CN115595518A - Forging heat treatment process for 7-series extruded aluminum alloy bar - Google Patents
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- CN115595518A CN115595518A CN202211518155.5A CN202211518155A CN115595518A CN 115595518 A CN115595518 A CN 115595518A CN 202211518155 A CN202211518155 A CN 202211518155A CN 115595518 A CN115595518 A CN 115595518A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K27/00—Handling devices, e.g. for feeding, aligning, discharging, Cutting-off means; Arrangement thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0075—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rods of limited length
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forging heat treatment process for a 7-series extruded aluminum alloy bar, which is characterized by adopting three-section temperature type heat treatment, wherein the first section temperature is 467 to 475 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 to 3h; the temperature of the second section is 410 to 430 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 0.7 to 1.5 hours; the temperature of the third section is 180 to 230 ℃, the temperature is preserved in two sections, the initial heat preservation time is 0.4 to 0.6h, and the heat preservation time between two sections is 7 to 15min. After the heat treatment process, the grain anisotropy of the extruded deformation structure of the 7-series aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy bar is improved, broken grains in the deformation structure are basically eliminated, one part of unbalanced eutectic structures existing in a grain boundary is dissolved into a matrix, the other part of unbalanced eutectic structures is subjected to phase change and is converted into grains from a long strip shape, and the integral number of a second phase surface is reduced. In the aspect of alloy performance, the strength and the plasticity of the alloy after heat treatment are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to a forging heat treatment process for a 7-series extruded aluminum alloy bar.
Background
The aluminum-magnesium-zinc-copper alloy is a 7XXX series aluminum alloy, is a wrought aluminum alloy and a heat-treatable alloy, belongs to a super-hard aluminum alloy, and has good wear resistance and good weldability. However, since anisotropy is generated during the process. The problem that the structure and the component unevenness caused by the unbalanced eutectic phase in the deformed aluminum alloy are poor in subsequent deformability of the aluminum alloy is solved, and the problem is a bottleneck for restricting the physical property of the A1-Mg-Zn-Cu aluminum alloy improvement material. In order to substantially eliminate anisotropy in the as-extruded material and non-equilibrium eutectic phases in the structure, a homogeneous heat treatment process is generally employed. However, the hot working performance of the deformed aluminum alloy is improved by the homogeneous heat treatment process, and the physical performance of the material is not greatly improved by adopting a forging processing mode subsequently. For 7-series aluminum-magnesium-zinc-copper alloy with a complex alloy system, establishment of an effective heat treatment process lays a firm foundation for subsequent processing development and physical property improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a forging heat treatment process for a 7-series extruded aluminum alloy bar.
The invention aims to realize the process, wherein the forging heat treatment process of the 7-series extruded aluminum alloy bar adopts three-section temperature type heat treatment, the first section temperature is 467 to 475 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 to 3h; the temperature of the second section is 410 to 430 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 0.7 to 1.5 hours; the temperature of the third section is 180 to 230 ℃, the temperature is preserved in two sections, the initial heat preservation time is 0.4 to 0.6h, and the heat preservation time between two sections is 7 to 15min.
The specific operation is as follows:
(1) The heat treatment process adopts a three-stage temperature type, wherein the first stage is 470 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2.5h, the second stage is 420 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1h, the third stage is 200 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out in two stages, the initial heat preservation time is 0.5h, and the heat preservation time between the stages is 10min. (2) Controlling the temperature rise time from room temperature to 470 ℃ of a first section temperature to be 1h, keeping the temperature for 2.5h, quenching with water, controlling the quenching transfer time to be not more than 10 seconds, controlling the temperature rise time from the room temperature to 420 ℃ of a second section temperature to be 1h, keeping the temperature for 1h, carrying out primary three-way forging at the temperature, wherein the transfer time is less than 10 seconds, carrying out forging in 3 mutually perpendicular directions (x-y-z), controlling the deformation amount in each direction of the forging to be about 20%, and carrying out air cooling to the room temperature after the forging is finished. The temperature rise time from room temperature to the third section temperature of 200 ℃ is controlled at 1h, the temperature is kept for 0.5h, forging is carried out at the temperature, the transfer time is less than 10 seconds, the forging is carried out in two passes, three-way forging is carried out in 3 mutually perpendicular directions (x-y-z), the deformation amount of each pass in each direction of the forging is controlled at about 10%, and the material is placed back into a heat treatment furnace at 200 ℃ for heat preservation for 10 minutes between each pass. And immediately performing water quenching after forging. (3) The above mentioned temperatures refer to the temperature of the bar, the temperature control range is + -3 deg.C.
Compared with the traditional homogenization heat treatment process, after the heat treatment process disclosed by the invention, the grain anisotropy of the extrusion structure of the 7-series aluminum-magnesium-zinc-copper alloy extrusion bar is improved, the dendrites in the extrusion structure are basically eliminated, one part of the unbalanced eutectic structure existing in the grain boundary is dissolved in the matrix, the other part of the unbalanced eutectic structure is subjected to phase change and is converted into granules from a strip shape, and the second phase area fraction is reduced. In the aspect of alloy performance, the strength and plasticity of the alloy after heat treatment are improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. aiming at the traditional wrought aluminum alloy processing mode (processing deformation, heat treatment for improving the work hardening phenomenon, improving plasticity, then performing deformation processing, repeating for many times until the mode finished product is delivered out of the factory, and performing heat treatment to adjust the product state after the processing is finished), the invention directly deforms the processed wrought aluminum alloy structure in a forging mode, finally performs quenching and tempering in a heat treatment mode to adjust the mode finished product of the product state to be delivered out of the factory, sacrifices partial plasticity, and directly improves the strength of the product.
2. Aiming at the problems of long flow path, multiple deformation processing and heat treatment passes and the like in the traditional deformation aluminum alloy processing process, the invention directly deforms the processed deformation aluminum alloy structure in a forging mode and finally carries out hardening and tempering in a heat treatment mode. The forging ratio and the heat treatment system are reasonably established, the processing pass and the heat treatment times are reduced, and the production energy consumption is reduced.
3. After the extruded structure is directly forged and processed, the thermal treatment process is adopted, the grain anisotropy of the deformed structure is improved, the dendritic crystal in the extruded structure is basically eliminated, one part of the unbalanced eutectic structure existing in the grain boundary is dissolved in the matrix, the other part of the unbalanced eutectic structure is subjected to phase change and is converted into granules from a strip shape, and the mechanical property of the material is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic temperature profile of the forging heat treatment process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The forging heat treatment process of the 7-series extruded aluminum alloy bar adopts three-section temperature type heat treatment, wherein the first section temperature is 467 to 475 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 to 3h; the temperature of the second section is 410 to 430 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 0.7 to 1.5 hours; the temperature of the third section is 180 to 230 ℃, the temperature is preserved in two sections, the initial heat preservation time is 0.4 to 0.6h, and the heat preservation time between two sections is 7 to 15min.
The forging heat treatment process of the 7-series extruded aluminum alloy bar adopts three-stage temperature heat treatment, wherein the temperature of a first stage is 468 to 472 ℃, and the heat is preserved for 2.4 to 2.6 hours; the temperature of the second section is 417 to 423 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 0.8 to 1.2h; the temperature of the third section is 197 to 203 ℃, the temperature is preserved in two sections, the initial heat preservation time is 0.45 to 0.55h, and the heat preservation time between the next section is 8 to 12min.
Controlling the temperature rise time from the room temperature to the first period of temperature to be 0.8-1.2h, and keeping the temperature after the temperature rises to the first period of temperature.
And water quenching is carried out after the first stage of heat preservation, and the quenching transfer time does not exceed 10s.
Controlling the temperature rise time from room temperature to the second-stage temperature within 0.8 to 1.2h, and keeping the temperature after rising to the second-stage temperature.
And the second stage of heat preservation is to perform primary three-way forging at the temperature, the transfer time is less than 10s, the forging is performed in 3 mutually perpendicular directions, the deformation of each time in each direction of the forging is controlled within 15-25%, and the air cooling is performed to the room temperature after the forging is finished.
And (3) controlling the temperature rise time from the room temperature to the third-stage temperature to be 0.8-1.2h, and keeping the temperature after rising to the third-stage temperature.
And the third stage of heat preservation is to forge the material at the temperature, the transfer time is less than 10s, the forging is carried out for two times, the three-way forging is carried out in 3 mutually perpendicular directions, the deformation of the material in each direction of the forging is controlled to be 8-12% each time, the material is placed back to the temperature for heat preservation for 8-12min between each time, and water quenching is carried out after the forging is finished.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples:
example 1
(1) The heat treatment process adopts a three-stage temperature type, wherein the first stage is 470 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2.5h, the second stage is 420 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1h, the third stage is 200 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out in two stages, the initial heat preservation time is 0.5h, and the heat preservation time between the stages is 10min.
(2) Controlling the temperature rise time from room temperature to 470 ℃ of a first section temperature to be 1h, keeping the temperature for 2.5h, quenching with water, controlling the quenching transfer time to be no more than 10 seconds, controlling the temperature rise time from room temperature to 420 ℃ of a second section temperature to be 1h, keeping the temperature for 1h, carrying out primary three-way forging at the temperature, wherein the transfer time is less than 10 seconds, carrying out forging in 3 mutually perpendicular directions (x-y-z), controlling the deformation amount in each direction of forging to be 20%, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature after the forging is finished. The temperature rise time from room temperature to the third section temperature of 200 ℃ is controlled to be 1h, the temperature is kept for 0.5h, forging is carried out at the temperature, the transfer time is less than 10 seconds, the forging is carried out in two passes, three-way forging is carried out in 3 mutually perpendicular directions (x-y-z), the deformation amount of each pass in each direction of the forging is controlled to be 10%, and the material is placed back into a heat treatment furnace at the temperature of 200 ℃ for heat preservation for 10 minutes between each pass. And immediately performing water quenching after forging.
(3) The above mentioned temperatures refer to the temperature of the bar, the temperature control range being ± 3 ℃.
The 7-series extruded aluminum alloy rods treated in this example were examined as follows:
example 2
(1) The heat treatment process adopts a three-stage temperature type, wherein the first stage is 467 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, the second stage is 410 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1.5 hours, the third stage is 180 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out in two stages, the initial heat preservation time is 0.6 hour, and the heat preservation time between two stages is 10min.
(2) Controlling the temperature rise time from room temperature to 467 ℃ of the first section temperature to 0.8h, keeping the temperature for 3h, quenching with water, controlling the quenching transfer time to be not more than 10 seconds, controlling the temperature rise time from room temperature to 410 ℃ of the second section temperature to 0.8h, keeping the temperature for 1.5h, carrying out primary three-way forging at the temperature, the transfer time to be less than 10 seconds, carrying out forging in 3 mutually vertical directions (x-y-z), controlling the deformation amount in each direction of forging to be 15%, and cooling to room temperature after finishing forging. The temperature rise time from room temperature to the third section temperature of 180 ℃ is controlled to be 0.8h, the temperature is kept for 0.6h, forging is carried out at the temperature, the transfer time is less than 10 seconds, the forging is carried out in two passes, three-way forging is carried out in 3 mutually perpendicular directions (x-y-z), the deformation amount of each pass in each direction of the forging is controlled to be 8%, and the material is placed back into a heat treatment furnace at 180 ℃ for heat preservation for 7 minutes between each pass. And immediately performing water quenching after forging.
(3) The above mentioned temperatures refer to the temperature of the bar, the temperature control range being ± 3 ℃.
The 7-series extruded aluminum alloy rods treated in the present example were examined as follows:
example 3
(1) The heat treatment process adopts a three-stage temperature type, wherein the temperature of a first stage is 468 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2.6h, the temperature of a second stage is 417 ℃, the temperature is kept for 1.2h, the temperature of a third stage is 197 ℃, the temperature is kept in two stages, the initial temperature keeping time is 0.55h, and the temperature keeping time between stages is 10min.
(2) Controlling the temperature rise time from room temperature to a first section temperature of 468 ℃ to be 0.9h, keeping the temperature for 2.6h, quenching with water, controlling the quenching transfer time to be not more than 10 seconds, controlling the temperature rise time from the room temperature to a second section temperature of 420 ℃ to be 0.9h, keeping the temperature for 1.2h, carrying out primary three-way forging at the temperature, wherein the transfer time is less than 10 seconds, carrying out forging in 3 mutually perpendicular directions (x-y-z), controlling the deformation of each time in each direction of forging to be 18%, and cooling to the room temperature after finishing forging. The temperature rise time from room temperature to third section temperature of 197 ℃ is controlled to be 0.9h, the temperature is kept for 0.55h, forging is carried out at the temperature, the transfer time is less than 10 seconds, the forging is carried out in two passes, three-way forging is carried out, the forging is carried out in 3 mutually perpendicular directions (x-y-z), the deformation amount of each pass in each direction of the forging is controlled to be 9%, and the material is placed back into a heat treatment furnace at the temperature of 197 ℃ for heat preservation for 8 minutes between each pass. And immediately performing water quenching after forging.
(3) The above mentioned temperatures refer to the temperature of the bar, the temperature control range being ± 3 ℃.
The 7-series extruded aluminum alloy rods treated in the present example were examined as follows:
example 4
(1) The heat treatment process adopts a three-section temperature type, wherein the first section is 472 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2.4h, the second section is 423 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.8h, the third section is 203 ℃, the heat preservation time is divided into two sections, the initial heat preservation time is 0.45h, and the heat preservation time between two sections is 10min.
(2) Controlling the temperature rise time from room temperature to 472 ℃ of the first section temperature to be 1.1h, keeping the temperature for 2.4h, quenching with water, controlling the quenching transfer time to be no more than 10 seconds, controlling the temperature rise time from room temperature to 423 ℃ of the second section temperature to be 1.1h, keeping the temperature for 0.8h, carrying out primary three-way forging at the temperature, controlling the transfer time to be less than 10 seconds, carrying out forging in 3 mutually perpendicular directions (x-y-z), controlling the deformation of each time in each direction of forging to be 23%, and cooling to room temperature after finishing forging. The temperature rise time from room temperature to the third section temperature of 203 ℃ is controlled to be 1.1h, the temperature is kept for 0.45h, forging is carried out at the temperature, the transfer time is less than 10 seconds, the forging is carried out in two passes, three-way forging is carried out in 3 mutually perpendicular directions (x-y-z), the deformation amount of each pass in each direction of the forging is controlled to be 11%, and the material is placed back into a heat treatment furnace at the temperature of 203 ℃ for heat preservation for 12 minutes between each pass. And immediately performing water quenching after forging.
(3) The above mentioned temperatures refer to the temperature of the bar, the temperature control range being ± 3 ℃.
The 7-series extruded aluminum alloy rods treated in this example were examined as follows:
example 5
(1) The heat treatment process adopts a three-stage temperature type, wherein the first stage is 475 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2h, the second stage is 430 ℃, the temperature is kept for 0.7h, the third stage is 200 ℃, the temperature is kept in two stages, the initial temperature keeping time is 0.4h, and the temperature keeping time between stages is 10min.
(2) Controlling the temperature rise time from room temperature to 475 ℃ of the first stage temperature to be 1.2h, keeping the temperature for 2h, quenching with water, controlling the quenching transfer time to be not more than 10 seconds, controlling the temperature rise time from room temperature to 430 ℃ of the second stage temperature to be 1.2h, keeping the temperature for 0.7h, carrying out primary three-way forging at the temperature, the transfer time to be less than 10 seconds, carrying out forging in 3 mutually vertical directions (x-y-z), controlling the deformation amount in each direction of forging to be 25%, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature after the forging is finished. The temperature rise time from the room temperature to the third section temperature of 230 ℃ is controlled to be 1.2h, the heat preservation is carried out for 0.4h, the forging is carried out at the temperature, the transfer time is less than 10 seconds, the forging is carried out in two passes, the three-way forging is carried out in 3 mutually perpendicular directions (x-y-z), the deformation amount of each pass in each direction of the forging is controlled to be 12%, and the material is placed back into a heat treatment furnace at the temperature of 230 ℃ for heat preservation for 15 minutes between each pass. And immediately performing water quenching after forging.
(3) The above mentioned temperatures refer to the temperature of the bar, the temperature control range is + -3 deg.C.
The 7-series extruded aluminum alloy rods treated in this example were examined as follows:
Claims (8)
1. a forging heat treatment process for a 7-series extruded aluminum alloy bar is characterized by adopting three-section temperature type heat treatment, wherein the temperature of a first section is 467 to 475 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2 to 3h; the temperature of the second section is 410 to 430 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 0.7 to 1.5 hours; the temperature of the third section is 180 to 230 ℃, the temperature is preserved in two sections, the initial heat preservation time is 0.4 to 0.6h, and the heat preservation time between two sections is 7 to 15min.
2. The forging heat treatment process of the 7-series extruded aluminum alloy bar according to claim 1, which is characterized in that three-stage temperature type heat treatment is adopted, wherein the first stage temperature is 468 to 472 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2.4 to 2.6 hours; the temperature of the second section is 417 to 423 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 0.8 to 1.2h; the temperature of the third section is 197 to 203 ℃, the temperature is preserved in two sections, the initial heat preservation time is 0.45 to 0.55h, and the heat preservation time between the next section is 8 to 12min.
3. The heat treatment process for the forging process of the 7-series extruded aluminum alloy bar according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature rise time from room temperature to the first section of temperature is controlled within 0.8 to 1.2h, and the temperature is kept after the temperature rises to the first section of temperature.
4. The forging heat treatment process for a 7-series extruded aluminum alloy rod according to claim 1, wherein the first stage is maintained at a temperature and then water quenched, and the quenching transfer time is not more than 10 seconds.
5. The forging heat treatment process for the 7-series extruded aluminum alloy bar according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature rise time from room temperature to the second-stage temperature is controlled within 0.8 to 1.2h, and the temperature is kept after the temperature rises to the second-stage temperature.
6. The forging heat treatment process of a 7-series extruded aluminum alloy bar according to claim 1, wherein the second-stage heat preservation is performed by performing primary three-way forging at the temperature, the transfer time is less than 10s, the forging is performed in 3 mutually perpendicular directions, the deformation amount of each time in each direction of the forging is controlled within 15-25%, and the bar is air-cooled to room temperature after the forging is completed.
7. The forging heat treatment process of the 7-series extruded aluminum alloy bar according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature rise time from room temperature to the third-stage temperature is controlled within 0.8 to 1.2h, and the temperature is kept after the temperature rises to the third-stage temperature.
8. The forging heat treatment process of a 7-series extruded aluminum alloy bar according to claim 1, wherein the third-stage heat preservation is performed by forging at the temperature for less than 10s, the transfer time is two-stage forging, the three-stage forging is performed in 3 mutually perpendicular directions, the deformation amount of each forging direction is controlled to be 8-12%, the material is placed back at the temperature for 8-12min during each stage of forging, and water quenching is performed after the forging is completed.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002348630A (en) * | 2001-05-18 | 2002-12-04 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Aluminum forged component and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN103695820A (en) * | 2013-12-28 | 2014-04-02 | 无锡透平叶片有限公司 | Forging and heat treatment process of 7050 aluminum alloy |
| EP3299482A1 (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-28 | Aleris Aluminum Duffel BVBA | High-strength 6xxx-series forging material |
| CN110983216A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-10 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | Process for reducing coarse crystal generation on surface of automotive extrusion forging rod |
| CN111974919A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-11-24 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Forging method for improving anisotropy of 7XXX aluminum alloy forging |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002348630A (en) * | 2001-05-18 | 2002-12-04 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Aluminum forged component and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN103695820A (en) * | 2013-12-28 | 2014-04-02 | 无锡透平叶片有限公司 | Forging and heat treatment process of 7050 aluminum alloy |
| EP3299482A1 (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-28 | Aleris Aluminum Duffel BVBA | High-strength 6xxx-series forging material |
| CN110983216A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-10 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | Process for reducing coarse crystal generation on surface of automotive extrusion forging rod |
| CN111974919A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-11-24 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Forging method for improving anisotropy of 7XXX aluminum alloy forging |
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