CN115584980A - Construction method for excavation and support of large-gradient inclined shaft small-section long tunnel - Google Patents
Construction method for excavation and support of large-gradient inclined shaft small-section long tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN115584980A CN115584980A CN202211335086.4A CN202211335086A CN115584980A CN 115584980 A CN115584980 A CN 115584980A CN 202211335086 A CN202211335086 A CN 202211335086A CN 115584980 A CN115584980 A CN 115584980A
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a construction method for excavating and supporting a small-section long tunnel of a large-gradient inclined shaft, which comprises the steps of excavating the inclined shaft, wherein a winching bucket channel is arranged on one side in the inclined shaft, and a slag facing pit groove is formed in one end, close to a hole of the inclined shaft, of the winching bucket channel; a tunnel top at the intersection of the inclined shaft and the tunnel main tunnel to be excavated is excavated to form an anchor spraying material conveying channel, and a spiral conveyor is arranged in the anchor spraying material conveying channel; setting out and designing an excavation contour line and a blast hole arrangement position; explosive is filled in the tunnel face to be detonated, and the exploded dangerous stones are transported to a slag field through a winch bucket channel; carrying out the over-under-excavation inspection on the tunnel face, and simultaneously lofting the mounting position of the temporary supporting structure; selecting a tunnel surrounding rock primary support structure according to the surrounding rock condition in the tunnel main tunnel and constructing the tunnel surrounding rock primary support structure; and carrying out concrete spraying operation on the tunnel face. The invention also relieves the transportation pressure of the winch-lift ore bucket channel by independently arranging the anchor spraying material conveying channel, ensures the supply of construction materials and ensures the transportation operation surface of the inclined shaft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel excavation construction, in particular to a construction method for excavation support of a large-gradient inclined shaft small-section long tunnel.
Background
In tunnel excavation construction, the traditional construction method for excavating and supporting the small-section long tunnel in the large-gradient inclined shaft mainly adopts an assembled rack as an excavation supporting platform and adopts a winch-lift bucket combined with a forklift to finish material transfer and multiple manual feeding and concrete spraying.
However, the tunnel face is always continuously tunneled, and the tunnel face is also gradually exposed to the problem that the tunnel excavation supporting progress safety is affected due to the fact that the material transfer is lagged because the material transfer channel is single in the excavation supporting process of the large-gradient inclined shaft small-section long tunnel, the inclined shaft is narrow in the operation face caused by the fact that too many transport channels are arranged in the inclined shaft, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a construction method for excavating and supporting a small-section long tunnel of a large-gradient inclined shaft, which aims to solve the problems that the safety of the tunnel excavating and supporting progress is influenced by the fact that the material transfer lag is caused by the fact that a material transport channel is single and the inclined shaft transport operation surface is narrow due to the fact that too many transport channels are arranged in the inclined shaft along with the continuous excavation of a tunnel face in the related technology.
The invention provides a construction method for excavating and supporting a small-section long tunnel of a large-gradient inclined shaft, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, excavating an inclined shaft, wherein a winch-lift ore bucket channel is arranged on one side in the inclined shaft, and a slag adjacent pit groove is formed in one end, close to a hole of the inclined shaft, of the winch-lift ore bucket channel;
s2, excavating an anchor spraying material conveying channel at the intersection of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel to be excavated, wherein a spiral conveyor is arranged in the anchor spraying material conveying channel;
s3, measuring and lofting the main tunnel to be excavated, and designing an excavation contour line and a blast hole arrangement position through lofting;
s4, explosive charging is conducted on the tunnel face, and the exploded dangerous stones are transported to a slag field through a winch bucket channel;
s5, carrying out overbreak and underbreak inspection on the tunnel face, and simultaneously lofting the mounting position of the temporary supporting structure;
s6, selecting a tunnel surrounding rock primary support structure according to the surrounding rock condition in the tunnel main tunnel and constructing the tunnel surrounding rock primary support structure;
and S7, spraying the concrete on the tunnel face by adopting the spray anchor material.
Optionally, one side in the inclined shaft is provided with a winch bucket channel, including:
and a vehicle passage is also arranged in the inclined shaft, the vehicle passage is close to the winch-lifting ore bucket channel, and one end of the winch-lifting ore bucket channel, which is close to the inclined shaft, is at least 10CM lower than the vehicle passage.
Optionally, after the step of performing measurement lofting on the main tunnel to be excavated, and designing an excavation contour line and a blast hole arrangement position by lofting, the method further includes:
staggered lanes are arranged in the tunnel main hole at intervals.
Optionally, the charging and initiating of the face comprises:
and after the blasting of the face is finished, adopting spray anchor material to seal the crack of the face.
Optionally, the performing concrete spraying operation on the tunnel face by using the shotcrete material includes:
the anchor spraying material is conveyed to an automatic feeding machine through an anchor spraying material conveying channel and conveyed to a wet spraying machine through the automatic feeding machine, and the wet spraying machine is used for spraying concrete on the tunnel face.
Optionally, the method of using the shotcrete material to perform shotcrete operation on the tunnel face further includes:
s8, cleaning the base surface of the tunnel main tunnel, and pouring cushion concrete.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention is used for rapidly discharging the waste slag generated in the tunnel main tunnel by arranging the winch-lift ore bucket channel in the inclined shaft, and simultaneously relieves the transportation pressure of the winch-lift ore bucket channel by independently arranging the anchor material spraying and conveying channel, ensures the supply of construction materials and ensures the transportation operation surface of the inclined shaft.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the construction organization of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an inclined shaft near one end of a hole in the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of one end of the inclined shaft close to the intersection in the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. The functional units with the same reference numerals in the examples of the present invention have the same and similar structures and functions.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the invention provides a construction method for excavating and supporting a small-section long tunnel of a large-gradient inclined shaft, which comprises the following steps:
s1, excavating an inclined shaft, wherein a winching bucket channel is arranged on one side in the inclined shaft, and a slag facing pit groove is formed in one end, close to a hole of the inclined shaft, of the winching bucket channel;
s2, excavating an anchor spraying material conveying channel on a tunnel top at the intersection position of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel to be excavated, wherein a spiral conveyor is arranged in the anchor spraying material conveying channel;
s3, measuring and lofting the main tunnel to be excavated, and designing an excavation contour line and a blast hole arrangement position through lofting;
s4, explosive is filled in the tunnel face to be detonated, and the detonated dangerous stones are transported to a slag field through a winch bucket channel;
s5, carrying out the over-under-excavation inspection on the tunnel face, and simultaneously lofting the mounting position of the temporary supporting structure;
s6, selecting a tunnel surrounding rock primary support structure according to the surrounding rock condition in the tunnel main tunnel and constructing the tunnel surrounding rock primary support structure;
and S7, spraying the concrete on the tunnel face by adopting an anchor spraying material.
In the embodiment, specifically, a 23.4 ° and 130m long inclined shaft is arranged for the tunnel, a twisted ore bucket channel for conveying a slag pile in the tunnel is arranged in the inclined shaft, one end of the inclined shaft, which is close to the intersection, is set to be a clearance (width × height) 8m6mC gate-shaped section, the other end of the inclined shaft is set to be a clearance (width × height) 5mC gate-shaped section, a water pipe, a drain pipe, an air pipe and a pedestrian channel are further arranged in the inclined shaft, a phi 600mm spray anchor material conveying channel is excavated at the intersection of the inclined shaft and the tunnel main tunnel, a screw conveyor is arranged in the inclined shaft, the spray anchor material is used for reinforcing a subsequent crawler-type tunnel face, drilling and other work are carried out in the tunnel main tunnel through an excavation trolley, because slag soil generated by drilling work is conveyed to a slag pit close to the entrance of the inclined shaft through the twisted ore bucket channel, and slag soil in the slag pit groove is timely transferred to a slag field through a forklift to avoid accumulation; then, measuring and lofting the tunnel main tunnel, designing an excavation contour line and a blast hole arrangement position by lofting, charging and detonating a face in the tunnel main tunnel, cleaning dangerous stones on the face after blasting the face, and sealing the face by primary spraying concrete; slag is discharged from the tunnel face by combining a slag raking machine with a small-sized agricultural vehicle, and the slag soil is transported to the intersection position of the inclined shaft and the tunnel main tunnel through the small-sized agricultural vehicle, dumped into a winch bucket and transported out of the tunnel through the winch bucket; 1 slag raking machine and 2 small agricultural vehicles are arranged on the left side and the right side of a tunnel main tunnel, construction progress of tunnel face surfaces on the two sides is guaranteed by adjusting construction sequence, after excavation is finished, a temporary supporting structure is lofted, a tunnel surrounding rock primary supporting structure is selected according to surrounding rock conditions in the tunnel main tunnel, the temporary supporting structure is used as an operation platform after reinforcement and support, spray anchor materials in a spray anchor material conveying channel are conveyed into the small agricultural vehicles and conveyed to a wet spraying machine through an automatic feeding machine, and then concrete spraying operation is finished; and meanwhile, the winching bucket conveying tunnel is started to convey the supporting materials into the tunnel, so that the next circulating material supply of the tunnel main tunnel is ensured.
The invention is used for rapidly discharging the waste slag generated in the tunnel main tunnel by arranging the winch-lift ore bucket channel in the inclined shaft, and simultaneously relieves the transportation pressure of the winch-lift ore bucket channel by independently arranging the anchor material spraying and conveying channel, ensures the supply of construction materials and ensures the transportation operation surface of the inclined shaft.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, optionally, a winch-up bucket channel is provided at one side in the slant well, and includes:
and a vehicle passage is also arranged in the inclined shaft, the vehicle passage is close to the winch-lifting ore bucket channel, and one end of the winch-lifting ore bucket channel, which is close to the inclined shaft, is at least 10CM lower than the vehicle passage.
In this embodiment, a winching bucket channel is arranged in the inclined shaft at least at a position 10CM lower than the vehicle passage way to ensure that the small-sized agricultural vehicle dumps the ballast, and the size of the winching bucket channel can be 5m × 2.5m × 1.7m (length × width × height).
Optionally, the step of performing lofting on the main tunnel to be excavated, wherein after designing the excavation contour line and the arrangement position of the blastholes by lofting, the method further includes:
staggered lanes are arranged in the tunnel main hole at intervals.
In this embodiment, staggered lanes may be arranged in the main tunnel according to the designed length of the tunnel, staggered lanes may be arranged in the tunnel at intervals of 150m, so as to meet the requirement of temporary storage and staggered vehicle use of construction machinery in the tunnel, and the staggered lanes are preferably arranged at a position where the surrounding rock condition is better.
Optionally, the priming of the face comprises:
and after the blasting of the face is finished, adopting the spray anchor material to seal the cracks of the face.
In the embodiment, after the blasting of the face is completed, 3CM of concrete is sprayed to the cracks of the face, so that a system with the combined action of the concrete spraying layer and the surrounding rock is formed, the rock mass is prevented from loosening and separating, the surrounding rock with a certain thickness is converted into a self-supporting arch, and the surrounding rock is effectively stabilized.
Optionally, the performing concrete spraying operation on the tunnel face by using the shotcrete material includes:
the anchor spraying material is conveyed to an automatic feeding machine through an anchor spraying material conveying channel and conveyed to a wet spraying machine through the automatic feeding machine, and the wet spraying machine is used for spraying concrete on the tunnel face.
In this embodiment, adopt and spout anchor material transfer passage transportation and spout anchor material, improved the efficiency of transportation and construction, adopt automatic feeding machine to avoid the safe risk of many artifical material loadings again for construction safety obtains controlling better.
Optionally, the method of using the shotcrete material to perform shotcrete operation on the tunnel face further includes:
and S8, cleaning the base surface of the tunnel main tunnel, and pouring cushion concrete.
In this embodiment, the base surface cleaning is completed before the cushion concrete pouring, and the cushion concrete pouring is performed, so that the primary support is closed into a ring in time.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A construction method for excavating and supporting a large-gradient inclined shaft small-section long tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, excavating an inclined shaft, wherein a winching bucket channel is arranged on one side in the inclined shaft, and a slag facing pit groove is formed in one end, close to a hole of the inclined shaft, of the winching bucket channel;
s2, excavating an anchor spraying material conveying channel at the intersection of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel to be excavated, wherein a spiral conveyor is arranged in the anchor spraying material conveying channel;
s3, measuring and lofting the main tunnel to be excavated, and designing an excavation contour line and a blast hole arrangement position through lofting;
s4, explosive charging is conducted on the tunnel face, and the exploded dangerous stones are transported to a slag field through a winch bucket channel;
s5, carrying out the over-under-excavation inspection on the tunnel face, and simultaneously lofting the mounting position of the temporary supporting structure;
s6, selecting a tunnel surrounding rock primary support structure according to the surrounding rock condition in the tunnel main tunnel and constructing the tunnel surrounding rock primary support structure;
and S7, spraying the concrete on the tunnel face by adopting an anchor spraying material.
2. The construction method for excavating and supporting the small-section long tunnel of the large-gradient inclined shaft according to claim 1, wherein a cutter-lift bucket channel is arranged at one side in the inclined shaft, and the construction method comprises the following steps:
and a vehicle passage is also arranged in the inclined shaft, the vehicle passage is close to the winch-lifting ore bucket channel, and one end of the winch-lifting ore bucket channel, which is close to the inclined shaft, is at least 10CM lower than the vehicle passage.
3. The construction method for excavating and supporting the small-section long tunnel of the large-gradient inclined shaft according to claim 1, wherein the step of measuring and lofting the tunnel main tunnel to be excavated, and after designing an excavation contour line and a blast hole arrangement position by lofting, further comprises the steps of:
staggered lanes are arranged in the tunnel main hole at intervals.
4. The construction method for excavating and supporting a large-gradient inclined shaft small-section long tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the step of priming the tunnel face comprises the following steps:
and after the blasting of the face is finished, adopting the spray anchor material to seal the cracks of the face.
5. The construction method for excavating and supporting the large-gradient inclined shaft small-section long tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing shotcrete operation on the tunnel face by using shotcrete comprises the following steps:
the anchor spraying material is conveyed to an automatic feeding machine through an anchor spraying material conveying channel and conveyed to a wet spraying machine through the automatic feeding machine, and the wet spraying machine is used for spraying concrete on the tunnel face.
6. The construction method for excavating and supporting the large-gradient inclined shaft small-section long tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the working face is subjected to concrete spraying operation by using an anchor material, and the construction method further comprises the following steps:
s8, cleaning the base surface of the tunnel main tunnel, and pouring cushion concrete.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211335086.4A CN115584980A (en) | 2022-10-28 | 2022-10-28 | Construction method for excavation and support of large-gradient inclined shaft small-section long tunnel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211335086.4A CN115584980A (en) | 2022-10-28 | 2022-10-28 | Construction method for excavation and support of large-gradient inclined shaft small-section long tunnel |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115584980A true CN115584980A (en) | 2023-01-10 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211335086.4A Pending CN115584980A (en) | 2022-10-28 | 2022-10-28 | Construction method for excavation and support of large-gradient inclined shaft small-section long tunnel |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115584980A (en) |
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- 2022-10-28 CN CN202211335086.4A patent/CN115584980A/en active Pending
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