CN115555524A - Device and method for reducing shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of nickel-based superalloy induction ingot - Google Patents
Device and method for reducing shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of nickel-based superalloy induction ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN115555524A CN115555524A CN202211125166.7A CN202211125166A CN115555524A CN 115555524 A CN115555524 A CN 115555524A CN 202211125166 A CN202211125166 A CN 202211125166A CN 115555524 A CN115555524 A CN 115555524A
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010308 vacuum induction melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
- B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
- B22D7/064—Cooling the ingot moulds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for reducing shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of a nickel-based superalloy induction ingot, wherein the device comprises: the ingot mould comprises a mould body, a mould bottom and a bottom brick, wherein a cavity is formed in the mould body, the lower end surface of the mould body is connected with the upper end surface of the mould bottom, and the bottom brick is arranged in the middle of the upper end of the mould bottom and positioned at the bottom of the cavity; the water cooling structure is used for cooling the lower part and the middle part of the ingot mold; and suspension liquid for heat preservation is uniformly coated on the surface of the outer wall of the upper part of the die body so as to slow down the cooling of the alloy on the upper part of the cast ingot. According to the invention, the sequential solidification of the ingot from the bottom to the top gate in the longitudinal direction is realized by enhancing the heat preservation of the alloy at the upper part of the ingot and enhancing the cooling of the alloy at the lower part of the ingot, so that a good feeding condition is established, and the defects of shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of the ingot are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of smelting and pouring, in particular to a device and a method for reducing shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of a nickel-based superalloy induction ingot.
Background
The nickel-based high-temperature alloy contains a large amount of national scarce expensive elements such as Ni, cr, co, mo, nb and the like, has high alloying degree, good high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance and excellent fatigue resistance, can be used for manufacturing hot end parts such as aviation jet engines, industrial gas turbines and the like, and is a key core material in the fields of aerospace, electric energy, national defense science and technology and the like. Because the nickel-based high-temperature alloy has high alloying degree and complex components, vacuum induction melting is generally adopted as primary smelting, and secondary or tertiary smelting is carried out through consumable remelting and electroslag remelting. However, in the head-end vacuum induction melting process, the induction ingot obtained by casting the high-temperature alloy liquid often has the defects of shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity, the stability of the secondary smelting process, the ingot casting yield and the quality of the final product are seriously influenced, and the manufacturing and development of high-quality nickel-based high-temperature alloy are restricted.
The casting forming theoretical basis can be known, the solidification direction of the casting is controlled in the casting solidification process to be in line with the sequential solidification principle, and good feeding conditions can be established in the casting solidification process, so that the shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity defects of the casting can be effectively reduced. The principle of sequential solidification is that in the longitudinal direction of the casting, the temperature of the lower part of the casting is low, the temperature of the upper part (sprue) is high, the casting has an increasing temperature gradient from the bottom to the top, and all parts can be sequentially solidified from the bottom to the top. Therefore, the method for enhancing the heat preservation of the alloy at the upper part of the cast ingot and the cooling of the alloy at the lower part of the cast ingot is a main method for controlling the cast ingot to realize sequential solidification and reducing the defects of shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of the cast ingot.
The existing regulation and control method mainly uses a heat-preservation riser on the inner wall of a cavity at the upper part of an ingot mold or paints heat-preservation suspension to enhance the heat-preservation effect of alloy at the upper part of an ingot casting and delay the cooling of alloy liquid at the upper part. However, these methods are difficult to avoid the adverse effects of contamination and slag inclusion at the riser, so that the riser or the operation of cutting off the riser of the ingot after coating the heat-insulating suspension is required, which does not significantly increase the yield of the ingot.
In addition, the existing regulation and control method mainly focuses on enhancing the heat preservation feeding of the alloy at the upper part of the cast ingot, does not consider enhancing the cooling of the alloy below the cast ingot, and controls the cooling effect of the alloy at different parts below the cast ingot, so that the existing method is difficult to realize the sequential solidification of the cast ingot from the lower part to the upper part (pouring gate) in the longitudinal direction, and further fails to effectively solve the problems of yield and quality of the nickel-based superalloy induction ingot.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the conventional method, sequential solidification from the lower part to the upper part (pouring gate) of the cast ingot in the longitudinal direction is difficult to realize, and the technical problems of yield and quality of the nickel-based superalloy induction ingot cannot be effectively solved, so that the method for reducing shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of the nickel-based superalloy induction ingot is provided. The invention mainly plays a role of insulating a riser by coating the insulating suspension on the outer wall surface of the cavity of the upper die body, delays the cooling of the upper alloy liquid, and accelerates the cooling of the lower alloy liquid by arranging the water cooling pipe from bottom to top on the lower die body. By enhancing the heat preservation of the alloy on the upper part of the cast ingot and the cooling of the alloy on the lower part of the cast ingot, the sequential solidification of the cast ingot from the bottom to the top (at a pouring gate) in the longitudinal direction is realized, so that a good feeding condition is established, the defects of shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of the cast ingot are reduced, and the yield and the quality of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy can be effectively improved.
The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a device for reducing shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of a nickel-based superalloy induction ingot comprises: the ingot mould comprises a mould body, a mould bottom and a bottom brick, wherein a cavity is formed in the mould body, the lower end face of the mould body is connected with the upper end face of the mould bottom, and the bottom brick is arranged in the middle of the upper end of the mould bottom and positioned at the bottom of the cavity; the water cooling structure is used for cooling the lower part and the middle part of the ingot mold; and the surface of the outer wall of the upper part of the die body is uniformly coated with a suspension liquid for heat preservation so as to slow down the cooling of the alloy on the upper part of the cast ingot.
Furthermore, the water cooling structure is a plurality of circles of water cooling pipes arranged in the side wall of the middle lower part of the mold body or a plurality of circles of water cooling pipes surrounding the outer wall of the middle lower part of the mold body, flowing water is introduced into the water cooling pipes, and the lower part and the middle part of the ingot mold are cooled by the flowing water.
Furthermore, a gap is formed between the two adjacent water-cooled tubes, and the multiple water-cooled tubes are distributed at equal intervals from bottom to top in sequence.
Furthermore, a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged on the water-cooling pipe, the water inlet is arranged at the bottom of the die body, and the water outlet is arranged in the middle of the die body.
Furthermore, a water inlet flange is arranged on the water inlet, and a water outlet flange is arranged on the water outlet.
Further, the suspension consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
CaO 10-25%, al 2 O 3 20-40 percent of floating bead, 15-25 percent of floating bead and the balance of water;
CaO、Al 2 O 3 uniformly mixing with floating bead raw materials, adding water, stirring, and making the stirred suspension liquid have density of 1000-1300 kg/m 3 In the middle of; the ingot mould coated with the suspension is baked for 2 to 4 hours at the temperature of between 200 and 300 ℃ and then is put into a vacuum furnace for use.
Furthermore, mould body upper portion and lower part all are the cylinder structure, and the wall thickness on mould body upper portion is less than the wall thickness of mould body lower part, and the transition department between mould body upper portion and mould body lower part is the inclined plane transition.
Furthermore, the wall thickness of the lower part of the die body is 210-330mm, and the wall thickness of the upper part of the die body is 70-110mm.
Further, the suspension is coated on the surface of the outer wall of the upper part of the die body at the height of 1/4-1/3 of the die cavity.
The invention also provides a use method of the device for reducing the shrinkage cavity and the shrinkage porosity of the nickel-based superalloy induction ingot, which comprises the following steps:
s1, the die body and the die bottom are made of cast iron materials, the bottom brick is made of mullite refractory materials, the thickness of the bottom brick is 50-100 mm, and the bottom brick is arranged in the middle of the upper portion of the die bottom, so that scouring and erosion of high-temperature alloy liquid to the die bottom can be reduced, and the service life of the die bottom is prolonged.
And S2, mounting a water-cooling pipe at the middle-lower part of the die body to enhance the cooling of the lower part and the middle part of the cast ingot, wherein the diameter of the water-cooling pipe is determined according to the tonnage of the poured alloy, and the diameter range of the water-cooling pipe is 40-200 mm. In addition, a gap is arranged between the water cooling pipelines, so that heat exchange between the water cooling pipes can be prevented, and the cooling effect of the water cooling pipes is reduced. A water inlet flange is arranged at a water inlet of the water cooling pipe, and a water outlet flange is arranged at a water outlet of the water cooling pipe, so that the water cooling pipe is convenient to disassemble when the ingot mold needs to be lifted.
S3, after the mould body, the mould bottom, the bottom brick and the water cooling structure are installed, coating suspension on the outer wall surface of the upper part of the ingot mould at the height of 1/4-1/3 of the mould cavity to increase the heat preservation of the alloy on the upper part of the ingot mould, wherein the suspension comprises the following ingredients: caO:10 to 25 percent of Al 2 O 3 :20% -40%, floating beads: 15-25% and the balance of water. The ingot mould coated with the suspension liquid is baked for 2 to 4 hours at the temperature of between 200 and 300 ℃ and then is put into a vacuum furnace for use.
S4, after vacuum induction smelting of the GH4169 nickel-based high-temperature alloy is finished, pouring 4 tons of GH4169 nickel-based high-temperature alloy liquid by adopting an upper pouring mode under the condition that the vacuum degree is about 6000Pa, wherein the alloy comprises 50-55% of Ni, 17-21% of Cr, 2.8-3.3% of Mo, 5-5.5% of Nb, 0.3-0.7% of Al and 0.75-1.15% of Ti, the pouring time is 5-10 minutes, and the pouring temperature is 1420-1460 ℃. And in the alloy liquid filling process, when the filling amount of the alloy reaches about 50%, cooling water is introduced. In order to avoid the defect that the surface of the cast ingot is cooled too fast to form central shrinkage porosity, the flow rate of the cooling water which is started to be introduced is small, and after the filling of the alloy liquid is finished, the flow rate of the cooling water is started to be gradually increased so as to strengthen the solidification of the alloy at the lower part of the cast ingot. In the water cooling process, cooling water enters from the water inlet at the lower part and flows out from the water outlet at the middle part, so that hot water which has been used for cooling can be immediately discharged from the water outlet, and a better cooling effect is achieved. And after the high-temperature alloy liquid is filled, cooling the high-temperature alloy liquid in an ingot mold for 60 to 90 minutes, and finally obtaining the GH4169 nickel-based high-temperature alloy induction ingot through demolding treatment. After the device is adopted, sequential solidification of the cast ingot from the bottom to the top sprue gate end can be realized in the longitudinal direction of the cast ingot in the solidification process, good feeding conditions can be established, and finally the shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity defects of the cast ingot can be effectively reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the device and the method for reducing shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of the nickel-based superalloy induction ingot, the heat preservation riser is achieved by coating the heat preservation suspension on the outer wall surface of the cavity of the upper die body, cooling of the upper alloy liquid is delayed, and the cooling of the lower alloy liquid is accelerated by arranging the water cooling pipe from bottom to top on the lower die body. By enhancing the heat preservation of the alloy on the upper part of the cast ingot and the cooling of the alloy on the lower part of the cast ingot, the sequential solidification of the cast ingot from the bottom to the top (at a pouring gate) is realized in the longitudinal direction, so that a good feeding condition is established, and the defects of shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of the cast ingot are reduced.
In conclusion, the technical scheme of the invention can solve the problems that the prior method is difficult to realize sequential solidification of the cast ingot from the lower part to the upper part (pouring gate) in the longitudinal direction, and further the yield and the quality of the nickel-based superalloy induction ingot cannot be effectively solved.
Based on the reasons, the invention can be widely popularized in the fields of smelting and pouring and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first ingot mold and apparatus used in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a second ingot mold and apparatus used in the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a mould body; 2. a mold bottom; 3. a bottom brick; 4. a water-cooled tube; 5. a water inlet; 6. a water inlet flange; 7. a water outlet; 8. a water outlet flange; 9. (ii) a suspension.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. Any specific values in all examples shown and discussed herein are to be construed as exemplary only and not as limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the directional terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and in the absence of any contrary indication, these directional terms are not intended to indicate and imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention: the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "over 8230 \ 8230;,"' over 8230;, \8230; upper surface "," above ", etc. may be used herein to describe the spatial relationship of one device or feature to another device or feature as shown in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary terms "at 8230; \8230; 'above" may include both orientations "at 8230; \8230;' above 8230; 'at 8230;' below 8230;" above ". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited.
As shown in the figure, the invention provides a device for reducing shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of a nickel-based superalloy induction ingot, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
an ingot mould comprising a mould body 1, a mould bottom 2 and a bottom brick 3 is used, and the lower end surface of the mould body 1 is connected with the upper end surfaces of the mould bottom 2 and the bottom brick 3.
The ingot mould upper portion mould body wall thickness that adopts is little, and lower part mould body wall thickness is big, and is provided with water-cooled tube 4 at lower part mould body, is provided with water inlet 5 and delivery port 7 on the water-cooled tube 4, and water inlet 5 sets up in the lower part of mould body, and delivery port 7 sets up in the middle part of mould body, is provided with water inlet flange 6 on the water inlet 5, is provided with out water flange 8 on the delivery port 7, is provided with the clearance between the pipeline of water-cooled tube 4, adopts the flowing water that lets in the water-cooled tube 4 to cool off the lower part and the middle part of ingot mould.
And uniformly coating a suspension 9 for heat preservation on the outer wall surface of the cavity of the upper die body so as to slow down the cooling of the alloy on the upper part of the ingot.
The suspension 9 comprises the following ingredients in percentage by mass: caO 10-25%, al 2 O 3 20-40% of floating bead and 15-25% of floating bead; the ingredients are evenly mixed and then stirred by adding water, and the density of the suspension after stirring is 1000-1300 kg/m 3 In between.
The ingot mould coated with the suspension is baked for 2 to 4 hours at the temperature of between 200 and 300 ℃ and then is put into a vacuum furnace for use.
The invention also provides a method for reducing shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of the nickel-based superalloy induction ingot, which comprises the following steps:
(1) As shown in figure 1, the die body 1 and the die bottom 2 are made of cast iron materials, the bottom brick 3 is made of mullite refractory materials, the thickness of the bottom brick is 50-100 mm, and the bottom brick 3 is arranged in the middle of the upper part of the die bottom 2, so that the scouring and erosion of high-temperature alloy liquid to the die bottom 2 can be reduced, and the service life of the die bottom 2 is prolonged.
(2) And a water cooling pipe 4 is arranged at the middle lower part of the die body 1 to enhance the cooling of the lower part and the middle part of the cast ingot, the diameter of the water cooling pipe is determined according to the tonnage of the poured alloy, and the diameter range of the water cooling pipe is 40-200 mm. In addition, a gap is formed between the water cooling pipelines, so that heat exchange between the water cooling pipes can be prevented, and the cooling effect of the water cooling pipes is reduced. The water inlet 5 of the water cooling pipe is provided with a water inlet flange 6, and the water outlet 7 of the water cooling pipe is provided with a water outlet flange 8, so that the water cooling pipe can be conveniently detached when an ingot mould needs to be lifted.
(3) After a mould body 1, a mould bottom 2, a bottom brick 3 and a water cooling structure (comprising a water cooling pipe 4, a water inlet 5, a water inlet flange 6, a water outlet 7 and a water outlet flange 8) are installed, a suspension is coated on the surface of the outer wall at the height of a 1/4-1/3 cavity on the upper part of an ingot mould to increase the heat preservation of the alloy on the upper part of the ingot mould, and the suspension is prepared by the following steps: caO:10 to 25% of Al 2 O 3 :20% -40%, floating bead: 15-25% and the balance of water. The ingot mould coated with the suspension is baked for 2 to 4 hours at the temperature of between 200 and 300 ℃ and then is put into a vacuum furnace for use.
(4) After the vacuum induction smelting of GH4169 nickel-base high-temperature alloy is finished, 4 tons of GH4169 nickel-base high-temperature alloy liquid is poured by adopting an upper pouring mode under the condition that the vacuum degree is about 6000Pa, and the alloy comprises 50 to 55 percent of Ni, 17 to 21 percent of Cr, 2.8 to 3.3 percent of Mo, 5 to 5.5 percent of Nb, 0.3 to 0.7 percent of Al and 0.75 to 1.15 percent of Ti, the pouring time is 5 to 10 minutes, and the pouring temperature is 1420 to 1460 ℃. And in the alloy liquid filling process, when the filling amount of the alloy reaches about 50%, cooling water is introduced. In order to avoid the defect that the surface of the ingot is cooled too fast to form central shrinkage porosity, the flow rate of the cooling water which is introduced at the beginning is small, and after the filling of the alloy liquid is finished, the flow rate of the cooling water is gradually increased to strengthen the solidification of the alloy at the lower part of the ingot. In the water cooling process, cooling water enters from the water inlet 5 at the lower part and flows out from the water outlet 7 at the middle part, so that hot water which has been used for cooling can be immediately discharged from the water outlet 7, and a better cooling effect is achieved. And after the high-temperature alloy liquid is filled, cooling the high-temperature alloy liquid in an ingot mold for 60 to 90 minutes, and demolding to finally obtain the GH4169 nickel-based high-temperature alloy induction ingot. After the device is adopted, sequential solidification from the bottom to the top sprue gate end can be realized in the longitudinal direction of the cast ingot in the solidification process, good feeding conditions can be established, and finally the shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity defects of the cast ingot can be effectively reduced.
The invention provides a method for reducing shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of a nickel-based superalloy induction ingot, which can be widely popularized and applied to various iron-based and cobalt-based superalloy vacuum induction casting processes, and can improve the quality and yield of superalloy products. In addition, the method can be applied and popularized, can also carry out technical transformation, and has wide popularization and application prospects.
The method for reducing shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of the nickel-based superalloy induction ingot can enhance the heat preservation of the upper alloy of the nickel-based superalloy induction ingot and enhance the cooling of the lower alloy of the induction ingot, so that the induction ingot can be sequentially solidified from the bottom to the top (a pouring gate) in the longitudinal direction, a good feeding condition can be established in the solidification process of the induction ingot, and finally, the defects of the shrinkage cavity and the shrinkage porosity of the cast ingot can be effectively reduced. By reducing shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of the induction ingot, the stability of the secondary smelting process of the high-temperature alloy, the yield of the cast ingot and the quality of a final product can be improved, and the method has great economic benefit.
Example 1
As shown in figures 1-2, the invention provides a device for reducing shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of a nickel-based superalloy induction ingot, which uses an ingot mold comprising a mold body 1, a mold bottom 2 and a bottom brick 3, wherein the lower end surface of the mold body 1 is connected with the upper end surfaces of the mold bottom 2 and the bottom brick 3. Wherein, the inside of mould body 1 has the die cavity, and the lower terminal surface of mould body 1 is connected with the up end contact of mould end 2, and the upper end middle part of mould end 2 is seted up the groove, and end brick 3 is arranged in the inslot and is located the bottom of die cavity.
An ingot mould with a small upper mould body wall thickness and a large lower mould body wall thickness is adopted. The wall thickness of lower part mould body is about 270mm, and is provided with water-cooled tube 4 in lower part mould body wall, has seted up the hole in the mould body lower part lateral wall, and this water-cooled tube 4 can be by a pipe winding for many rings set up in the hole in the mould body lateral wall, and water-cooled tube 4 also can comprise many isometric pipes, and every pipe setting is in the hole in the mould body lateral wall, and supreme order connection in proper order is followed to many pipes down. The water cooling pipe 4 is provided with a water inlet 5 and a water outlet 7, the water inlet 5 is arranged on the outer side of the lower part of the mold body, the water outlet 7 is arranged on the outer side of the middle part of the mold body, a water inlet flange 6 is arranged on the water inlet 5, and a water outlet flange 8 is arranged on the water outlet 7, so that the water cooling pipe 4 can be conveniently detached when the ingot mold (the mold body 1, the mold bottom 2 and the bottom brick 3) needs to be lifted. A gap is arranged between the upper pipeline and the lower pipeline of the water-cooling pipe 4. And cooling the lower part and the middle part of the ingot mold by using flowing water. The cooling solidification of the alloy at the lower part of the ingot is accelerated by adopting larger wall mold thickness and flowing water cooling.
The wall thickness of the upper die body is about 90mm, a heat-preserving suspension is uniformly coated on the outer wall surface of the upper die cavity at the height of 1/4-1/3 of the upper part of the die body to slow down the cooling solidification of the alloy on the upper part of the ingot, and the suspension comprises the following ingredients in percentage by mass: caO 10-25%, al 2 O 3 20-40 percent of floating beads and 15-25 percent of floating beads; the ingredients are evenly mixed and then stirred by adding water, and the density of the suspension after stirring is 1000-1300 kg/m 3 In the meantime. The ingot mould coated with the suspension liquid is placed into a vacuum furnace for use after being baked for 2 to 4 hours at the temperature of between 200 and 300 ℃. The cooling solidification of the alloy on the upper part of the cast ingot is slowed down by using smaller wall mould thickness and coating the heat preservation suspension liquid.
The device and the method can enhance the heat preservation of the alloy on the upper part of the ingot and enhance the cooling of the alloy on the lower part of the ingot, and can enable the induction ingot to realize the sequential solidification from the bottom to the top (a pouring gate) in the longitudinal direction. Under the condition, the induction ingot can establish a good feeding condition in the solidification process, so that the defects of shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of the ingot can be effectively reduced.
Example 2
The basic contents of this embodiment are the same as embodiment 1, but the differences are: the water cooling pipe 4 is arranged on the outer wall of the middle lower part of the mold body 1 in a multi-ring surrounding manner, compared with embodiment 1, the cooling effect of flowing water on high-temperature alloy liquid in embodiment 2 is weaker, but the water cooling pipe in embodiment 2 is more convenient to install, holes are prevented from being dug in the ingot mold wall, and the working procedures and the cost are reduced.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for reducing shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of a nickel-based superalloy induction ingot is characterized by comprising: the ingot mould comprises a mould body (1), a mould bottom (2) and a bottom brick (3), wherein a cavity is formed in the mould body (1), the lower end face of the mould body (1) is connected with the upper end face of the mould bottom (2), and the bottom brick (3) is arranged in the middle of the upper end of the mould bottom (2) and is positioned at the bottom of the cavity; the water cooling structure is used for cooling the lower part and the middle part of the ingot mold; and the surface of the outer wall of the upper part of the die body (1) is uniformly coated with a suspension (9) for heat preservation so as to slow down the cooling of the alloy on the upper part of the cast ingot.
2. The apparatus for reducing shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of the nickel-base superalloy induction ingot according to claim 1, wherein the water cooling structure is a plurality of water cooling pipes (4) arranged in the side wall of the middle lower part of the mold body (1) or a plurality of water cooling pipes (4) surrounding the outer wall of the middle lower part of the mold body (1), flowing water is introduced into the water cooling pipes (4), and the flowing water is used for cooling the lower part and the middle part of the ingot mold.
3. The device for reducing the shrinkage cavity and the shrinkage porosity of the nickel-base superalloy induction ingot according to claim 2, wherein a gap is formed between two adjacent circles of the water-cooling tubes (4), and the water-cooling tubes (4) are distributed at equal intervals from bottom to top.
4. The device for reducing the shrinkage cavity and the shrinkage porosity of the nickel-based superalloy induction ingot according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a water inlet (5) and a water outlet (7) are formed in the water-cooled tube (4), the water inlet (5) is formed in the bottom of the die body (1), and the water outlet (7) is formed in the middle of the die body (1).
5. The device for reducing the shrinkage cavity and the shrinkage porosity of the nickel-base superalloy induction ingot according to claim 4, wherein a water inlet flange (6) is arranged on the water inlet (5), and a water outlet flange (8) is arranged on the water outlet (7).
6. The apparatus for reducing shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of nickel-base superalloy induction ingot according to claim 1, wherein the suspension (9) comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
CaO 10-25%, al 2 O 3 20-40 percent of floating bead, 15-25 percent of floating bead and the balance of water;
CaO、Al 2 O 3 mixing with floating bead material, adding water and stirring, the density of the suspension (9) after stirring is 1000-1300 kg/m 3 In the middle of; the ingot mould coated with the suspension (9) is baked for 2 to 4 hours at the temperature of between 200 and 300 ℃ and then is put into a vacuum furnace for use.
7. The device for reducing the shrinkage cavity and the shrinkage porosity of the nickel-base superalloy induction ingot according to claim 1, wherein the upper portion and the lower portion of the die body (1) are both in a cylindrical structure, the wall thickness of the upper portion of the die body (1) is smaller than that of the lower portion of the die body (1), and a transition portion between the upper portion of the die body (1) and the lower portion of the die body (1) is in an inclined surface transition.
8. The apparatus for reducing shrinkage cavity and porosity of nickel-base superalloy induction ingot according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the wall thickness of the lower portion of the die body (1) is 210-330mm, and the wall thickness of the upper portion of the die body (1) is 70-110mm.
9. The apparatus for alleviating the shrinkage cavity and porosity of the nickel-base superalloy induction ingot according to claim 1, wherein the suspension (9) is coated on the outer wall surface of the upper portion (1) of the die body (1) at a height of 1/4-1/3 of the die cavity.
10. A method of using the apparatus for reducing shrinkage porosity and porosity in an induction ni-based superalloy ingot as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
s1, using cast iron materials for the die body (1) and the die bottom (2), using mullite refractory materials for the bottom bricks (3), wherein the thickness of the mullite refractory materials is 50-100 mm, and installing the bottom bricks (3) in the middle of the upper part of the die bottom (2) can reduce the scouring and erosion of high-temperature alloy liquid on the die bottom (2) and prolong the service life of the die bottom (2);
s2, installing a water cooling pipe (4) at the middle-lower part of the die body (1) to enhance the cooling of the lower part and the middle part of the cast ingot, wherein the diameter of the water cooling pipe is determined according to the tonnage of the poured alloy, and the diameter range of the water cooling pipe is 40-200 mm; in addition, a gap is arranged between the water cooling pipelines, so that heat exchange between the water cooling pipes can be prevented, and the cooling effect of the water cooling pipes is reduced; a water inlet flange (6) is arranged at a water inlet (5) of the water-cooling pipe, and a water outlet flange (8) is arranged at a water outlet (7), so that the water-cooling pipe can be conveniently detached when the ingot mould needs to be lifted;
s3, after the mould body (1), the mould bottom (2), the bottom brick (3) and the water cooling structure are installed, coating suspension on the outer wall surface at the height of 1/4-1/3 of the cavity at the upper part of the ingot mould to increase the heat preservation of the alloy at the upper part of the ingot mould, wherein the suspension comprises the following ingredients: caO:10 to 25 percent of Al 2 O 3 :20% -40%, floating beads: 15-25% of water and the balance of water; baking the ingot mould coated with the suspension liquid at the temperature of between 200 and 300 ℃ for 2 to 4 hours, and then putting the ingot mould into a vacuum furnace for use;
s4, after vacuum induction smelting of the GH4169 nickel-based high-temperature alloy is finished, pouring 4 tons of GH4169 nickel-based high-temperature alloy liquid by adopting an upper pouring mode under the condition that the vacuum degree is about 6000Pa, wherein the alloy comprises 50-55% of Ni, 17-21% of Cr, 2.8-3.3% of Mo, 5-5.5% of Nb, 0.3-0.7% of Al and 0.75-1.15% of Ti, the pouring time is 5-10 minutes, and the pouring temperature is 1420-1460 ℃; in the alloy liquid filling process, when the filling amount of the alloy reaches about 50%, cooling water is introduced; in order to avoid the defect that the surface of the cast ingot is cooled too fast to form central shrinkage porosity, the flow of the cooling water which is introduced at the beginning is small, and after the alloy liquid is filled, the flow of the cooling water is gradually increased to strengthen the solidification of the alloy at the lower part of the cast ingot; in the water cooling process, cooling water enters from the water inlet (5) at the lower part and flows out from the water outlet (7) at the middle part, so that hot water which has been used for cooling can be immediately discharged from the water outlet (7), and a better cooling effect is achieved; after the high-temperature alloy liquid is filled, cooling the high-temperature alloy liquid in an ingot mold for 60 to 90 minutes, and finally obtaining a GH4169 nickel-based high-temperature alloy induction ingot through demolding treatment; after the device is adopted, sequential solidification of the cast ingot from the bottom to the top of the sprue gate end can be realized in the longitudinal direction of the cast ingot in the solidification process, good feeding conditions can be established, and finally the defects of shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of the cast ingot can be effectively reduced.
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