CN112626391B - Low-silicon high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-silicon high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-silicon high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si is 1.5 to 3 percent; fe is 0.4 to 1.3 percent; 0 to 0.1% of Sr; 0-1% of RE is also included; the total content of impurity elements is less than 0.15%; the balance being Al. According to the invention, the contents of Si and Fe are adjusted, so that the aluminum alloy is kept in a low-content state, the adverse effect of the aluminum alloy on the heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy is reduced, and meanwhile, the aluminum alloy still has high die-casting manufacturability and can be die-cast at 670-720 ℃.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to a low-silicon high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the fields of 3C products, automotive communication electronics, and the like are under increasing pressure to reduce weight. Meanwhile, some parts often have higher requirements on the heat-conducting property of materials, especially heat dissipation devices, so as to ensure and improve the service life and the working stability of products.
The aluminum alloy has good comprehensive performance, and has the advantages of small density, high strength, good electric and thermal conductivity, simple processing and the like, thereby better meeting the requirements of product structure and heat dissipation, and being widely applied to the fields of automobiles, electronics, communication and the like. The thermal conductivity of pure aluminum at room temperature is higher, about 238W/(m.K), the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy is gradually reduced along with the increase of alloy elements, and the influence of different elements on the thermal conductivity of the alloy is greatly different. This is mainly determined by the free electron heat conduction mechanism of the metal, and the heat conduction characteristics of the aluminum alloy are related to the degree of lattice distortion, defects, impurities, phase composition and distribution in the structure.
Compared with the forming processes such as extrusion, forging, stamping and the like, the die-casting forming process has the characteristics of high production efficiency, low cost, high dimensional precision, excellent mechanical property, capability of forming thin-wall deep-cavity castings with complex shapes and clear outlines and the like, is a high-speed and high-pressure near-net forming process, and is particularly suitable for integrated design and integrated forming of heat-conducting and heat-dissipating devices.
However, the material of the parts in the communication, electronic and traffic fields of the thin-wall shell type produced by die casting is mainly AlSi12 (Fe), the heat conductivity coefficient of the aluminum alloy is obviously reduced due to the fact that 10.5-13.5% of Si in the alloy is dissolved in an aluminum matrix in a solid mode, and a certain amount of alloy elements such as Mg, Mn, Cu and the like are added, so that the heat conductivity coefficient in the alloy is greatly reduced, the heat conductivity coefficient of the alloy is generally not more than 160W/(m.K), but if the heat conductivity coefficient is improved, the die casting manufacturability is affected, and the die casting processing is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a low-silicon high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problem that the heat conductivity coefficient and the die-casting manufacturability of the aluminum alloy cannot be improved simultaneously in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a low-silicon high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
si is 1.5 to 3 percent; fe is 0.4 to 1.3 percent; 0 to 0.1% of Sr; 0-1% of RE is also included; impurity elements are less than 0.15%; the balance being Al.
Preferably, the RE is one or more of La, Ce and Sm.
Preferably, the RE is Ce.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si is 1.8 to 2.3 percent; 0.6 to 0.82 percent of Fe; RE is 0.1 to 0.5 percent; 0.02 to 0.06 percent of Sr; the total content of impurity elements is less than 0.15%, and the balance is Al.
Preferably, the alloy further comprises Cu, Mn, Zn, Mg and Ni, and the mass percentage of the single elements is less than 0.1%.
The preparation method of the low-silicon high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy provided by the invention comprises the following steps of:
(1) preparing raw materials: preparing raw materials quantitatively according to the mass percentage;
(2) melting: melting Al, heating to 730-750 ℃, adding Fe, Si and RE for melting, and uniformly stirring to obtain a melt I; cooling, adding Sr to continue melting to obtain a melt II, and standing;
(3) die casting: and cooling the melt II to 670-720 ℃, fishing out the surface scum, and then pouring to obtain the low-silicon low-iron high-fluidity high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy.
Preferably, a refining agent is added in the step (3), the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.5-2% by mass of the melt II, and the refining agent is a chloride refining agent.
Preferably, the die-casting aluminum alloy obtained after the die-casting in the step (3) is subjected to a T5 heat treatment.
Preferably, in the step (2), the RE is Al-RE alloy, and the Sr is Al-Sr alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, a proper amount of Si is added into the aluminum alloy, so that the fluidity of the aluminum alloy can be increased; a proper amount of Fe element is added, so that the die sticking problem between a die casting and a die-casting die can be solved; but simultaneously keeping Si and Fe in a low-content state, the aluminum alloy still has high die casting manufacturability, can be die cast at 670-720 ℃, and the obtained die casting has high thermal conductivity which can reach 170-190W/(m.K).
2. According to the invention, the rare earth elements are added into the aluminum alloy, because the temperature of the die casting is kept at 300-450 ℃ in the demolding process, the die casting is soft and is easy to deform in the ejection process, the appearance of the product is affected, and demolding is difficult, and the added rare earth elements can form high-melting-point intermetallic compounds with Al, such as Al11Re3, Al3Re, Al2Ce and the like, so that the strength of the aluminum alloy can be improved, and the product is prevented from deforming in the die casting and demolding process.
3. The Sr element is added, the Sr element can change the shape of the Si element in the aluminum alloy, the formation of thicker Si particles is avoided, and the adverse effect of the thicker Si particles on the heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy is reduced, so that the heat conductivity of the obtained die casting can reach 200-220W/(m.K) after the die casting is subjected to T5 heat treatment, and is closer to that of pure aluminum 239W/(m.K).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Low-silicon high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy
The low-silicon high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
si is 1.5 to 3 percent; fe is 0.4 to 1.3 percent; 0 to 0.1% of Sr; 0-1% of RE is also included; impurity elements are less than 0.15%; the balance being Al.
Wherein the RE is a rare earth element, and the RE is one or more of La, Ce and Sm. The RE is further preferably Ce.
In specific implementation, the die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si is 1.8 to 2.3 percent; 0.6 to 0.82 percent of Fe; RE is 0.1 to 0.5 percent; 0.02 to 0.06 percent of Sr; the total content of other impurities is less than 0.15 percent, and the balance is Al. Wherein, the alloy also comprises Cu, Mn, Zn, Mg and Ni, and the mass percentage of the single element is less than 0.1 percent. In the invention, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mg and Ni belong to special impurity elements, the contents of the special impurity elements are strictly controlled, the heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy is adversely affected by the excessively high contents of the special impurity elements, and the content of a single element of the aluminum alloy is less than 0.1 percent. In addition, the total content of other impurity elements is less than 0.15%, and the content of single impurity element is less than 0.03%.
TABLE 1 (unit: wt%)
| Examples | Si | Cu | Mn | Zn | Fe | Mg | Ni | Sr | RE | Sum of impurity elements |
| 1 | 1.90 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.65 | 0.01 | 0.005 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.12 |
| 2 | 2.02 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.72 | 0.02 | 0.005 | 0.04 | 0.20 | 0.13 |
| 3 | 2.10 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.73 | 0.03 | 0.006 | 0.04 | 0.50 | 0.10 |
| 4 | 2.25 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.75 | 0.03 | 0.006 | 0.05 | 0.40 | 0.14 |
| 5 | 2.30 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.81 | 0.02 | 0.005 | 0.04 | 0.30 | 0.14 |
| 6 | 2.15 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.69 | 0.03 | 0.006 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.11 |
Second, preparation method of low-silicon high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy
The preparation method of the low-silicon high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of:
(1) preparing raw materials: preparing the raw materials quantitatively according to the mass percentage. Wherein, Si and Fe can be added in the form of pure metal or alloy.
(2) Melting: melting Al, heating to 730-750 ℃, adding Fe, Si and RE for melting, and uniformly stirring to obtain a melt I; cooling to 700 ℃, adding Sr to continue melting to obtain a melt II, and standing. Wherein RE is Al-RE alloy, and Sr is Al-Sr alloy.
(3) Die casting: and cooling the melt II to 690-710 ℃, fishing out the surface scum, and then pouring to obtain the low-silicon low-iron high-fluidity high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy. And (3) adding a refining agent into the melt II, wherein the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.5-2% by mass percent of the melt II, and the refining agent is a chloride refining agent.
When the method is specifically implemented, die casting is carried out through a 300-ton die casting machine, and the die casting process comprises the following steps:
the temperature of the molten aluminum is 690-710 ℃, and the low-speed is as follows: 0.18-0.25 m/S, high speed of 3.5m/S, die-casting mold-remaining cooling time: 8-12 s, and the die casting cycle time is 35-45 s.
The die-casting aluminum alloys of examples 1 to 5 were prepared by the above method using the raw material ratios in table 1, and the performance of the die-casting aluminum alloys in the die-casting state was tested as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Examples | Yield strength (MPa) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Thermal conductivity (W/(m.K)) |
| 1 | 112.00 | 215.00 | 3.50 | 185.00 |
| 2 | 121.00 | 220.00 | 4.30 | 180.00 |
| 3 | 128.00 | 228.00 | 4.30 | 205.00 |
| 4 | 130.00 | 221.00 | 5.00 | 198.00 |
| 5 | 118.00 | 216.00 | 3.90 | 190.00 |
| 6 | 106.00 | 195.00 | 4.5 | 182.00 |
As can be seen from the table above, the increase of the addition amount of RE can improve the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy, and even if the content of Si is improved, the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy cannot be affected; and Sr is added, so that the die casting can keep the integrity of the appearance of the die casting during ejection, and the situation of difficult demoulding can not occur.
Specifically, the die-cast aluminum alloys obtained by die-casting in examples 1 to 5 were subjected to a T5 heat treatment, and the T5 heat treatment was performed in a state of being cooled by a high-temperature forming process and then artificially aged. Heating the die-casting aluminum alloy obtained in the embodiment 1-5 to 250-340 ℃, and preserving heat for 3-5 hours. The properties of examples 1-5 after T5 heat treatment were tested and are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
| Examples | Yield strength (MPa) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Thermal conductivity (W/(m.K)) |
| 1 | 85.00 | 165.00 | 4.20 | 213.00 |
| 2 | 98.00 | 176.00 | 5.20 | 220.00 |
| 3 | 88.00 | 168.00 | 7.00 | 215.00 |
| 4 | 82.00 | 172.00 | 5.00 | 225.00 |
| 5 | 90.00 | 175.00 | 6.80 | 212.00 |
| 6 | 82.00 | 158.00 | 5.60 | 205.00 |
As can be seen from the above table, the thermal conductivity of the die casting can be further improved by the T5 heat treatment, so that the thermal conductivity is closer to the thermal conductivity 239W/(m.K) of pure aluminum.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions, and those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all that should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The low-silicon high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: si is 1.8 to 2.3 percent; 0.6 to 0.82 percent of Fe; RE is 0.1 to 0.5 percent; 0.02 to 0.06 percent of Sr; the total content of impurity elements is less than 0.15 percent, and the balance is Al;
the RE is Ce;
the alloy also comprises Cu, Mn, Zn, Mg and Ni, and the mass percent of the single element is less than 0.1 percent.
2. A preparation method of the low-silicon high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy, which is characterized by preparing the low-silicon high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy of claim 1 and comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: preparing raw materials quantitatively according to the mass percentage;
(2) melting: melting Al, heating to 730-750 ℃, adding Fe, Si and RE for melting, and uniformly stirring to obtain a melt I; cooling, adding Sr to continue melting to obtain a melt II, and standing;
(3) die casting: and cooling the melt II to 670-720 ℃, fishing out the surface scum, and then pouring to obtain the low-silicon low-iron high-fluidity high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy.
3. The preparation method of the low-silicon high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein a refining agent is added in the step (3), the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.5-2% by mass of the melt II, and the refining agent is a chloride salt refining agent.
4. The preparation method of the low-silicon high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein the die-casting aluminum alloy obtained after the die-casting in the step (3) is subjected to T5 heat treatment.
5. The method for preparing the low-silicon high-thermal-conductivity die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the RE is an Al-RE alloy, and the Sr is an Al-Sr alloy.
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| CN113604711A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-11-05 | 重庆美利信科技股份有限公司 | Low-silicon high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114107755B (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-09-16 | 上海交通大学重庆研究院 | Al-Si-Cu high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN115505799B (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-07-04 | 重庆慧鼎华创信息科技有限公司 | High-strength and high-toughness gravity casting aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
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