CN217239744U

CN217239744U - High-performance small ionic liquid antenna

Info

Publication number: CN217239744U
Application number: CN202221093442.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李高升; 张超; 赵梓彤; 肖培; 于杰; 徐剑姣
Original assignee: Hunan University
Current assignee: Hunan University
Priority date: 2022-05-06
Filing date: 2022-05-06
Publication date: 2022-08-19
Anticipated expiration: 2032-05-06

Abstract

The application relates to a small-size ionic liquid antenna of high performance includes: the antenna comprises a floor, a resonator arranged on the floor and a radiator arranged at the top of the resonator; the resonator and the radiator are both of cylindrical structures, and the interiors of the resonator and the radiator are communicated to form an accommodating chamber; the accommodating chamber is internally provided with ionic liquid to be used as a radiation source of the liquid antenna; the resonator is in a cylindrical structure or a hollow and inverted round platform structure; the number of the radiators is multiple, and the radiators are vertically stacked and distributed; the radiator is in an inverted round platform structure; further comprising: a reflector; the reflector is a cylindrical structure arranged on the floor and surrounds the outer sides of the resonator and the radiator; further comprising: a reflective film; the reflecting film is provided on an inner wall of the reflector for reflecting the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiator. The antenna can expand the bandwidth of the antenna in a high-frequency band, enhance the radiation performance, and has stable dielectric performance, large liquid working range and easy installation and integration.

Description

High-performance small ionic liquid antenna

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of communication antennas, in particular to a high-performance small ionic liquid antenna.

Background

With the improvement of the technological development level, the traditional metal antenna is gradually replaced by the dielectric resonant antenna, the material of the existing dielectric resonant antenna is mainly water, and the water antenna mainly adopts pure water, salt water (seawater), tap water and the like as materials, so that the dielectric resonant antenna has the advantages of low cost, reconfigurability, easiness in obtaining, miniaturization and environmental friendliness.

However, with the development of wireless communication, the performance requirements of the antenna equipment are higher and higher, and the water antenna has inevitable problems in practical application:

1) the dielectric constant of water is about 78 at normal temperature, and the dielectric property of the water is very sensitive to frequency change, namely the dielectric loss is more than 3G and can be rapidly increased along with the increase of the frequency, so that the radiation loss of the antenna is rapidly increased when the antenna works in a high-frequency band, and the performance of the antenna is reduced;

2) the dielectric constant of water is high, so that the bandwidth is narrow, and the requirements on broadband and large data capacity transmission cannot be met;

3) the liquid working range of water is small, when the temperature of the environment is lower than 0 ℃ or higher than 100 ℃, the liquid material of the liquid antenna can be changed into solid or gas, and the dielectric property which is completely different from the liquid state can be shown;

4) at present, most of water antennas adopt a metal and water liquid mixed antenna, complete demetalization is not achieved, and installation and integration are not easy.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Therefore, in order to solve the technical problems, a high-performance small-sized ionic liquid antenna is needed to be provided, the bandwidth of the antenna in a high frequency band can be expanded, the radiation performance is enhanced, the dielectric performance is stable, the liquid working range is large, and the mounting and the integration are easy.

A high performance compact ionic liquid antenna comprising: the device comprises a floor, a resonator arranged on the floor and a radiator arranged at the top of the resonator;

the resonator and the radiator are both of cylindrical structures, and the interiors of the resonator and the radiator are communicated to form an accommodating chamber; and the accommodating chamber is internally provided with ionic liquid to be used as a radiation source of the liquid antenna.

In one embodiment, the resonator is a cylindrical structure or a hollow and inverted truncated cone structure.

In one embodiment, the radiator is provided with a plurality of radiators which are vertically stacked.

In one embodiment, the radiator is of an inverted truncated cone structure.

In one embodiment, further comprising: a reflector;

the reflector is a cylindrical structure arranged on the floor, and the reflector surrounds the resonator and the outer side of the radiator.

In one embodiment, further comprising: a reflective film;

the reflecting film is arranged on the inner wall of the reflector and used for reflecting the electromagnetic wave radiated by the radiator.

In one embodiment, the reflector is an inverted prismatic table structure.

In one embodiment, further comprising: a conductive film;

the conductive film is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the floor and used for reflecting electromagnetic waves.

In one embodiment, further comprising: a coaxial feed structure;

and a coaxial inner conductor of the coaxial feed structure penetrates through the conductive film and the floor and then extends into the ionic liquid, and a coaxial outer conductor of the coaxial feed structure is connected with the floor.

In one embodiment, the ionic liquid is trihexyltetradecylphosphine chloride, 1-ethyl-3-methyldiocyanamide, ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile, or oil.

The high-performance small ionic liquid antenna is provided with a structure formed by overlapping the resonator and the radiator, can generate multiple dielectric resonance mode overlapping (a low-order mode, a high-order mode, a mixed mode and the like), enhances the radiation characteristic of the antenna, further improves the impedance matching of the antenna, greatly widens the working frequency band of the antenna under the condition of the same size, and greatly reduces the size of the antenna under the requirement of the same working frequency band so as to meet the requirement of practical application; the organic ionic liquid with stable dielectric property is used as a radiation material, so that the excellent dielectric property of the ionic liquid in a high-frequency band is fully exerted, the dielectric loss of the antenna is still low along with the increase of frequency, the gain of the antenna can be further improved, the antenna can stably work and keep higher radiation efficiency, and the requirements of the liquid antenna in a complex wireless communication system can be met; the liquid antenna can achieve the effects of wide frequency band, high gain and high transparency at 12.7GHz-17.1GHz, has the characteristics of stable dielectric property, large liquid working range, simple structure, small size, high radiation efficiency, flexible structure, strong reconfigurability, high light transmittance, low cost, easiness in obtaining and environmental friendliness, is suitable for complex communication environments, has wide engineering application prospect, and can be widely applied to the communication fields of novel antennas, base station antennas, reconfigurable antennas, Internet of things and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a high performance compact ionic liquid antenna according to one embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a second schematic perspective view of a high performance compact ionic liquid antenna according to one embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a front view of a high performance small ionic liquid antenna in one embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a top view of a high performance compact ionic liquid antenna in one embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the S11 curve for a high performance compact ionic liquid antenna in one embodiment;

FIG. 6 is an E-plane radiation pattern of a high performance compact ionic liquid antenna at 12.7GHz in one embodiment;

FIG. 7 is an E-plane radiation pattern at 13.5GHz for a high performance compact ionic liquid antenna in one embodiment;

FIG. 8 is an E-plane radiation pattern at 14.5GHz for a high performance compact ionic liquid antenna in one embodiment;

FIG. 9 is an E-plane radiation pattern at 15GHz for a high performance compact ionic liquid antenna in one embodiment;

FIG. 10 is an E-plane radiation pattern at 16GHz for a high performance compact ionic liquid antenna in one embodiment;

fig. 11 is an E-plane radiation pattern of a high performance compact ionic liquid antenna at 17GHz in one embodiment.

The reference numbers:

the device comprises a floor 1, a resonator 2, a radiator 3, an ionic liquid 4, a reflector 5, a reflecting film 6, a conducting film 7, a coaxial inner conductor 8 and a coaxial outer conductor 9.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

It should be noted that all the directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present application are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, and the like in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indication is changed accordingly.

Furthermore, descriptions in this application as to "first," "second," etc. are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, "plural groups" means at least two groups, e.g., two groups, three groups, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.

In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; the connection can be mechanical connection, electrical connection, physical connection or wireless communication connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be interconnected within two elements or in a relationship where two elements interact with each other unless otherwise specifically limited. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

In addition, technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to be based on the realization of the technical solutions by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory to each other or cannot be realized, such a combination of technical solutions should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope claimed in the present application.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present application provides a high-performance small ionic liquid antenna, which includes, in one embodiment: the device comprises a floor 1, a resonator 2 arranged on the floor 1 and a radiator 3 arranged at the top of the resonator 2;

the resonator 2 and the radiator 3 are both of cylindrical structures, and the interiors of the resonators and the radiators are communicated to form an accommodating chamber; an ionic liquid 4 is provided in the containment chamber to act as a radiation source for the liquid antenna.

In the present embodiment, the floor panel 1 serves as a supporting floor panel.

The size, shape and material of the floor 1 are not limited, and the floor can be set according to actual conditions. Preferably, the floor panel 1 is a square resin panel.

The present application does not limit the specific shapes of the resonator 2 and the radiator 3, and can be set according to practical situations, for example: a cylindrical structure, a prismatic structure, an inverted circular truncated cone structure, an inverted prismatic truncated cone structure, or the like.

The number of radiators 3 is not limited in the present application, and can be set according to practical situations, for example: one, two or even more.

Preferably, the resonator 2 is of a cylindrical structure, the radiators 3 are of a plurality of inverted circular truncated cone structures, and the radiators 3 are vertically distributed in a stacked manner.

In the present example, the ionic liquid 4 is trihexyltetradecylphosphine chloride, 1-ethyl-3-methyldiocyanamide, ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile or oil.

Preferably, the ionic liquid 4 is trihexyltetradecylphosphine chloride (i.e., TPC), the liquid working range is-69.8 ℃ to 350 ℃, the relative dielectric constant at normal temperature is about 3.1, the conductivity is about 0.00025S/m, the loss tangent is about 0.001, almost no conductivity exists, the ionic liquid is an ideal material for generating dielectric resonance, the liquid working range is wide, the environmental adaptability is strong, and the loss of the medium is almost not influenced with the increase of the frequency and still keeps a lower value.

In this embodiment, the method further includes: a coaxial feed structure; the coaxial inner conductor 8 of the coaxial feed structure penetrates through the floor board 1 and then extends into the ionic liquid 4, and the coaxial outer conductor 9 of the coaxial feed structure is connected with the floor board 1.

A through hole is arranged at the center of the floor 1, so that the coaxial inner conductor 8 penetrates through the through hole and then penetrates into the ionic liquid 4.

It should be noted that the mode of dielectric resonance is essentially the distribution of an infinite variety of electromagnetic fields formed by the confinement and reflection of electromagnetic waves by the inner walls of the dielectric as they propagate inside the dielectric, and each electromagnetic field distribution is called a mode. The specific solution of the pattern can be found by using a bessel function that defines the first zero point as the lowest pattern (called the fundamental mode) and the other zero points relatively as higher order modes, according to the electromagnetic boundary conditions.

In the present application, the antenna may generate a superposition of multiple dielectric resonant modes, including a low-order mode, a high-order mode, a mixed mode, and so on. The low-order mode is generated by a fundamental mode and refers to a TEmn or TMmn mode (m and n are relatively small, such as TE01, TE11, TM01 and other modes), the high-order mode is generated by a high-order mode and refers to a TEmn or TMmn mode (m and n are relatively large, such as TE31, TM51 and other modes), and the HEMmn δ mode referred to by a mixed mode is not a pure TE or TM mode, i.e. has both an electric field component and a magnetic field component in a propagation direction.

In the application, the multiple dielectric superposition is equivalent to multiple dielectric resonance superposition, each dielectric resonator generates different electromagnetic modes, each mode corresponds to different resonance frequency bands, and the resonance frequency bands generated by different dielectric resonators are mixed and overlapped in a certain frequency range by the structural arrangement of the dielectric resonators (in the application, the superposition of the resonators and the radiators) and the adjustment of the sizes of the dielectric resonators, so that the impedance matching of the antenna can be improved, and a wider frequency band can be realized.

The high-performance small ionic liquid antenna is provided with a structure of overlapping the resonator and the radiator, can generate multiple dielectric resonance mode overlapping (a low-order mode, a high-order mode, a mixed mode and the like are excited in the resonator and the radiator), enhances the radiation characteristic of the antenna, further improves the impedance matching of the antenna, greatly widens the working frequency band of the antenna under the condition of the same size, and greatly reduces the size of the antenna under the requirement of the same working frequency band so as to meet the requirement of practical application; the organic ionic liquid with stable dielectric property is used as a radiation material, so that the excellent dielectric property of the ionic liquid in a high-frequency band is fully exerted, the dielectric loss of the antenna is still low along with the increase of frequency, the gain of the antenna can be further improved, the antenna can stably work and keep higher radiation efficiency, and the requirement of the liquid antenna on a complex wireless communication system can be met; the liquid antenna can achieve the effects of wide frequency band, high gain and high transparency at 12.7GHz-17.1GHz, is stable in dielectric property, large in liquid working range, simple in structure, small in size, high in radiation efficiency, flexible in structure, strong in reconfigurability, high in light transmittance, low in cost, easy to obtain, green and environment-friendly, suitable for complex communication environments, wide in engineering application prospect, and capable of being widely applied to the communication fields of novel antennas, base station antennas, reconfigurable antennas, the Internet of things and the like.

Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: a reflector 5 and a reflective film 6; the reflector 5 is a cylindrical structure arranged on the floor 1, and the reflector 5 surrounds the resonator 2 and the radiator 3; a reflecting film 6 is provided on the inner wall of the reflector 5 for reflecting the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiator.

The arrangement of the reflector 5 can enable the radiation wave beams of the antenna to be more greatly concentrated, the directivity is stronger, and the radiation gain and the radiation efficiency of the antenna can be greatly improved under the condition of not increasing the structural size of the antenna; the reflecting film can be transparent TCF (transparent conductive film), which can be equivalent to an ideal conductor to reflect electromagnetic wave.

The shape of the reflector 5 is not limited by the application, and the reflector can be set according to actual conditions as long as the cross section of the reflector has a tendency of gradually increasing from bottom to top.

Preferably, the reflector 5 is an inverted prismatic table structure. The reflector of the prismatic table structure is provided with opposite inclined surfaces, so that electromagnetic waves radiated by the radiator can be reflected on the reflecting film on the surface of the reflector and meet the center of the antenna after being reflected, and the radiation gain of the antenna is further improved.

Further preferably, the reflector 5 is an inverted quadrangular frustum pyramid structure, which is convenient to process and has better reflection performance.

The working process of the embodiment is as follows: electromagnetic waves are transmitted into the ionic liquid through the coaxial outer conductor and the coaxial inner conductor, are radiated into the atmosphere through the ionic liquid, are transmitted to the reflector along the radiator, are transmitted on the reflecting film on the surface of the reflector, then are intersected, and are further radiated out.

In one embodiment, further comprising: a conductive film 7; the conductive film 7 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the floor 1 for reflecting electromagnetic waves.

In the present embodiment, the coaxial inner conductor 8 of the coaxial feed structure penetrates through the conductive film 7 and the floor board 1 and then extends into the ionic liquid 4.

In this embodiment, the conductive film 7 may be a transparent TCF, the surface resistance of which is in the range of 5-20 Ω/sq, the sheet resistance is inversely proportional to the conductivity, which affects the effect of the floor in reflecting electromagnetic waves, and the smaller sheet resistance of the transparent conductive film may approximately replace metal to function as a reflective floor, so that the floor serves as a reflective floor while serving as a supporting floor, and therefore, in an actual situation, a conductive film with a smaller surface resistance (i.e., sheet resistance) may be selected. The transparent conductive film is used for replacing a metal floor, and the purpose is to replace an ideal conductor, so that the transparency of the antenna is further improved while the gain is improved.

In one embodiment, the floor 1, the resonator 2, the radiator 3 and the reflector 5 of the liquid antenna are all formed by 3D printing, photosensitive resin is selected as materials, the dielectric constant is about 2.8-3.3 at normal temperature, demetalization of the liquid antenna is really achieved, and transparency of the antenna is improved.

Preferably, in a particular embodiment, the resonator has a diameter of 100mm and a height of 15 mm; the two radiators are superposed on the resonator, the diameter of each radiator is 76.7mm, the height of each radiator is 17.5mm, and the inclination angle of each radiator is 60 degrees; the side length of the reflector is 152mm, the height of the reflector is 50mm, the thickness of the reflector is 3mm, and the inclination angle of the reflector is 23 degrees; the centers of the resonator, radiator and reflector are collinear; the thickness of the transparent conductive film is 12.5-125 um.

In the embodiment, the ionic liquid which has excellent and stable dielectric property, small loss and insensitivity to change along with the increase of frequency is applied to the liquid antenna, so that the liquid antenna can be expanded to a high-frequency band, and stable and efficient work is realized; the two round table-shaped radiators are superposed above the cylindrical resonator, so that the beam concentration degree of the antenna can be further increased; under the condition that the size of the antenna structure is not increased, a reflector in a frustum pyramid shape is loaded around the resonator, and a transparent conductive film is attached to the inner wall of the reflector, so that the gain of the antenna can be greatly improved, and the performance of the liquid antenna is optimal by combining the characteristics of ionic liquid; the multiple medium modes generated by the ionic liquid and the medium container can further improve impedance matching and realize the characteristic of broadband work; finally, the transparent conductive film with high conductivity is pasted on the lower surface of the square resin bottom plate, so that the transparent conductive film is equivalent to an ideal metal conductor and plays a role in reflecting electromagnetic waves.

The liquid antenna is subjected to simulation analysis and optimization by using the electromagnetic software CST, and the structural parameters, S parameters and radiation patterns of the liquid antenna are researched.

The variation of the S parameter value with frequency is shown in fig. 5. As can be seen from the figure, the working frequency band of the antenna is 12.7GHz-17.1GHz (< -10dB), and the relative bandwidth is 29.3%.

Fig. 6 to fig. 11 show E-plane radiation patterns of different frequency points in the working frequency band, and it can be seen from the patterns that the antenna has a strong radiation characteristic in the working frequency band. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

FIG. 6 is the E-plane radiation pattern at 12.7GHz with a gain of 12.8 dBi;

FIG. 7 is an E-plane radiation pattern at 13.5GHz with a gain of 10.1 dBi;

FIG. 8 is an E-plane radiation pattern at 14.5GHz with a gain of 13.4 dBi;

FIG. 9 is a 15GHz E-plane radiation pattern with a gain of 14.6 dBi;

FIG. 10 is a 16GHz E-plane radiation pattern with a gain of 13.2 dBi;

FIG. 11 is the E-plane radiation pattern at 17GHz with a gain of 11.1 dBi.

The utility model provides a liquid antenna, can overcome current conventional water antenna and extremely low in high band (>6GHz) radiant efficiency, the band is narrow, liquid working range is little and the shortcoming that the luminousness is low, through loading cylindrical resonator, round platform shape radiator and prismoid reflector, and the inner wall at floor bottom and reflector posts transparent conducting film, utilize the characteristic of stable performance's low-loss ionic liquid simultaneously, this liquid antenna broadband has been realized, high gain, the operating characteristic of high transparency, and it is nimble to have simple structure, easily install, advantages such as green, can wide application in novel antenna, base station antenna, in a plurality of fields such as thing networking.

The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent application shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A high performance small ionic liquid antenna, comprising: the device comprises a floor, a resonator arranged on the floor and a radiator arranged at the top of the resonator;

2. The small ionic liquid antenna of claim 1, wherein the resonator is of a cylindrical structure or a hollow inverted truncated cone structure.

3. The small ionic liquid antenna according to claim 2, wherein the radiator is provided in plurality, and the radiators are vertically stacked.

4. The compact ionic liquid antenna of claim 3, wherein the radiator is an inverted truncated cone structure.

5. The small ionic liquid antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising: a reflector;

the reflector is a cylindrical structure arranged on the floor, and the reflector surrounds the outer sides of the resonator and the radiator.

6. The small ionic liquid antenna according to claim 5, further comprising: a reflective film;

7. The small ionic liquid antenna of claim 6, wherein the reflector is an inverted truncated pyramid structure.

8. The small ionic liquid antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising: a conductive film;

9. The small ionic liquid antenna of claim 8, further comprising: a coaxial feed structure;

10. The compact ionic liquid antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ionic liquid is trihexyltetradecylphosphine chloride, 1-ethyl-3-methyldiocyanamide, ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile, or oil.