CN115596106A - 一种阻抗复合吸隔声板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种阻抗复合吸隔声板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115596106A
CN115596106A CN202211037983.7A CN202211037983A CN115596106A CN 115596106 A CN115596106 A CN 115596106A CN 202211037983 A CN202211037983 A CN 202211037983A CN 115596106 A CN115596106 A CN 115596106A
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sound absorption
resistive
insulation board
sound
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刘强
张少平
张兰
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Shaanxi Gongdafutian Technology Engineering Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及吸、隔声板材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种阻抗复合吸隔声板及其制备方法。所述阻抗复合吸隔声板由阻性背板、抗性面板以及抗性空腔组成。所述阻抗复合吸隔声板耐候性能好，适用于各种场合的吸隔声降噪。所述吸隔声板，带抗性消声功能，对低频段噪声降噪效果优良。所述隔声板不含岩棉、玻璃棉等吸声纤维制品，阻性背板以发泡水泥为基材，取材广泛，制作工艺简单，成本低廉。相比传统金属隔声板、水泥隔声板隔声性能优越。同时可通过调整抗性空腔厚度实现不增加隔声板重量的情况下，增加隔声板的隔声量。所述阻性背板、抗性面板不怕风吹、雨淋、日晒，耐候性能好，适用于各种场合的降噪。拥有很好的市场推广前景。

Description

一种阻抗复合吸隔声板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及吸、隔声板材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种阻抗复合吸隔声板及其制备方法。
背景技术
在噪声治理工程中，传统使用的吸隔声降噪板为金属材料、工程塑料、再生多孔木板等，传统吸隔声板内部大多填充岩棉、玻璃棉等吸声纤维制品。一般情况，根据声学质量定律(材料越重即面密度或单位面积质量越大，隔音效果越好。对于单层密致均实墙，面密度每增加一倍，隔音量在理论上增加6dB,这种规律即为质量定律)，传统隔声板的隔声量取决于隔声板的平均面密度，面密度越大隔声性能越好。在使用过程传统吸隔声板存在不少问题。金属材料价格贵，易腐蚀；填充的岩棉、玻璃棉等吸声纤维制品，易吸水受潮，加速金属面板的腐蚀，且吸水受潮后，吸声性能下降；受限于质量定律，隔声量较高的都比较笨重，对安装钢结构承载力要求高；金属隔声板，刚度较小，内部需要增加多道龙骨，填充吸声材料，制造工艺相对复杂；金属吸隔声板大多内部填充吸隔声玻璃棉、岩棉，吸隔声板腐蚀老化后，纤维制品可能从吸声孔泄露，影响人体健康及生态环境。
工程塑料、再生多孔木板，一般用于干燥环境下的室内吸隔声。室外环境下，极易老化，吸隔声性能下降。
传统隔声板对于低频噪声的隔声性能较差。一般很难满足低频噪声治理要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的就在于针对上述现有技术的不足，提供一种阻抗复合吸隔声板。所述阻抗复合吸隔声板由阻性背板、抗性面板以及抗性空腔组成。所述阻抗复合吸隔声板耐候性能好，适用于各种场合的吸隔声降噪。所述阻抗复合吸隔声板，带抗性消声功能，对低频段噪声降噪效果优良。所述阻抗复合吸隔声板不含岩棉、玻璃棉等吸声纤维制品，阻性背板以发泡水泥为基材，取材广泛，制作工艺简单，成本低廉。
阻性背板对中高频噪声的隔声性能较好，抗性面板及空腔形成了抗性消声原理，通过声学设计，针对低频噪声的降噪效果好。
所述阻抗复合吸隔声板的阻性背板以水泥为基材，添加一定比例的化学发泡剂，通过模具成型后，形成一体式阻性背板，所述阻性背板含有大量封闭的气孔，所述阻性背板带有安装凹凸子母扣。所述抗性面板为金属穿孔板，背板与面板之间形成抗性空腔，所述空腔的厚度及抗性面板的穿孔率根据声源特性设计。
作为本技术方案的进一步优化，所述阻性背板的基材可替换为发泡陶瓷。
作为本技术方案的进一步优化，所述阻性背板的隔声性能主要取决于其平均密度，封闭孔的平均含量。
作为本技术方案的进一步优化，所述阻性背板为预制板，通过特制模具浇注成型，内部可添加金属加强筋增强背板的抗拉性能。
作为本技术方案的进一步优化，所述抗性面板的穿孔率及抗性空腔的厚度根据噪声源的特性来设计，主要根据低频段噪声来设计，弥补阻性背板低频段降噪性能不足。
作为本技术方案的进一步优化，所述发泡水泥密度一般为50～200kg/m3，热导率范围约0.06～0.08w/m·K。
作为本技术方案的进一步优化，单元板与单元板之间设有抗震阻尼层。
作为本技术方案的进一步优化，所述阻抗复合吸隔声板上下两侧带有凹凸子母扣。
作为本技术方案的进一步优化，抗性面板与阻性面板装配时可设置一定的角度，防止噪声反射效应。
作为本技术方案的进一步优化，抗性面板可以结合城市美学喷绘各种颜色的图案、图形。
作为本技术方案的进一步优化，抗性面板可以设计为尖劈状或折角型，以增大抗性面板的面板吸声面积。
作为本技术方案的进一步优化，阻尼减震垫可采用胶粘预装或现场装配的形式安装。
附图说明
图1为本发明外观示意图。
图2为本发明结构示意图。
图3为本发明安装时，拼接示意图，图4为穿孔板厚度在不同频率下对吸声性能的影响曲线，图5为穿孔板孔径在不同频率下对吸声性能的影响曲线，图6为抗性空腔厚度在不同频率下对吸声性能的影响曲线。
图中：1、抗性面板；2、抗性空腔；3、装配螺钉；4、装配凹槽；5、阻尼减震垫； 6、阻性背板；7、装配凸起。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”、“顶部”、“底部”等指示的方位或状态关系为基于附图所示的方位或状态关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的机构或部件必须具有的特定方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
请参阅图1-3，本发明提供一种技术方案：阻抗复合吸隔声板及其制备方法，包括抗性面板1、抗性空腔2、装配螺钉3、装配凹槽4、阻尼减震垫5、阻性背板6、装配凸起 7。
该阻抗复合吸隔声板的制备方法包括以下步骤：
本实施例以2000mm*500mm*120mm规格的阻抗复合吸隔声板为例，但并不将本发明的保护范围限定在以下实施例中。
(1)采用发泡水泥制备阻性背板，发泡水泥配方为
序号 原材料 数量/重量份
1 水泥 60
2 粉煤灰 30
3 活性剂 30
4 发泡剂 30
5 稳泡剂 6
6 减水剂 3
7 促凝剂 3
8 防水剂 10
9 防开裂剂 3
10 水 120
①将水泥60重量份，粉煤灰30重量份，活性剂30重量份，稳泡剂6重量份，减水剂3重量份，促凝剂3重量份，防水剂10重量份，防开裂剂3重量份，水120重量份在搅拌容器中混合均匀，得到流动性良好的浆料。
②将发泡剂加入到步骤①制备好的浆料中，充分搅拌，混合均匀后，注入到2000mm*500mm*100mm规格的背板模具中，发泡成型后，脱模即可得到 2000mm*500mm*100mm规格阻性背板。
(2)制备抗性面板
①抗性面板穿孔率选取，面板的穿孔率一般不大于10％，穿孔孔径一般为3～5mm，本实施例选取1mm厚，穿孔率10％，孔径5mm的镀铝锌穿孔板。穿孔板厚度在不同频率下对吸声性能的影响曲线，见说明书附图4。穿孔板孔径在不同频率下对吸声性能的影响曲线，见说明书附图5。
②抗性空腔厚度设计，空腔厚度一般为50mm～300mm，空腔厚度越厚，低频消声性能越好，本实施例选取空腔厚度为200mm，抗性空腔厚度在不同频率下对吸声性能的影响曲线，见说明书附图6。
③选取1mm厚，穿孔率10％，孔径5mm的镀铝锌穿孔板，尺寸为 2000mm*140mm，对穿孔板两个长2000mm的边进行90°折角，折角宽度为40mm。
(3)抗性面板与阻性背板装配
将(2)中的面板与(1)中的背板用膨胀螺钉将面板与背板紧固后，即可得到阻抗复合吸隔声板，膨胀螺钉间距一般为200～300mm。
(4)阻抗复合吸隔声板安装时，单元板之间设置阻尼减震垫。
根据以上制备方法，制备不同类型的阻抗复合吸隔声板。
一、实施例中的阻抗复合吸隔声板的详细参数如下表：
Figure RE-GDA0003965795100000041
实施例1-2,6-7中阻性背板均采用(1)中方法制备。
二、经检测，上述实施例的隔声量如下表所示：
项目 隔声量/dB(A) 试件面密度kg/m<sup>2</sup>
实施例1 52.69 22.07
实施例2 50.83 22.06
实施例3 38.22 50.00
实施例4 42.27 15.00
实施例5 31.67 20.50
实施例6 54.58 22.07
实施例7 53.60 22.06
因此通过上表可知，可以看出阻抗复合吸隔声板隔声量，相比传统金属隔声板、水泥隔声板隔声性能优越。同时可通过调整抗性空腔厚度实现不增加隔声板重量的情况下，增加隔声板的隔声量。所述阻抗复合吸隔声板制备方法简单。水泥背板取材广泛，成本低。所述阻抗复合吸隔声板不填充纤维吸声材料，安全环保。所述阻性背板、抗性面板不怕风吹、雨淋、日晒，耐候性能好，适用于各种场合的降噪。拥有很好的市场推广前景。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (6)

1.一种阻抗复合吸隔声板及其制备方法，包括抗性面板（1）、抗性空腔（2）、装配螺钉（3）、装配凹槽（4）、阻尼减震垫（5）、阻性背板（6）、装配凸起（7）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻抗复合吸隔声板，不含岩棉、玻璃棉等吸声纤维制品，阻性背板以发泡水泥为基材，取材广泛，制作工艺简单，成本低廉。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阻抗复合吸隔声板，阻性背板对中高频噪声的隔声性能较好，抗性面板及空腔形成了抗性消声原理，通过声学设计，针对低频噪声的降噪效果好。
4.根据权利要求1所述的阻抗复合吸隔声板的背板以水泥为基材，添加一定比例的化学发泡剂，通过模具成型后，形成一体式阻性背板，所述背板含有大量封闭的气孔，所述阻性背板带有安装凹凸子母扣。
5.根据权利要求1所述的阻抗复合吸隔声板的抗性面板为金属穿孔板，背板与面板之间形成抗性空腔，所述空腔的厚度及抗性面板的穿孔率根据声源特性设计。
6.根据权利要求1所述的阻抗复合吸隔声板，单元板与单元板之间设有阻尼减震垫。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116959396A (zh) * 2023-09-20 2023-10-27 江苏建声影视设备研制有限公司 一种穿孔合金吸声反射多层合金板及其制备工艺

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116959396A (zh) * 2023-09-20 2023-10-27 江苏建声影视设备研制有限公司 一种穿孔合金吸声反射多层合金板及其制备工艺
CN116959396B (zh) * 2023-09-20 2023-12-15 江苏建声影视设备研制有限公司 一种穿孔合金吸声反射多层合金板及其制备工艺

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