CN115584586A - 一种热塑性纤维混纺纱纬纱定型纤维帘子布制备方法 - Google Patents

一种热塑性纤维混纺纱纬纱定型纤维帘子布制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115584586A
CN115584586A CN202211383623.2A CN202211383623A CN115584586A CN 115584586 A CN115584586 A CN 115584586A CN 202211383623 A CN202211383623 A CN 202211383623A CN 115584586 A CN115584586 A CN 115584586A
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cord fabric
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包建文
钟翔屿
张尧州
李伟东
张连旺
李晔
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AVIC Beijing Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明涉及高性能纤维增强复合材料技术领域，特别是涉及一种热塑性纤维混纺纱纬纱定型纤维帘子布制备方法。通过将低熔点的有机纤维与高熔点的高性能纤维混纺合股并加捻，形成混纺纬纱，在帘子布织造过程中，以碳纤维等高性能纤维作为经纱，混纺纱作为纬纱，机织高性能纤维帘子布织物，然后通过热辊热轧使低熔点纤维熔融使经向碳纤维和纬向高熔点纤维粘接在一起，形成性能高性能纤维帘子布。可防止经向碳纤维和纬向纤维之间发生滑移，防止在帘子布织造过程中展开的经向纤维纱回缩，保持经纱处于稳定的展开状态。在帘子布使用过程中，确保在复合材料中起承载作用的经纱处于准直状态，且在下料裁切工艺中不会松散，保持其完整性。

Description

一种热塑性纤维混纺纱纬纱定型纤维帘子布制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及高性能纤维增强复合材料技术领域，特别是涉及一种热塑性纤维混纺纱纬纱定型纤维帘子布制备方法。
背景技术
高性能纤维单向帘子布是先进树脂基复合材料的一种重要的增强织物，可应用于预浸料热压成型树脂基复合材料和液体成型树脂基复合材料等，它既有增强织物的良好操作性，也具有单向复合材料优异的力学性能。单向帘子布的组织通常为平纹结构，纬纱的比例通常为5％以下。帘子布虽无纤维弯曲，复合材料力学性能好，但不能沿经向裁剪，裁剪后单向帘子布容易处于松散状态。专利号为201110221755.0的中国专利公开了，采用具有粘性的玻璃纤维浸胶作为帘子布(单向布)纬纱，使帘子布在织造过程中碳纤维经纱和纬纱通过粘性树脂固定在一起，防止或减小了碳纤维经纱和纬纱相互滑移，从而保证了碳纤维布的品质稳定。专利号为201010545310.3的中国专利公开了，通过完成织造后进行加热定型处理减少经纬纱之间的滑移和已展开经纱的回缩。专利号为201910399979.7的中国专利公开了，通过将展纤辊设置为棱形结构并施以一定的频率振动，实现对经纱的展宽、展薄和展平效果。因此，通过技术手段将经纱展开并保持展开状态，并防止经纬纱之间的滑移，对提高纤维帘子布的稳定性和均匀性有重要意义，并最终有利于提高复合材料的力学性能和力学性能稳定性。
发明内容
(1)要解决的技术问题
本发明实施例提供了一种方法及装置，解决了经向碳纤维和纬向纤维之间发生滑移，纤维帘子布的稳定性和均匀性不够的技术问题。
(2)技术方案
本发明的实施例提出了一种热塑性纤维混纺纱纬纱定型纤维帘子布制备方法，包括步骤：将不同熔点的多种纤维混纺加捻制备混纺纱；将混纺纱作为纬纱，碳纤维或玻璃纤维作为经纱，通过织机织造为平纹组织的帘子布；完成机织织造的帘子布输送到热压单元，通过加热加压使混纺纬纱中的低熔点纤维熔融，使混纺纬纱中的高熔点纤维与连续经纱粘接在一起；完成熔融粘接的帘子布冷却收卷待用。
进一步地，所述低熔点纤维和所述高熔点纤维之间的熔点差值≥50℃。
进一步地，所述高熔点纤维为碳纤维、E玻璃纤维、S玻璃纤维、石英纤维、玄武岩纤维、高硅氧纤维、PBO纤维、芳纶纤维、涤纶纤维和聚酰亚胺纤维中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述低熔点纤维的熔点范围为80℃～280℃。
进一步地，所述低熔点纤维为聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚氯乙烯纤维、聚氨酯纤维、尼龙12纤维、尼龙10纤维、尼龙6纤维、尼龙66纤维、涤纶纤维中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述低熔点纤维的质量百分比为10％～90％。
进一步地，所述混纺纱的捻度为1捻/米～10捻/米。
进一步地，所述帘子布中混纺纱的质量含量为1％～10％。
进一步地，所述热压单元的热压工艺温度为100℃～300℃。
(3)有益效果
综上，本发明通过将低熔点的有机纤维与高熔点的高性能纤维混纺合股并加捻，形成混纺纬纱，在帘子布织造过程中，以碳纤维等高性能纤维作为经纱，混纺纱作为纬纱，机织高性能纤维帘子布织物，然后通过热辊热轧使低熔点纤维熔融使经向碳纤维和纬向高熔点纤维粘接在一起，形成性能高性能纤维帘子布。可防止经向碳纤维和纬向纤维之间发生滑移，防止在帘子布织造过程中展开的经向纤维纱回缩，保持经纱处于稳定的展开状态。在帘子布使用过程中，确保在复合材料中起承载作用的经纱处于准直状态，且在下料裁切工艺中不会松散，保持其完整性。有利于提高纤维帘子布的稳定性和均匀性，并最终有利于提高复合材料的力学性能和力学性能稳定性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述用于示例性地说明本发明的原理，但不能用来限制本发明的范围，即本发明不限于所描述的实施例，在不脱离本发明的精神的前提下覆盖了任何显而易见的修改、替换和改进。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参照实施例来详细说明本申请。
本发明的实施例提出了一种热塑性纤维混纺纱纬纱定型纤维帘子布制备方法，将低熔点的有机纤维与高熔点的高性能纤维混纺合股并加捻，形成混纺纬纱。在帘子布织造过程中，以碳纤维等高性能纤维作为经纱，混纺纱作为纬纱，机织高性能纤维帘子布织物，然后通过热辊热轧使低熔点纤维熔融使经向碳纤维和纬向高熔点纤维粘接在一起，形成性能高性能纤维帘子布。具体制备工艺步骤如下：
将不同熔点的两种纤维合股并加捻制备具有一定捻度的混纺纱，所述低熔点纤维的质量百分比为10％～90％，所述混纺纱的捻度为1捻/米～10捻/米。
将混纺纱作为纬纱，碳纤维或玻璃纤维作为经纱，通过织机织造为平纹组织的帘子布，所述帘子布中混纺纱的质量含量为1％～10％。
完成机织织造的帘子布输送到热压单元，所述热压单元的热压工艺温度为100℃～300℃，通过加热加压使混纺纬纱中的低熔点纤维熔融，使混纺纬纱中的高熔点纤维与连续经纱粘接在一起。
完成熔融粘接的帘子布冷却收卷待用。
所述制备的热塑性纤维混纺纱纬纱定型高性能纤维帘子布，可防止经向碳纤维和纬向纤维之间发生滑移，可提高纤维帘子布的稳定性和均匀性。热塑性纤维混纺纱纬纱定型高性能纤维帘子布可应用于高性能液体成型复合材料的增强材料和热压成型复合材料预浸料的增强材料。
在一些实施例中，所述混纺纱由两种或两种以上的纤维组成，不同纤维之间的熔点差值≥50℃，能获得良好的制作效果。
在一些实施例中，所述高熔点纤维为碳纤维、E玻璃纤维、S玻璃纤维、石英纤维、玄武岩纤维、高硅氧纤维、PBO纤维、芳纶纤维、涤纶纤维和聚酰亚胺纤维中的一种或多种，具有高熔点和高性能。
在一些实施例中，所述低熔点纤维的熔点范围为80℃～280℃，最佳熔点范围为120℃～240℃。
在一些实施例中，所述低熔点纤维为聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚氯乙烯纤维、聚氨酯纤维、尼龙12纤维、尼龙10纤维、尼龙6纤维、尼龙66纤维、涤纶纤维等有机纤维中的一种或多种，具有低熔点。
实施例1：
将50tex的PA-6纤维与50tex的E玻璃纤维合股加捻，形成捻度为2捻/米的PA6-EG混纺纱，以PA6-EG混纺纱为纬纱，CCF800H碳纤维为经纱，织造为面密度194g/m2的帘子布，纬向E玻璃纤维的质量含量为2％，热压粘合温度为250℃。以此帘子布作为液体成型复合材料增强材料，制备其环氧树脂基复合材料，其0°拉伸强度为2350MPa。以此帘子布制备高温环氧树脂预浸料，热压罐成型复合材料的拉伸强度2730MPa。
实施例2：
将50tex的PA-12纤维与50tex的HS-6玻璃纤维合股加捻，形成捻度为1捻/米的PA-12-HS-6混纺纱，以PA-12-HS-6混纺纱为纬纱，ZT7H碳纤维为经纱，织造为面密度145g/m2的帘子布，纬向HS-6玻璃纤维的质量含量为3％，热压粘合温度为210℃。以此帘子布作为液体成型复合材料增强材料，制备其双马树脂基复合材料，其拉伸强度为1950MPa。
实施例3：
将35tex的PA-12纤维与30tex的kevlar纤维合股加捻，形成捻度为2捻/米的PA-12-kevlar混纺纱，以PA-12-kevlar混纺纱为纬纱，CCF300H碳纤维为经纱，织造为面密度160g/m2的帘子布，纬向kevlar纤维的质量含量为1.5％，热压粘合温度为200℃。以此帘子布作为液体成型复合材料增强材料，制备其中温固化环氧树脂基复合材料，其拉伸强度为1650MPa。
实施例4：
将50tex的PA-66纤维与30tex的聚酰亚胺纤维合股加捻，形成捻度为2捻/米的PA-66-PI混纺纱，以PA-66-PI混纺纱为纬纱，CCF800G碳纤维为经纱，织造为面密度160g/m2的帘子布，纬向PI纤维的质量含量为1％，热压粘合温度为280℃。以此帘子布制备高温固化环氧树脂预浸料，其热压罐成型复合材料的拉伸强度2910MPa。
本发明通过将低熔点的有机纤维与高熔点的高性能纤维混纺合股并加捻，形成混纺纬纱，在帘子布织造过程中，以碳纤维等高性能纤维作为经纱，混纺纱作为纬纱，机织高性能纤维帘子布织物，然后通过热辊热轧使低熔点纤维熔融使经向碳纤维和纬向高熔点纤维粘接在一起，形成性能高性能纤维帘子布。可防止经向碳纤维和纬向纤维之间发生滑移，防止在帘子布织造过程中展开的经向纤维纱回缩，保持经纱处于稳定的展开状态。在帘子布使用过程中，确保在复合材料中起承载作用的经纱处于准直状态，且在下料裁切工艺中不会松散，保持其完整性。有利于提高纤维帘子布的稳定性和均匀性，并最终有利于提高复合材料的力学性能和力学性能稳定性。
需要明确的是，本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述，各个实施例之间相同或相似的部分互相参见即可，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处。本发明并不局限于上文所描述的特定步骤。并且，为了简明起见，这里省略对已知方法技术的详细描述。
以上所述仅为本申请的实施例而已，并不限制于本申请。在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下对于本领域技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原理之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的权利要求范围内。

Claims (9)

1.一种热塑性纤维混纺纱纬纱定型纤维帘子布制备方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：
将不同熔点的多种纤维混纺加捻制备混纺纱；
将混纺纱作为纬纱，碳纤维或玻璃纤维作为经纱，通过织机织造为平纹组织的帘子布；
完成机织织造的帘子布输送到热压单元，通过加热加压使混纺纬纱中的低熔点纤维熔融，使混纺纬纱中的高熔点纤维与连续经纱粘接在一起；
完成熔融粘接的帘子布冷却收卷待用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种热塑性纤维混纺纱纬纱定型纤维帘子布制备方法，其特征在于，所述低熔点纤维和所述高熔点纤维之间的熔点差值≥50℃。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种热塑性纤维混纺纱纬纱定型纤维帘子布制备方法，其特征在于，所述高熔点纤维为碳纤维、E玻璃纤维、S玻璃纤维、石英纤维、玄武岩纤维、高硅氧纤维、PBO纤维、芳纶纤维、涤纶纤维和聚酰亚胺纤维中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种热塑性纤维混纺纱纬纱定型纤维帘子布制备方法，其特征在于，所述低熔点纤维的熔点范围为80℃～280℃。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种热塑性纤维混纺纱纬纱定型纤维帘子布制备方法，其特征在于，所述低熔点纤维为聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚氯乙烯纤维、聚氨酯纤维、尼龙12纤维、尼龙10纤维、尼龙6纤维、尼龙66纤维、涤纶纤维中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种热塑性纤维混纺纱纬纱定型纤维帘子布制备方法，其特征在于，所述低熔点纤维的质量百分比为10％～90％。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种热塑性纤维混纺纱纬纱定型纤维帘子布制备方法，其特征在于，所述混纺纱的捻度为1捻/米～10捻/米。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种热塑性纤维混纺纱纬纱定型纤维帘子布制备方法，其特征在于，所述帘子布中混纺纱的质量含量为1％～10％。
9.根据权利要求1～8任一项所述的一种热塑性纤维混纺纱纬纱定型纤维帘子布制备方法，其特征在于，所述热压单元的热压工艺温度为100℃～300℃。
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