortcomings of existing conventional water antennas such as extremely low radiation efficiency in the high frequency band (>6 GHz), narrow frequency band, small liquid working range, and low light transmittance. and a prism-shaped reflector, and a transparent conductive film is pasted on the bottom of the floor and the inner wall of the reflector. At the same time, the characteristics of the stable low-loss ionic liquid are used to realize the wide-band, high-gain, and high-transparency work of the liquid antenna. Features, and has the advantages of simple and flexible structure, easy installation, green environmental protection, etc., and can be widely used in many fields such as new antennas, base station antennas, and the Internet of Things.

The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be It is considered to be within the range described in this specification.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation modes of the present application, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the present application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent application should be based on the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A high-performance small-sized ionic liquid antenna is characterized in that, comprising: a floor, a resonator arranged on the floor and a radiator arranged on the top of the resonator; Both the resonator and the radiator are in a cylindrical structure, and the interior is communicated to form a containing chamber; the containing chamber is provided with an ionic liquid as a radiation source of the liquid antenna. 2 . The small ionic liquid antenna according to claim 1 , wherein the resonator is a cylindrical structure or a hollow and inverted frustoconical structure. 3 . 3 . The small ionic liquid antenna according to claim 2 , wherein there are multiple radiators, and the multiple radiators are vertically stacked and distributed. 4 . 4 . The small ionic liquid antenna according to claim 3 , wherein the radiator is an inverted circular frustum structure. 5. The small-sized ionic liquid antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising: a reflector; The reflector is a cylindrical structure arranged on the floor, and the reflector surrounds the outside of the resonator and the radiator. 6. The small ionic liquid antenna according to claim 5, further comprising: a reflective film; The reflective film is provided on the inner wall of the reflector for reflecting electromagnetic waves radiated by the radiator. 7. The small ionic liquid antenna according to claim 6, wherein the reflector is an inverted prism structure. 8. The small ionic liquid antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising: a conductive film; The conductive film is fixed on the bottom of the floor for reflecting electromagnetic waves. 9. The small-sized ionic liquid antenna according to claim 8, further comprising: a coaxial feeding structure; The coaxial inner conductor of the coaxial feed structure extends into the ionic liquid after passing through the conductive film and the floor, and the coaxial outer conductor of the coaxial feed structure is connected with the floor. 10. according to the described small-sized ionic liquid antenna of any one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, described ionic liquid is trihexyltetradecyl phosphine chloride, 1-ethyl-3-methyldicyandiamide , ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile or oil.

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