CN110527870B - High-thermal-conductivity cast aluminum alloy containing Mn-Fe-Cu and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-thermal-conductivity cast aluminum alloy containing Mn-Fe-Cu and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A high-thermal-conductivity casting aluminum alloy containing Mn-Fe-Cu comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1 to 10.0 percent of Mn; 0.1 to 5.0 percent of Fe; 0.1 to 5.0 percent of Cu; 0.1 to 5.0 percent of X; impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.2 percent; the balance of Al; wherein the X element is any one or the combination of any two or more of Ce, Y, Ti, B, Mo, Er, Cd, Zr and the like. The component of the high-thermal-conductivity cast aluminum alloy containing Mn-Fe-Cu is designed, the content of Cu is increased, trace elements capable of forming fine metal phase grains are added, after a casting prepared from the component is subjected to T5 heat treatment, solid-dissolved Cu atoms in a primary aluminum phase are separated out, and the thermal conductivity of a material body is effectively improved. In addition, the tiny metal phase crystal grains formed by the trace elements are used as nucleation pivot points to play a role in controlling the refining of the alloy structure in the solidification process, and the trace elements only exist in the grain boundary of the alloy structure and cannot enter a primary aluminum phase in a solid solution mode, so that the trace elements also play a very important role in improving the thermal conductivity of the alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cast aluminum alloy, in particular to a high-thermal-conductivity cast aluminum alloy containing Mn-Fe-Cu and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the increasing living standard, people pursue new products and new technologies more and more, and the technological updating and the updating period of the new products are faster and faster, in particular to electronic and electric products which are closely related to the daily life of people. Electronic and electrical products are gradually tending to be miniaturized and run at high speed, and the requirement of the electronic and electrical products on heat dissipation performance is higher and higher in the development mode. The main factor determining the heat dissipation performance of the electronic and electric products is the material of the heat dissipation device. Currently, most heat dissipation devices are made of aluminum alloys, which mainly include two main categories: wrought aluminum alloys and cast aluminum alloys. The wrought aluminum alloy is an aluminum alloy whose structure and shape are changed by processes such as stamping, bending, rolling, extruding and the like. The aluminum alloy of the part can be directly obtained by a metal casting forming process.
In the past, wrought aluminum alloys have dominated the production of heat dissipation devices, and are generally welded using plates or directly used using profiles. With the requirement of product upgrading, the shape of the heat dissipation device is more and more complex, and the profile and the welding part can not meet the requirement, so that more and more heat dissipation devices need to be manufactured by a casting method. However, compared with wrought aluminum alloys, cast aluminum alloys contain a large amount of solute elements, and the thermal conductivity of the alloy material is greatly reduced. For example, the thermal conductivity of the conventional A380 casting alloy is 105-108W/(m.K), while the thermal conductivity of the 6061 wrought aluminum alloy is 151-202W/(m.K), so that the heat radiation performance of a heat radiator prepared from an aluminum alloy with low thermal conductivity is greatly reduced, and the heat radiator cannot meet the actual requirements under many conditions. In order to meet the market demand, the thermal conductivity of cast aluminum alloys needs to be improved on the basis of meeting the mechanical property requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problem of low heat conductivity coefficient of the current cast aluminum alloy and provides a high heat conductivity cast aluminum alloy containing Mn-Fe-Cu.
In order to achieve the purpose, the application provides a high-thermal-conductivity casting aluminum alloy containing Mn-Fe-Cu, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1 to 10.0 percent of Mn; 0.1 to 5.0 percent of Fe; 0.1 to 5.0 percent of Cu; 0.1 to 5.0 percent of X; impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.2 percent; the balance of Al; wherein the X element is any one or the combination of any more than two of Ce, Y, Ti, B, Mo, Er, Cd and Zr.
As a further improvement of the application, the Mn-Fe-Cu-containing high-thermal-conductivity cast aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.3 to 8.0 percent of Mn; 0.1 to 3.5 percent of Fe; 0.1 to 3.5 percent of Cu; 0.1 to 2.5 percent of X; impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.2 percent; the balance of Al; wherein the X element is any one or the combination of any more than two of Ce, Y, Ti, B, Mo, Er, Cd and Zr.
As a further improvement of the application, the Mn-Fe-Cu-containing high-thermal-conductivity cast aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 3.0 percent of Mn; 0.2 to 1.5 percent of Fe; 0.1 to 1.5 percent of Cu; 0.1 to 0.5 percent of X; impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.2 percent; the balance of Al; wherein the X element is any one or the combination of any more than two of Ce, Y, Ti, B, Mo, Er, Cd and Zr.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application also provides a method for preparing a high thermal conductivity cast aluminum alloy containing Mn-Fe-Cu, comprising the steps of: s1, placing Al, Mn, Fe and Cu elements at 700-760 ℃ for full melting, uniformly mixing, and slagging off to obtain a first melt; s2, adding any one or the combination of any two or more of Ce, Y, Ti, B, Mo, Er, Cd and Zr into the first melt at the temperature of 700-760 ℃, fully melting and uniformly mixing to obtain a second melt; s3, degassing the second melt and adjusting the components of the second melt to obtain a third melt; s4, casting the third melt to obtain a blank cast aluminum alloy; s5, carrying out T5 heat treatment on the blank casting aluminum alloy to obtain the casting aluminum alloy.
As a further improvement of the present application, the temperature of the melting in step S1 and step S2 is 750 ℃.
As a further refinement of the present application, the second melt is degassed using nitrogen or argon in step S3.
As a further improvement of the present application, the casting process in step S4 is any one of metal mold casting, low-pressure casting, counter-pressure casting, and squeeze casting.
As a further improvement of the application, the Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ce, Y, Ti, B, Mo, Er, Cd and Zr elements are added in the form of pure elements or alloy ingots.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the component of the Mn-Fe-Cu-containing high-thermal-conductivity cast aluminum alloy is designed, the content of Cu is increased, any one or the combination of more than two of trace elements such as Ce, Y, Ti, B, Mo, Er, Cd, Zr and the like which can form fine metal phase crystal grains is added, Cu atoms dissolved in a primary aluminum phase are separated out after a casting prepared from the component is subjected to T5 heat treatment, and the thermal conductivity of a material body is effectively improved. In addition, the tiny metal phase crystal grains formed by the trace elements are used as nucleation pivot points to play a role in controlling the refining of the alloy structure in the solidification process, and the trace elements only exist in the grain boundary of the alloy structure and cannot enter a primary aluminum phase in a solid solution mode, so that the trace elements also play a very important role in improving the thermal conductivity of the alloy.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the specific embodiments of the present application. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
A high-thermal-conductivity casting aluminum alloy containing Mn-Fe-Cu comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1 to 10.0 percent of Mn; 0.1 to 5.0 percent of Fe; 0.1 to 5.0 percent of Cu; 0.1 to 5.0 percent of X; impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.2 percent; the balance of Al; wherein the X element is any one or the combination of any two or more of Ce, Y, Ti, B, Mo, Er, Cd, Zr and the like. After the cast aluminum alloy prepared by the components is subjected to T5 heat treatment, the thermal conductivity of the cast aluminum alloy can exceed 190W/(m.K), the yield strength exceeds 130MPa, the tensile strength exceeds 220MPa and the elongation exceeds 4%.
In the present application, the mass percentage of each component in the Mn-Fe-Cu-containing high thermal conductivity cast aluminum alloy may preferably be as follows: 0.3 to 8.0 percent of Mn; 0.1 to 3.5 percent of Fe; 0.1 to 3.5 percent of Cu; 0.1 to 2.5 percent of X; impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.2 percent; the balance of Al; wherein the X element is any one or the combination of any two or more of Ce, Y, Ti, B, Mo, Er, Cd, Zr and the like.
In the present application, the mass percentage of each component in the Mn-Fe-Cu-containing high thermal conductivity cast aluminum alloy may preferably be as follows: 0.5 to 3.0 percent of Mn; 0.2 to 1.5 percent of Fe; 0.1 to 1.5 percent of Cu; 0.1 to 0.5 percent of X; impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.2 percent; the balance of Al; wherein the X element is any one or the combination of any two or more of Ce, Y, Ti, B, Mo, Er, Cd, Zr and the like. After the cast aluminum alloy prepared by the components is subjected to T5 heat treatment, the thermal conductivity of the cast aluminum alloy can exceed 190W/(m.K), the yield strength exceeds 130MPa, the tensile strength exceeds 220MPa and the elongation exceeds 4%.
The preparation method of the Mn-Fe-Cu-containing high-thermal-conductivity cast aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of: s1, placing Al, Mn, Fe and Cu elements at 700-760 ℃ to be fully melted and uniformly mixed, and skimming, wherein the melt can be directly skived during skimming, or the melt can be subjected to slag making by using an auxiliary agent and then is skived to obtain a first melt; s2, adding any one or the combination of more than any two of elements such as Ce, Y, Ti, B, Mo, Er, Cd, Zr and the like into the first melt with the temperature maintained at 700-760 ℃, fully melting and uniformly mixing the elements, wherein the time for melting and mixing is at least 2 hours generally to obtain a second melt, and the temperature and the components of the metal liquid in the second melt are kept in a uniform state; s3, degassing the second melt and adjusting the components of the second melt to obtain a third melt, wherein the degassing process is to degas the metal melt by adopting nitrogen or argon to enable the melt to reach a preset hydrogen content; when detecting the alloy composition of the melt, if the alloy composition meets the preset requirement, the melt composition does not need to be adjusted, if the deviation is exceeded, additional elements need to be added into the second melt to adjust the composition so as to meet the preset composition requirement, such as: detecting the components of the third melt, if the component content of any element does not meet the preset requirement, adding corresponding elements (such as any one or more of Mn, Fe, Cu and X) which can enable the component content to meet the preset requirement into the melt kept at 700-760 ℃, detecting again after the melting is finished, continuously and repeatedly adding the corresponding elements, melting and detecting, adjusting the components of the third melt, and finally enabling the components of the third melt to meet the preset requirement; s4, die-casting the third melt to obtain a blank aluminum alloy casting, wherein the third melt needs to be kept at a certain temperature during die-casting so as to meet the requirement of a subsequent casting process; the casting process is any one of metal mold casting, low-pressure casting, counter-pressure casting and extrusion casting; s5, carrying out T5 heat treatment on the blank aluminum alloy casting to obtain the Mn-Fe-Cu-containing aluminum alloy casting.
In the application, the added metal elements such as Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ce, Y, Ti, B, Mo, Er, Cd, Zr and the like are added in the form of pure elements or alloy ingots; when the melting temperature in the steps S1 and S2 of the preparation method of the Mn-Fe-Cu-containing high-thermal-conductivity cast aluminum alloy is 750 ℃, the effect is better, Al, Mn, Fe and Cu elements are added before a smelting furnace is heated to the melting temperature, such as 750 ℃, and the smelting furnace can be an empty furnace with a crucible.
In the application, in order to realize that the thermal conductivity of the cast aluminum alloy can exceed 190W/(m.K), the yield strength can exceed 130MPa, the tensile strength exceeds 220MPa and the elongation rate exceeds 4%, and the heat treatment of the casting is an essential link, the alloy adopts T5 heat treatment, and the process can properly improve the yield strength on the premise of not reducing the elongation rate too much. T5 heat treatment is solution treatment and incomplete artificial aging, wherein the solution treatment is a heat treatment process for heating the alloy to a high-temperature single-phase region for keeping the constant temperature, fully dissolving the excess phase into the solid solution and then rapidly cooling to obtain a supersaturated solid solution; the incomplete artificial aging is a heat treatment process which adopts a relatively low aging temperature or a relatively short heat preservation time to obtain excellent comprehensive mechanical properties so as to obtain a supersaturated solid solution, and the maximum hardness and the maximum tensile strength are obtained. In the application, the temperature of the aging strengthening is 150-220 ℃ generally, and the aging strengthening time is different from several hours and is determined according to the structure and the size of the casting during the aging process in the T5 heat treatment. In the aging process, the Cu phase dissolved in the primary aluminum is precipitated, so that not only can the alloy strength be improved, but also the heat conduction rate in the Al phase can be accelerated, and the alloy thermal conductivity can be improved.
According to the components of the Mn-Fe-Cu-containing high-thermal-conductivity cast aluminum alloy and the preparation method of the high-thermal-conductivity cast aluminum alloy, three groups of examples are provided, the three groups of examples give out parameters of yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and thermal conductivity of the high-thermal-conductivity cast aluminum alloy prepared according to different components in an as-cast state and after T5 heat treatment, the temperature of aging strengthening of the T5 heat treatment is 180 ℃, the time of aging strengthening is 90mins, the specific contents are shown in the table I, and a casting in the table I needs to be cooled for at least 24 hours before being processed to obtain a tensile sample size meeting the requirements of ASTM B557M-10.
Table one: performance index of different cast aluminium alloys
As shown in the table one, the cast aluminum alloy without T5 heat treatment has a yield strength of up to 110MPa, a tensile strength of up to 187MPa, an elongation of more than 4%, and a thermal conductivity of up to 183 MPa; the yield strength of the high-thermal-conductivity cast aluminum alloy subjected to T5 heat treatment is not lower than 130MPa, the tensile strength is not lower than 220MPa, the elongation is more than 4%, and the thermal conductivity is more than 190W/(m.K). According to comparison of data in a table, the thermal conductivity of the cast aluminum alloy can be improved under the condition of ensuring the yield strength and the tensile strength of the cast aluminum alloy by improving the content of the Cu element in the components, adding trace elements such as Ce, Y, Ti, B, Mo, Er, Cd, Zr and the like and carrying out T5 heat treatment on the cast in the preparation process. The names of the cast aluminum alloy samples in the present application are named by mass percent and have the following meanings, for example: al-1.7Mn-0.8Fe-1.0Cu-0.1Zr-0.15Er means that the mass percentage of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zr and Er contained in the cast aluminum alloy is respectively 1.7%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 0.1% and 0.15%, and the balance is Al.
In the present application, the composition and content of the alloying elements are the main factors affecting the performance of the alloy, such as:
cu element: the Cu has high solubility in the aluminum alloy, the Cu exists in a solidified structure in a solid solution phase form in the solidification process, the Cu can play a solid solution strengthening role in the aluminum alloy under the as-cast condition without heat treatment, the strength of the alloy can be improved to a certain extent, but the heat in a primary aluminum phase of the solidified structure can be hindered by solid solution atom Cu in the transfer process, the thermal conductivity of metal is mainly determined by the diffusion rate of conduction electrons, the thermal conductivity of pure metal is the highest, the solid solution element atom existing in the primary phase can cause the distortion of material body lattices, the electron diffusion rate is reduced, so the as-cast thermal conductivity of the alloy is lower, but after T5 aging heat treatment, the Cu element dissolved in the primary aluminum phase is separated out, and the material is agedThe thermal conductivity of the body is increased, thereby reducing the heat transfer efficiency. In addition, the cast aluminum alloy subjected to the T5 heat treatment can precipitate Cu atoms dissolved in the primary aluminum phase to form nano-reinforced Al2Cu, and further improves the alloy strength.
Mn element: the method can improve the demoulding property, prevent the reaction of the aluminum alloy with an iron/steel mould under the high-temperature condition in the casting process, and can be used as an intermetallic compound required for forming second phase reinforcement.
Fe element: while generally considered a detrimental element in the process of making aluminum alloys, in the present invention, iron may serve as a beneficial alloying element to further reduce the die-sticking tendency, and although the plasticity of the alloy is somewhat reduced, the presence of iron increases the amount of secondary phases, thereby improving the strength and stiffness of the material.
X element: the X element is any one or the combination of any more than two of Ce, Y, Ti, B, Mo, Er, Cd, Zr and the like, is a trace element capable of forming a microalloy with Al, has low solubility in the aluminum alloy, can form fine metal phase grains such as AlZr, AlMo, AlCd and the like at the initial stage of casting solidification in a small adding amount, and serves as a nucleation fulcrum to play a role in controlling the solidification process to refine the alloy structure, thereby improving the casting performance of the alloy and controlling the solidification process. Meanwhile, the trace elements of X only exist at the grain boundary of the alloy structure and cannot enter a primary aluminum phase in a solid solution mode, and the important effect is achieved on improving the thermal conductivity of the alloy.
In conclusion, the component of the high-thermal-conductivity cast aluminum alloy containing Mn-Fe-Cu is designed, the content of Cu is increased, any one or the combination of more than any two of trace elements such as Ce, Y, Ti, B, Mo, Er, Cd and Zr which can form fine metal phase crystal grains is added, Cu atoms dissolved in a primary aluminum phase are separated out after a casting prepared from the component is subjected to T5 heat treatment, and the thermal conductivity of a material body is effectively improved. In addition, the tiny metal phase crystal grains formed by the trace elements are used as nucleation pivot points to play a role in controlling the refining of the alloy structure in the solidification process, and the trace elements only exist in the grain boundary of the alloy structure and cannot enter a primary aluminum phase in a solid solution mode, so that the trace elements also play a very important role in improving the thermal conductivity of the alloy.
The present application has been described in connection with only the presently preferred embodiments with the understanding that the present disclosure is not to be considered as limiting, and the present application is not limited to the examples described above, but rather, it is to be understood that changes, modifications, additions or substitutions that are within the spirit and scope of the application by one of ordinary skill in the art are included.
Claims (4)
1. The high-thermal-conductivity cast aluminum alloy containing Mn-Fe-Cu is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
the balance of Al;
wherein the X element is any one or the combination of any more than two of Ce, Y, Ti, Er and Zr;
the high-thermal-conductivity cast aluminum alloy containing Mn-Fe-Cu is prepared by the following steps:
s1, placing Al, Mn, Fe and Cu elements at 700-760 ℃ for full melting, uniformly mixing, and slagging off to obtain a first melt;
s2, adding any one or the combination of any two or more of Ce, Y, Ti, Er and Zr into the first melt with the temperature maintained at 700-760 ℃, fully melting, and uniformly mixing to obtain a second melt;
s3, degassing the second melt and adjusting the components of the second melt to obtain a third melt;
s4, casting the third melt to obtain a blank cast aluminum alloy;
s5, carrying out T5 heat treatment on the blank casting aluminum alloy to obtain a casting aluminum alloy;
wherein the casting process in the step S4 is any one of metal mold casting, low-pressure casting, counter-pressure casting and extrusion casting, the temperature of aging strengthening of the T5 heat treatment is 180 ℃, and the time of aging strengthening is 90 mins.
2. The Mn-Fe-Cu containing high thermally conductive cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the melting temperature in the steps S1 and S2 is 750 ℃.
3. The Mn-Fe-Cu containing high thermal conductivity cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the second melt is degassed using nitrogen or argon in step S3.
4. A Mn-Fe-Cu containing high thermal conductivity cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ce, Y, Ti, Er, Zr elements are added in the form of pure elements or alloy ingots.
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| CN116676512A (en) * | 2023-06-02 | 2023-09-01 | 佛山市营鑫新材料有限公司 | High-temperature-resistant Al-Mn-Fe-Ce die-casting aluminum alloy for cooking range as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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