CN115555723A - Laser-consumable electrode electric arc composite welding method - Google Patents
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/095—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser-consumable electrode electric arc composite welding method, which relates to the technical field of material processing engineering and comprises the following steps: designing the components of a single welding wire in a multi-strand stranded welding wire, selecting the structure of the welding wire and setting twisting parameters according to the difference of the metal characteristics, the structural characteristics and the application requirements of a welded material; step two, respectively adjusting the path, frequency and amplitude of the scanning laser and the rotating arc, and setting the welding parameters of the scanning laser and the rotating arc and the coupling parameters of the scanning laser and the rotating arc; and step three, forming a composite heat source by the scanning laser and the rotating electric arc to jointly act on the workpiece through the adjustment of the step two, forming a welding pool, and starting to weld. The invention can lead the welding seam to be beautiful in formation, controllable in welding seam tissue components, adjustable in joint performance and strong in working condition applicability when high-performance metal materials are welded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material processing engineering, in particular to a laser-consumable electrode electric arc composite welding method.
Background
In recent years, the fields of national defense and military industry, ocean engineering, nuclear power and the like have higher requirements on the welding efficiency, the joint quality and the working condition adaptability of high-performance metal materials, but the existing welding method can not realize the synchronous regulation and control of the welding seam forming and the joint performance, and has the limitation of engineering application on the welding of complex structural parts. Because the stirring force of a single scanning heat source to the molten pool is limited, the inhibition effect on the welding blowholes is not obvious, and a plurality of defects still exist, such as: (1) the welding with thick wall and narrow gap is easy to generate the defects of side wall unfused, air holes, slag inclusion and the like when the welding is carried out at high speed or the welding groove is small; (2) the thick-wall component has a plurality of welding tracks, welding heat input is accumulated continuously during multi-layer and multi-track welding, the welding seam structure is large, and the joint is easy to soften; (3) the one-time single-side welding and double-side forming of the medium plate is difficult to realize; (4) the deposition speed is low, and the welding production efficiency of medium and thick plates is reduced; (5) the laser spot diameter is small, and the requirement on the directivity of the position of the welding wire is also strict; (6) for long butt weld joints or T-shaped fillet weld joints which are difficult to machine and assemble, the quality of single-side welding and double-side forming of the whole weld joint can be affected by slight change of a welding gap, and welding leakage or welding failure is easy to occur. Therefore, a new efficient and high-quality welding method capable of realizing synchronous regulation and control of weld forming and joint mechanical property needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser-consumable electrode arc hybrid welding method, which solves the problems in the prior art and can ensure that a welding line is attractive in shape, the components of a welding line structure are controllable, the joint performance is adjustable and the working condition applicability is strong when a high-performance metal material is welded.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a laser-consumable electrode electric arc hybrid welding method, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, designing the components of a single welding wire in a multi-strand stranded welding wire, selecting the structure of the welding wire and setting twisting parameters according to the difference of the metal characteristics, the structural characteristics and the application requirements of a welded material;
step two, respectively adjusting the path, frequency and amplitude of the scanning laser and the rotating arc, and setting the welding parameters of the scanning laser and the rotating arc and the coupling parameters of the scanning laser and the rotating arc;
and step three, forming a composite heat source by the scanning laser and the rotating electric arc to jointly act on the workpiece through the adjustment of the step two, forming a welding pool, and starting to weld.
Compared with the single scanning laser welding technology, the welding method utilizes the double stirring effect of the scanning laser and the rotating electric arc on the molten pool, not only can strengthen the stirring force on the molten pool, but also can realize the directional and proper stirring of the double-swinging heat source through the arrangement of the swinging path, the amplitude, the frequency and other parameters of the scanning laser and the rotating electric arc, the molten metal formed by the first swinging heat source has the drainage effect on the molten metal formed by the second swinging heat source, so that the air hole generated by the first swinging heat source can overflow along the fluid direction of the second swinging heat source, the circulation is repeated, the molten metal flows towards the opening all the time, the welding air hole can overflow from the upper part of the molten pool and can be discharged along the rotating direction of the second swinging heat source, the overflow channel of the welding air hole is increased, the welding porosity is effectively reduced, and in addition, the stirring of the double-swinging heat source on the molten metal can refine the welding seam structure and homogenize the components; compared with a gas metal arc welding technology of multi-strand stranded welding wires, the stability of a rotating electric arc can be improved by adding the laser, the laser has the effect of contracting the electric arc, the metal dropping directivity in the melting process of the multi-strand stranded welding wires is enhanced, the stability of the welding process is improved, and the formation of a welding seam is optimized; the effective control of the weld penetration (positive width and back width) can be realized by adjusting the swing amplitude of the scanning laser and the rotating arc, and the double-swing heat source can increase the stay time of the weld metal melting state and is beneficial to increasing the weld penetration, so that the efficient and high-quality single-side welding double-side forming of a medium plate or T-shaped structure is realized, and the gap tolerance of butt welding seams is improved; the multi-strand stranded welding wires are selected to replace the traditional welding wires, so that the welding efficiency of the thick-wall member can be improved, the problem that the narrow-gap welding side wall is not melted can be effectively avoided through regular stirring of the rotating arc, in addition, the effective area of the scanning laser energy is increased, the high-efficiency deposition characteristic of the multi-strand stranded welding wires can be played to the maximum extent, and the welding efficiency of the thick-wall member can be improved; the chemical components and metallurgical reaction regulation and control of the welding seam can be realized by designing the components, matching the structure and setting the twisting parameters of the stranded welding wire, and the special requirement on certain mechanical property of the welding joint under a special service environment is met.
Optionally, the stranded welding wires are of a circular structure and are formed by twisting a plurality of single wires.
Optionally, the twisting parameters in the first step include a twisting pitch, a twisting angle, a length of the spiral line and a twisting circumference.
Optionally, the path of the rotating arc is circular; the amplitude of the rotating arc is the rotating distance of the rotating arc in the rotating process and is in direct proportion to the diameter of the stranded welding wires; the frequency of the rotating arc refers to the number of times the rotating arc rotates in unit time, and when the twisting parameter is fixed, the frequency of the rotating arc is in direct proportion to the wire feeding speed.
Optionally, the path of the scanning laser includes a circular, linear, "8" or "∞" type; the amplitude of the scanning laser is the scanning distance of the light beam under different scanning paths; the frequency of the scanning laser is the scanning times of the light beam in unit time.
Optionally, the welding parameters of the scanning laser and the rotating arc and the coupling parameters between the scanning laser and the rotating arc further include laser power, defocusing amount, welding speed, current, voltage, wire feeding speed and light wire spacing.
Optionally, the frequency of the rotating arc is the same as the rotating frequency of the multi-strand twisted welding wire, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula, f is the rotation frequency of the stranded welding wire; l represents the lay length of a plurality of stranded welding wires; v is the wire feeding speed; t is welding time; the frequency of the scanning laser is n times the frequency of the rotating arc, n =1,2,3,4 \ 8230; \8230;.
Compared with the prior art, the invention achieves the following technical effects:
the invention aims to realize the control of welding temperature field distribution and molten pool flowing state by the double stirring action of a double-swinging composite heat source to a welding seam molten pool, thereby eliminating welding pores, enabling the structure and the components of a welding seam to be more uniform, meeting the specific requirement of single mechanical property of a welding joint by the design of a twisted welding wire structure, components and twisting parameters, further realizing the synchronous regulation and control of the welding seam forming and the joint performance of a high-performance metal material, and realizing the engineering application of the laser-consumable electrode arc composite welding method with the double swinging characteristic by utilizing the better working condition adaptability of the double-swinging composite welding heat source. Compared with other welding technologies, the scanning laser-rotating arc hybrid welding technology has the following remarkable advantages. In conclusion, the scanning laser and rotating arc composite welding technology is utilized, and the purposes of improving quality and increasing efficiency of the welding of the high-performance metal material can be achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a multi-strand stranded wire of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the scanning laser and the rotating arc in the same direction;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the coaxial and anisotropic arrangement of two heat sources of the scanning laser and the rotating arc according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the dual-axis and same-direction arrangement of the scanning laser and the rotating arc according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the dual-axis anisotropic arrangement of the scanning laser and the rotating arc according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a laser-consumable electrode arc composite welding method, which solves the problems in the prior art and can ensure that a welding seam is attractive in shape, the components of a welding seam structure are controllable, the performance of a joint is adjustable and the working condition applicability is strong when a high-performance metal material is welded.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention provides a laser-consumable electrode electric arc hybrid welding method, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, designing the components of a single welding wire in a multi-strand stranded welding wire, selecting the structure of the welding wire and setting twisting parameters according to the difference of the metal characteristics, the structural characteristics and the application requirements of a welded material;
and secondly, respectively adjusting the path, frequency and amplitude of the scanning laser and the rotating electric arc, setting the welding parameters of the scanning laser and the rotating electric arc and the coupling parameters of the scanning laser and the rotating electric arc, realizing the control of the distribution of a welding temperature field and the flowing state of a molten pool, eliminating welding pores and refining grains by using the double stirring action of a double scanning heat source on a welding seam molten pool, realizing the accurate control of the size of a welding seam by regulating and controlling the swinging parameters of the scanning laser and the rotating electric arc, enabling the electromagnetic contractive force of a plurality of single electric arcs of the stranded welding wire to be more contracted and the molten drop transition to be more stable by using the arc stabilizing characteristic of a composite heat source, improving the stability of the welding process, and in addition, designing the components of a single welding wire in the stranded welding wire, selecting the welding wire structure and setting the twisting parameters according to the difference of the metal characteristic, the structural characteristic and the application requirement, and realizing the synchronous regulation and control of the formation and the performance of the welding seam by using the integrated advantages of the inhibition of the welding defects, the stable control of the welding process and the design of the welding material. The welding method has the remarkable advantages of quality improvement and efficiency improvement for the welding of high-performance metal materials;
and step three, forming a composite heat source by the scanning laser and the rotating electric arc to jointly act on the workpiece through the adjustment of the step two, forming a welding pool, and starting to perform welding, wherein the welding wire circularly rotates along the reverse twisting direction in the welding process to drive the rotating electric arc to rotate.
The rotating arc rotating radius R1 refers to the rotating distance of the rotating arc in the rotating process, the arc rotating radius of the rotating arc is in direct proportion to the diameter of the stranded welding wires, the larger the diameter of the welding wires is, the larger the arc rotating radius is, and the smaller the arc rotating radius is otherwise; the rotation frequency A1 of the rotating arc refers to the rotation frequency of the rotating arc in unit time, when the twisting parameters are fixed, the rotation frequency of the rotating arc depends on the twisting distance and the wire feeding speed of stranded welding wires, the rotation frequency is in direct proportion to the wire feeding speed, the twisting parameters comprise the twisting distance L, the twisting angle alpha, the length of a helix L1 and the twisting circumference 2 pi R, and as shown in figures 2,3,4 and 5, the twisting parameters are respectively a plurality of exemplary forms of a scanning laser and a rotating arc heat source in the same axial and same direction, in the same axial and different direction, in the same axial and same direction and in the same axial and different direction; the rotating radius and the rotating frequency of the circular swing arc can be determined by selecting the diameters of the stranded welding wires and changing the set wire feeding speed, so that the regular stirring control of the rotating arc on a welding pool is realized.
The oscillation of the scanning laser is realized by setting the scanning parameters of the laser beam relative to the oscillation of the rotating arc, the scanning parameters also include path, amplitude and frequency, and the path of the scanning laser includes circular (clockwise and anticlockwise), linear, 8-shaped and infinity-shaped modes and the like; the amplitude f1 of the scanning laser refers to the scanning distance of the light beam realized under different scanning paths; the frequency A2 of the scanning laser light refers to the number of times the light beam is scanned per unit time.
In the actual welding process, the scanning laser and the rotating arc perform periodic scanning on the surface of a workpiece to be welded, taking laser circular scanning as an example, through double adjustment of a scanning parameter of the scanning laser and a rotating parameter of the rotating arc in time and space, 4 combination modes of coaxial equidirectional, coaxial heterodromous, biaxial equidirectional and biaxial heterodromous between two heat sources can be realized, as shown in fig. 1, R1 and R2 respectively represent scanning radiuses of the scanning laser and the rotating arc, R1= R2 or R1 ≠ R2, double swing welding with the same frequency and amplitude can be realized through adjustment of a swing path, a swing amplitude and a swing frequency of the two swing heat sources, and in addition, the two heat source parameters and coupling parameters between the two heat sources also include laser power, defocusing amount, welding speed, current, voltage, wire feeding speed and light wire spacing.
Specifically, the swing amplitude of the double-swing heat source comprises an arc rotation radius and a laser scanning radius, the rotation radius of the rotation arc is in direct proportion to the diameter of a plurality of stranded welding wires, and when the preset welding seam width is 3-4 mm, the diameter of the welding wires is selected to be 0.5-1.6 mm; when the preset width of the welding seam is 5-6 mm, the diameter of the welding wire is selected to be 1.6-2.4 mm; if synchronous stirring welding of scanning laser and rotating arc is to be realized, the laser scanning amplitude is required to be ensured to be the same as or in a multiple relation with the arc rotating radius, the rotating radius of the rotating arc is R1, and the scanning radius of the scanning laser is R2, the two relations are shown as follows, the rotating directions of the two heat sources can be the same or opposite, and the scanning laser is not limited to a circular scanning path;
R1＝nR2 (n＝1，2，3，4……)
the swing frequency of the double-swing heat source comprises the rotation frequency of a rotating electric arc and the scanning frequency of scanning laser, when welding wire twisting parameters are set, the rotation frequency is in direct proportion to the wire feeding speed, the rotation frequency of a stranded welding wire is the same as the rotation frequency of the rotating electric arc, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula, f is the rotation frequency of the stranded welding wire; l is the lay length of a plurality of stranded welding wires; v is the wire feeding speed; t is welding time;
the rotating frequency corresponding to different wire feeding speeds can be calculated according to the formula, if the same-frequency stirring welding of scanning laser-rotating electric arc is realized, the laser scanning frequency is ensured to be the same as or in a multiple relation with the electric arc rotating frequency, the rotating frequency of the rotating electric arc is A1, the scanning frequency of the scanning laser is A2, the two relations meet the following formula, the rotating directions of two heat sources can be the same or opposite, and the scanning laser is not limited to a circular scanning path; the arc rotation frequency is in the range of 10-100Hz, and the laser scanning frequency is in the range of 20-200 Hz.
A2＝nA1 (n＝1，2，3，4……)
The stirring effect of the scanning laser and the rotating electric arc on the molten pool is also related to the welding speed, the larger the welding speed is, the less the stirring times of the swinging heat source on the unit length molten pool is, the thicker the welding seam structure is, otherwise, the stirring times are increased, and the finer the welding seam structure is; however, considering the change of welding heat input caused by the change of welding speed, the welding heat input is reduced when the welding speed is increased, which is beneficial to the refinement of crystal grains, and conversely, the crystal grains are coarse, which is contradictory to the stirring law of molten pool, so that the comprehensive consideration is needed, and the welding speed is in the range of 0.3m/min-2.0 m/min.
Setting laser welding, electric arc welding and two heat source composite parameters, wherein the laser parameters comprise laser power and defocusing amount, the laser parameters and the defocusing amount determine the size and the energy density of a laser spot radiated to the metal surface, the laser spot size and the energy density are main parameters influencing the forming size of a welding seam, the defocusing amount is in a range of (-20) - (+ 20), and the laser power is in a range of 0-30 kW; the spacing between the light wires influences the coupling effect of the two heat sources, the stability of a molten pool can be influenced when the spacing between the light wires is too small, the composite effect can be lost when the spacing between the light wires is too large, and the spacing between the light wires is in a range of 0-6 mm; and finally, setting the current, the voltage and the wire feeding speed.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "top", "bottom", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A laser-consumable electrode electric arc composite welding method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, designing the components of a single welding wire in a multi-strand stranded welding wire, selecting the structure of the welding wire and setting twisting parameters according to the difference of the metal characteristics, the structural characteristics and the application requirements of a welded material;
step two, respectively adjusting the path, frequency and amplitude of the scanning laser and the rotating arc, and setting the welding parameters of the scanning laser and the rotating arc and the coupling parameters of the scanning laser and the rotating arc;
and step three, forming a composite heat source by the scanning laser and the rotating electric arc to jointly act on the workpiece through the adjustment of the step two, forming a welding pool, and starting to weld.
2. The laser-consumable electrode arc hybrid welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the multi-strand stranded welding wire is of a circular structure and is formed by stranding a plurality of single wires.
3. The laser-consumable electrode arc hybrid welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the twisting parameters in the first step comprise twisting distance, twisting angle, helical length and twisting circumference.
4. The laser-consumable electrode electric arc hybrid welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the path of the rotating arc is circular; the amplitude of the rotating arc is the rotating distance of the rotating arc in the rotating process and is in direct proportion to the diameter of the stranded welding wires; the frequency of the rotating arc refers to the number of times the rotating arc rotates in unit time, and when the twisting parameter is fixed, the frequency of the rotating arc is in direct proportion to the wire feeding speed.
5. The laser-consumable electrode arc hybrid welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the path of the scanning laser comprises a circular, linear, "8" or "∞" type; the amplitude of the scanning laser is the scanning distance of the light beam under different scanning paths; the frequency of the scanning laser is the scanning times of the light beam in unit time.
6. The laser-consumable electrode arc hybrid welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the welding parameters of the scanning laser and the rotating arc and the coupling parameters between the scanning laser and the rotating arc further comprise laser power, defocusing amount, welding speed, current, voltage, wire feeding speed and light wire spacing.
7. The laser-consumable electrode arc hybrid welding method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the frequency of the rotating arc is the same as the rotating frequency of the stranded welding wires, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula, f is the rotation frequency of the stranded welding wire; l represents the lay length of a plurality of stranded welding wires; v is the wire feeding speed; t is welding time; the frequency of the scanning laser is n times of the frequency of the rotating arc, n =1,2,3,4 \8230; \8230.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116652388A (en) * | 2023-06-13 | 2023-08-29 | 中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司 | TC4 titanium alloy low-heat input efficient laser fuse additive manufacturing method |
| CN118123244A (en) * | 2024-05-10 | 2024-06-04 | 苏州融速智造科技有限公司 | Material adding method based on coupling of heat source with planned path of non-uniform energy distribution |
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| CN116652388A (en) * | 2023-06-13 | 2023-08-29 | 中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司 | TC4 titanium alloy low-heat input efficient laser fuse additive manufacturing method |
| CN116652388B (en) * | 2023-06-13 | 2024-01-23 | 中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司 | TC4 titanium alloy low-heat input efficient laser fuse additive manufacturing method |
| CN118123244A (en) * | 2024-05-10 | 2024-06-04 | 苏州融速智造科技有限公司 | Material adding method based on coupling of heat source with planned path of non-uniform energy distribution |
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