CN115538192A - 天然丝绸染色剂及其应用 - Google Patents
天然丝绸染色剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种天然丝绸染色剂及其应用,天然丝绸染色剂的组成包括植物水解液与天然氨基酸或氨基酸盐,植物水解液为栀子水解液、杜仲水解液、地黄水解液、龙胆水解液或女贞子水解液,其对应的有效成分分别是京尼平、京尼平酸、梓醇苷元、龙胆苦苷元和女贞苷元,将制得的染色剂进行稀释,并加入媒染剂,然后加入蚕丝进行入染、冲洗和烘干。本发明的染色剂具有安全无毒、染色深度高、色牢度高等特点,染色后的蚕丝具有耐水洗、耐皂洗及耐汗渍等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于织物染色剂技术领域,具体涉及一种天然丝绸染色剂及其应用。
背景技术
随着生活水平的提高,消费者不仅要求衣着的美丽,也越来越关注服装产品本身及其加工过程的生态环保性。作为纺织工业的重要组成部分,印染加工是美化人类生活的重要手段,化工染料虽然能够获得鲜艳的色彩与持久的色牢度,但是大部分染料都具有毒性与致癌性,不能满足消费者对于绿色高端产品的需求,同时,印染行业历来属于重污染行业,印染废水产量大,毒性高。因此天然染料与环保印染技术未来将会成为主流。
天然色素作为染色剂已经使用了近千年,靛蓝、苏木、薯莨、莲子壳等含有色素的生物材料被广泛用于染色中,但是,上述染料多为直接染料与还原染料,染色需要金属媒染或者采用还原剂处理。用于大规模生产所产生的污染并不低于传统印染,染色后纺织品的水洗、湿擦等色牢度远远不能满足现代生活的需要。而且,传统天然染料未经充分的提纯,有效成分含量低并且质量控制不容易,导致染色不均且色差较大的问题。
根据市场对天然染料与环保染色技术的追求,结合植物提取技术,富集植物当中具有染色活性的成分,开发耐水洗与湿擦的活性天然染料,有利于解决天然染色批差异大,染色牢度偏低等问题。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种低毒环保、结合力强、耐水洗、耐皂洗、耐唾液及汗渍的天然丝绸染色剂及其应用。
为达到上述目的,提出以下技术方案:
一方面,本发明提供了一种天然丝绸染色剂,其组成包括植物水解液与天然氨基酸或氨基酸盐,植物水解液为栀子水解液、杜仲水解液、地黄水解液、龙胆水解液或女贞子水解液,其对应的有效成分分别是京尼平、京尼平酸、梓醇苷元、龙胆苦苷元和女贞苷元,水解液中上述有效成分的质量浓度为0.01%-1%。染色剂中植物水解液有效成分与天然氨基酸或氨基酸盐的质量比为1:1~100,有效成分的结构式如下:
上述植物提取物水解液按照酶解制备苷元的基本方法进行制备,制备流程如下:取植物原料(栀子、杜仲、地黄、女贞子及龙胆等)适量,按照1:20w/v的比例加入去离子水,加入植物原料质量比1wt%的40万单位纤维素酶(来源于黑曲霉),于60oC水解并提取2小时,结束后离心除去沉渣,重复提取三次,合并水解液,经大孔树脂(型号HPD200A、HPD100A、AB-8等)富集纯化,质量浓度20%乙醇洗脱苷元并浓缩为植物提取物水解液的浸膏,使用时稀释至苷元含量为1%作为染色活性成分。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种天然丝绸染色剂,其组成中所述的天然氨基酸或氨基酸盐,天然氨基酸或氨基酸盐可以为20种天然氨基酸及其盐中的任意一种,优选为甘氨酸、谷氨酸钠、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、丙氨酸、苯丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、精氨酸、丝氨酸、牛磺酸、色氨酸钠,该复配染色剂对于丝绸的染色效率以及染色深度明显提高,根据有效成分结构与氨基酸种类搭配可以获得各种颜色,其中栀子水解液与天然氨基酸复配染色将获得蓝色至蓝绿色;杜仲水解液与天然氨基酸复配染色将获得紫色至洋红色;地黄水解液与天然氨基酸复配染色将获得红色;龙胆水解液与天然氨基酸复配染色将获得黄色;女贞子水解液与天然氨基酸复配染色将获得棕色。
根据色牢度以及染色情况,优选颜色深且色牢度较好的植物有效成分及氨基酸或氨基酸盐的搭配作为天然活性染料,但并不限于下述方案。
作为本发明的优选技术方案:天然活性蓝染色剂,组成包括栀子水解液、谷氨酸钠,水解液有效成分与谷氨酸钠的配比为1:100,染色后的颜色为蓝色。
作为本发明的优选技术方案:天然活性洋红染色剂,组成包括杜仲水解液、谷氨酸,水解液有效成分与谷氨酸的配比为1:1~1:100,染色后的颜色为紫红色。
作为本发明的优选技术方案:天然活性绿染色剂,组成包括栀子水解液、色氨酸钠,水解液有效成分与色氨酸钠的配比为1:1~1:100,染色后的颜色为蓝绿色。
作为本发明的优选技术方案,天然活性棕1染色剂,组成包括地黄水解液、谷氨酸钠,水解液有效成分与谷氨酸钠的配比为1:1~1:100,染色后的颜色为棕红色。
作为本发明的优选技术方案,天然活性黄染色剂,组成包括龙胆水解液、天谷氨酸钠,水解液有效成分与谷氨酸钠的配比为1:1~1:100,染色后的颜色为黄色。
作为本发明的优选技术方案,天然活性棕2染色剂,组成包括女贞子水解液、谷氨酸钠,水解液有效成分与谷氨酸钠的配比为1:1~1:100,染色后的颜色为棕褐色。
上述天然丝绸染色剂在蚕丝染色中的应用,包括如下步骤:
1)将上述复配的天然活性染色剂配制成0.1-20g/L的染色溶液,优选为10g/L,根据需要获得的染色深度稀释至10-100倍,作为染浴溶液,按照0.05-0.5g/L的浓度加入媒染剂;
2)将经过沸水浸泡过的平纹蚕丝,按照1:100-1:500的染浴比放入染浴溶液中,优选为1:100,室温入染,匀速升温至60-100℃,优选为90℃,保温染色20-60min,优选为30min,染色后冷却至室温,用流水充分冲洗,晾干或烘干。
优选地,媒染剂为硫酸铝钾、硫酸锌、硫酸铜、硫酸氧钛或硫酸亚铁。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1)本发明的染色剂的核心来源于栀子、地黄、杜仲、女贞子等常见的药食同源中草药,具有廉价易得、毒性低且安全性高的优势。
2)通过本发明的染色剂染色后的蚕丝具有耐水洗、耐皂洗及耐汗渍等优点,其色牢度均可达4级及以上,通过搭配不同的媒染剂,还能够获得丰富的颜色,克服了原天然染料丝绸印染耐水性差,不耐光照等缺陷。
3)本发明染色剂均系天然来源,染色后产生的废水毒性低、易于处理以及降解,符合环保印染的根本要求。
附图说明
图1为实施例9着色前后丝绸表面的不同倍数的扫描电镜图;
图2为实施例9着色前后丝绸表面的红外光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合说明书附图和实施例对本发明做进一步地说明,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。
面料染色的色牢度按照国家标准GB/T 15551-2016 的相关操作测试色牢度。
染色丝绸电镜分析方法如下:取实施例9及未染色平纹丝绸的丝绸样品抽取一根丝线,用扫描电子显微镜用于观察不同放大各个样品的形态,检测条件为:15 kV加速电压。
染色丝绸表面红外光谱分析方法如下:取实施例9及未染色样品剪成1cm*1cm片,使用漫反射傅立叶变换红外光谱法进行检测,检测波长范围为500 -4000 cm-1。
实施例1
天然活性蓝染色剂组成:栀子水解液1g(有效成分含量为1%),谷氨酸钠1g。
将上述染色剂配制成1g/L的染色溶液,稀释10倍,作为染浴溶液,加入0.5g/L的硫酸铝钾做媒染剂,将经过沸水浸泡过的平纹蚕丝,按照1:100染浴比放入染浴溶液中,室温入染并升温至80℃,升温完成后,保温染色30min,冷却至60℃后,用流水充分冲洗,晾干即得,颜色为深蓝色。
实施例2
天然活性洋红染色剂组成:杜仲水解液 10g(有效成分含量为1%),谷氨酸钠1g。
将上述染色剂配制成1g/L的染色溶液,稀释10倍,作为染浴溶液,加入0.5g/L的硫酸铝钾做媒染剂,将经过沸水浸泡过的平纹蚕丝,按照1:100染浴比放入染浴溶液中,室温入染并升温至80℃,升温完成后,保温染色30min,冷却至60℃后,用流水充分冲洗,晾干即得,颜色为紫红色。
实施例3
天然活性绿染色剂组成:栀子水解液10g(有效成分含量为1%),色氨酸钠1g。
将上述染色剂配制成1g/L的染色溶液,稀释10倍,作为染浴溶液,加入0.5g/L的硫酸铝钾做媒染剂,将经过沸水浸泡过的平纹蚕丝,按照1:100染浴比放入染浴溶液中,室温入染并升温至80℃,升温完成后,保温染色30min,冷却至60℃后,用流水充分冲洗,晾干即得,颜色为蓝绿色。
实施例4
天然活性棕1染色剂组成:地黄水解液10g(有效成分含量为1%),谷氨酸钠1g。
将上述染色剂配制成1g/L的染色溶液,稀释10倍,作为染浴溶液,加入0.5g/L的硫酸铝钾做媒染剂,将经过沸水浸泡过的平纹蚕丝,按照1:100染浴比放入染浴溶液中,室温入染并升温至80℃,升温完成后,保温染色30min,冷却至60℃后,用流水充分冲洗,晾干即得,颜色为红棕色。
实施例5
天然活性黄染色剂组成:龙胆水解液10g(有效成分含量为1%),谷氨酸钠1g。
将上述染色剂配制成1g/L的染色溶液,稀释10倍,作为染浴溶液,加入0.5g/L的硫酸铝钾做媒染剂,将经过沸水浸泡过的平纹蚕丝,按照1:100染浴比放入染浴溶液中,室温入染并升温至80℃,升温完成后,保温染色30min,冷却至60℃后,用流水充分冲洗,晾干即得,颜色为黄色。
实施例6
天然活性棕2染色剂的组成:女贞子水解液10g(有效成分含量为1%),谷氨酸钠1g。
将上述染色剂配制成1g/L的染色溶液,稀释10倍,作为染浴溶液,加入0.5g/L的硫酸铝钾做媒染剂,将经过沸水浸泡过的平纹蚕丝,按照1:100染浴比放入染浴溶液中,室温入染并升温至80℃,升温完成后,保温染色30min,冷却至60℃后,用流水充分冲洗,晾干即得,颜色为棕褐色。
实施例7
天然活性蓝染色剂的组成:栀子水解液1g(有效成分含量为1%),谷氨酸钠1g。
将上述染色剂配制成1g/L的染色溶液,稀释10倍,作为染浴溶液,加入0.5g/L的硫酸锌做媒染剂,将经过沸水浸泡过的平纹蚕丝,按照1:100染浴比放入染浴溶液中,室温入染并升温至80℃,升温完成后,保温染色30min,冷却至60℃后,用流水充分冲洗,晾干即得。
实施例8
天然活性蓝染色剂的组成:栀子水解液1g(有效成分含量为1%),谷氨酸钠1g。
将上述染色剂配制成1g/L的染色溶液,稀释10倍,作为染浴溶液,加入0.5g/L的硫酸铜做媒染剂,将经过沸水浸泡过的平纹蚕丝,按照1:100染浴比放入染浴溶液中,室温入染并升温至80℃,升温完成后,保温染色30min,冷却至60℃后,用流水充分冲洗,晾干即得。
实施例9
天然活性蓝染色剂的组成:栀子水解液1g(有效成分含量为1%),谷氨酸钠1g。
将上述染色剂配制成1g/L的染色溶液,稀释10倍,作为染浴溶液,加入0.5g/L的硫酸氧钛做媒染剂,将经过沸水浸泡过的平纹蚕丝,按照1:100染浴比放入染浴溶液中,室温入染并升温至80℃,升温完成后,保温染色30min,冷却至60℃后,用流水充分冲洗,晾干即得。
实施例10
天然活性蓝染色剂的组成:栀子水解液1g(有效成分含量为1%),谷氨酸钠1g。
将上述染色剂配制成1g/L的染色溶液,稀释10倍,作为染浴溶液,加入0.5g/L的硫酸亚铁做媒染剂,将经过沸水浸泡过的平纹蚕丝,按照1:100染浴比放入染浴溶液中,室温入染并升温至80℃,升温完成后,保温染色30min,冷却至60℃后,用流水充分冲洗,晾干即得。
实施例11
将栀子蓝色素(色价E=10)配制成1g/L的染色溶液,稀释10倍,作为染浴溶液,加入0.5 g/L的硫酸铝钾做媒染剂,将经过沸水浸泡过的平纹蚕丝,按照1:100染浴比放入染浴溶液中,室温入染并匀速升温至80℃,升温完成后,保温染色60min,冷却至60℃后,用流水充分冲洗,晾干即得。
实施例12
将栀子红(色价E=10)配制成1g/L的染色溶液,稀释10倍,作为染浴溶液,加入0.5g/L的硫酸铝钾做媒染剂,将经过沸水浸泡过的平纹蚕丝,按照1:100染浴比放入染浴溶液中,室温入染并匀速升温至80℃,升温完成后,保温染色60min,冷却至60℃后,用流水充分冲洗,晾干即得。
取实施例1-12染色获得的丝绸样品,按照色牢度评价方法,测定染料的耐候性,结果见表1
表1:活性染料色牢度特性
所述实施例1-6色牢度说明,该活性染料系列对于丝绸着色具有很高的耐水洗、耐皂洗、耐汗渍色牢度。对比实施例11及实施例12所述的栀子蓝以及栀子红天然染料染色效果,通过本发明制备得到的天然活性蓝以及天然活性洋红,在色牢度尤其在耐皂洗及耐汗渍色牢度方面具有明显的优势,并且可以在低浓度下获得相当深的染色效果并可以满足深色丝绸洗涤不掉色的需求,同时高的耐汗渍色牢度使之更适合作为贴身衣物及婴幼儿用品。
所述实施例1及7-10色牢度说明,媒染剂对于活性染料耐光照色牢度的影响较大,通过使用不同金属盐媒染能够提高该系列活性染料系列对于丝绸着色的耐光照色牢度,根据实际效果优选实施例9中硫酸氧钛为媒染剂,处理后能够使得染色后丝绸获得最佳的耐光照牢度,解决大部分天然来源染料不耐光的通病。
取实施例9染色获得的丝绸样品,用SEM观察表面的形貌情况并且通过红外光谱分析,研究染料对于蚕丝表面结构的影响。
通过实施例9染色前后蚕丝纤维SEM图(图1)对比,发现染色后(10.29μm)的蚕丝纤维其直径较染色前(10.16μm)有所增加,表明该染料与蚕丝表面充分的反应并以共价键结合,染料大分子以镀膜的形式结合于表面,说明该类染料属于聚合染色机理,牢度提高并且不会明显改变蚕丝手感,造成僵硬板结等问题。
红外散射光谱实验结果表明(图2),蚕丝在1230 cm-1及1518cm-1左右的红外吸收强度明显增加,该区域与丝绸表面的亚氨基及环化亚氨基有关,同样染色后3281cm-1处(固相下酰胺键的吸收峰)的红外吸收也明显的增加了,此变化表明有效成分中缩醛以及不饱和羧酸及其酯结构,在媒染剂催化下通过与丝绸表面的游离伯胺基反应形成复杂的环状亚胺以及酰胺。由此说明蚕丝染色后染料与其表面氨基结合形成了牢固共价结构,从而实现高耐水洗及耐光照特性活性染色目的。同时通过本类染料染色后的丝绸,其反射光的能力增加,使得丝绸具有一定的金属光泽,并且原有丝绸手感没有显著的改变。
Claims (6)
1.一种天然丝绸染色剂,其特征在于其组成包括植物水解液与天然氨基酸或氨基酸盐。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种天然丝绸染色剂,其特征在于所述植物水解液为栀子水解液、杜仲水解液、地黄水解液、龙胆水解液或女贞子水解液,其对应的有效成分分别是京尼平、京尼平酸、梓醇苷元、龙胆苦苷元和女贞苷元,水解液中的有效的质量浓度为0.01-1%。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种天然丝绸染色剂,所述的天然氨基酸为甘氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、丙氨酸、苯丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、精氨酸、丝氨酸或牛磺酸,氨基酸盐为谷氨酸钠或色氨酸钠。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种天然丝绸染色剂,植物水解液中的有效成分与天然氨基酸或氨基酸盐的质量比为1:1~100。
5.一种如权利要求1-4任一所述的天然丝绸染色剂在蚕丝染色中的应用,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
1)将天然丝绸染色剂配制成0.1-20g/L的染色溶液,优选10g/L;根据需要获得的染色深度稀释至10-100倍,作为染浴溶液,按照0.05-0.5g/L的浓度加入媒染剂;
2)将经过沸水浸泡过的平纹蚕丝,按照1:50-1:500的染浴比放入染浴溶液中,优选1:100染浴比,室温入染,升温至60-100℃,优选80oC,保温染色20-60min,优选30min,染色后用流水充分冲洗,晾干或烘干。
6.如权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于所述媒染剂为硫酸铝钾、硫酸锌、硫酸铜、硫酸氧钛或硫酸亚铁等金属盐。
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