CN115572187A - Microbial compound fertilizer and method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by using same - Google Patents
Microbial compound fertilizer and method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN115572187A CN115572187A CN202211043670.2A CN202211043670A CN115572187A CN 115572187 A CN115572187 A CN 115572187A CN 202211043670 A CN202211043670 A CN 202211043670A CN 115572187 A CN115572187 A CN 115572187A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C1/00—Ammonium nitrate fertilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a microbial compound fertilizer and a method for remedying heavy metal contaminated soil by using the same, wherein the microbial compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of potassium fulvate, 20-30 parts of activated lignite, 5-10 parts of microbial agent, 1-5 parts of medium trace elements and 1-5 parts of complex enzyme. The repairing method comprises the following steps: ploughing and loosening the polluted soil; planting castor in the plowed and loosened soil, and applying microbial fertilizer; after the castor-oil plant fruits are harvested, the whole castor-oil plant is removed, plowed and loosened, and microbial fertilizer is applied again; planting Jujun grass in the soil after plowing and loosening the soil, and removing after growing for 5 months; and detecting the content of the heavy metal, and continuously planting until the content of the heavy metal reaches the environmental safety standard. According to the invention, the microbial fertilizer is combined with the castor-oil plant and the wheat for use, the castor-oil plant and the wheat are alternately planted, the soil is not idle, the remediation speed is high, and the heavy metal adsorption effect is obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a microbial compound fertilizer and a method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil by using the same.
Background
The soil heavy metal pollutants mainly comprise mercury, cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, arsenic, nickel, iron, manganese, zinc, arsenic and the like, the heavy metals have poor mobility in soil and long retention time, are difficult to degrade by plants and microorganisms, are easy to accumulate at usable parts of crops and then are transferred to people through food chains, and the accumulated heavy metals seriously harm human health to a certain extent. The existing methods for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil include physical repair, chemical repair, phytoremediation and the like, and the commonly used physical and chemical repair includes soil leaching, electrokinetic repair, chemical solidification and the like, for example, lime, apatite, zeolite and the like are added, and the existing form of heavy metal ions in the soil is changed through the adsorption or coprecipitation effect of the heavy metal ions, so that the biological effectiveness and the mobility of the heavy metal ions are reduced. The phytoremediation is that a specific plant is planted on the soil polluted by heavy metal, the plant has special absorption and enrichment capacity on the pollution elements in the soil, and the heavy metal can be moved out of the soil after the plant is harvested and properly treated, so that the purposes of pollution treatment and ecological remediation are achieved. However, the physical chemistry or plant restoration method for improving the heavy metal contaminated soil has the disadvantages of inconvenient operation, slow effect and the like, and the soil restoration cost is high.
The Chinese patent application with the publication number CN101928179B discloses a slow release fertilizer with soil remediation efficacy, which is prepared by mixing completely biodegradable poly-light alkyl acid ester with organic and inorganic nutrients, and by utilizing the slow degradation of biodegradable poly-light alkyl acid vinegar under the action of soil microorganisms, on one hand, nutrient substances required by the growth of the soil microorganisms can be provided, the ionization of the soil microorganisms to heavy metals is promoted, and on the other hand, the organic and inorganic nutrients are released through slow degradation, so that the continuous and rapid growth of plants is promoted, and the soil remediation efficiency is improved. The invention also discloses a soil pollution remediation method by using the slow release fertilizer, plants with super-enrichment capacity are planted in the soil applied with the slow release fertilizer to absorb and extract heavy metals, and the high-efficiency, environment-friendly and continuous remediation of the heavy metal polluted soil is realized. Although the slow release fertilizer provided by the patent provides nutrient substances required by soil microorganism growth, the adsorption effect of the soil microorganism on heavy metals is not obvious.
The Chinese patent application with publication number CN113617830A discloses an ecological restoration method for multi-type land soil, which belongs to the technical field of soil restoration and comprises the following restoration steps: s1: loosening soil; s2: soil detection: detecting the soil pH value at the place with the depth of 15cm after ploughing, and respectively detecting the heavy metal element content and the organic matter content at the place; s3: adjusting the pH value of the soil to be within the range of 6.5-7.5; s4: planting green plants: after the pH value of the soil is adjusted, planting green plants in the area, adding microbial fertilizer in the green plant planting area, watering and fertilizing the green plants regularly, and recording the heavy metal content and the organic matter content of the soil in the area regularly. The ecological restoration method for the multiple types of soil adopts a mode of combining microbial fertilizer and planting green plants to carry out ecological restoration on the soil, does not generate secondary pollution, can improve the ecological environment, can be suitable for restoration of the soil with multiple pollution types and multiple soil types, and is suitable for large-area popularization and application. Although a new microbial agent is added in the patent, the microbial agent is mainly used for reducing the content of heavy metal Cd and organic pollutants, and has no obvious effect on the content of other heavy metals.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to provide a microbial compound fertilizer and a method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil by using the same.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a microbial compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of potassium fulvate, 20-30 parts of activated lignite, 5-10 parts of microbial agent, 1-5 parts of medium trace elements and 1-5 parts of complex enzyme.
Preferably, the preparation method of the activated lignite comprises the following steps: mixing the plant straw powder and the lignite according to the weight ratio of 2-6 to 1, adding water until the water content is 40-50%, retting for 20-30 days, drying and crushing to obtain the composite material.
Preferably, the plant straw powder is any one or more of soybean straw powder, corn straw powder, wheat straw powder and sorghum straw powder.
Preferably, the microbial agent is prepared from azotobacter, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, rhodopseudomonas palustris and trichoderma hamatum according to the weight ratio of 1:1-2:1-2:0.5-1: 1.5-3.
Preferably, the medium trace element is one or more of magnesium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, calcium ammonium nitrate and borax.
Preferably, the complex enzyme is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of protease, 0.5-1 part of phytase, 1-3 parts of pectinase, 5-10 parts of cellulase and 1-3 parts of xylanase.
Preferably, the preparation method of the microbial compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
adding 1-3% of molasses water solution and complex enzyme into microbial agent, adjusting water content to 15-25%, fermenting at 20-25 deg.C for 2-5 days, mixing the obtained fermented mixture with potassium fulvate and activated lignite uniformly, keeping at 20-25 deg.C for 1-3 days, adding medium trace elements, and mixing uniformly.
A method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil by using a microbial compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Ploughing and loosening the polluted soil;
(2) Planting castor-oil plants in the soil after plowing and loosening the soil, and applying the microbial fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 2-5g/m 2 ；
(3) After the fruits of the castor-oil plants are harvested, the whole castor-oil plants are removed, plowed and loosened, the microbial fertilizer is applied again, and the fertilizing amount is 1-3g/m 2 ；
(4) Planting the Jujun grass in the soil after plowing and loosening the soil, and removing the Jujun grass after growing for 5 months;
(5) And (5) detecting the content of the heavy metal, and repeating the steps (1) to (4) until the content of the heavy metal reaches the environmental safety standard.
Preferably, the castor-oil plant planting mode is seedling planting, 4 months of planting and 9 months of harvesting every year; the Jujun grass reaping mode is as follows: harvesting once every 90-100cm of the plant grows, wherein the harvesting point is 5-7cm above the growing point, and removing the Jujun grass after 5 months of growth.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: drying the castor-oil plant and the Jujun grass which absorb the heavy metals in the sun, crushing the dried castor-oil plant and the Jujun grass into powder, performing high-temperature carbonization treatment, then performing acid washing, then washing the powder to be neutral by deionized water, and separating and recycling carbonized substances and the solution containing the heavy metals.
The invention has the following positive beneficial effects:
1. the potassium fulvate and the activated lignite are used in a combined manner, so that the content of organic matters is high, sufficient nutrition is provided for crops, medium trace elements provide necessary trace elements for the crops, the activated lignite is rich in humic acid, the physicochemical property of soil is improved, heavy metal elements in the soil are activated, and the adsorption of heavy metals is promoted; according to the invention, the microbial agent is added, the complex enzyme protects microorganisms in a peracid and over-alkali environment, the microorganism metabolism is promoted, organic acid, saccharides and trace elements are generated in the microbial agent metabolism process, nutrient components are provided for crops, and the complex enzyme and the microorganisms act together, so that the soil structure can be loosened, and the soil hardening condition can be relieved. In addition, the microbial fertilizer is combined with castor-oil plants and wheat for use, the castor-oil plants and the wheat are alternately planted, the soil is not idle, the remediation speed is high, the castor-oil plants and the Jujun grasses have a strong enrichment effect on heavy metals, the microbial fertilizer promotes the adsorption of the heavy metals and the growth of crops, the heavy metal adsorption effect is remarkable, the adaptability of the castor-oil plants and the Jujun grasses to the growth environment is strong, the microbial fertilizer is suitable for large-area planting, the microbial fertilizer is used as non-edible plant remediation soil, pollutants are effectively prevented from entering a food chain again, and secondary pollution is avoided.
2. According to the invention, the castor-oil plant and the Jujun grass which adsorb heavy metals are dried, crushed into powder, subjected to high-temperature carbonization treatment and acid washing, washed to be neutral by deionized water, and separated from the solution containing the heavy metals, so that the carbonized substances and the solution containing the heavy metals are recycled, and the maximum resource utilization is ensured.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to some specific embodiments.
Example 1
A microbial compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of potassium fulvate, 20 parts of activated lignite, 5 parts of microbial agent, 3 parts of medium trace elements and 1 part of complex enzyme.
Further, the preparation method of the activated lignite comprises the following steps: mixing the plant straw powder and the lignite according to the weight ratio of 5 to 1, adding water until the water content is 40%, retting for 30 days, drying and crushing to obtain the brown coal water-saving agent.
Further, the plant straw powder is soybean straw powder.
Further, the microbial agent is prepared from azotobacter, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, rhodopseudomonas palustris and trichoderma hamatum according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1:1:2, mixing the components.
Further, the medium trace elements comprise magnesium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, calcium ammonium nitrate and borax in a weight ratio of 1.
Further, the complex enzyme is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of protease, 0.5 part of phytase, 2 parts of pectinase, 5 parts of cellulase and 1 part of xylanase.
Further, the preparation method of the microbial compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
adding 1% of molasses water solution and complex enzyme into the microbial agent, adjusting the water content to 20%, fermenting at 23 deg.C for 3 days, uniformly mixing the obtained fermented mixture with potassium fulvate and activated lignite, continuously maintaining at 23 deg.C for 1 day, adding medium trace elements, and uniformly mixing again to obtain the final product.
The method for restoring the heavy metal contaminated soil by using the microbial compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Ploughing and loosening the polluted soil, wherein the ploughing depth is not less than 25cm;
(2) Planting castor in the soil after plowing and loosening the soil, and applying microbial fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 5g/m 2 ；
(3) After harvesting castor-oil plant fruits, removing the whole castor-oil plant, plowing to loosen the soil, plowing to a depth of not less than 25cm, and applying microbial fertilizer again, wherein the fertilizing amount is 2g/m 2 ；
(4) Planting the Jujun grass in the soil after plowing and loosening the soil, and removing the Jujun grass after growing for 5 months;
(5) And (5) detecting the content of the heavy metal, and repeating the steps (1) to (4) until the content of the heavy metal reaches the environmental safety standard.
Further, the castor-oil plant planting mode is seedling planting, 4 months of planting and 9 months of harvesting every year.
Further, the megatherium harvesting mode is as follows: harvesting once every 90-100cm of the plant grows, wherein the harvesting point is 5-7cm above the growing point, and removing the Jujun grass after 5 months of growth.
Example 2
A microbial compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of potassium fulvate, 21 parts of activated lignite, 6 parts of microbial agent, 1 part of medium trace element and 2 parts of complex enzyme.
Further, the preparation method of the activated lignite comprises the following steps: mixing the plant straw powder and the lignite according to the weight ratio of 3 to 1, adding water until the water content is 50%, retting for 25 days, drying and crushing to obtain the brown coal organic fertilizer.
Further, the plant straw powder is corn straw powder.
Further, the microbial agent is prepared from azotobacter, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, rhodopseudomonas palustris and trichoderma hamatum according to the weight ratio of 1:2:1:1:3, mixing the components.
Further, the medium trace elements are magnesium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, calcium ammonium nitrate and borax in a weight ratio of 1.
Further, the complex enzyme is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts of protease, 2 parts of phytase, 3 parts of pectinase, 8 parts of cellulase and 2 parts of xylanase.
Further, the preparation method of the microbial compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
adding molasses water solution with mass concentration of 3% and complex enzyme into microbial agent, adjusting water content to 15%, fermenting at 20 deg.C for 5 days, mixing the obtained fermented mixture with potassium fulvate and activated lignite, maintaining at 20 deg.C for 2 days, adding medium trace elements, and mixing again.
The method for restoring the heavy metal contaminated soil by using the microbial compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Ploughing and loosening the polluted soil, wherein the ploughing depth is not less than 25cm;
(2) Planting castor in the soil after plowing and loosening, and applying microbial fertilizer with the fertilizer application amount of 3g/m 2 ；
(3) After the fruits of the castor-oil plants are harvested, the whole castor-oil plants are removed, plowed and loosened, the plowing depth is not less than 25cm, and microbial fertilizer is applied again, wherein the fertilizing amount is 2g/m 2 ；
(4) Planting the Jujun grass in the plowed and loosened soil, and removing the Jujun grass after growing for 5 months;
(5) Detecting the content of heavy metals, and repeating the steps (1) - (4) until the content of the heavy metals reaches the environmental safety standard;
(6) Drying the castor-oil plant and the Jujun grass which absorb the heavy metals in the sun, crushing the dried castor-oil plant and the Jujun grass into powder, performing high-temperature carbonization treatment, then performing acid washing, then washing the powder to be neutral by deionized water, and separating and recycling carbonized substances and the solution containing the heavy metals.
Further, the castor-oil plant planting mode is seedling planting, 4 months of planting and 9 months of harvesting every year.
Further, the megatherium harvesting mode is as follows: harvesting once every 90-100cm of the plant grows, wherein the harvesting point is 5-7cm above the growing point, and removing the Jujun grass after 5 months of growth.
Example 3
A microbial compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13 parts of potassium fulvate, 24 parts of activated lignite, 7 parts of microbial agent, 2 parts of medium trace element and 3 parts of complex enzyme.
Further, the preparation method of the activated lignite comprises the following steps: mixing the plant straw powder and the lignite according to the weight ratio of 3 to 1, adding water until the water content is 50%, retting for 30 days, drying and crushing to obtain the brown coal organic fertilizer.
Further, the plant straw powder is wheat straw powder.
Further, the microbial agent is prepared from azotobacter, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, rhodopseudomonas palustris and trichoderma hamatum according to the weight ratio of 1:1:2:0.5:2, mixing the components.
Further, the medium trace elements are magnesium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, calcium ammonium nitrate and borax in a weight ratio of 1.
Further, the compound enzyme is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts of protease, 1 part of phytase, 2 parts of pectinase, 7 parts of cellulase and 2 parts of xylanase.
Further, the preparation method of the microbial compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
adding molasses water solution with mass concentration of 2% and complex enzyme into microbial agent, adjusting water content to 20%, fermenting at 23 deg.C for 4 days, mixing the obtained fermented mixture with potassium fulvate and activated lignite, maintaining at 23 deg.C for 2 days, adding medium trace elements, and mixing again.
The method for restoring the heavy metal contaminated soil by using the microbial compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Ploughing and loosening the polluted soil, wherein the ploughing depth is not less than 25cm;
(2) Planting castor in the soil after plowing and loosening, and applying microbial fertilizer with the fertilizer application amount of 5g/m 2 ；
(3) After the fruits of the castor-oil plants are harvested, the whole castor-oil plants are removed, plowed and loosened, the plowing depth is not less than 25cm, and microbial fertilizer is applied again, wherein the fertilizing amount is 3g/m 2 ；
(4) Planting the Jujun grass in the soil after plowing and loosening the soil, and removing the Jujun grass after growing for 5 months;
(5) Detecting the content of heavy metals, and repeating the steps (1) to (4) until the content of the heavy metals reaches the environmental safety standard;
(6) Drying the castor-oil plant and the Jujun grass which absorb the heavy metals in the sun, crushing the dried castor-oil plant and the Jujun grass into powder, performing high-temperature carbonization treatment, then performing acid washing, then washing the powder to be neutral by deionized water, and separating and recycling carbonized substances and the solution containing the heavy metals.
Further, the castor-oil plant planting mode is seedling planting, 4 months of planting and 9 months of harvesting every year.
Further, the Jujun grass reaping mode is as follows: harvesting once every 90-100cm of the plant grows, wherein the harvesting point is 5-7cm above the growing point, and removing the Jujun grass after 5 months of growth.
Example 4
A microbial compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of potassium fulvate, 27 parts of activated lignite, 9 parts of microbial agent, 5 parts of medium trace elements and 3 parts of complex enzyme.
Further, the preparation method of the activated lignite comprises the following steps: mixing plant straw powder and lignite according to a weight ratio of 4 to 1, adding water until the water content is 40%, retting for 20 days, drying and crushing to obtain the brown coal water-saving agent.
Further, the plant straw powder is sorghum straw powder.
Further, the microbial agent is prepared from azotobacter, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, rhodopseudomonas palustris and trichoderma hamatum according to the weight ratio of 1:2:2:1:3, and mixing.
Further, the medium trace elements are magnesium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, calcium ammonium nitrate and borax in a weight ratio of 1.
Further, the compound enzyme is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of protease, 0.5 part of phytase, 1 part of pectinase, 6 parts of cellulase and 3 parts of xylanase.
Further, the preparation method of the microbial compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
adding 2% of molasses water solution and complex enzyme into the microbial agent, adjusting the water content to 20%, fermenting at 25 deg.C for 2 days, mixing the obtained fermented mixture with potassium fulvate and activated lignite uniformly, keeping at 25 deg.C for 2 days, adding medium trace elements, and mixing uniformly.
The method for restoring the heavy metal contaminated soil by using the microbial compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Ploughing and loosening the polluted soil, wherein the ploughing depth is not less than 25cm;
(2) Planting castor in the soil after plowing and loosening, and applying microbial fertilizer with the fertilizer application amount of 4g/m 2 ；
(3) After the castor fruits are harvested, the whole castor is removed, and plowing and loosening the soil are carried outThe plowing depth is not less than 25cm, and microbial fertilizer is applied again, the fertilizing amount is 1g/m 2 ；
(4) Planting the Jujun grass in the plowed and loosened soil, and removing the Jujun grass after growing for 5 months;
(5) Detecting the content of heavy metals, and repeating the steps (1) to (4) until the content of the heavy metals reaches the environmental safety standard;
(6) Drying the castor-oil plant and the Jujun grass which absorb the heavy metals in the sun, crushing the dried castor-oil plant and the Jujun grass into powder, performing high-temperature carbonization treatment, then performing acid washing, then washing the powder to be neutral by deionized water, and separating and recycling carbonized substances and the solution containing the heavy metals.
Further, the castor-oil plant planting mode is seedling planting, 4 months of planting and 9 months of harvesting every year.
Further, the Jujun grass reaping mode is as follows: harvesting once every 90-100cm of the plant grows, wherein the harvesting point is 5-7cm above the growing point, and removing the Jujun grass after 5 months of growth.
Example 5
A microbial compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14 parts of potassium fulvate, 28 parts of activated lignite, 10 parts of microbial agent, 3 parts of medium trace elements and 5 parts of complex enzyme.
Further, the preparation method of the activated lignite comprises the following steps: mixing the plant straw powder and the lignite according to the weight ratio of 2 to 1, adding water until the water content is 40%, retting for 25 days, drying and crushing to obtain the brown coal additive.
Further, the plant straw powder is wheat straw powder.
Further, the microbial agent is prepared from azotobacter, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, rhodopseudomonas palustris and trichoderma hamatum according to the weight ratio of 1:1:2:1:2, mixing the components.
Further, the medium trace elements are magnesium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, calcium ammonium nitrate and borax in a weight ratio of 1.
Further, the compound enzyme is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of protease, 1 part of phytase, 2 parts of pectinase, 9 parts of cellulase and 2 parts of xylanase.
Further, the preparation method of the microbial compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
adding molasses water solution with the mass concentration of 3% and complex enzyme into the microbial agent, adjusting the water content to be 15%, fermenting for 3 days at 21 ℃, uniformly mixing the obtained fermentation mixture with potassium fulvate and activated lignite, continuously keeping for 3 days at 21 ℃, adding medium trace elements, and uniformly mixing again to obtain the finished product.
The method for restoring the heavy metal contaminated soil by using the microbial compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Ploughing and loosening the polluted soil, wherein the ploughing depth is not less than 25cm;
(2) Planting castor in the soil after plowing and loosening the soil, and applying microbial fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 2g/m 2 ；
(3) After the fruits of the castor-oil plants are harvested, the whole castor-oil plants are removed, plowed and loosened, the plowing depth is not less than 25cm, and microbial fertilizer is applied again, wherein the fertilizing amount is 2g/m 2 ；
(4) Planting the Jujun grass in the plowed and loosened soil, and removing the Jujun grass after growing for 5 months;
(5) Detecting the content of heavy metals, and repeating the steps (1) to (4) until the content of the heavy metals reaches the environmental safety standard;
(6) Drying the castor-oil plant and the Jujun grass which absorb the heavy metals in the sun, crushing the dried castor-oil plant and the Jujun grass into powder, performing high-temperature carbonization treatment, then performing acid washing, then washing the powder to be neutral by deionized water, and separating and recycling carbonized substances and the solution containing the heavy metals.
Further, the castor-oil plant planting mode is seedling planting, 4 months of planting and 9 months of harvesting every year.
Further, the Jujun grass reaping mode is as follows: harvesting once every 90-100cm of the plant grows, wherein the harvesting point is 5-7cm above the growing point, and removing the Jujun grass after 5 months of growth.
Example 6
A microbial compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of potassium fulvate, 30 parts of activated lignite, 8 parts of microbial agent, 5 parts of medium trace elements and 4 parts of complex enzyme.
Further, the preparation method of the activated lignite comprises the following steps: mixing the plant straw powder and the lignite according to the weight ratio of 6 to 1, adding water until the water content is 50%, retting for 30 days, drying and crushing to obtain the brown coal water-saving agent.
Further, the plant straw powder is corn straw powder.
Further, the microbial agent is prepared from azotobacter, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, rhodopseudomonas palustris and trichoderma hamatum according to the weight ratio of 1:2:1:0.5:3, and mixing.
Further, the medium trace elements are magnesium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, calcium ammonium nitrate and borax in a weight ratio of 1.
Further, the complex enzyme is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of protease, 0.8 part of phytase, 2 parts of pectinase, 10 parts of cellulase and 3 parts of xylanase.
Further, the preparation method of the microbial compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
adding molasses water solution with mass concentration of 2% and complex enzyme into microbial agent, adjusting water content to 25%, fermenting at 23 deg.C for 5 days, mixing the obtained fermented mixture with potassium fulvate and activated lignite, maintaining at 23 deg.C for 1 day, adding medium trace elements, and mixing again.
The method for restoring the heavy metal contaminated soil by using the microbial compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Ploughing and loosening the polluted soil, wherein the ploughing depth is not less than 25cm;
(2) Planting castor in the soil after plowing and loosening the soil, and applying microbial fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 3g/m 2 ；
(3) After the fruits of the castor-oil plants are harvested, the whole castor-oil plants are removed, plowed and loosened, the plowing depth is not less than 25cm, and microbial fertilizer is applied again, wherein the fertilizing amount is 2g/m 2 ；
(4) Planting the Jujun grass in the soil after plowing and loosening the soil, and removing the Jujun grass after growing for 5 months;
(5) Detecting the content of heavy metals, and repeating the steps (1) to (4) until the content of the heavy metals reaches the environmental safety standard;
(6) Drying the castor-oil plant and the Jujun grass which absorb the heavy metals in the sun, crushing the dried castor-oil plant and the Jujun grass into powder, performing high-temperature carbonization treatment, then performing acid washing, then washing the powder to be neutral by deionized water, and separating and recycling carbonized substances and the solution containing the heavy metals.
Further, the castor-oil plant planting mode is seedling planting, 4 months of planting and 9 months of harvesting every year.
Further, the Jujun grass reaping mode is as follows: harvesting once every 90-100cm of the plant grows, wherein the harvesting point is 5-7cm above the growing point, and removing the Jujun grass after 5 months of growth.
Comparative example 1
This example is substantially the same as example 3, and the same points are not repeated, except that:
a method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
(1) Ploughing and loosening the polluted soil, wherein the ploughing depth is not less than 25cm;
(2) Planting castor in the plowed and loosened soil, and applying a commercial nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 5g/m 2 ；
(3) After the fruits of the castor-oil plants are harvested, the whole castor-oil plants are removed, plowed and loosened, the plowing depth is not less than 25cm, and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer sold in the market is applied again, wherein the fertilizing amount is 3g/m 2 ；
(4) Planting the Jujun grass in the soil after plowing and loosening the soil, and removing the Jujun grass after growing for 5 months;
(5) Detecting the content of heavy metals, and repeating the steps (1) - (4) until the content of the heavy metals reaches the environmental safety standard;
(6) Drying the castor-oil plant and the Jujun grass which absorb the heavy metals in the sun, crushing the dried castor-oil plant and the Jujun grass into powder, performing high-temperature carbonization treatment, then performing acid washing, then washing the powder to be neutral by deionized water, and separating and recycling carbonized substances and the solution containing the heavy metals.
Comparative example 2
This example is substantially the same as example 3, and the same points are not repeated, except that:
a method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil by using a microbial compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Ploughing and loosening the polluted soil, wherein the ploughing depth is not less than 25cm;
(2) Planting castor in the soil after plowing and loosening the soil, and applying microbial fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 5g/m 2 ；
(3) After the castor fruits are harvested, removing the whole castor, detecting the heavy metal content, and repeating the steps (1) to (2) until the heavy metal content reaches the environmental safety standard;
(4) Drying the castor bean adsorbed with the heavy metal, crushing the castor bean into powder, performing high-temperature carbonization treatment, then performing acid washing, washing the castor bean with deionized water to be neutral, and separating and recycling carbonized substances and solution containing the heavy metal.
The method of the invention in examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-2 is used to repair the heavy metal contaminated soil in the area for 1 year, and the results of the pH value and the final content (mg/kg) of the heavy metal in the soil are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 test results of examples 1 to 6 of the present invention for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil with microbial compound fertilizer
As can be seen from Table 1, after the microbial compound fertilizer, the castor-oil plant and the Jujun grass are combined to restore the heavy metal contaminated soil for 1 year, the content of Cd, pb, as, cu and Zn is obviously reduced, the restoring speed is high, and the environmental quality secondary standard of inorganic pollutants in the soil environmental quality Standard (GB 15618-2008) is reached, so that the effect of the microbial compound fertilizer, the castor-oil plant and the Jujun grass on the combined restoration of the heavy metal contaminated soil is good.
When comparative example 1 is employed, a commercially available NPK compound fertilizer (N: P) is used 2 O 5 ：K 2 O =17:6:20, total nutrient is more than or equal to 40 percent) to replace the microbial compound fertilizer, and the content of Cd and As does not reach the standard after 1 year; comparative example 2 Using the Micrograph of the present inventionThe biological compound fertilizer and castor oil plants are used for treating heavy metal contaminated soil, and the contents of Cd, pb and As of heavy metals do not reach the standard after 1 year, so that the heavy metal contaminated soil needs to be continuously repaired.
Finally, the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by the technical solutions of the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The microbial compound fertilizer is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of potassium fulvate, 20-30 parts of activated lignite, 5-10 parts of microbial agent, 1-5 parts of medium trace elements and 1-5 parts of complex enzyme.
2. The microbial compound fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the activated lignite is prepared by a method comprising: mixing the plant straw powder and the lignite according to the weight ratio of 2-6 to 1, adding water until the water content is 40-50%, retting for 20-30 days, drying and crushing to obtain the brown coal.
3. The microbial compound fertilizer of claim 2, wherein the plant straw powder is any one or more of soybean straw powder, corn straw powder, wheat straw powder and sorghum straw powder.
4. The microbial compound fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the microbial agent is prepared from azotobacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, rhodopseudomonas palustris and trichoderma hamiltonii in a weight ratio of 1:1-2:1-2:0.5-1: 1.5-3.
5. The microbial compound fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the medium trace element is one or more of magnesium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, calcium ammonium nitrate and borax.
6. The microbial compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound enzyme is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of protease, 0.5-1 part of phytase, 1-3 parts of pectinase, 5-10 parts of cellulase and 1-3 parts of xylanase.
7. The microbial compound fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the microbial compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
adding 1-3% of molasses water solution and complex enzyme into microbial agent, adjusting water content to 15-25%, fermenting at 20-25 deg.C for 2-5 days, mixing the obtained fermented mixture with potassium fulvate and activated lignite, maintaining at 20-25 deg.C for 1-3 days, adding medium trace elements, and mixing.
8. The method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil by using the microbial compound fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Ploughing and loosening the polluted soil;
(2) Planting castor in the plowed and loosened soil, and applying the microbial fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 2-5g/m 2 ；
(3) After the fruits of the castor-oil plants are harvested, the whole castor-oil plants are removed, plowed and loosened, the microbial fertilizer is applied again, and the fertilizing amount is 1-3g/m 2 ；
(4) Planting the Jujun grass in the soil after plowing and loosening the soil, and removing the Jujun grass after growing for 5 months;
(5) And (5) detecting the content of the heavy metal, and repeating the steps (1) to (4) until the content of the heavy metal reaches the environmental safety standard.
9. The method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil by using the microbial compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 8, wherein the castor-oil plant planting mode is seedling planting, 4 months planting per year and 9 months harvesting; the Jujun grass reaping mode is as follows: harvesting once every 90-100cm of the plant grows, wherein the harvesting point is 5-7cm above the growing point, and removing the Jujun grass after 5 months of growth.
10. The method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil using the microbial compound fertilizer as set forth in claim 8 or 9, further comprising: drying the castor-oil plant and the Jujun grass which absorb the heavy metals in the sun, crushing the dried castor-oil plant and the Jujun grass into powder, performing high-temperature carbonization treatment, then performing acid washing, then washing the powder to be neutral by deionized water, and separating and recycling carbonized substances and the solution containing the heavy metals.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103586270A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-02-19 | 中国科学院红壤生态实验站 | Method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil |
| CN105170618A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-23 | 河南行知专利服务有限公司 | Method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil through cooperation of activating agents and plants |
| CN105170621A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-23 | 河南行知专利服务有限公司 | Method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil through activating agent and microorganism reinforced plants |
| CN110564425A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-13 | 赵龙 | heavy metal contaminated soil remediation agent and preparation method and use method thereof |
| CN112058883A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-12-11 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Heavy metal pollution farmland phytoremediation treatment method |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103586270A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-02-19 | 中国科学院红壤生态实验站 | Method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil |
| CN105170618A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-23 | 河南行知专利服务有限公司 | Method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil through cooperation of activating agents and plants |
| CN105170621A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-23 | 河南行知专利服务有限公司 | Method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil through activating agent and microorganism reinforced plants |
| CN110564425A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-13 | 赵龙 | heavy metal contaminated soil remediation agent and preparation method and use method thereof |
| CN112058883A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-12-11 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Heavy metal pollution farmland phytoremediation treatment method |
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