CN115557950A - 一种应用在乳酸腐蚀体系中的季铵盐缓蚀剂 - Google Patents
一种应用在乳酸腐蚀体系中的季铵盐缓蚀剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种在乳酸腐蚀介质中的高效缓蚀剂噻唑氯化喹啉季铵盐(TQD)。目前油井开采过程中使用的酸化液多为盐酸、土酸等强酸。乳酸作为一种强螯合酸,可进入地层深处,延长酸化有效期,更有效的溶蚀地层堵塞物。但是对于应用在乳酸环境中的缓蚀剂却少有研究。本发明提供了一种在乳酸环境中可以抑制酸液对管道设施造成腐蚀的季铵盐缓蚀剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于酸化缓蚀剂材料技术领域,具体涉及一种稠环季铵盐作为抑制乳酸酸化体系中腐蚀现象的高效缓蚀剂。
背景技术
酸化是目前常用的油井增注技术,利用酸液溶解腐蚀地层岩石,改善地层渗透率,提高油气流动性来达到油井增产的目的。与其他无机酸相比,盐酸和氢氟酸酸化效果显著且成本较低,因此常选择其作为酸化液。但常规土酸(盐酸与氢氟酸的混合液)酸岩反应速率快,有效酸化作用范围小,且易产生二次污染。而螯合酸具有酸化有效期长、作用半径大;有效溶蚀无机垢;抑制金属离子二次沉淀等优点。二者相比,螯合酸体系可以有效缓解使用土酸作为酸化液时造成的危害,因此得到广泛关注以及大力发展。柠檬酸、有机磷酸和乳酸等可用作螯合酸。其中,乳酸制备方法简单,且原料易得,因此常作为螯合剂来配制油井开采过程中所用的酸化液。在乳酸水溶液中,其羧基释放出一个质子生成乳酸根离子CH3CH(OH)COO-,该负电基团可与带正电的金属离子基团如Ca2+、Mg2+、Ba2+等结合,形成稳定的络合物,进而抑制金属离子的二、三次沉淀。其次,乳酸为弱酸,其氢离子随着酸化过程的进行逐渐释放,因此乳酸具有缓速性能,可进入地层深处解堵,延长有效作用时间,扩大作用半径。乳酸虽为弱酸(pKa=3.8),但在高温高压的复杂环境下仍然会对金属管道设备造成严重的腐蚀。
在酸化液中加入缓蚀剂是油井开采过程中常用的防腐手段。目前国内外的科研工作者在缓蚀剂新品种的开发以及应用方面取得了巨大成果,常见的酸化缓蚀剂多应用于盐酸、硫酸等强酸介质,但在强酸介质中性能优异的缓蚀剂未必在乳酸环境中具有缓蚀效果。例如氯化苄基喹啉衍生物(BQD)是盐酸中的高效缓蚀剂,但是在乳酸酸化环境下缓蚀效果极差。目前对于应用在乳酸腐蚀环境中的缓蚀剂少有报道。因此本发明研制出一种应用在乳酸腐蚀环境中的高效酸化缓蚀剂是十分有意义的。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种噻唑氯化喹啉季铵盐(TQD)(后续文中出现该缓蚀剂皆用简称TQD表示)作为抑制乳酸酸化体系中腐蚀现象的缓蚀剂。目前对于应用在螯合酸体系中的缓蚀剂少有报道,且常见酸化缓蚀剂在乳酸环境中对低碳钢的缓蚀效果较差。TQD则可以解决该问题,是适用于乳酸腐蚀环境中的季铵盐缓蚀剂。
为有效解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种应用在乳酸酸化体系中的季铵盐缓蚀剂TQD,所述缓蚀剂分子的结构式如下:
上述酸化缓蚀剂的合成路线,具体步骤如下:
(1)将4-氯甲基噻唑盐酸盐、喹啉加入装有冷凝装置的三口烧瓶中,再加入适量乙腈作为溶剂。升温至70℃,在30分钟内向反应体系中逐滴加入碳酸氢钠水溶液,喹啉、噻唑、碳酸氢钠的物质的量之比为1.2:1:2。持续搅拌4小时,反应结束后将混合物静置分液,取上层有机相,减压蒸馏除去溶剂后可得粗产品,反应路线如下:
(2)将反应结束后得到的TQD粗产品经柱层析分离(层析液组成为乙酸乙酯:甲醇=5:1)进行提纯,即可得到橙色的TQD溶液,减压蒸馏脱除溶剂后真空干燥,即可得到目标产物。
本发明中的酸化缓蚀剂由喹啉和氯甲基噻唑合成,其分子结构中的N原子以及富含π电子的苯环结构能够与铁表面的空d轨道进行配位,使缓蚀剂分子与金属表面之间的吸附更加紧密。而相对于其他常见的缓蚀剂如氯化苄基喹啉(BQC)、氯化苄基喹啉衍生物(BQD),该缓蚀剂分子中含有供电子能力更强的S原子,使其更易吸附在铁表面形成保护膜,进而避免酸液与铁表面直接接触,起到保护金属的作用。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明缓蚀剂是一种应用在乳酸酸化体系中的含硫杂环季铵盐。在乳酸腐蚀环境中,添加较少量也可达到较高的缓蚀效果,有效减缓金属的腐蚀。
附图说明
图1是缓蚀剂的核磁共振氢谱图。
图2是缓蚀剂的核磁共振碳谱图。
下面结合具体实施方案以及附图对本发明作更详尽的阐述。
实施例1:
将1.7g 4-氯甲基噻唑盐酸盐(0.01mol)以及1.677g喹啉(0.012mol)装入带有冷凝管、温度计、磁力搅拌的100ml三口烧瓶中,再加入7ml乙腈作为溶剂,升温至70℃。然后称取1.68g碳酸氢钠(0.02mol)溶解在15ml去离子水中,30min内向三口烧瓶中缓慢滴加碳酸氢钠水溶液,在70℃下持续搅拌4小时。反应结束后静置分液,取上层有机相,减压蒸馏除去溶剂后即可得粗产品。然后将粗产品经柱层析分离(层析液组成为乙酸乙酯:甲醇=5:1)进行提纯,即可得到橙色溶液,减压蒸馏脱除溶剂后将产品在60℃下真空干燥,得到橙红色固体即为目标产物。其核磁氢谱图、碳谱图如图1、2所示。由谱图可知所得产物为目标产物。
实施例2:
在15%乳酸水溶液中添加质量分数为0.05%的实施例1合成的缓蚀剂。在不同温度下缓蚀效果如表1所示。
表1不同温度下实施例1缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果
由表中数据可知,在不同温度下的测试结果均满足油田酸化腐蚀速率小于5g·m-2·h-1的要求。
实施例3:
90℃下,在不含缓蚀剂的15%乳酸腐蚀体系中,低碳钢的腐蚀速率为32.21g·m-2·h-1;加入质量分数为0.03%的新型季铵盐缓蚀剂时,腐蚀速率为1.53g·m-2·h-1,缓蚀效率为95.25%;加入质量分数为0.01%的新型季铵盐缓蚀剂时,腐蚀速率为2.68g·m-2·h-1,缓蚀效率为91.68%。由以上数据可知,改变缓蚀剂的加量时,腐蚀速率均小于5g·m-2·h-1,满足油田酸化过程中对腐蚀速率的要求。
实施例4:
90℃下,在不含缓蚀剂的25%乳酸腐蚀体系中,低碳钢的腐蚀速率为37.28g·m-2·h-1;加入质量分数为0.05%的缓蚀剂时,腐蚀速率为0.94g·m-2·h-1,缓蚀效率为97.47%。
由上述实施例可知,本发明提供的新型季铵盐缓蚀剂在乳酸腐蚀体系中具有高效的酸化缓蚀效果,得到的缓蚀剂具有缓蚀效果优良、用量少、腐蚀速率低的优点。
上述内容仅选取了本发明较优的几个实施例,但对本发明的应用以及进一步的研究并不局限于此。任何熟悉本专业的技术人员,均可以对上述的技术内容进行变更或调整为等同变化的等效实施例。但凡是在本发明的技术方案范围内,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (5)
2.根据权利要求1所述的缓蚀剂,其特征在于制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将4-氯甲基噻唑盐酸盐、喹啉加入带有冷凝装置的反应容器中,加入适量乙腈作为溶剂。
(2)在70℃下将碳酸氢钠水溶液缓慢滴加进反应体系中,持续搅拌4小时。反应结束后将混合物分液,取上层有机相,减压蒸馏除去溶剂后可得粗产品。
(3)将上述粗产品通过柱层析分离(层析液组成为乙酸乙酯:甲醇=5:1)进行提纯,减压蒸馏脱除溶剂后真空干燥,即可得到目标产物。
3.根据权利要求1所述,缓蚀剂噻唑氯化喹啉季铵盐(TQD)的特征在于应用在乳酸环境中,乳酸浓度在5-30%。
4.根据权利要求1所述,缓蚀剂噻唑氯化喹啉季铵盐(TQD)的特征在于加量不超过溶液总质量的0.1%。
5.根据权利要求3、4所述,缓蚀剂噻唑氯化喹啉季铵盐(TQD)的特征在于可用在30-90℃的乳酸酸化环境中。
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