CN111893354A - Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses an Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of aluminum alloys. The alloy comprises 10-14% of Si, 1.5-4% of Cu and 0.3-1.2% of Mg; further comprises at least one of 0.3-0.5% of Mn, 0.01-0.05% of Sb, 0.01-0.05% of Sr, 0.01-0.1% of Ti, 0.01-0.05% of C, 0.01-0.1% of Ca and 0.05-0.1% of Pseven, and P and Sr are not existed at the same time; and Fe is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, impurities are less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance is Al. The alloy can effectively improve the comprehensive properties of strength, toughness and hardness of the alloy material through the reasonable proportion of the components. The preparation method can effectively improve the comprehensive properties of the alloy material in the aspects of strength, toughness and hardness by optimizing the melt modification technology and the heat treatment system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloys, in particular to an Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum-silicon alloy is a lightweight material, has good casting and forming performance, has the characteristics of small density, high strength, good wear resistance, capability of performing deformation processing such as extrusion, forging and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of transportation, electronics, electricity and the like as a high-hardness wear-resistant part or a stressed part. With the continuous development of science and technology, higher requirements are put forward on the comprehensive properties of the aluminum-silicon alloy, such as strength, toughness, hardness and the like. The conventional deforming aluminum-silicon alloy used in the industry is 4032 alloy, the tensile strength of the 4032 alloy after heat treatment is about 380MPa, the yield strength is about 320MPa, and the Brinell hardness is about 130HB, so that the higher requirements of parts on the comprehensive properties of material strength, toughness, hardness and the like are difficult to meet.
Research shows that in aluminum-silicon alloy, the strength and hardness of the alloy can be improved by adding Cu and Mg elements. However, when the amount of Cu element is increased to a certain degree, the deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy is increased, and the stress corrosion resistance is reduced. After the Mg element is increased to a certain degree, the toughness of the aluminum alloy is obviously reduced. Therefore, the requirements of comprehensive properties such as high strength, high toughness and high hardness cannot be met only by increasing or adjusting the contents of Cu and Mg. And the casting formability of the alloy is reduced after the quantity of Mg and Cu elements is increased to a certain degree, and the yield of the material is influenced.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy which can effectively improve the comprehensive properties of strength, toughness and hardness of an alloy material through reasonable proportioning of all components.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy, which can effectively improve the excellent comprehensive performance of the material in the aspects of strength, toughness, hardness and the like after heat treatment by optimizing the melt modification treatment technology and the heat treatment system.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
in a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy comprising, in mass percent, 10-14% Si, 1.5-4% Cu, 0.3-1.2% Mg;
the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy further comprises at least one of, in mass percent, 0.3-0.5% of Mn, 0.01-0.05% of Sb, 0.01-0.05% of Sr, 0.01-0.1% of Ti, 0.01-0.05% of C, 0.01-0.1% of Ca, and 0.05-0.1% of Pseventeen, and P and Sr cannot be present at the same time;
in the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy, Fe is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, impurities are less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance is Al.
In an alternative embodiment, the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy further comprises, in mass percent, at least two of 0.3-0.5% Mn, 0.01-0.05% Sb, 0.01-0.05% Sr, 0.01-0.1% Ti, 0.01-0.05% C, 0.01-0.1% Ca, and 0.05-0.1% pgp, and P and Sr cannot both be present.
In an alternative embodiment, the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy comprises, in mass percent:
10.0% of Si, 1.5% of Cu, 0.8% of Mg, 0.35% of Mn, 0.01% of Sb, less than or equal to 0.25% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurities and the balance of Al;
or 11.8 percent of Si, 4.0 percent of Cu, 0.5 percent of Mg, 0.38 percent of Mn, 0.02 percent of Sb, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity and the balance of Al;
or 14 percent of Si, 2.8 percent of Cu, 1.2 percent of Mg, 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.02 percent of Sb, 0.05 percent of Ca, 0.05 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity and the balance of Al;
or 12.8 percent of Si, 3.8 percent of Cu, 0.45 percent of Mg, 0.4 percent of Mn, 0.02 percent of Sb, 0.05 percent of Ca, 0.08 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity and the balance of Al;
or 13.2 percent of Si, 2.8 percent of Cu, 0.75 percent of Mg, 0.03 percent of Sb, 0.01 percent of Ti, 0.02 percent of C, 0.01 percent of Ca, 0.1 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity and the balance of Al;
or 11.5 percent of Si, 2.5 percent of Cu, 0.45 percent of Mg, 0.33 percent of Mn, 0.01 percent of Sr, 0.03 percent of Ti, 0.025 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity and the balance of Al;
or 11.3 percent of Si, 2.5 percent of Cu, 0.65 percent of Mg, 0.47 percent of Mn, 0.01 percent of Sr, 0.08 percent of Ti, 0.05 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity and the balance of Al;
or 12.5 percent of Si, 3.5 percent of Cu, 0.55 percent of Mg, 0.35 percent of Mn, 0.05 percent of Sb, 0.1 percent of Ti, 0.03 percent of C, 0.05 percent of P, 0.06 percent of Ca, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity and the balance of Al.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method of making an Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy of any of the preceding embodiments, comprising the steps of:
carrying out semi-continuous casting after all components of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy are completely melted to prepare an ingot;
and carrying out homogenization treatment, deformation processing and heat treatment on the cast ingot in sequence.
In an alternative embodiment, the semi-continuous casting is hot-top casting, and the hot-top casting produces ingots with a diameter of phi 60-450 mm.
In an alternative embodiment, the temperature of the melt in the crystallizer during hot top casting is 690-750 ℃, the casting speed is 50-300mm/min, and the cooling water flow rate of each ingot is 1.5-4.5m3The temperature of the cooling water is 10-35 ℃.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of performing the homogenization treatment specifically comprises:
and heating the cast ingot in a circulating air furnace to 450-490 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving the heat for 2-6h, and then cooling in the air.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of performing the deformation processing specifically includes:
preheating the ingot after the homogenization treatment to 400-450 ℃;
performing deformation processing, and extruding into a profile with phi of 10-50mm by using a forward extruder at the speed of 2-10 mm/s.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of performing a heat treatment specifically comprises:
and carrying out T6 heat treatment on the deformed and processed section.
In an alternative embodiment, the T6 heat treatment comprises heat preservation at the temperature of 450-500 ℃ for 4-8h, quenching, and then aging at the temperature of 165-200 ℃ for 6-12 h.
The embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the embodiment of the invention provides an Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy, which comprises 10-14% of Si, 1.5-4% of Cu and 0.3-1.2% of Mg in percentage by mass; the alloy also comprises at least one of 0.3-0.5% of Mn, 0.01-0.05% of Sb, 0.01-0.05% of Sr, 0.01-0.1% of Ti, 0.01-0.05% of C, 0.01-0.1% of Ca and 0.05-0.1% of Pseventeen in percentage by mass, and P and Sr cannot exist at the same time; and Fe is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, impurities are less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance is Al. The Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy can effectively improve the comprehensive properties of strength, toughness and hardness of the alloy material through reasonable proportioning of the components.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy, which can strictly control the size and the morphology of a strengthening precipitated phase and refine the grain size by optimizing a melt modification treatment technology and a heat treatment system, so that the material has excellent comprehensive properties in the aspects of strength, toughness, hardness and the like after heat treatment, wherein the tensile strength reaches 497MPa, the yield strength reaches 431MPa, the elongation after fracture is more than 5.1%, the hardness reaches 161HB, and the comprehensive properties are obviously superior to those of the conventional aluminum-silicon alloy.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Embodiments of the present invention provide an Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy comprising, in mass percent, 10-14% Si, 1.5-4% Cu, 0.3-1.2% Mg. Meanwhile, the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy further comprises at least one of 0.3-0.5% of Mn, 0.01-0.05% of Sb, 0.01-0.05% of Sr, 0.01-0.1% of Ti, 0.01-0.05% of C, 0.01-0.1% of Ca and 0.05-0.1% of P in percentage by mass, and the P element and the Sr element cannot exist at the same time; in the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy, Fe is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, impurities are less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance is Al.
That is, the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy provided by the embodiment of the present invention not only includes the original Al, Si, Cu and Mg elements of the aluminum alloy, but also includes at least one of Mn, Sb, Sr, Ti, C, Ca and P elements, that is, one, two, three or more of these elements can be selected.
For example, in an embodiment of the present invention, an Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy comprises, in mass percent: 10.0% of Si, 1.5% of Cu, 0.8% of Mg, 0.35% of Mn, 0.01% of Sb, less than or equal to 0.25% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurities and the balance of Al;
or 11.8 percent of Si, 4.0 percent of Cu, 0.5 percent of Mg, 0.38 percent of Mn, 0.02 percent of Sb, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity and the balance of Al; or 14 percent of Si, 2.8 percent of Cu, 1.2 percent of Mg, 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.02 percent of Sb, 0.05 percent of Ca, 0.05 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity and the balance of Al; or 12.8 percent of Si, 3.8 percent of Cu, 0.45 percent of Mg, 0.4 percent of Mn, 0.02 percent of Sb, 0.05 percent of Ca, 0.08 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity and the balance of Al; or 13.2 percent of Si, 2.8 percent of Cu, 0.75 percent of Mg, 0.03 percent of Sb, 0.01 percent of Ti, 0.02 percent of C, 0.01 percent of Ca, 0.1 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity and the balance of Al; or 11.5 percent of Si, 2.5 percent of Cu, 0.45 percent of Mg, 0.33 percent of Mn, 0.01 percent of Sr, 0.03 percent of Ti, 0.025 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity and the balance of Al; or 11.3 percent of Si, 2.5 percent of Cu, 0.65 percent of Mg, 0.47 percent of Mn, 0.01 percent of Sr, 0.08 percent of Ti, 0.05 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity and the balance of Al; or 12.5 percent of Si, 3.5 percent of Cu, 0.55 percent of Mg, 0.35 percent of Mn, 0.05 percent of Sb, 0.1 percent of Ti, 0.03 percent of C, 0.05 percent of P, 0.06 percent of Ca, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity and the balance of Al.
In the eight formulas, no matter what proportion is adopted, the alloy has good fluidity and casting forming performance in a liquid state compared with the prior art, so that the comprehensive performance of the strength, the toughness and the hardness of the alloy material can be effectively improved.
And particularly, in the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy provided by the embodiment of the invention, Si is a main element in the alloy, can play a role in improving melt fluidity, increasing hardness and wear resistance of the alloy material, andand form Mg with Mg2The Si strengthening phase further improves the strength of the alloy. Meanwhile, in the present example, the amount of the Si component is controlled to 10-14% because the alloy has a low hardness and a poor wear resistance when the Si content in the alloy is less than 10%, and because the amount of primary Si in the structure increases when the Si content exceeds 14%, the elongation and toughness of the alloy decrease and the workability of the alloy becomes poor.
Cu element is added into alloy components, so that Al can be precipitated during solid solution and aging treatment of the alloy2Cu and the like, thereby effectively improving the strength of the alloy. In the examples of the present invention, the amount of Cu is controlled within the range of 1.5 to 4% because the strengthening effect is not significant when the Cu content is less than 1.5% according to the measurement. However, when the Cu content exceeds 4%, the deformation resistance of the alloy is increased and the stress corrosion resistance is lowered.
Mg element is added into alloy components and can precipitate dispersed Mg from the structure in the aging treatment process2The Si compound has obvious precipitation strengthening effect, so that the alloy strength is obviously improved. Similarly, in the examples of the present invention, the amount of Mg is controlled to be 0.3-1.2% because the precipitation strengthening effect is weak when the Mg content is less than 0.3% according to the determination; when the content exceeds 1.2%, the elongation and fatigue strength of the alloy are lowered.
Mn element is added into the alloy components to form MnAl in the alloy6The mass point can raise the recrystallization temperature of the alloy during deformation processing, inhibit recrystallization, refine the grain structure and improve the strength of the alloy. And can form A1 with impurity Fe in aluminum alloy3(Fe, Mn) and the like, change the shape of the Fe-containing compound, reduce the harmful effect of Fe impurities, and improve the toughness and corrosion resistance of the alloy. Also, in the examples of the present invention, the content of the Mn component is controlled to 0.3 to 0.5% because, by measurement, when the content of Mn in the alloy is less than 0.3%, the effect of suppressing recrystallization is not significant, and when the content of Mn is more than 0.5%, the fluidity of the alloy is lowered and the deformation workability is deteriorated.
Meanwhile, the sizes and shapes of eutectic silicon, primary crystal silicon, alpha-Al and pinholes in the alloy structure have important influence on the strength and toughness of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy. In order to refine eutectic silicon, proper amounts of Sb, Sr and Ca are added. When the content of Si in the alloy is more than 12 percent or is influenced by solidification conditions, and primary crystal silicon is formed in a solidification structure, a proper amount of P element is added to refine the primary crystal silicon. In order to refine alpha-Al, proper amount of Ti and C elements are added into the alloy.
And the solid solubility of Sb in Al is low, and a trace amount of Sb is added under the semi-continuous casting condition to form an AlSb compound which can be used as a crystal core of Si to obviously refine eutectic silicon, so that the mechanical property, especially the toughness, of the alloy can be improved after T6 heat treatment. When the content of Sb exceeds 0.02%, the effect of refining eutectic silicon does not increase with the increase in the amount of Sb added.
Meanwhile, Sr is added into alloy components and can be used as a long-acting alterant to enable Al to be formed in melt4Sr and the like particles have good modification treatment effect on eutectic silicon. Similarly, in the embodiment of the present invention, the Sr addition amount is specifically controlled to be between 0.01 and 0.05%, because when the Sr addition amount in the alloy exceeds 0.05%, the alloy is liable to have defects such as porosity and pinholes.
Ca is added into alloy components, so that the growth of the eutectic silicon can be influenced to modify and refine the eutectic silicon. Meanwhile, Ca reacts with AlP to form dispersed Ca-P compounds, which have a certain refining effect on primary crystal silicon. In the embodiment of the invention, the dosage of Ca is controlled to be 0.01-0.1 percent, because the function of refining eutectic Si is not obvious when the content of Ca is less than 0.05 percent. When the Ca content exceeds 0.1%, the concentration of the Ca-P compound becomes too high, which tends to cause segregation and sedimentation, and may result in a decrease in melt fluidity, a severe gettering, an increase in the tendency to pin holes and shrinkage porosity.
Ti forms Al in the alloy3Ti particles play a role in refining alpha-Al. When C is present in the alloy, the C forms TiC particles with Ti, and further plays a role in refining α — Al. In the examples of the present invention, the amount of C used is 0.01 to 0.05% because it is determined that TiC particles are easily aggregated and the refining effect is weakened when the amount of C added exceeds 0.1%.
P forms AlP particles in aluminum, has refining and modifying effects on primary crystal Si, and is in the structureWhen primary crystal Si is present, P is added to the crystal to modify the crystal. In the embodiment of the invention, the content of P is controlled between 0.05 and 0.1 percent, because the refining and deterioration effects on primary crystal Si are not obvious when the content of P is less than 0.05 percent. When the P content exceeds 0.1%, AlP particles are easy to segregate and deposit, the modification effect is weakened, the fluidity of the alloy melt is reduced, and the casting performance is reduced. P and Sr react to form Sr when added into the melt3P2The deterioration effect is impaired, and therefore, when Sr is present in the alloy, the P element cannot be added.
Fe is an impurity element in the alloy, and forms a compound with Cu, Mn, Si, and the like. In the embodiment of the invention, the content of Fe is less than 0.25%, because the toughness and strength of the material are obviously reduced when the content of Fe in the alloy exceeds 0.25%.
In conclusion, in the implementation of the invention, the reasonable mixture ratio of the components can effectively improve the comprehensive properties of the strength, toughness and hardness of the alloy material.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out semi-continuous casting after all components of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy are completely melted to prepare an ingot;
wherein, step S1 specifically includes:
hot top casting is adopted, and the diameter of the ingot prepared by the hot top casting is phi 60-450 mm. The temperature of the melt in the crystallizer in the hot top casting process is 690-750 ℃, the casting speed is 50-300mm/min, and the cooling water flow of each ingot is 1.5-4.5m3The temperature of the cooling water is 10-35 ℃. And preferably, the alloy is cast into round ingots with the diameter of phi 154mm, the temperature of a melt in a crystallizer during casting is 710 ℃, the casting speed is 140mm/min, and the cooling water flow of each ingot is 2.0m3The temperature of the cooling water was 25 ℃.
S2: and carrying out homogenization treatment, deformation processing and heat treatment on the cast ingot in sequence.
Wherein, step S2 specifically includes:
s21: homogenizing: heating the cast ingot in a circulating air furnace to 450-490 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 2-6h, and then air cooling; and preferably, the ingot is heated to 450 ℃ along with the furnace in a circulating air furnace, and is air-cooled after heat preservation is carried out for 6 hours.
S22: deformation processing treatment: preheating the ingot after the homogenization treatment to 400-450 ℃; performing deformation processing, and extruding into a profile with phi of 10-50mm by using a forward extruder at the speed of 2-10 mm/s. Preferably, extrusion is carried out, the preheating temperature of the cast ingot before extrusion is 430 ℃, and the cast ingot is extruded into a phi 20mm profile by a forward extruder at the speed of 5 mm/s.
S23: and (3) heat treatment: and carrying out T6 heat treatment on the deformed and processed section. The T6 heat treatment comprises the steps of heat preservation at the temperature of 450-500 ℃ for 4-8h, quenching, and then aging treatment at the temperature of 165-200 ℃ for 6-12 h. And preferably, the temperature is kept for 6h at the temperature of 450-500 ℃, and the quenching is carried out; then aging at 190 deg.C for 8 h.
According to the preparation method of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy, the size and the morphology of a strengthening precipitated phase are strictly controlled and the grain size is refined by optimizing a melt modification treatment technology and a heat treatment system, so that the material has excellent comprehensive properties in the aspects of strength, toughness, hardness and the like after heat treatment, the tensile strength can reach 497MPa, the yield strength reaches 431MPa, the elongation after fracture is more than 5.1%, the hardness reaches HB 161, and the comprehensive properties are obviously superior to those of the conventional aluminum-silicon alloy. Meanwhile, the aluminum alloy material can also be suitable for deformation processing such as extrusion, forging and the like.
The Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy and the method for producing the same are described in detail below using specific examples:
examples 1 to 8
The compositions of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloys provided in examples 1-8 are shown in table 1 (wherein impurity components and Fe components are not shown in the table, and bal. denotes the balance), and the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloys provided in examples 1-8 were all prepared by the following method:
s1: alloys having the compositions shown in Table 1 were cast into round ingots having a diameter of 154mm by a semi-continuous casting method, respectively, and the temperature of the melt in the crystallizer during casting was 71 mmCasting speed is 140mm/min at 0 ℃, and cooling water flow of each ingot is 2.0m3The temperature of cooling water is 25 ℃;
s21: homogenizing: raising the temperature of the cast ingot to 450 ℃ along with the furnace in a circulating air furnace, preserving the heat for 6 hours, and then air-cooling;
s22: deformation processing treatment: extruding the cast ingot, wherein the preheating temperature of the cast ingot is 430 ℃ before the extrusion, and the cast ingot is extruded into a phi 20mm section by a forward extruder at the speed of 5 mm/s;
s23: and (3) heat treatment: carrying out T6 heat treatment on the extruded section, and carrying out heat preservation for 6h at the temperature of 450-500 ℃ for quenching; then aging at 190 deg.C for 8 h.
TABLE 1 chemical composition of aluminum alloys
Experimental example 1
The alloys obtained in examples 1 to 8 were subjected to performance tests, wherein the test standards for tensile strength and yield strength were as described in GB/T16865-2013, the test standard for elongation after fracture was as described in GB/T16865-2013, and the test standard for hardness was as described in GB/T231.1-2018, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Properties of the aluminum alloys
The data in tables 1 and 2 show that the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy provided by the embodiment of the invention can effectively improve the comprehensive properties of strength, toughness and hardness of the alloy material through reasonable proportioning of the components. Meanwhile, according to the preparation method of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy, the size and the morphology of a reinforced precipitated phase can be strictly controlled and the grain size can be refined by optimizing a melt modification treatment technology and a heat treatment system, so that the material has excellent comprehensive properties in the aspects of strength, toughness, hardness and the like after heat treatment, wherein the tensile strength reaches 497MPa, the yield strength reaches 431MPa, the elongation after fracture is more than 5.1%, the hardness reaches 161HB, and the comprehensive properties are obviously superior to those of the conventional aluminum-silicon alloy. Meanwhile, the aluminum alloy material is suitable for deformation processing such as extrusion, forging and the like.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy, characterized in that:
the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy comprises, by mass, 10-14% of Si, 1.5-4% of Cu, and 0.3-1.2% of Mg;
the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy further comprises at least one of, in mass percent, 0.3-0.5% Mn, 0.01-0.05% Sb, 0.01-0.05% Sr, 0.01-0.1% Ti, 0.01-0.05% C, 0.01-0.1% Ca, and 0.05-0.1% P seven, and the P and the Sr cannot be present at the same time;
in the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy, Fe is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, impurities are less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance is Al.
2. The Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein:
the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy further includes, in mass percent, at least two of 0.3-0.5% of Mn, 0.01-0.05% of the Sb, 0.01-0.05% of the Sr, 0.01-0.1% of the Ti, 0.01-0.05% of the C, 0.01-0.1% of the Ca, and 0.05-0.1% of the Pqi, and the P and the Sr cannot be present at the same time.
3. The Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy comprises, in mass percent: 10.0% of Si, 1.5% of Cu, 0.8% of Mg, 0.35% of Mn, 0.01% of Sb, less than or equal to 0.25% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurities, and the balance of Al;
or 11.8% of Si, 4.0% of Cu, 0.5% of Mg, 0.38% of Mn, 0.02% of Sb, less than or equal to 0.25% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurities, and the balance of Al;
or 14% of Si, 2.8% of Cu, 1.2% of Mg, 0.5% of Mn, 0.02% of Sb, 0.05% of Ca, 0.05% of P, less than or equal to 0.25% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurities and the balance of Al;
or 12.8% of Si, 3.8% of Cu, 0.45% of Mg, 0.4% of Mn, 0.02% of Sb, 0.05% of Ca, 0.08% of P, less than or equal to 0.25% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurities, and the balance of Al;
or 13.2% of Si, 2.8% of Cu, 0.75% of Mg, 0.03% of Sb, 0.01% of Ti, 0.02% of C, 0.01% of Ca, 0.1% of P, less than or equal to 0.25% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurities and the balance of Al;
alternatively, 11.5% of the Si, 2.5% of the Cu, 0.45% of the Mg, 0.33% of the Mn, 0.01% of the Sr, 0.03% of the Ti, 0.025% of the C, 0.25% or less of the Fe, 0.15% or less of the impurity, and the balance of the Al;
or 11.3% of Si, 2.5% of Cu, 0.65% of Mg, 0.47% of Mn, 0.01% of Sr, 0.08% of Ti, 0.05% of C, less than or equal to 0.25% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurities, and the balance of Al;
or 12.5% of Si, 3.5% of Cu, 0.55% of Mg, 0.35% of Mn, 0.05% of Sb, 0.1% of Ti, 0.03% of C, 0.05% of P, 0.06% of Ca, less than or equal to 0.25% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurities and the balance of Al.
4. A method of producing the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminium alloy according to any of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
carrying out semi-continuous casting after all components of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy are completely melted to prepare an ingot;
and carrying out homogenization treatment, deformation processing and heat treatment on the cast ingot in sequence.
5. The method of producing an Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein:
the semi-continuous casting is hot top casting, and the diameter of an ingot prepared by the hot top casting is phi 60-450 mm.
6. The method of producing an Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 5, wherein:
the temperature of the melt in the crystallizer in the hot top casting process is 690-750 ℃, the casting speed is 50-300mm/min, and the cooling water flow of each ingot is 1.5-4.5m3The temperature of the cooling water is 10-35 ℃.
7. The method for producing an Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein the step of performing the homogenization treatment specifically comprises:
and heating the ingot in a circulating air furnace to 450-490 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 2-6h, and then air cooling.
8. The method of producing an Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein the step of performing the deformation processing specifically comprises:
preheating the ingot subjected to homogenization treatment to 400-450 ℃;
performing deformation processing, and extruding into a profile with phi of 10-50mm by using a forward extruder at the speed of 2-10 mm/s.
9. The method for producing an Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein the step of performing the heat treatment specifically comprises:
and carrying out T6 heat treatment on the deformed and processed section.
10. The method of producing an Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 9, wherein:
the T6 heat treatment comprises the steps of carrying out heat preservation at the temperature of 450-500 ℃ for 4-8h, then carrying out quenching, and then carrying out aging treatment at the temperature of 165-200 ℃ for 6-12 h.
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