CN115593030B - 一种适合纹路细腻的环保皮革 - Google Patents
一种适合纹路细腻的环保皮革 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115593030B CN115593030B CN202110774653.5A CN202110774653A CN115593030B CN 115593030 B CN115593030 B CN 115593030B CN 202110774653 A CN202110774653 A CN 202110774653A CN 115593030 B CN115593030 B CN 115593030B
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- polyurethane
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Abstract
本发明提供一种适合真空吸塑成型的纹路细腻的环保皮革,所述皮革分为三层:基布层、聚烯烃层、聚氨酯涂层;聚氨酯涂层具有长碳链软段结构,并进行辐照交联固化处理。聚烯烃层作为支撑材料是环保材料;聚氨酯涂层具有长碳链软段结构,具有足够的柔软性;聚烯烃与长碳链聚氨酯均有利于在吸塑过程中形成清晰的花纹,在吸塑工艺完成后,采用辐射交联的方式使长碳链聚氨酯和聚烯烃交联固化,赋予皮革花纹良好的保持性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于皮革涂饰技术领域,具体涉及一种适合真空吸塑成型的纹路细腻的环保皮革。
背景技术
随着生活水平的提高,消费市场对皮革制品的需求越来越大。无论是作为鞋、服装、箱包或者其他用途,对皮革制品表面的纹路、图案的精细度和仿真度要求也越来越高。
现有皮革制品表面的纹路、图案,可以采用吸塑成型的方式,这种成型工艺主要是利用真空泵产生的真空吸力将加热软化后的热可塑性塑料片材经过模具吸塑成各种形状,该方法设备投资少、模具加工制造方便,生产效率高。
目前国内合成革生产过程中,大多采用聚氨酯、聚氯乙烯树脂作为皮革制品的基材层和面层的基本原料。聚氯乙烯由于结构中含卤素和增塑剂,环保性差。市场常见的以聚氨酯固化后形成软化点较高的表面层,不易变形,作为涂层的皮革产品,使用吸塑成型后有花纹纹路模糊。所以寻找一种真空吸塑成型的纹路细腻的皮革成为研究的重点。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种适合真空吸塑成型的纹路细腻的环保皮革,包括:基布层、聚烯烃层、聚氨酯层;聚烯烃层层合于基布表面,可以是单层或多层结构,其中至少有一层发泡层。聚氨酯层;层合于所述聚烯烃层背向所述基布的表面,材质为长碳链聚氨酯,长碳链聚氨酯分子软段结构中含有长碳链基团,经辐照交联固化成型。
所述聚氨酯层中的长碳链聚氨酯,是以下组分的反应产物:端羟基长碳链二元醇、二异氰酸酯及其它助剂。
所述端羟基长碳链二元醇包括端基为羟基的二元醇、二元醇聚醚,二元醇聚酯中的一种或几种,其中单个羟基连接的最长碳链长度大于6。
所述其它助剂包括扩链剂、助交联剂、交联促进剂、增稠剂、成膜剂、滑爽剂、润湿剂中的一种或几种。
所述聚烯烃层的单层或多层结构,至少有一层是发泡层,还可以包括不发泡层、粘接层、接枝层中的一种或几种。
采用上述方法生产得到的皮革具有合适制成纹路细腻的特点。
本发明提供的皮革采用三层结构,聚烯烃层作为支撑材料是环保材料;聚氨酯分子中具有长碳链基团,具有足够的柔软性;聚烯烃与长碳链聚氨酯材质均有利于在吸塑过程中形成清晰的花纹,在吸塑工艺完成后,采用辐射交联的方式使聚氨酯涂层和聚烯烃层交联固化,赋予皮革花纹良好的保持性。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的发明目的、技术方案和有益技术效果更加清晰,以下结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。应当理解的是,本说明书中描述的实施例仅仅是为了解释本发明,并非为了限定本发明。
为了简便,本文仅明确地公开了一些数值范围。然而,任意下限可以与任何上限组合形成未明确记载的范围;以及任意下限可以与其它下限组合形成未明确记载的范围,同样任意上限可以与任意其它上限组合形成未明确记载的范围。此外,尽管未明确记载,但是范围端点间的每个点或单个数值都包含在该范围内。因而,每个点或单个数值可以作为自身的下限或上限与任意其它点或单个数值组合或与其它下限或上限组合形成未明确记载的范围。
在本文的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有说明,“以上”、“以下”为包含本数,“一种或多种”中“多种”的含义是两种以上。
本发明的上述发明内容并不意欲描述本发明中的每个公开的实施方式或每种实现方式。如下描述更具体地举例说明示例性实施方式。在整篇申请中的多处,通过一系列实施例提供了指导,这些实施例可以以各种组合形式使用。在各个实施例中,列举仅作为代表性组,不应解释为穷举。
本发明提供一种适合真空吸塑成型的纹路细腻的皮革,包括基布层、聚烯烃层和聚氨酯层。
在一些实施方案中,用于制备长碳链聚氨酯的多异氰酸酯,包括芳族二异氰酸酯,例如4,4′-亚甲基双苯基异氰酸酯(MDI)、间-二甲苯二异氰酸酯(XDI)、苯-1,4-二异氰酸酯、萘-1,5-二异氰酸酯和甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI);以及脂族二异氰酸酯,例如异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、1,4-环己基二异氰酸酯(CHDI)、癸烷-1,10-二异氰酸酯、赖氨酸二异氰酸酯(LDI)、1,4-丁烷二异氰酸酯(BDI)和二环己基甲烷-4,4′-二异氰酸酯(H12MDI)。可使用两种或多种多异氰酸酯的混合物。
在一些实施方案中,用于制备长碳链聚氨酯的端羟基长碳链多元醇是二元醇中的一种或多种,其单个羟基所连接的碳链长度大于6,包括脂肪族二醇或脂环族二醇。例如:1,6-己二醇、2,2,4-三甲基1,6-己二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,12-十八烷二醇、1,3-环己二醇、1,4-二羟甲基环己烷、1,4-环己二醇、1,3-二羟甲基环己烷。
在一些实施方案中,用于制备聚氨酯的端羟基多元醇聚氧烷基醚,是由以单个羟基所连接的碳链长度大于6的二元醇为起始剂,与环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、四氢呋喃中的一种或多种进行加成聚合得到。例如,1,6-己二醇、2,2,4-三甲基1,6-己二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,12-十八烷二醇、1,3-环己二醇、1,4-二羟甲基环己烷、1,4-环己二醇、1,3-二羟甲基环己烷与环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、四氢呋喃的均聚或嵌段共聚加成物。
在一些实施方案中,用于制备长碳链聚氨酯的端羟基多元醇聚酯,其聚合物结构单元中具有长度大于6的碳链,且聚酯端基为羟基。例如:聚己二酸乙二醇酯、聚己内酯、聚庚二酸丙二醇酯、聚十二烷二酸丁二酸酯、聚间苯二甲酸己二醇酯、聚环己烷二甲酸乙二醇酯等。
所述其它助剂包括扩链剂、助交联剂、交联促进剂、增稠剂、成膜剂、滑爽剂、润湿剂中的一种或几种。
在一些实施例中,所述扩链剂,包含了小分子二元醇、二元酸、二元胺中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,聚氨酯层中含有助交联剂,助交联剂中含有多官能度不饱和双键,作为示例可以是三烯丙基异氰酸酯、三聚氰酸三烯丙酯、二乙烯基苯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酯中的一种或几种。
在一些实施例中,聚氨酯层中含有交联促进剂,交联促进剂可以有机锡类、金属氧化物中的一种或多种。
作为示例,有机锡类可以是二丁基锡二月桂酸酯、辛酸亚锡、二(十二烷基硫)二丁基锡中的一种或几种。
作为示例,金属氧化物可以是氧化锌、氧化锆、氧化铝、氧化镁中的一种或几种。
在一些实施方案中,聚氨酯层中含有增稠剂,作为示例可以是缔合聚氨酯型增稠剂。
在一些实施方案中,聚氨酯层中含有成膜剂,作为示例可以是乙二醇、丙二醇、己二醇、十二碳醇酯、乙二醇丁醚、二丙二醇单丁醚、三丙二醇正丁醚、丙二醇苯醚中的一种或几种,在本发明中,成膜剂提高了浆料的涂布和流平性能。
在一些实施方案中,聚氨酯层中含有滑爽剂,所述滑爽剂为有机硅氧烷乳液,优选阴、阳、非离子型有机硅微乳液,可以赋予皮革高度滑爽手感,同时能增强革的防水、防霉、耐湿擦等性能,也可解决发黏问题。
在一些实施方案中,聚氨酯层中含有润湿剂,所述润湿剂为聚氧乙烯醚改性类有机硅,提高水性聚氨酯在基材上的渗透性能。
在一些实施方案中,所述聚烯烃层具有相对较低的熔点和柔软性,因而便于形成纹路清晰的效果。聚烯烃的材质可选自聚乙烯、乙烯与α-烯烃、聚丙烯、丙烯与α-烯烃的共聚物中的一种或多种。
在一些实施方案中,所述聚烯烃层的单层或多层结构,至少有一层是发泡层,还可以包括不发泡层、粘接层、接枝层中的一种或几种。
在一些实施例中,聚烯烃层中包含了发泡层,发泡层中除了聚烯烃,还包含发泡剂。所述的发泡层中发泡剂可为物理发泡剂、化学发泡剂和微球发泡剂,物理发泡剂包括但不限于N2、CO2、戊烷、己烷、三氯三氟乙烷等。化学发泡剂包括但不限于偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)、偶氮二异丁腈、N,N-二亚硝基五次甲基四胺(DPT)、4,4-二磺酰肼二苯醚(OBSH)、对苯磺酰肼等发泡剂。
优选地,发泡剂为ADC发泡剂、OBSH发泡剂和微球发泡剂。
在一些实施例中,聚烯烃层中包含了粘接层,粘接层中除了聚烯烃,还包含增粘树脂。增粘树脂可以增强聚烯烃层与基底层之间的粘合性。增粘树脂的添加量可以根据实际情况进行调整。在一些实施例中,基于100重量份的聚烯烃,聚烯烃层的配料中可包含50份以下的增粘树脂。
增粘树脂的示例可包括松香、松香衍生物(例如树脂酸盐、树脂酸酯、松香胺、松香酸酐、松香醇等)、萜烯树脂(例如α-萜烯树脂、β-萜烯树脂)、萜烯酚醛树脂、C5~C9石油树脂(例如C5石油树脂、C9石油树脂、C5/C9石油树脂等)、二环戊二烯(DCPD)树脂中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,聚烯烃层中包含了接枝改性层,接枝层中除了聚烯烃,还包含了接枝剂,接枝剂用于聚烯烃层化学改性。接枝剂的示例可以是丙烯酸(AA)、马来酸酐(MAH)、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)等丙烯酸单体及丙烯酸钠、丙烯酸锌等丙烯盐单体中的任意一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,聚烯烃层还包含助交联剂。助交联剂能改善聚烯烃层的交联度。助交联剂的添加量可以根据实际情况进行调整。在一些实施例中,基于100重量份的聚烯烃,聚烯烃层的配料中可包含20份以下的助交联剂。
助交联剂的示例可包括二烯丙基胺、二烯丙基硫醚、N,N-二甲基-双丙烯酰胺、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、三烯丙基三聚氰酸脂、三烯丙基异三聚氰酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、四羟甲基甲烷四丙烯酸酯等。
在一些实施例中,聚烯烃层还包含具有碳碳双键的橡胶弹性体。橡胶弹性体具有双键,由此能够改善聚烯烃层的辐射交联效果,使聚烯烃层获得合适的交联度。
含碳碳双键的橡胶弹性体的示例可包括天然橡胶(NR)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SIS)中的一种或多种。
聚烯烃层还可选地包含其它添加剂。其它添加剂例如是抗氧剂、着色剂、填料等。为了进一步改善聚烯烃层的力学性能,在一些实施例中,聚烯烃层可包含碳酸钙、石灰石、白炭黑、滑石粉中的一种以上的填料。
实施例
下述实施例更具体地描述了本发明公开的内容,这些实施例仅仅用于阐述性说明,因为在本发明公开内容的范围内进行各种修改和变化对本领域技术人员来说是明显的。除非另有声明,以下实施例中所报道的所有份、百分比、和比值都是基于重量计,而且实施例中使用的所有试剂都可商购获得或是按照常规方法进行合成获得,并且可直接使用而无需进一步处理,以及实施例中使用的仪器均可商购获得。
用于以下各实施例的聚烯烃选自:
LG化学,R3410,无规聚丙烯;
LG化学,FB3050,低密度聚乙烯LDPE;
LG化学,LC875,乙烯-丁烯共聚物;
乙烯-辛烯共聚物:牌号陶氏化学8411。
用于以下各实施例的异氰酸酯选自:
万华化学,MDI-100,二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯;
陶氏化学,T-80,甲苯二异氰酸酯;
巴斯夫,HI 100AP,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯;
济南威振化工,IPDI,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯;
用于以下各实施例的多元醇选自:
巴斯夫,乙二醇;
巴斯夫,HDO,1,6-己二醇;
用于以下各实施例的多元醇聚醚选自:
陶氏化学,HECB,二乙二醇己醚;
陶氏化学,PEG2000,聚乙二醇;
用于以下各实施例的多元醇聚酯选自:
江苏仁江化工,PCL,聚己内酯;
用于以下各实施例的交联剂选自:
山东豪顺,TAIC,三烯丙基异氰酸酯;
自贡天龙,TAC,三聚氰酸三烯丙酯;
济南汇锦川,DVB,二乙烯基苯;
湖北东曹,TMPTMA,三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯;
用于以下各实施例的交联促进剂选自:
济南海源,DY-12,二丁基锡二月桂酸酯;
南通润丰,YDH-171,乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷;
山东九重化工,MgO,氧化镁;
用于以下各实施例的聚氨酯增稠剂选自:
罗门哈斯,RM-8W C2,聚氨酯增稠剂;
用于以下各实施例的成膜剂选自:
美国伊士曼,TEXANOL醇酯12;
美国杜邦,PDO,1,3-丙二醇;
美国陶氏,PNB,丙二醇丁醚;
用于以下各实施例的润湿剂选自:
上海泰格聚合物高技术,288,有机硅型超级润湿剂;
用于以下各实施例的滑爽剂选自:
东莞市嘉宏有机硅科技有限公司,Goon682,阴离子型硅醇乳液;
用于以下各实施例的发泡剂选自:
AC发泡剂:牌号L-C2潍坊亚星;
本发明还提供一种纹路细腻的皮革的制备方法。包括基布与聚烯烃层的贴合,聚氨酯浆料的制备与涂布、真空吸塑压花和交联固化几个步骤。
基布与聚烯烃层的贴合:将聚烯烃层的原料混合均匀后经挤出机挤出流延到基布的表面,形成聚烯烃层。
实施例1采用聚丙烯层,其中聚丙烯层原料为R3410、AC发泡剂、二烯丙基胺。对比例1中没有聚烯烃层
实施例2、对比例2采用聚乙烯与乙烯-辛烯共聚物共挤层,其中聚乙烯层原料为FB3050、二烯丙基胺、AC发泡剂;乙烯-辛烯共聚物共挤层原料为8411、二烯丙基胺、三元乙丙橡胶。
实施例3、对比例3采用乙烯-丁烯共聚物与聚乙烯共挤层;其中乙烯-丁烯共聚物层原料为LC875、二烯丙基胺、松香;聚乙烯层原料为FB3050、二烯丙基胺、AC发泡剂。
实施例4、对比例4采用乙烯-丁烯共聚物与乙烯-辛烯共聚物共挤层;其中乙烯-丁烯共聚物层原料为LC875、二烯丙基胺、AC发泡剂;乙烯-辛烯共聚物共挤层原料为8411、二烯丙基胺、碳酸钙。
聚氨酯浆料制备步骤可以描述为:(1)在搅拌釜中先将二异氰酸酯与脱水后的二元醇混合进行搅拌,温度40-60℃,搅拌至均匀;然后缓慢升温至120℃继续反应,至反应完全,降温;(2)向搅拌釜中加入扩链剂、其它助剂、溶剂后继续搅拌2h。实施例中浆料的配制按表1进行。
将长碳链聚氨酯涂布到聚烯烃层背向基布的表面,在60℃以下进行干燥,聚烯烃层获得聚氨酯涂层。
干燥完成后采用真空吸塑工艺进行吸塑压花和辐照交联。
辐照交联步骤可以描述为:可采用α射线、β射线、γ射线、X射线、或中子射线来进行辐射交联。采用辐射交联更容易控制交联,且交联过程更环保。辐射交联时,压花后的涂层与辐照装置没有物理接触,但其内部已经发生了交联反应。作为示例,可采用β射线(即高能电子束)进行辐射交联。辐射剂量可选为5KGy~200KGy,10KGy~100KGy,20KGy~80KGy,或50KGy~150KGy等。实施例中辐照的剂量按表1进行。
对得到的皮革样本进行压花外观测试,结果如表2,测试按以下方法如下:
压花外观:在光照良好的条件下进行目测,根据压花的细腻程度按1-5分进行评分。
从实施例的数据可以看出,本发明的聚氨酯涂层可使皮革产品获得较好的压花外观。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到各种等效的修改或替换,这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以权利要求确定的保护范围为准。
表1实施例中各组份重量份
表2实施例测试结果
项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 |
压花纹路 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Claims (3)
1.一种适合真空吸塑成型的纹路细腻的环保皮革,包括:
基布层;
聚烯烃层:层合于基布表面,是单层或多层结构,其中至少有一层发泡层;
聚氨酯层:层合于所述聚烯烃层背向所述基布的表面,材质为长碳链聚氨酯,长碳链聚氨酯分子软段结构中含长碳链基团,经辐照交联固化成型;所述聚氨酯层中的长碳链聚氨酯,是以下组分的反应产物:端羟基长碳链二元醇、二异氰酸酯及其它助剂;所述端羟基长碳链二元醇包括端基为羟基的脂肪族或脂环族二元醇、二元醇聚醚、二元醇聚酯中的一种或几种,其中单个羟基连接的最长碳链长度大于等于6。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纹路细腻的环保皮革,其中所述其它助剂包括扩链剂、助交联剂、交联促进剂、增稠剂、成膜剂、滑爽剂、润湿剂中的一种或几种。
3.根据利要求1所述的纹路细腻的环保皮革,其特征在于,所述聚烯烃层的单层或多层结构,至少有一层是发泡层,还包括不发泡层、粘接层、接枝层中的一种或几种。
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