CN115537612A - 6013 type aluminum alloy and processing technology thereof - Google Patents
6013 type aluminum alloy and processing technology thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115537612A CN115537612A CN202211329409.9A CN202211329409A CN115537612A CN 115537612 A CN115537612 A CN 115537612A CN 202211329409 A CN202211329409 A CN 202211329409A CN 115537612 A CN115537612 A CN 115537612A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C31/00—Control devices, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal; Measuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
Abstract
The invention discloses a 6013 type aluminum alloy and a processing technology thereof, wherein the processing technology comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.03 to 0.12 percent of Mn, 0.6 to 1.0 percent of Si, 0.7 to 1.2 percent of Mg, 0.6 to 1.1 percent of Cu, 0 to 0.1 percent of Cr, 0 to 0.1 percent of Ti, 0 to 0.25 percent of Zn, 0 to 0.5 percent of Fe, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities. The invention ensures the strength performance of the material by adjusting the proportion of main elements and the content of trace element Mn and controlling the processing technology, so that the extrusion production efficiency of the 6013 type aluminum alloy material is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to 6013 type aluminum alloy and a processing technology thereof.
Background
The 6-series aluminum alloy is also called aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, is a heat treatment type corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy, has higher strength and corrosion resistance and better uniformity, and is applied to important industries such as aerospace, weaponry, transportation, electric power and the like.
6013 type aluminum alloy has a wide application in aerospace, and also has a wide application in civil consumer goods, such as aluminum alloy middle frames for mobile phones. Since 6013 aluminum alloy has a higher alloying degree than 6063, 6013 aluminum alloy has a lower production efficiency than 6063, such as a low extrusion speed, a high extrusion pressure, etc. Moreover, the metals and alloys inevitably generate dendritic segregation and eutectic structures during the casting solidification process, and the dendritic segregation and eutectic structures in the alloys must be eliminated or reduced through a homogenization treatment process, so that the nonuniformity of chemical compositions and structures in the alloys is reduced. The temperature in the homogenization process influences the dissolution speed of the eutectic phase, and when the temperature is higher, the heat preservation time can be reduced. The heating and cooling rates in the homogenization process also influence the structure of the homogenized aluminum alloy, the cooling rate is too high, great stress can be generated in the structure, the aluminum alloy is deformed, the cooling rate is slow, and coarse Mg can be generated 2 Si phase is separated out, and the later processing performance of the aluminum alloy is seriously influenced.
Therefore, in order to improve the production efficiency of 6013 type aluminum alloy material, in addition to adjusting the mold, it is necessary to optimize the material and the material processing process from the material perspective, improve the structural state of the material during the extrusion process, and finally affect the deformation resistance and the extrusion characteristics of the material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a 6013 type alloy with higher production efficiency and a processing technology thereof to meet the market demand aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an aluminum alloy type 6013, comprising, in mass percent: 0.03 to 0.12 percent of Mn, 0.6 to 1.0 percent of Si, 0.7 to 1.2 percent of Mg, 0.6 to 1.1 percent of Cu, 0 to 0.1 percent of Cr, 0 to 0.1 percent of Ti, 0 to 0.25 percent of Zn, 0 to 0.5 percent of Fe, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
Further, the mass ratio of Mg to Si is 0.7 to 0.9.
The processing technology of the 6013 type aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
weighing raw materials according to the mass percentage of each element in the 6013 type aluminum alloy, and smelting and casting to obtain an ingot;
homogenizing and annealing the cast ingot, heating the cast ingot to 550-580 ℃ at the speed of 50-100 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 6-36 h, cooling the cast ingot to 400-500 ℃ at the speed of 10-35 ℃/h, and cooling the cast ingot to below 60 ℃ at the speed of 80-200 ℃/h;
extruding the homogenized aluminum alloy material to obtain an extruded material, wherein the extrusion speed in the extrusion process is more than 10m/min;
carrying out aging treatment on the extruded material, heating the extruded material after the extrusion treatment to 120-140 ℃ at the speed of 5-20 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3-8 h, and then heating to 160-190 ℃ at the speed of 10-15 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3-8 h.
Further, extruding the homogenized material, wherein the rod temperature is 500-560 ℃, and the outlet temperature of the extruded material is 500-550 ℃.
The Mn in the 6013 type aluminum alloy mainly plays a role in controlling crystal grains, and the deformation structure of the material is a fibrous structure by controlling the content of Mn, so that the material is ensured to have a high extrusion effect. However, if the Mn content is too high, a large amount of coarse insoluble intermetallic compounds are formed in the structure, causing the material to fail under certain application conditions (e.g., causing the material to be tingled during the high-brightness anodization process). In addition, certain Mn-containing intermetallic compounds can promote Mg 2 Si nucleates thereon to improve the squeezing effect of the material, and thus the content thereof should be controlled between 0.03 and 0.12 wt.%.
Si and Mg are reinforcing elements in 6-series aluminum alloy, and form a reinforcing phase Mg 2 The content mass ratio of the precursor of Si is controlled to be 0.7-0.9 of Mg to Si, so that the formation of a strengthening phase can be promoted without influencing the extrusion effect of the material.
After the above materials are obtained, the homogenization process needs to be controlled: heating to 550-580 deg.C at 50-100 deg.C/h, keeping the temperature for 6-36 h, cooling to 400-500 deg.C at 10-35 deg.C/h, and cooling at 80-200 deg.C/hTo below 60 ℃. The temperature rising rate was controlled so that the crystalline phase Mg 2 A part of Si or S phase containing Cu is dissolved in the temperature rising process, which is beneficial to the dissolution of a soluble coarse second phase in the subsequent heat preservation process; the heat preservation is carried out for 6 to 36 hours at the temperature of between 550 and 580 ℃ so as to effectively further dissolve the soluble coarse second phase; the temperature reduction speed is controlled after the heat preservation is finished so as to control the precipitation of a second phase, wherein the temperature reduction to 400-500 ℃ at the speed of 10-35 ℃/h is used for controlling the precipitation of an Fe-containing phase; cooling to below 60 ℃ at a high speed of 80-200 ℃/h in order to avoid coarse Mg 2 Si phase is separated out, so that the mechanical property or the extrusion property of the material is influenced; the extruded material is heated to 120-140 ℃ at the speed of 5-20 ℃/h and is kept warm for 3-8 h, and then heated to 160-190 ℃ at the speed of 10-15 ℃/h and is kept warm for 3-8 h. Controlling the temperature rise speed of the first stage to promote the formation of a low-temperature strengthening phase core so as to prepare for the formation of the low-temperature strengthening phase in the first-stage heat preservation process; after the first-stage heat preservation is finished, the temperature rising rate is controlled to the second-stage heat preservation to promote the transformation from the low-temperature strengthening phase core to the high-temperature strengthening phase, so that the material has a strengthening phase with a large volume fraction after the aging is finished, namely the material has high strength.
The invention ensures the strength performance of the material by adjusting the proportion of the main elements and the content of the trace element Mn and controlling the processing technology, so that the extrusion production efficiency of the material is greatly improved.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the claims.
Example 1
6013 type aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.03% of Mn, 0.7% of Si, 0.9% of Mg, 0.7% of Cu, 0.01% of Cr, 0.02% of Ti, 0.03% of Zn, 0.08% of Fe, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
Weighing raw materials according to the mass percentage of each element in the 6013 type aluminum alloy, and smelting and casting to obtain an ingot; homogenizing and annealing the cast ingot, heating the cast ingot to 580 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 6h, cooling the cast ingot to 500 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/h, and cooling the cast ingot to below 60 ℃ at the speed of 200 ℃/h; extruding the homogenized material, wherein the rod temperature is 560 ℃, the outlet temperature of the extruded material is 550 ℃, and the extrusion speed in the extrusion process is 10.5m/min; and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the extruded material, heating the obtained extruded material to 140 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/h, preserving heat for 8h, and heating to 190 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/h, preserving heat for 8h.
Example 2
The 6013 type aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.12% of Mn, the contents of other elements being the same as those in example 1, and the balance being Al and inevitable impurities.
Weighing raw materials according to the mass percentage of each element in the 6013 type aluminum alloy, and smelting and casting to obtain an ingot; homogenizing and annealing the cast ingot, heating the cast ingot to 550 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 36h, cooling the cast ingot to 400 ℃ at the speed of 35 ℃/h, and cooling the cast ingot to below 60 ℃ at the speed of 80 ℃/h; extruding the homogenized material, wherein the rod temperature is 560 ℃, the outlet temperature of the extruded material is 550 ℃, and the extrusion speed in the extrusion process is 11.2m/min; and (3) aging the extruded material, heating the obtained extruded material to 120 ℃ at a speed of 20 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3h, heating to 160 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 3h.
Example 3
6013 type aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.08% of Mn, the contents of other elements being the same as those in example 1, and the balance being Al and inevitable impurities.
Weighing raw materials according to the mass percentage of each element in the 6013 type aluminum alloy, and smelting and casting to obtain an ingot; homogenizing and annealing the cast ingot, heating the cast ingot to 560 ℃ at the speed of 70 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 18h, cooling the cast ingot to 450 ℃ at the speed of 15 ℃/h, and cooling the cast ingot to below 60 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h; extruding the homogenized material, wherein the rod temperature is 560 ℃, the outlet temperature of the extruded material is 550 ℃, and the extrusion speed in the extrusion process is 10.9m/min; and (3) aging the extruded material, heating the obtained extruded material to 130 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/h, preserving heat for 5h, heating to 170 ℃ at a speed of 12 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 9h.
Example 4
6013 type aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mn 0.03%, mg/Si =0.9, the contents of other elements are the same as in example 1, and the balance is Al and inevitable impurities.
Weighing raw materials according to the mass percentage of each element in the 6013 type aluminum alloy, and smelting and casting to obtain an ingot; homogenizing and annealing the cast ingot, heating the cast ingot to 580 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 6h, cooling the cast ingot to 500 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/h, and cooling the cast ingot to below 60 ℃ at the speed of 200 ℃/h; extruding the homogenized material, wherein the rod temperature is 560 ℃, the outlet temperature of the extruded material is 550 ℃, and the extrusion speed in the extrusion process is 12.1m/min; and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the extruded material, heating the obtained extruded material to 140 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/h, keeping the temperature for 8h, and then heating to 190 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 8h.
Example 5
6013 type aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mn 0.03%, mg/Si =0.8, the contents of other elements are the same as in example 1, and the balance is Al and inevitable impurities.
Weighing raw materials according to the mass percentage of each element in the 6013 type aluminum alloy, and smelting and casting to obtain an ingot; homogenizing and annealing the cast ingot, heating the cast ingot to 580 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 6h, cooling the cast ingot to 500 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/h, and cooling the cast ingot to below 60 ℃ at the speed of 200 ℃/h; extruding the homogenized material, wherein the rod temperature is 560 ℃, the outlet temperature of the extruded material is 550 ℃, and the extrusion speed in the extrusion process is 12.1m/min; and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the extruded material, heating the obtained extruded material to 140 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/h, keeping the temperature for 8h, and then heating to 190 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 8h.
Comparative example 1
The composition of the alloy was identical to that of example 1, but the following processing procedure was used:
weighing raw materials according to the mass percentage of each element in the 6013 type aluminum alloy, and smelting and casting to obtain an ingot; homogenizing and annealing the cast ingot, heating the cast ingot to 580 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving the heat for 6 hours, and then carrying out forced air cooling for 4 hours and cooling to below 60 ℃; extruding the homogenized material, wherein the rod temperature is 560 ℃, the outlet temperature of the extruded material is 550 ℃, and the extrusion speed in the extrusion process is 7.6m/min; and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the extruded material, heating the obtained extruded material to 140 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/h, keeping the temperature for 8h, and then heating to 190 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 8h.
Comparative example 2
The composition of the alloy was identical to that of example 1, but the following processing procedure was used:
homogenizing and annealing the cast ingot, heating the cast ingot to 580 ℃ at a speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 6h, cooling the cast ingot to 500 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/h, and cooling the cast ingot to below 60 ℃ at a speed of 200 ℃/h; extruding the homogenized material at a rod temperature of 560 ℃, an extruded material outlet temperature of 550 ℃ and an extrusion speed of 9.8m/min in the extrusion process; and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the extruded material, and keeping the temperature of the obtained extruded material at 190 ℃ for 8h.
Comparative example 3
The Mn content in the alloy was 0.5wt%, the contents of other elements were the same as those in example 1, the extrusion speed in the extrusion process was 5.7m/min, and the other processing techniques were the same as those in example 1.
Comparative example 4
Mg/Si =0.6, the other alloy components are consistent with example 1, the extrusion speed in the extrusion process is 8.3m/min, and the other processing techniques are consistent with example 1.
Table 1 shows the properties of the alloys in the examples of the present invention and the comparative examples.
As shown in Table 1, the invention enables the extrusion production efficiency of the 6013 type aluminum alloy material to be greatly improved on the basis of ensuring the material strength by reasonably adjusting the content of each element in the aluminum alloy and controlling the processing technology.
Those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains can also make appropriate alterations and modifications to the above-described embodiments, in light of the above disclosure. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (4)
1. An 6013 type aluminum alloy, comprising: the 6013 type aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.03 to 0.12 percent of Mn, 0.6 to 1.0 percent of Si, 0.7 to 1.2 percent of Mg, 0.6 to 1.1 percent of Cu, 0 to 0.1 percent of Cr, 0 to 0.1 percent of Ti, 0 to 0.25 percent of Zn, 0 to 0.5 percent of Fe, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
2. The type 6013 aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of Mg to Si is 0.7-0.9.
3. A process of processing the type 6013 aluminum alloy of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
weighing raw materials according to the mass percentage of each element in the 6013 type aluminum alloy, and smelting and casting to obtain an ingot;
homogenizing and annealing the cast ingot, heating the cast ingot to 550-580 ℃ at the speed of 50-100 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 6-36 h, cooling the cast ingot to 400-500 ℃ at the speed of 10-35 ℃/h, and cooling the cast ingot to below 60 ℃ at the speed of 80-200 ℃/h;
extruding the homogenized aluminum alloy material to obtain an extruded material, wherein the extrusion speed in the extrusion process is more than 10m/min;
carrying out aging treatment on the extruded material, heating the extruded material after the extrusion treatment to 120-140 ℃ at the speed of 5-20 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3-8 h, and then heating to 160-190 ℃ at the speed of 10-15 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3-8 h.
4. The processing technology of aluminum alloy type 6013, according to claim 3, wherein: extruding the homogenized material at the rod temperature of 500-560 ℃ and the outlet temperature of the extruded material of 500-550 ℃.
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