CN115591753A

CN115591753A - Integrated machine for breaking, removing and sorting cattail seeds of fresh oil tea fruits

Info

Publication number: CN115591753A
Application number: CN202211090448.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 闫锋欣; 李旭; 黄国庆; 张玉; 张李娴; 许克波
Original assignee: Northwest A&F University
Current assignee: Northwest A&F University
Priority date: 2022-09-07
Filing date: 2022-09-07
Publication date: 2023-01-13

Abstract

The invention discloses a fresh oil tea fruit splitting-typha orientalis presl seed sorting all-in-one machine, which comprises a feeding device, a grading device, a collecting hopper, a typha orientalis presl seed sorting device, a conveying belt, a rack and a control box, wherein the feeding device is arranged on the rack; the feeding device is positioned on the right side of the rack, and the grading device is positioned at the top of the rack; the big and small fruit hoppers of the grading device are connected with the extrusion device on the lower side of the grading device, and the collecting hopper is positioned on the lower side of the extrusion device; the collecting hopper is connected with a cattail removing device on the lower side of the collecting hopper; the cattail seed sorting device is positioned at the lower side of the cattail removing device; the conveyer belt is located calamus seed sorting unit downside. The whole machine is high in integration level and simple and convenient to operate, the work of feeding, grading, splitting, removing hulls, sorting cattail seeds and the like of fresh oil tea fruits can be finished through the control box by one key, and equipment guarantee is provided for improving the economic benefit of the oil tea industry.

Description

Integrated machine for breaking, removing and sorting cattail seeds of fresh oil tea fruits

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of pretreatment of fresh oil-tea camellia fruits, and particularly relates to automatic efficient separation equipment for seeds of fresh oil-tea camellia fruits.

Background

A large amount of fresh oil tea fruits need to be treated in a short harvesting period of the oil tea trees. The traditional processing modes such as tedding, retting and the like have the problems of low processing efficiency, high labor intensity of beating and removing the peel and the like, and are difficult to meet the popularization requirements of the technologies of fresh fruit fresh pressing and full fruit utilization. The development of mechanical equipment capable of processing fresh oil tea fruits in real time becomes the key of quality improvement and efficiency improvement of the industry. For example, by carrying out real-time pretreatment on fresh camellia oleifera fruits and obtaining a relatively ideal cattail seed separation effect, relatively complete raw materials of tea cattail and seed hulls can be provided for manufacturing high-value products such as activated carbon, the loss rate of tea seeds in the pretreatment of the fresh camellia oleifera fruits can be actually reduced, and the method is an important way for improving the overall industrial benefit.

The real-time pretreatment of fresh oil tea fruits still faces a plurality of problems. Firstly, the tea cattail of the fresh tea-oil camellia fruit is tightly wrapped outside the tea seeds, and a separation layer is not formed between the tea cattail and the tea seeds of the fresh tea-oil camellia fruit which is not subjected to after-ripening treatment, so that the tea cattail and the tea seeds are difficult to separate during mechanical cattail removal; secondly, the fresh tea seeds have high water content and hard and crisp texture, and high seed crushing rate is easily formed due to improper contact of mechanical parts when the tea seeds are mechanically removed, so that the utilization way and the economic value of the tea seeds are seriously influenced.

Chinese patent 2021114303512 discloses a crushing vibration type camellia oleifera fruit husking and seed extracting device, seeds are extracted by a double crushing and husking mode, husking and seed extracting speed is high, but obtained tea cattail is too fine and fine, and the value of recycling the tea cattail is not high; chinese patent 2021112078204 discloses a tea-oil tree fruit shell breaking extrusion separation device, which realizes high shelling rate and low seed damage rate by grading the diameter of tea-oil tree fruits and adopting cutter cutting, extrusion shelling and vibration separation treatment, but has the defects of complex mechanism, high requirement on uniformity of fruit diameter size, easy stripping of extrusion clamping position, difficult improvement of the whole processing efficiency and large maintenance workload due to the adoption of a shell breaking mode of intermittent motion of an upper cutter disc, a lower cutter disc and a geneva mechanism and push extrusion composite action of an ejector pin. Chinese patent 2022206751945 discloses a device for breaking fresh fruit of camellia oleifera and cattail, which combines the beating and collision friction effects to reduce the damage degree of seeds in the separation of cattail seeds.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an integrated machine for cracking, removing and sorting cattail seeds of fresh oil-tea camellia fruits, which is used for increasing the overall economic benefit of the oil-tea camellia industry by efficiently pretreating the fresh oil-tea camellia fruits.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a fresh oil tea fruit cattail breaking-cattail removing-cattail seed sorting all-in-one machine comprises an extrusion device, a collecting hopper, a cattail removing device and a cattail seed sorting device; the extrusion device comprises a rotatable extrusion roller and a plurality of grid cages which are arranged outside the extrusion roller and provided with side grid bars in different density arrangement, wherein the upper side of each grid cage is provided with a housing, and the lower side of each grid cage is positioned in the collection hopper; the cattail removing device comprises a sealing barrel and a spiral conveying impeller arranged in the sealing barrel, a mixed feeding port and a cattail seed discharging port are formed in the sealing barrel, the mixed feeding port is connected with a collecting hopper, and the cattail seed sorting device is arranged below the cattail seed discharging port.

Preferably, the extrusion roller comprises an extrusion roller shaft and a roller arranged in the grid cage, and a spiral material guide plate and impact rods uniformly distributed at intervals along the spiral direction of the spiral material guide plate are arranged on the side surface of the roller; the rollers in each grid cage are connected with the extrusion roll shaft.

Preferably, the extrusion device further comprises an annular gasket disposed between adjacent grid cages.

Preferably, the number of the grid cages is two, the distance between adjacent side grid bars of one grid cage is 25-28 mm (the side grid bars are sparsely arranged and used as a coarse grid cage), and the width of a gap formed between the grid cage and the extrusion roller is gradually changed from 50mm to 20mm (a wedge-shaped gap is formed); the distance between adjacent side grid bars of the other grid cage is 17-19 mm (the side grid bars are arranged more closely to form a fine grid cage), and the width of a gap formed between the grid cage and the extrusion roller is gradually changed from 40mm to 15mm (a wedge-shaped gap is formed).

Preferably, take off pu device still including setting up the paddle between the adjacent blade of defeated material impeller of spiral.

Preferably, the cattail seed sorting device comprises a plurality of pairs of rollers which can rotate relatively, and the rollers are provided with dentations.

Preferably, the all-in-one machine further comprises a conveying belt arranged on the lower side of the cattail seed sorting device.

Preferably, the all-in-one machine further comprises a grading device, wherein the grading device comprises a grading grid for sorting the fresh oil tea fruits according to the fruit diameters and hoppers for respectively conveying the fresh oil tea fruits with different fruit diameters after being sorted by the grading grid into grid cages with different densities and arrangements of side grid bars.

Preferably, the all-in-one machine further comprises a feeding device, and the feeding device comprises a conveying belt used for conveying fresh oil tea fruits into the grading device in batches.

Preferably, the all-in-one machine further comprises a motor and a transmission system; the transmission system comprises a commutator, and the motor synchronously drives the extrusion roller, the spiral material conveying impeller and the cattail seed sorting device through the commutator.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, grid cages with side grid bars arranged in different densities are matched with the extrusion rollers, so that the fresh oil-tea camellia fruits with different grades can be respectively and independently and rapidly broken according to the fruit diameters of the fresh oil-tea camellia fruits, the uniform and stable extrusion force required for breaking the cattail is provided, the cattail breaking time is shortened, the excessive action of cutting, crushing and long-time repeated extrusion on cattail seeds is avoided, the rapid cattail breaking, cattail removing and cattail seed sorting is realized, and meanwhile, the advantages of high-quality cattail breaking and low-damage seed removing are achieved, so that the treatment efficiency is effectively improved.

Furthermore, wedge-shaped gaps between the grid cage and the extrusion rollers are adopted for extruding and cracking the hulls, and different cracking gaps are adopted for the fresh oil-tea camellia fruits (such as large fruits and small fruits) with different sizes and grades, so that the phenomena of seed crushing and incomplete hull removal in the process of cracking the hulls of the fresh oil-tea camellia fruits are reduced.

Furthermore, the method carries out the peel removal through the beating action of the blades between the adjacent blades of the spiral conveying impeller, so that the seed breaking rate can be reduced, and relatively complete high-quality tea cattail byproducts are obtained.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated machine for cracking fresh oil tea fruits, removing cattail and sorting cattail seeds in the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the classifying device shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the extrusion apparatus shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the squeeze roll shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the housing shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the coarse grid cage shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the fine-grid cage shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the collection hopper shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the cattail removal device shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of the transmission system shown in FIG. 1;

in the figure: 1. the automatic feeding device comprises a feeding device, a grading device, a squeezing device, a collecting hopper, a cattail removing device, a cattail seed sorting device, a conveying belt, a transmission system, a rack, a control box and a main motor, wherein the feeding device comprises 2, the grading device, 3, the squeezing device, 4, the collecting hopper, 5, the cattail seed removing device, 6, the cattail seed sorting device, 7, the conveying belt, 8, the transmission system, 9, the rack, 10, the control box and 11; 21. the fruit tree planting machine comprises a box body, 22 parts of a big fruit hopper, 23 parts of a small fruit hopper, 24 parts of an inner pressing edge, 25 parts of a grading grid, 26 parts of a flange and 27 parts of a mounting through hole; 30. the device comprises an annular gasket, a pressing roller, an upper vertical type bearing with a seat, a lower horizontal type bearing with a seat, a pressing sealing plate, a housing, a cover, a coarse grid cage, a fine grid cage, a multi-groove large belt wheel and an upper fixing lug, wherein the annular gasket is 31, the pressing roller is 32, the upper vertical type bearing with the seat is 33, the upper horizontal type bearing with the seat is 34, the pressing sealing plate is 35, the housing is 36, the coarse grid cage is 37, the fine grid cage is 38, the multi-groove large belt wheel is 39; 311. the device comprises an extrusion roll shaft, 312 large fruit rollers, 313 small fruit rollers, 314 key grooves, 315 spiral material guide plates, 316 impact rods; 351. the edge is covered, 352 is a big fruit feeding port, 353 is a small fruit feeding port, 354 is an outward flanging, 355 is a mounting hole; 361. the hole-dredging grid plate 362 is a big fruit feeding port 363, the long grid bars 364 are hole-dredging support plates 365, and the side of the hole-dredging support plates is connected with the through holes; 371. the dense hole grid plate 372 is a small fruit feeding port 373 is a short grid bar 374 is a dense hole support plate 375, and the dense side is connected with a through hole; 41. a mixed discharge hole, 42 side flanging, 43 fixing holes; 50. a material guide pipe, 51, a flapping main shaft, 52, a lower vertical type bearing with a seat, 53, a lower horizontal bearing with a seat, 54, a cattail-removing sealing plate, 55, a mixed material inlet, 56, a sealing cylinder, 57, a single-groove small belt wheel, 58, a lower fixing lug and 59, a cattail seed discharge hole; 81. speed reducer, 82, commutator.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the fresh camellia oleifera fruit splitting-typha seed separating all-in-one machine comprises a feeding device 1, a grading device 2, an extrusion device 3, a collecting hopper 4, a typha removing device 5, a typha seed separating device 6, a conveying belt 7, a transmission system 8, a rack 9, a control box 10 and a main motor 11. Grading plant 2, extrusion device 3, collecting hopper 4, take off pu device 5, pu

seed sorting unit

6, 7 top-down of conveyer belt install in proper order in frame 9, and transmission system 8 makes this all-in-one can utilize main motor 11's power drive extrusion device 3, take off pu device 5 and pu seed sorting unit 6 and conveyer belt 7 to broken pu, take off pu and pu seed and select separately. The feeding device 1 is positioned at the right side of the frame 9 and comprises a conveyor belt (driven by an auxiliary motor through belt transmission) with baffles arranged at intervals; each baffle upwards inclines from the horizontal plane, can be with the fresh fruit of tea-oil camellia of gathering in batches, incessant promote to grading plant 2 (being located frame 9 top) by loading attachment 1 bottom to through taking place the upset when getting into the conveyer belt return stroke, send the fresh fruit of tea-oil camellia that it bore into grading plant 2. The main motor 11 and the control box 10 are installed on the frame 9, and the control box 10 is connected with the main motor 11 and the auxiliary motor of the feeding device 1 through cables.

Referring to fig. 2, the grading device 2 includes a box 21, a big fruit hopper 22, a small fruit hopper 23 and a grading grid 25. The periphery of the bottom of the box body 21 is provided with an internal pressure edge 24 connected with a big fruit hopper 22 and a small fruit hopper 23; the top of the carriage body 21 is open, flanges 26 are arranged on the periphery of the carriage body, and mounting through holes 27 used for fixing the carriage body 21 on the rack 9 are arranged on the flanges 26; the grading grid 25 is arranged in the carriage body 21 and is positioned above the small fruit hopper 23, the included angle between the grading grid 25 and the horizontal plane of the inner pressing edge 24 is 20-22 degrees (one side of the grading grid 25 is approximately parallel and level with the flange 26, and the other side of the grading grid 25 is approximately parallel and level with the inner pressing edge 24), and the grid bar spacing of the grading grid 25 is 30-32 mm, so that the fresh oil tea fruits fed into the grading device 2 are graded according to the fruit diameter, the fresh oil tea fruits with small fruit diameter pass through the grading grid 25 and fall into the small fruit hopper 23, and the fresh oil tea fruits with large fruit diameter roll to the large fruit hopper 22 along the grading grid 25.

Referring to fig. 3, the pressing device 3 includes a pressing roller 31, an upper horizontal type seated bearing 33, a housing 35, a coarse grid cage 36, a fine grid cage 37, and a multi-groove large pulley 38. Two ends of the extrusion roller 31 are respectively provided with an extrusion seal plate 34 through an upper horizontal type bearing with a seat 33, and the two extrusion seal plates 34 are fixed with the frame 9 through two upper fixing lugs 39 which are symmetrically arranged; the side surface of the housing 35 is sleeved on the upper side of the outside of the extrusion roller 31 and is horizontally fixed on the frame 9, and two end surfaces of the housing 35 are semicircular or mostly semicircular and respectively wrap the outer sides of the upper side edges of the corresponding extrusion seal plates 34; the coarse grid cage 36 and the fine grid cage 37 are coaxially connected and horizontally sleeved outside the squeeze roller 31, the upper sides of the coarse grid cage 36 and the fine grid cage 37 are positioned in a gap between the housing 35 and the squeeze roller 31, the lower sides of the coarse grid cage 36 and the fine grid cage 37 are arranged in the collecting hopper 4, an annular gasket 30 (used for enhancing the connection reliability between the coarse grid cage 36 and the fine grid cage 37 and reducing vibration) is arranged between the end surfaces (inner end surfaces) of the coarse grid cage 36 and the fine grid cage 37 which are butted with each other, and the end surfaces (outer end surfaces) of the coarse grid cage 36 and the fine grid cage 37 which are opposite to the squeeze closing plates 34 are connected to the corresponding squeeze closing plates 34; the left end and the right end of the extrusion roller 31 are also symmetrically provided with upper vertical type belt seat bearings 32 positioned outside the upper horizontal type belt seat bearing 33, and the two upper vertical type belt seat bearings 32 are fixed with the frame 9; a multi-grooved large pulley 38 is installed at the right outermost side of the squeeze roller 31.

Referring to fig. 4, the pressing roll 31 includes a pressing roll shaft 311, and a large-cone roll 312 and a small-cone roll 313 fixed to the pressing roll shaft 311. The opposite side end faces of the big fruit roller 312 and the small fruit roller 313 are tightly attached (the attaching position is fixedly positioned on the annular gasket 30 and is aligned in the axial direction), the left and right ends (the parts positioned on the outer sides of the big fruit roller 312 and the small fruit roller 313) of the squeeze roller shaft 311 are provided with step faces (used for installing the upper vertical type belt seat bearing 32 and the upper horizontal type belt seat bearing 33), and the right end of the squeeze roller shaft 311 is also provided with a key groove 314 (used for fixing the multi-groove big belt wheel 38); spiral material guide plates 315 with approximately same rotation starting points and impact rods 316 with the same distribution form are respectively arranged on the side surfaces of the big fruit roller 312 and the small fruit roller 313, namely, three impact rods 316 with the side surfaces tightly attached to the corresponding side surfaces of the big fruit roller 312 or the small fruit roller 313 are uniformly distributed in each thread pitch of the spiral material guide plates 315 along the circumferential direction. The length of the impact rod 316 is 90-100 mm, the diameter is 10-12 mm, the structural size of the spiral material guide plate 315 is required to meet the requirement of conveying materials, namely, the height of the spiral material guide plate 315 is set according to the top of the spiral material guide plate as close as possible to the coarse grid cage 36 and the fine grid cage 37 (generally, the height is larger than the diameter of the impact rod).

In order to ensure that the classified big and small fresh oil-tea fruits can roll and move forwards along with the rotation of the spiral material guide plate 315 on the big fruit roller 312 and the small fruit roller 313 and are gradually extruded to crack the fruits, the big fruit roller 312 and the small fruit roller 313 are both in a circular truncated cone shape, the width of a wedge-shaped gap formed between the side surface of the big fruit roller 312 and the coarse grid cage 36 (namely the distance from the surface of the big fruit roller 312 to the coarse grid cage 36) is gradually reduced to 20mm (in a linear change) from 50mm, and the width of a wedge-shaped gap formed between the side surface of the small fruit roller 313 and the fine grid cage 37 (namely the distance from the surface of the small fruit roller 313 to the fine grid cage 37) is gradually reduced to 15mm (in a linear change) from 40 mm. In addition, when the impact rod 316 rotates along with the large fruit roller 312 or the small fruit roller 313, impact load is generated on the oil tea fruits stacked between the corresponding roller and the grid cage, so that the oil tea fruits are easier to crack, and the treatment efficiency of the whole machine is improved.

Referring to fig. 5, the housing 35 is a semi-circular tube or a large semi-circular tube, and both ends of the housing are provided with hems 351 to form a semi-circular or large circular end surface for wrapping the edge of the extrusion seal plate 34; a big fruit feeding port 352 and a small fruit feeding port 353 are arranged at the top of the side surface of the casing 35, and the big fruit feeding port 352 and the small fruit feeding port 353 are correspondingly connected with the big fruit hopper 22 and the small fruit hopper 23 of the grading device 2 positioned at the upper side of the extruding device 3; two edges of the side surface of the housing 35 are provided with outward flanges 354, and the outward flanges 354 are provided with frame mounting holes 355.

Referring to fig. 6, the coarse grid cage 36 includes a sparse hole grid 361, a big fruit feeding port 362, long grid bars 363, and a sparse hole support plate 364; a plurality of long grid bars 363 are uniformly distributed on a sparse hole supporting plate 364 along the circumferential direction (so that the long grid bars 363 are supported on the outer side of the large fruit roller 312), and the distance between two adjacent long grid bars 363 in the thick grid cage 36 is 25-28 mm (the distance is convenient for the fresh oil-tea camellia fruits with large fruit diameter to be broken and then discharged into the collecting hopper 4); the left end of each long grid bar 363 is connected with one sparse hole grid plate 361 (outer end plate for short), the right end of each long grid bar 363 is connected with the other sparse hole grid plate 361 (inner end plate for short), sparse side connecting through holes 365 are further arranged on the two sparse hole grid plates 361 along the circumferential direction at uniform intervals, and the sparse side connecting through holes 365 on the outer end plate of the coarse grid cage 36 are used for connecting and fixing the coarse grid cage 36 and one of the extrusion seal plates 34; the big fruit feed inlet 362 (formed by the shortened portion of the long grate 363, which is near the side of the smaller area of the big fruit bowl 312 bottom surface) is opposite to the big fruit feed inlet 352.

Referring to fig. 7, the fine grid cage 37 comprises a dense hole grid 371, a small fruit feeding port 372, short grids 373 and a dense hole support plate 374; a plurality of short grid strips 373 are uniformly distributed on a dense hole support plate 374 along the circumferential direction (so that the short grid strips 373 are supported outside the small fruit roller 313), and the distance between two adjacent short grid strips 373 in the fine grid cage 37 is 17-19 mm (so that the fresh oil-tea camellia fruits with small fruit diameter can be conveniently broken and then discharged into the collecting hopper 4); the right end of each short grid strip 373 is connected with one dense-hole grid plate 371 (outer end plate for short), the left end of each short grid strip 373 is connected with the other dense-hole grid plate 371 (inner end plate for short), dense-side connecting through holes 375 uniformly spaced are further formed in the two dense-hole grid plates 371 along the circumferential direction, and the dense-side connecting through holes 375 in the outer end plate of the fine grid cage 37 are used for connecting and fixing the fine grid cage 37 and the other extrusion sealing plate 34; the small fruit feeding port 372 (formed by a short bar 373 with a truncated part near the side of the bottom surface with smaller area of the small fruit roller 313) is opposite to the small fruit feeding port 353.

The dense-hole grid plate 371 and the sparse-hole grid plate 361 are annular sheet bodies with the same diameter, the dense-side connecting through hole 375 and the sparse-side connecting through hole 365 on the dense-hole grid plate 371 at one end of the fine grid cage 37 and the coarse grid cage 36 which are butted are aligned with each other and the dense-side connecting through hole 375 and the sparse-side connecting through hole 365 on the sparse-hole grid plate 361 (namely respective inner end plates), and the fine grid cage 37 and the coarse grid cage 36 can be connected into a whole through the annular gasket 30 (provided with through holes corresponding to the dense-side connecting through hole 375 and the sparse-side connecting through hole 365) and bolts.

Referring to fig. 8, the bottom of the collecting hopper 4 is closed and provided with a mixing discharge port 41, the top is open, and the two sides of the collecting hopper are provided with side flanges 42, and the side flanges 42 are provided with rack fixing holes 43. The side flanges 42 of the collecting hopper 4 and the flanges 354 of the casing 35 can be overlapped on the frame 9 (the side flanges 42 are positioned at the lower sides of the flanges 354), and the collecting hopper 4 and the casing 35 can be fixed on the frame 9 by bolts after the frame fixing holes 43 and the frame mounting holes 355 are aligned. In order to facilitate the blanking of the fresh camellia oleifera fruits subjected to the pollen cracking in the fine grid cage 37 and the coarse grid cage 36 to the pollen-cracking device 5, the mixed discharge port 41 is positioned on one side of the bottom of the collecting hopper 4.

Referring to fig. 9, the cattail removing device 5 comprises a beating main shaft 51, a cattail removing closing plate 54, a sealing cylinder 56, a single-groove small belt wheel 57 (with a smaller diameter than the multi-groove large belt wheel 38) and a material guiding pipe 50. The left end and the right end of the flapping main shaft 51 are respectively and symmetrically provided with a lower vertical type bearing with a seat 52 positioned at the outer side and a lower horizontal type bearing with a seat 53 positioned at the inner side, and the two lower vertical type bearings with a seat 52 are fixed on the frame 9; two de-cattail closing plates 54 are respectively arranged at two ends of the flapping main shaft 51 through one of the lower horizontal type bearings 53 and are fixed with the frame 9 through two symmetrically arranged lower fixing lugs 58, and a single-groove small belt wheel 57 is arranged at the outermost side of the right end of the flapping main shaft 51; the sealing cylinder 56 is in a tube shell shape, is sleeved outside the flapping main shaft 51 and is horizontally fixed through two cattail shedding sealing plates 54, a mixed feeding port 55 is arranged at the top of the side surface of the sealing cylinder 56, the mixed feeding port 55 is close to the left end of the flapping main shaft 51, the mixed feeding port 55 is connected with a mixed discharging port 41 (opposite to the mixed feeding port 55) of the collecting hopper 4 positioned at the upper side of the cattail shedding device 5, a cattail seed discharging port 59 is arranged at the bottom of the side surface of the sealing cylinder 56, and the cattail seed discharging port 59 is close to the right end of the flapping main shaft 51; the guide pipe 50 is obliquely arranged outside the cattail seed discharge hole 59, so that the cattail seed discharge hole 59 is connected with the cattail seed sorting device 6 below the cattail seed discharge hole 59, splashing is effectively prevented when the cattail seed sorting device 6 discharges materials, and the fresh oil-tea camellia fruits can be effectively sorted after cattail removal.

The flapping main shaft 51 comprises a spiral conveying impeller and blades (uniformly distributed on an impeller shaft of the impeller, for example, at intervals of 120 °) arranged between adjacent blades of the impeller, and the blades are connected with the side surface of the impeller shaft (compared with the chinese patent 2022206751945, an impact rod is omitted, the problem of card bite is avoided, and meanwhile, the flapping effect is ensured); the left end and the right end of the wheel shaft are provided with step surfaces (used for installing the lower vertical type belt seat bearing 52 and the lower horizontal type belt seat bearing 53), and the right end of the wheel shaft is also provided with a key groove (used for fixing the single-groove small belt wheel 57).

The cattail seed sorting device 6 comprises two groups of toothed rollers (namely, rollers with toothed bulges on the surfaces) which are alternately arranged and are arranged on a rack 9, one group of rollers (odd toothed rollers) is driven by chain transmission on the front side of the cattail seed sorting device 6, the other group of rollers (even toothed rollers) is driven by the chain transmission on the rear side of the cattail seed sorting device 6, and a certain gap is reserved between the toothed rollers. Two sets of alternately arranged toothed rollers are paired in pairs (for example, 10 pairs of toothed rollers are included), and each pair of toothed rollers can rotate relatively under the driving of the two-side chain drive. Because tea seed and tea cattail have very big difference (the tea seed appearance is mellow and smooth, and tea cattail is comparatively flat, and has the closed angle) in the appearance size, so when the cattail seed mixture passes through the clearance between arbitrary a pair of fluted roller, tea cattail blocks in this clearance, and continue to bite into the clearance under the relative rotation of two fluted rollers (because have certain clearance between two fluted rollers, so tea cattail is under the relative rotation effect of fluted roller, only can produce certain deformation after being drawn into the clearance, and can not produce cutting action to tea cattail and make its breakage), finally tea cattail falls after breaking away from these two fluted rollers, tea seed then is transported to cattail seed sorting unit 6 lower extreme gradually under the drive of two sets of staggered arrangement's fluted roller, thereby can divide tea seed and tea cattail gradually through the fluted roller of many pairs of continuous arrangements. For better engagement with the guide tube 50, the two sets of toothed rollers may be arranged to be tilted as a whole, with the pair of toothed rollers positioned highest near the guide tube 50.

The conveyer belt 7 is arranged below two groups of alternately arranged gear rollers of the cattail seed sorting device 6 through the frame 9, and the conveyer belt 7 receives falling tea cattails through a belt and outputs the tea cattails along with the downward movement of the conveyer belt 7.

Referring to fig. 10, the transmission system 8 includes a reducer 81 and a commutator 82 (located below and above the main motor 11, respectively) mounted on the frame 9; the high-speed input end of the speed reducer 81 is connected with the main motor 11 through a first V belt, and the low-speed output end of the speed reducer 81 is connected with the conveying belt 7 through a second V belt (specifically, a power input belt wheel of the conveying belt 7 can be connected with the second V belt); the main motor 11 is connected with the cattail seed sorting device 6 through a third V belt and a fourth V belt in sequence at the input end of the commutator 82 (specifically, the fourth V belt is connected with a power input belt wheel of the cattail seed sorting device 6 and the input end of the commutator 82); the output end of the commutator 82 is connected with the multi-groove large belt wheel 38 of the extrusion device 3 through a fifth V belt; the multi-groove large belt wheel 38 of the extrusion device 3 is connected with the single-groove small belt wheel 57 of the peel-off device 5 through a sixth V belt.

The integrated machine is adopted to carry out the processes of cattail breaking, cattail removing and cattail seed sorting pretreatment operation on fresh oil tea fruits as follows:

step 1, turning on a power switch on a control box 10;

step 2, after the feeding device 1 is electrified to operate, the fresh oil tea fruits are conveyed to the grading device 2, the grading grid 25 divides the fresh oil tea fruits into two grades of large and small, and the large and small fresh oil tea fruits respectively fall into a large fruit feeding port 352 and a small fruit feeding port 353 of the extruding device 3 from the large fruit hopper 22 and the small fruit hopper 23;

step 3, the big and small fresh oil tea fruits respectively enter the coarse grid cage 36 and the fine grid cage 37 through the big fruit feeding port 362 and the small fruit feeding port 372, the big and small fresh oil tea fruits respectively extrude and crack in wedge-shaped gaps between the big fruit roller 312 and the coarse grid cage 36 and between the small fruit roller 313 and the fine grid cage 37 under the pushing of the spiral material guide plate 315 along with the rotation of the extrusion roller 31 at a lower speed after being electrified, and further crack expansion and seed removal are generated under the rubbing action of the impact rod 316;

step 4, cracking a mixed material of tea fruits, tea cattails and tea seeds (the material comprises small blocks formed by breaking the cattails and bonding the tea cattails and the tea seeds through whole fruit breaking without influencing the utilization value of the tea seeds and the tea cattails), entering a cattail removing device 5 through a material collecting hopper 4, generating a cattail seed separation effect (completing the cattail) under the beating action of blades in a beating main shaft 51, and gradually conveying the mixed material of the tea cattails and the tea seeds to a cattail seed discharge port 59 under the rotation of a spiral conveying impeller and conveying the mixed material to a cattail seed sorting device 6 through a material guide pipe 50;

step 5, sorting the mixed material of the tea cattail and the tea seeds by the cattail seed sorting device 6, conveying the tea seeds to the tail end of the cattail seed sorting device 6, and conveying and collecting the tea cattail after the tea cattail falls on the conveying belt 7;

and 6, after the pretreatment of the fresh oil tea fruits is finished, closing a power switch of the control box 10 and stopping the machine.

In a word, the whole machine of the integrated machine for cracking, removing and sorting the cattail fruit and the cattail seed of the fresh camellia oleifera fruit can complete the work of feeding, grading, extruding (cracking), removing the cattail seed, sorting the cattail seed and the like in sequence, has high integration level and simple and convenient operation, simplifies the process route of pretreatment of the fresh camellia oleifera fruit, does not need stack retting, airing, and the steps of manually peeling, seed taking and cleaning, provides important reference for the development of real-time and integrated pretreatment equipment of the fresh camellia oleifera fruit in the camellia industry, and is favorable for improving the overall economic benefit of the camellia oleifera industry.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a fresh fruit of tea-oil camellia breaks pu-takes off pu-cattail seed and selects separately all-in-one which characterized in that: the integrated machine comprises an extrusion device (3), a collecting hopper (4), a cattail removing device (5) and a cattail seed sorting device (6); the extrusion device (3) comprises a rotatable extrusion roller (31) and a plurality of grid cages which are arranged outside the extrusion roller (31) and provided with side grid bars in different density arrangement, wherein a housing (35) is arranged on the upper side of each grid cage, and the lower sides of the grid cages are positioned in the aggregate bins (4); the cattail removing device (5) comprises a sealing cylinder (56) and a spiral conveying impeller arranged in the sealing cylinder (56), the sealing cylinder (56) is provided with a mixed feeding port (55) and a cattail seed discharging port (59), the mixed feeding port (55) is connected with the aggregate bin (4), and the cattail seed sorting device (6) is arranged below the cattail seed discharging port (59).

2. The fresh camellia oleifera fruit splitting-de-splitting-typha seed sorting all-in-one machine is characterized in that: the extrusion roller (31) comprises an extrusion roller shaft (311) and a roller arranged in a grid cage, wherein a spiral material guide plate (315) and impact rods (316) which are uniformly distributed at intervals along the spiral direction of the spiral material guide plate (315) are arranged on the side surface of the roller; the rollers in each grid cage are connected with an extrusion roller shaft (311).

3. The fresh camellia oleifera fruit splitting-de-splitting-typha seed sorting all-in-one machine is characterized in that: the extrusion device (3) further comprises an annular gasket (30) arranged between adjacent grid cages.

4. The integrated machine for cracking, de-cattail and sorting the fresh camellia oleifera fruits according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the distance between adjacent side grid bars of one grid cage is 25-28 mm, and the width of a gap formed between the grid cage and the extrusion roller (31) is gradually changed from 50mm to 20mm; the distance between the grid bars at the adjacent sides of the other grid cage is 17-19 mm, and the width of the gap formed between the grid cage and the extrusion roller (31) is gradually changed from 40mm to 15mm.

5. The fresh camellia oleifera fruit splitting-de-splitting-typha seed sorting all-in-one machine is characterized in that: the cattail removing device (5) also comprises a paddle arranged between adjacent blades of the spiral conveying impeller.

6. The fresh camellia oleifera fruit splitting-de-splitting-typha seed sorting all-in-one machine is characterized in that: the cattail seed sorting device (6) comprises a plurality of pairs of rollers which can rotate relatively, and the rollers are provided with dentate bulges.

7. The fresh camellia oleifera fruit splitting-de-splitting-typha seed sorting all-in-one machine is characterized in that: the all-in-one machine further comprises a conveying belt (7) arranged on the lower side of the cattail seed sorting device (6).

8. The fresh camellia oleifera fruit splitting-de-splitting-typha seed sorting all-in-one machine is characterized in that: the all-in-one machine further comprises a grading device (2), wherein the grading device (2) comprises a grading grid (25) for sorting the fresh oil tea fruits according to the fruit diameters and hoppers for respectively conveying the fresh oil tea fruits with different fruit diameters after being sorted by the grading grid (25) to grid cages with different densities of side grid bars.

9. The integrated machine for cracking, de-cattail and sorting the fresh camellia oleifera fruits according to claim 8 is characterized in that: the all-in-one machine further comprises a feeding device (1), wherein the feeding device (1) comprises a conveying belt used for conveying fresh oil tea fruits into the grading device (2) in batches.

10. The fresh camellia oleifera fruit splitting-de-splitting-typha seed sorting all-in-one machine is characterized in that: the all-in-one machine also comprises a motor and a transmission system; the transmission system comprises a commutator (82), and the motor synchronously drives the squeeze roller (31), the spiral conveying impeller and the cattail seed sorting device (6) through the commutator (82).