CN115536785A - 消光的聚酰胺-pud - Google Patents
消光的聚酰胺-pud Download PDFInfo
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- CN115536785A CN115536785A CN202211316933.2A CN202211316933A CN115536785A CN 115536785 A CN115536785 A CN 115536785A CN 202211316933 A CN202211316933 A CN 202211316933A CN 115536785 A CN115536785 A CN 115536785A
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- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- dispersion
- group
- polyamide
- amine
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 195
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 159
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 108
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- -1 cyclic lactone Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003511 tertiary amides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 31
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 30
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 29
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 29
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 29
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine Substances NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 22
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 16
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920003009 polyurethane dispersion Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 7
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004427 diamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- TVIDDXQYHWJXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TVIDDXQYHWJXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-aminocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(N)CCC1CC1CCC(N)CC1 DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical group C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- AKEUNCKRJATALU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(O)C=CC=C1O AKEUNCKRJATALU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-oxopentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(O)=O JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JVYDLYGCSIHCMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butanoic acid Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)C(O)=O JVYDLYGCSIHCMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IGSBHTZEJMPDSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methyl]-2-methylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(N)C(C)CC1CC1CC(C)C(N)CC1 IGSBHTZEJMPDSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ARSRBNBHOADGJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7,12-dimethyltetraphene Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C(C)=C(C=CC=C1)C1=C2C ARSRBNBHOADGJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- VFZRZRDOXPRTSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N DMBA Natural products COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C=O)=C1 VFZRZRDOXPRTSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013627 low molecular weight specie Substances 0.000 description 3
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- RTWNYYOXLSILQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediamine Chemical compound NCN RTWNYYOXLSILQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHIVNJATOVLWBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butan-2-ylidenehydroxylamine Chemical compound CCC(C)=NO WHIVNJATOVLWBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATOUXIOKEJWULN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisocyanato-2,2,4-trimethylhexane Chemical compound O=C=NCCC(C)CC(C)(C)CN=C=O ATOUXIOKEJWULN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGLRLXLDMZCFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisocyanato-2,4,4-trimethylhexane Chemical compound O=C=NCC(C)CC(C)(C)CCN=C=O QGLRLXLDMZCFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PTBDIHRZYDMNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)C(O)=O PTBDIHRZYDMNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMJZWFZICOEEAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-bromothiophen-3-yl)sulfanylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)SC1=CSC=C1Br DMJZWFZICOEEAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZKYCLDTVJCJYIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidenedecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(=C)C(N)=O ZKYCLDTVJCJYIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCFVJGUPQDGYKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=C(OCC2OC2)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OCC1CO1 LCFVJGUPQDGYKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 description 2
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- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004658 ketimines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021281 monounsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
公开了并入与多异氰酸酯连接的仲或叔聚酰胺链段的部分的聚合物。这些聚合物具有增强的消光特性。所述增强的消光特性来自于在不使用任何单独的细粒度消光添加剂的情况下由所述聚合物产生的固有的消光表面。如细粒度二氧化硅等常规消光剂通常会导致物理特性丧失,如由所述消光剂在涂层中引起的雾度发展和孔隙率。还公开和要求保护这些聚合物和其它聚酰胺、聚氨酯与乙烯基聚合物(丙烯酸酯)的复合物和混杂物。
Description
本申请是申请号为201880027399.9、申请日为2018年4月30日、发明名称为“消光的聚酰胺-PUD”的专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或脲键的水性聚合物分散体,其包括衍生自环状脂肪族或芳香族伯胺或仲胺与如羧酸等某种形式的反应性羰基反应的聚酰胺链段。这些聚酰胺出乎意料地对衍生自所述含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键聚合物分散体的涂层表面赋予特征在于降低的光泽度读数的纹理。
背景技术
在涂层工业中,有时期望高光泽度、非常光滑的涂层饰面。在其它时间,由于涂层的表面变化,期望一种在多个方向上反射入射光的消光的(降低的光泽度)涂层或油墨表面。已经为不同类型的涂层(溶剂基和水基)开发了多种用于赋予光泽度降低(消光)的机制和产品。涂层工业期望在涂层制造和涂层应用过程的任何阶段对消光程度进行均匀并且一致的控制以及能够容易地调节消光水平。
具有受控粒度的二氧化硅已经广泛用于生产消光饰面。据信,这通过延伸到涂层表面外的二氧化硅颗粒在涂层表面上产生在多个方向上反射光的高点而起作用。此应用中使用的二氧化硅具有多孔结构,所述多孔结构增加最终涂层的孔隙率(更多的二氧化硅、更多的消光和更大的孔隙率)。涂层中的孔隙率降低了其对各种液体的抵抗力,所述液体可能会使涂层变色、使涂层变得有瑕疵或变软或与涂层下方的基材发生不利反应(如引起金属腐蚀)。二氧化硅还对涂层添加了一些不透明性,因为其折射率与大多数黏合剂显著不同。
申请人具有两个较早的申请(US 9,527,961和US 2016/009953),这两个申请描述了含有聚酰胺的聚合物和聚氨酯分散体,其中高百分比的聚酰胺是衍生自哌嗪的叔聚酰胺。
发明内容
本发明涉及含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键聚合物在水性介质(例如,水和任选的水溶性有机物)中的分散体,所述聚合物含有来自特定环状脂肪族或芳香族伯或仲胺基团的聚酰胺,所述聚酰胺赋予由水性介质中的聚合物分散体施加的涂层低光泽度(高消光)饰面。这些聚酰胺可用作涂层、油墨或粘合剂的黏合剂中的链段。这些聚酰胺还可以与主要聚合物黏合剂(例如,第二聚合物)分开制备,两者都以分散体的形式置于水性介质中。含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或脲键的聚合物可以在共混物分散在水性介质中之前与第二聚合物共混。或者具有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物和第二聚合物可以各自单独分散在水性介质中,并且然后来自水性介质中的分散颗粒各自可以共混在一起。或者具有聚酰胺的这些聚合物可以任选地与第二聚合物制成母料,并且所述母料可以与一种或多种其它聚合物分散体共混,以产生用于涂层、油墨或粘合剂的黏合剂。黏合剂的聚合物可以是热塑性的、热固性的或弹性体的,并且通常是那些树脂的水性分散体。这些具有其特定聚酰胺的聚合物分散体的独特特征是其赋予最终涂层或油墨纹理化表面的能力,其中所述纹理化表面降低了涂层或油墨饰面的光泽度(增加了消光)。涂层或油墨的聚合物中的聚酰胺的量影响所达到的光泽度降低或消光水平。
具体实施方式
定义:我们将使用括号来指定1)任选地存在的东西,使得一种或多种单体(monomer(s))表示一种单体或多种单体或者(甲基)丙烯酸酯表示甲基丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸酯;2)限定或进一步定义先前所提及的术语;或者3)列出更窄的实施例。
术语“烃基”或“亚烃基”表示具有直接连接到分子的剩余部分的碳原子并且在本发明的上下文中具有烃或主要是烃特性的基团。此类基团包含纯烃基;也就是说,脂肪族以及任选地含有不改变所述基团的主要烃特性的非烃取代基(含有杂原子)的基团。非烃取代基的实例包含羟基、硝基、氰基(氰基经由C原子连接,并且因此酰基也是如此)、烷氧基、酰基等。适合的杂原子对本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的,并且包含例如氮、氧和硫。
本发明的第一部分是由环状脂肪族或芳香族伯二胺或仲二胺类型组分与某种形式的反应性羰基(如羧酸,通常是二羧酸、羟基羧酸或来自羟基羧酸的内酯)反应而生成聚酰胺链段。在一个优选实施例中,在氮与环之间没有中间原子的情况下,两个氮原子都连接到环状或芳香族环上。胺与羧酸的这种反应生成作为副产物(或在内酯的情况下,羟基)的水和酰胺键。可以通过去除水副产物来促进聚酰胺链段的形成。通常,可通过这种技术容易地将数均分子量为约500到5,000克/摩尔,更优选地约800或1000到3000克/摩尔的聚酰胺加工到最终的黏合剂中。申请人使用聚酰胺来表示低聚物或聚合物中的两个或更多个酰胺键。这些聚酰胺最初可以是胺、羟基或羧酸封端的。通常,期望形成羟基端基,因为这些是用于聚氨酯前体的常规端基。
相对于反应性羰基和/或羧基官能团的摩尔数,许多实例使用稍微过量的二胺,并且反应成非常低的酸值,这基本上消耗了所有可用的羧基。调节反应性胺和酸基团的化学计量可以帮助控制分子量和主要的端基。在一些实施例中,唯一的羧酸基团是羟基羧酸或由其形成的内酯,并且这导致羟基封端的聚酰胺在与多异氰酸酯反应时形成聚氨酯。
在其它实施例中,胺重复单元首先与二羧酸反应以产生胺封端聚酰胺,并且然后所述聚酰胺在胺封端聚酰胺末端通过内酯聚合进行扩链。其它反应物(例如,三官能胺或三官能羧酸或单官能胺或单官能羧酸)或杂质可以包含在聚酰胺形成中,条件是相对于所需反应物,它们的用量较小并且不会过度增加或减少反应产物的分子量。
优选的环状脂肪族或芳香族和伯二胺或仲二胺反应物为下式Ib到IVb。
其中R1-R5独立地选自H或C1-C4直链或支链烷基,并且在一个实施例中,合乎期望的是,胺重复单元中的总R5基团的至少80wt.%、90wt.%或95wt.%为H。
优选的环状脂肪族或芳香族和伯二胺或仲二胺重复单元为式I到IV。
其中R1-R5独立地选自H或C1-C4直链或支链烷基,并且在一个实施例中,合乎期望的是,胺重复单元中的总R5基团的至少80wt.%、90wt.%或95wt.%为H,并且分子的至少80wt.%、90wt.%或95wt.%的环状脂肪族或芳香族部分为环状脂肪族,使得式1和II(优选的)变为式Ia和式IIa,如下所示:
其中R1-R4分别为H或C1-C4烷基。在一个实施例中,式Ib-IVb、式I-IV和式Ia-IIa二胺的至少60、70或80的R1、R2、R3和R4基团用于制备聚酰胺,或者聚酰胺的胺重复单元为氢。在一个实施例中,合乎期望的是,至少80、90、95、99或100摩尔%的R5基团为氢,从而产生伯二胺。当反应成聚酰胺时这些伯胺生成式Ia和式IIa重复单元。
其中R1-R4如以上所描述的。脂肪族伯环状二胺的实例包含1,3-二氨基环己基和4,4'-亚甲基双(环己胺),任选地如上所述被取代的单或二烷基(优选的甲基)。虽然示出了环状脂肪族二胺和环状芳香族二胺,但据信芳香族二胺在暴露于光源下时可以在聚合物涂层和油墨中生成黄色。因此,伯脂肪族二胺和/或仲二胺是稍微优选的。
按聚氨酯分散体中的聚合物的总量计,式I-IV特定脂肪族环状或芳香族结构的伯二胺和/或仲二胺的量为所述聚合物分散体中的总聚合物的约1wt.%或2wt.%到约20wt.%或25wt.%,更合乎期望地4wt.%到15wt.%并且优选地6wt.%到15wt.%(即,通常为涂层wt.、较少的水相、填料和颜料wt.),其中胺基团直接连接到作为胺化合物主链并入的环状结构中的碳原子上。
在一个实施例中,与脂肪族环状二胺组分反应的二酸为C4-C50或60二羧酸,包含C10-C40二羧酸和二聚体脂肪酸。特别优选的较大的二酸包含癸二酸、十二烷二酸和二聚酸。来自所述较大的二酸的重复单元将具有结构其中Ra是C2-C48或58,更优选地C8-C38。优选的二酸包含癸二酸和C10-C40脂肪族二酸。二聚体脂肪酸和三聚体脂肪酸在此应用中非常有用。
术语二聚体脂肪酸(也称为二聚体二酸或二聚体脂肪二酸)和三聚体脂肪酸是本领域众所周知的,并且是指单或多不饱和脂肪酸和/或其酯的二聚化或定时化产物。它们是通过在压力下聚合脂肪酸并且然后通过蒸馏去除大部分未反应的脂肪酸起始材料而进行制备的。最终产物通常含有少量的单脂肪酸和三聚体脂肪酸,但主要由二聚体脂肪酸构成。
本发明中使用的二聚体脂肪酸和三聚体脂肪酸优选地衍生自C10-C30脂肪酸,更优选地C12-C24脂肪酸,具体地C14-C22脂肪酸,进一步优选地C16-C20脂肪酸,并且尤其是C18脂肪酸的二聚化产物。因此,所得二聚体脂肪酸优选地包括每分子20到60个碳原子,更优选地24到48个,具体地28到44个,进一步优选地32到42个,并且尤其为36个碳原子。优选地,用于制备二聚体的脂肪酸起始材料是直链单不饱和脂肪酸。
二聚体脂肪酸的分子量(重均)的范围优选地为450到690克/摩尔,更优选地500到640克/摩尔,具体地530到610克/摩尔,并且尤其为550到590克/摩尔。三聚体脂肪酸的分子量(重均)的范围优选地为750到950,更优选地790到910,具体地810到890,并且尤其为830到870。除了二聚体脂肪酸之外,二聚化通常导致存在不同量的三聚体脂肪酸(所谓的“三聚体”)、低聚脂肪酸以及单体脂肪酸(所谓的“单体”)或其酯的残基。它们可从禾大公司(Croda)以PripolTM商标购买,或可从亚利桑那化学公司(Arizona Chemical)以UnidymeTM商标购买。
本发明中使用的二聚体脂肪酸的二聚体脂肪酸(或二聚体)含量优选地可以大于60wt.%,更优选地大于70wt.%,具体地大于80wt.%,并且尤其大于85wt.%。另外,特别优选的二聚体脂肪酸的三聚体脂肪酸(或三聚体)含量可以小于40wt.%,更优选地小于30wt.%,具体地小于20wt.%,并且尤其小于15wt.%。此外,二聚体和/或三聚体脂肪酸优选地包括小于10wt.%,更优选地小于6wt.%,具体地小于4wt.%,并且尤其小于3.5wt.%的单脂肪一元酸(或单体)。所有上述重量百分比值都基于存在的聚合脂肪酸和单脂肪酸的总重量。
包含具有上式的直链、支链和环状Rf结构-具有2到15个碳原子,更优选地2到5个碳原子(其中Rf具有1到14个碳原子,更优选地1到4个碳原子)。各种未取代的和烷基取代的己内酯和戊内酯是优选的。如果以羟基羧酸开始,则羟基羧酸和由此产生的内酯两者都产生结构-(C(=O)-Rf-O-)-的重复单元,其中生成一摩尔水。
如本发明的发明内容中所指出的,羟基羧酸或由此产生的内酯可以与或可以不与二羧酸一起使用(反之亦然)以生成酰胺键,并使用内酯或羟基羧酸来用聚酯重复单元对本发明的聚酰胺进行扩链。当聚酰胺用来自羟基羧酸或由此产生的内酯的聚酯重复单元进行扩链时,聚酯重复单元的量合乎期望地为聚氨酯分散体的聚合物的约1到约75wt.%。
一摩尔二酸和一摩尔指定的伯二胺的聚酰胺重复结构看起来像
其中伯二胺组分将看起来像
并且二胺的Rb将看起来像选自以下基团的结构
其中R1-R4是如以上所描述的。如果胺重复单元是具有非氢R5基团的仲胺类型,则所述结构将在酰胺键的氮上具有R5基团。这些重复单元将是聚酰胺中最常见的,但是可以存在单官能酰胺形成反应物或三官能酰胺形成反应物,条件是至少50、70、80、90或95摩尔百分比的胺反应物是双官能的。
本发明的第二实施例是a)将第二、第三或多种聚合物并入或共混到a)含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物中以分散到水性介质中;或b)制备在水性介质中含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物和第二、第三或多种聚合物的单独分散体,所述单独分散体然后作为分散体共混以形成共混物。这两个步骤是合乎期望的,因为含有聚酰胺和具有式I到IV重复单元的多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物的量控制聚合物最终膜中消光或光泽度降低的相对量。将两种聚合物共混允许控制消光或光泽度降低的水平,一种是具有式I到IV重复单元的聚酰胺,另一种是基本上不具有式I到IV重复单元的一种或多种聚合物。可以使用a)和b)的组合,其中在分散在水性介质中之前,将一种第二聚合物与含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物共混,并且将第三聚合物制成水性介质中的单独的分散体,并且稍后与含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物和第二聚合物共混,在分散在水性介质中之前,将所述聚合物和第二聚合物共混。当谈论聚氨酯中的聚合物链段时,我们通常使用术语并入来表示共价键合到聚氨酯中。我们通常使用术语共混来表示形成物理共混物。
本发明的上述实施例的变型(任选地组合使用)包含通过将a)形成酯的一种或多种单体和/或b)和其它形成聚酰胺的一种或多种单体聚合到聚酰胺链端上或将聚酰胺偶联到其它大的低聚物或聚合物物质上(如通过使低聚物或聚合物物质上的泽雷维季诺夫(Zerewitinoff)反应基团与多异氰酸酯反应)来将含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物并入到较大的聚氨酯结构中的选项。
在一个实施例中,通过酯聚合将聚酯链段添加到聚酰胺聚合物的一个或两个端。这可以通过将形成聚酯的一种或多种单体添加到聚酰胺,任选地催化酯聚合并搅拌和加热反应物来实现。在一个实施例中,聚(己内酯)可以通过酯聚合添加到聚酰胺的一个或两个端。聚酯链段的分子量可以通过相对于聚酰胺链段的数量和反应条件添加的形成聚酯的反应物的量来控制。可替代地,可以在存在聚酰胺的情况下,使二羧酸和二羟基化合物聚合,并通过常规缩聚将其部分或完全偶联到所述聚酰胺。
可替代地,通过直接从一种或多种单体将不同的聚合物结构聚合到所述聚酰胺上或与所述聚酰胺聚合,可以使用多异氰酸酯反应物将所述聚酰胺从环状脂肪族或芳香族和伯多胺或仲多胺偶联到其它单体或低聚物或聚合物物质。例如,每个链段具有约两个端泽雷维季诺夫基团的聚酯、聚醚或聚碳酸酯链段可以与多异氰酸酯偶联到提供消光的聚酰胺链段上。合乎期望的是,聚醚、聚酯、聚碳酸酯链段的每个链段具有约两个泽雷维季诺夫基团,因为当多异氰酸酯具有每个多异氰酸酯约两个反应性异氰酸酯基团时,这被认为会产生线性聚合物。已知可以使用少量的单官能反应物或三官能反应物,并且结果是相似的(尤其是如果单官能反应物和三官能反应物的摩尔量大约相等,使得平均官能度保持为约2的话)。然而,如果使用太多的单官能或三官能反应物,则产物的分子量可能太低或太高。泽雷维季诺夫基团是众所周知的,并被定义为与异氰酸酯反应以形成称为脲键或氨基甲酸酯键的共价化学键的含有活性氢的基团(如胺或羟基,所述胺或羟基是本公开的主要泽雷维季诺夫基团)。当形成氨基甲酸酯键时,所述键处于羟基与异氰酸酯基之间,并且如果所述键处于胺基团与异氰酸酯基团之间,则形成脲键。在一个优选的实施例中,具有泽雷维季诺夫端基团的聚酯、聚醚、聚碳酸酯链段具有约500到约5,000克/摩尔的数均分子量。
如果聚酯、聚醚、聚碳酸酯是双官能的并且人们通过简单地将样品中的链段的克数除以(样品中官能团的摩尔数的0.5倍)就知道每个聚合物链段的官能团的数量和类型,则可以计算出此数均分子量。此数均分子量还可以通过在良好溶剂(如四氢呋喃)中进行凝胶渗透色谱法(gpc)并用一系列可商购获得的已知分子聚苯乙烯校准样品校准gpc色谱柱来进行测定。通常,两种方法给出了非常相似的分子量。
由常规双官能酸和脂环族伯二胺制备了一系列聚酰胺低聚物。初始低聚物可以包括胺端基、羧基端基或衍生自通过使端胺或羧基与其它反应物反应的其它端基。这些结构中强氢键的存在使得它们在成膜过程中不易变形,并且尽管不希望受理论的束缚,但当膜由水性分散体形成时,似乎有利于形成具有高消光/低光泽度饰面的所期望的纹理化涂层表面。对于来自特定脂肪族或芳香族环状伯二胺或仲二胺的聚酰胺,即使在低分子量下也会发生这种情况。
本说明书中的许多低聚物、遥爪聚合物和聚合物是通过反应性基团在所期望的单羧酸或二羧酸单体与一个或多个脂环族和/或芳香族伯二胺或仲二胺单体上的缩合反应制备的。为此,三胺单体和三羧酸是较不合乎期望的,因为认为它们会产生高度支化的不易变形的聚酰胺。羧酸基团与胺或羟基之间的这些缩合反应是众所周知的,并且是通过去除水和/或催化剂来驱动的。通过羧酸基团与胺基团的反应形成的酰胺可以由硼酸、硼酸酯、硼烷、亚磷酸、磷酸盐、磷酸酯、胺、酸、碱、硅酸盐和倍半硅氧烷催化。另外的催化剂、条件等可以从教科书中获得,如Larock的《综合有机转化(Comprehensive OrganicTransformations)》。
两个较早的申请(US 9,527,961和US 2016/0009953)描述了含有叔聚酰胺的聚合物和聚氨酯分散体,其中高百分比的酰胺键是衍生自哌嗪和其它仲二胺的叔酰胺键。这些聚合物在涂层应用中不是自消光或低光泽度的。在本公开的一个实施例中,期望的是将本公开的含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的消光聚合物与那些较早的含有叔聚酰胺的聚合物共混(在分散于水性介质中之前或之后)或相互结合。这将可变水平的消光或光泽度降低赋予到这些聚酰胺中。在一个实施例中,期望包含5-85wt.%,更合乎期望地至少10wt.%、15wt.%、20wt.%或25wt.%和至多约65wt.%的聚酰胺(按在水性介质中的含有聚酰胺的聚氨酯分散体中的一种或多种聚合物的组合重量计),其中聚酰胺的特征为至少75wt.%的酰胺重复单元,并且至少60摩尔%、75摩尔%或80摩尔%的酰胺键是叔酰胺键,并且酰胺重复单元中的至少60wt.%、70wt.%或80wt.%的胺基是基于环二胺的,其中氮原子是环的一部分并具有3或4到10个碳原子,如哌嗪或单或二烷基(C1-C4)取代的哌嗪。
那些较早公开的叔聚酰胺具有比大多数来自伯胺的聚酰胺更低的最低成膜温度(通常为约-10℃到约20℃、25℃或30℃),使得它们可以在室温或接近室温(约20℃-25℃)下成膜,而不需要大量增塑剂、溶剂或聚结剂。这些公开的叔酰胺键由仲胺与羧酸基团之间的共价键形成,从而产生叔酰胺键(那些较早公开的重要方面获得较低的最低成膜温度)。伯胺与羧酸类基团反应以形成仲酰胺,所述仲酰胺通常具有更高的最低成膜温度,其它因素保持不变。
有时期望通过与如N-甲基氨基乙醇或HN(Rα)(Rβ)等氨基醇反应将羧酸封端的聚酰胺链段转化为羟基(泽雷维季诺夫基团),其中Rα是C1-C4烷基,并且Rβ包括醇基团和C2-C12亚烷基,可替代地,Rα和Rβ可以相互连接以形成C3-C16亚烷基,所述亚烷基包含环状结构和侧羟基(如在2-羟甲基哌啶中),其中任一个都可以产生具有端羟基的聚酰胺。通过使用100摩尔%过量的氨基醇并在160℃+/-10℃或20℃下进行反应,可以促进仲胺(与羟基相反)与羧酸的反应。反应后,可以通过蒸馏去除过量的氨基醇。
在一个实施例中,含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物分散体与其它含有聚酰胺的聚合物分散体(描述为较早的叔聚酰胺)共聚或共混,如在下一段中描述的。用于形成较早的叔聚酰胺的优选的二羧酸是其中二羧酸的亚烷基部分是具有2到36个碳原子的环状、直链或支链(任选地包含芳香族基团)的亚烷基,任选地每3或10个碳原子包含至多1个杂原子,更优选地4、8或12到36个碳原子(与亚烷基部分相比,二酸将包含2个更多的碳原子)。这些包含二聚体脂肪酸、氢化二聚酸、癸二酸等。通常,我们优选具有较大亚烷基的二酸,因为这通常提供具有较低的最低成膜温度的聚酰胺重复单元。
用于形成叔聚酰胺的优选二胺包含具有6到60个碳原子,更合乎期望地6到20个,并且优选地6或12个、或13到15个、17或20个碳原子的那些二胺,对于二胺的每3个或10个碳原子任选地包含1个杂原子(除了两个氮原子之外),并且任选地包含各种环状、芳香族或杂环基团,条件是胺基团中的一个或两个是伯胺,优选的式为
并且Rb是2到36个碳原子,并且更优选地2或4到12个碳原子的直键或直链或支链(任选地是或包含一个或多个环状、杂环或芳香族部分)亚烷基(任选地二胺的每10个碳原子含有至多1或3个杂原子),并且Rc和Rd分别是1到8个碳原子,更优选地1或2到4个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,或者任选地Rc和Rd连接在一起以形成1到8个碳原子的单个直链或支链亚烷基,或者任选地Rc和Rd中的一个在碳原子处连接到Rb,并且更合乎期望的是,Rc和Rd连接在一起,并且所结合的是1或2到4个碳原子。
在先前公开的关于叔聚酰胺的一个实施例中,合乎期望的是至少50wt.%,更合乎期望的是至少60wt.%、70wt.%、80wt.%或90wt.%的所述聚酰胺低聚物或遥爪聚酰胺包括来自二酸和二胺的重复单元,重复单元的结构为
其中Ra是二羧酸的亚烷基部分,并且是2到36个碳原子的环状、直链或支链(任选地包含芳香族基团)亚烷基,任选地二酸的每3或10个碳原子包含至多1个杂原子,更优选地4到36个碳原子(与二酸的亚烷基部分相比,二酸版本将包含2个更多碳原子),并且
其中Rb为2到36或60个碳原子,并且更优选地2或4到12个碳原子,并且Rc和Rd分别为1到8个碳原子,更优选地1或2到4个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,或者Rc和Rd连接在一起以形成具有1到8个碳原子的单链或支链亚烷基,或者任选地Rc和Rd中的一个在碳原子处连接到Rb,并且更合乎期望的是,Rc和Rd连接在一起并且为1或2到4个碳原子的亚烷基。
在本公开的聚酰胺与多异氰酸酯反应以形成含有聚酰胺的聚氨酯的过程中,可以使与泽雷维季诺夫基团一起存在的其它物质共同反应到所产生的聚氨酯中。这些可以是低分子量物质(例如,小于500克/摩尔二醇或二胺)或更高分子量物质(例如,添加500到5,000克/摩尔低聚物以在所得聚氨酯聚合物中形成高或低Tg相)。通常,如果想要低黏度预聚物在水性介质中制备聚合物分散体,则只需使组分在反应基团之间化学计量不平衡的情况下反应以产生称为预聚物的中等分子量物质,其中过量存在的官能团是大多数预聚物单元的主要端。这通常是通过使异氰酸酯基团与泽雷维季诺夫基团的化学计量保持远离1:1的比率来实现的(这样,由于用作端基的异氰酸酯或泽雷维季诺夫基团的过量而产生分子量有限的预聚物)。预聚物的分子量保持相当低(5,000克/摩尔到100,000克/摩尔),使得所述预聚物在室温或略高于室温(通常高达约80℃)下为液体。这种在80℃或更低温度下的低黏度促进将液体预聚物混合和剪切成在水中稳定的精细分散的胶体预聚物相。通常,使用过量的异氰酸酯基团,使得预聚物是异氰酸酯封端的。
在制备预聚物分散体之后,可以增加氨基甲酸酯预聚物的分子量(或有时被称为将预聚物扩链到氨基甲酸酯聚合物中)。这可以通过向分散体中添加低分子量物质(如二醇、三醇、四醇或二胺、三胺或四胺)来实现,所述低分子量物质可以与异氰酸酯封端的预聚物反应,从而将其连接到更高分子量物质中。预聚物上的异氰酸酯基团还可以与来自连续相的水反应,以在预聚物中的一些预聚物上生成CO2气体和端胺基团。然后,预聚物中的一些预聚物上的胺基团可以与其它预聚物上的异氰酸酯基团反应,并对两种物质进行扩链。虽然以下段落描述了可以并入到预聚物/聚合物中的分散基团,但是还可以利用阴离子、阳离子、非离子或两性离子型分散剂和表面活性剂或其混合物来促进预聚物/聚合物在连续介质中分散。
如果期望将预聚物(或聚合物)分散在连续的水相中,则期望将表面活性分散物质(如阴离子、阳离子、非离子或两性离子物质)添加到预聚物(或聚合物)中。这些分散物质有助于为分散相提供胶体稳定性。如果将表面活性分散基团并入到聚合物中,则期望将其包含在聚酰胺低聚物或泽雷维季诺夫反应性基团的其它源的反应中(例如,在氨基甲酸酯预聚物制备期间)。为此,具有与异氰酸酯基团反应以形成脲键或氨基甲酸酯键的泽雷维季诺夫活性基团的分散基团是特别优选的。
如果想要在水性介质中形成聚氨酯分散体,则期望包含作为表面活性剂/乳化剂或作为可以并入到聚氨酯本身中的水分散性基团的水分散性组分。因此,通常期望包含至少一种增强水分散性的化合物,即具有分散功能的单体,在本发明的形成氨基甲酸酯的聚合物和预聚物的反应物中,所述单体具有至少一个亲水、离子或潜在离子基团,以帮助聚合物/预聚物分散在水性介质中。通常,这通过(经由化合物上的一个或两个泽雷维季诺夫基团)将带有至少一个亲水基团或可以通过例如化学修饰(如中和)而亲水的基团并入到聚合物/预聚物链中来实现。这些化合物可以具有非离子、阴离子、阳离子或两性离子性质或其组合。例如,可以将如羧酸基团等阴离子基团并入到预聚物中,并随后通过如氢氧化铵或下文中更充分定义的叔胺等成盐化合物进行离子化。基于羧酸基团的阴离子分散性氨基甲酸酯预聚物/聚氨酯的酸值通常为约1到约60mg KOH/克,典型地1到约40mg KOH/克,或甚至10到35mg KOH/克、或12到30mg KOH/克、或14到25mg KOH/克。其它增强水分散性的化合物还可以通过氨基甲酸酯键或脲键(包含侧向或端亲水性环氧乙烷或脲基单元)反应到氨基甲酸酯预聚物主链中。
特别关注的增强水分散性的化合物是可以将弱羧基并入到预聚物中的那些化合物。通常,所述化合物衍生自具有通式(HO)xQ(COOH)y的羟基羧酸,其中Q为含有1到12个碳原子的直链或支链烃基,并且x和y为1到3。此类羟基羧酸的实例包含二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、乙醇酸、乳酸、苹果酸、二羟基苹果酸、二羟基酒石酸等以及其混合物。二羟基羧酸是更优选的,其中二羟甲基丙酸和二羟甲基丁酸是最优选的。
另一组特别关注的增强水分散性的化合物是侧链亲水单体。一些实例包含环氧烷烃聚合物和共聚物,其中环氧烷烃基团具有2-10个碳原子,如例如美国专利第6,897,281号中所示出的,所述美国公开的公开内容通过引用并入本文中。存在可商购获得的聚醚,其中聚醚的一端附近的两个端羟基可以作为非离子分散部分并入到氨基甲酸酯和氨基甲酸酯预聚物中。这些具有以拴系的方式从聚醚的两个连接点延伸到聚醚的一端处的氨基甲酸酯的聚醚的显著部分。这些包含US 6,897,381中使用的D3403和来自柏思拓公司(Perstop)的YmerTMN-120。
增强水分散性的化合物可以将阳离子性质施加到聚氨酯上。阳离子聚氨酯含有构建到主链中或连接到所述主链的阳离子中心。此类阳离子中心包含铵基团、磷基团和硫基团。这些基团可以以离子形式聚合到主链中,或任选地,所述基团可以通过对应氮、磷或硫部分的后中和或后季铵化而生成。可以使用所有上述基团的组合以及它们与非离子稳定化的组合。胺的实例包含N-甲基二乙醇胺和可从亨斯迈(Huntsman)公司以商标名购得的氨基醇,如DPA、ZF-10、Z-110、ZR-50等。它们几乎可以与任何酸制备盐。酸的实例包含盐酸、硫酸、乙酸、磷酸、硝酸、高氯酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、氯乙酸、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸、马来酸、丙烯酸2-羧乙酯等。季铵化剂包含甲基氯、乙基氯、烷基卤、苄基氯、甲基溴、乙基溴、苄基溴、硫酸二甲酯、硫酸二乙酯、氯乙酸、酸等。季铵化二醇的实例包含二甲基二乙醇氯化铵和N,N-二甲基-双(羟乙基)甲磺酸季铵盐。
其它适合的增强水分散性的化合物包含巯基乙酸、2,6-二羟基苯甲酸、磺基间苯二甲酸、聚乙二醇等以及其混合物。
尽管优选使用增强水分散性的化合物,但是可以通过使用高剪切分散方法并通过表面活性剂稳定而在不使用所述化合物的情况下制备本发明的分散体。
多异氰酸酯
适合的多异氰酸酯平均具有约两个或更多个异氰酸酯基团,优选地每个分子平均具有约两个到约四个异氰酸酯基团,并且包含单独使用或以两种或更多种的混合物使用的脂肪族、环脂族、芳脂族、芳香族和杂环多异氰酸酯以及它们的低聚产物。二异氰酸酯是更优选的。多异氰酸酯可以具有式其中RQ是5到20个碳原子的亚烃基,任选地包含一个或多个环状脂肪族结构或一个或多个芳香族环,并且Z为1到4,更合乎期望地1到3并且优选地平均主要为2。
适合的脂肪族多异氰酸酯的具体实例包含具有5到20个碳原子的α,ω-亚烷基二异氰酸酯,如六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯、1,12-十二烷二异氰酸酯、2,2,4-三甲基-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,4,4-三甲基-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2-甲基-1,5-五亚甲基二异氰酸酯等。可以使用具有少于5个碳原子的多异氰酸酯,但是由于它们的高挥发性和毒性而不太优选。优选的脂肪族多异氰酸酯包含六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯、2,2,4-三甲基-六亚甲基-二异氰酸酯和2,4,4-三甲基-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯。
适合的脂环族多异氰酸酯的具体实例包含二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(可从拜耳公司(Bayer Corporation)以DesmodurTMW商购获得)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯、1,3-双-(异氰酸基甲基)环己烷等。优选的脂环族多异氰酸酯包含二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯。
适合的芳脂族多异氰酸酯的具体实例包含间四甲基亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯、对四甲基亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯、1,4-二甲苯基二异氰酸酯、1,3-二甲苯基二异氰酸酯等。优选的芳脂族多异氰酸酯为四甲基亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯。
适合的芳香族多异氰酸酯的实例包含4,4'-二苯基亚甲基二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、其异构体、萘二异氰酸酯等。优选的芳香族多异氰酸酯包含4,4'-二苯基亚甲基二异氰酸酯和甲苯二异氰酸酯。
适合的杂环异氰酸酯的实例包含5,5'-亚甲基双糠基异氰酸酯和5,5'-亚异丙基双糠基异氰酸酯。
与其它聚合物的常规共混物
形成为本发明分散体的含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物可以与相容的聚合物(即,第二聚合物)和/或聚合物分散体通过本领域技术人员熟知的方法进行组合。通常,第二聚合物可以与分散体中的含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或脲键的聚合物区别开来,因为所述第二聚合物将不共价键合到所述含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或脲键的聚合物中,和/或其将具有少于规定量的限定本公开的独特聚合物的式I和/或II胺重复单元。此类聚合物、聚合物溶液和分散体包含A.S.Teot,“水溶性树脂”,《柯克-奥斯莫化工大全(Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology)》,约翰威利父子公司(John Wiley&Sons),第3版,第20卷,H.F.Mark等人编辑,第207-230页(1982)中描述的那些。
提供更好的相间渗透的复合聚合物组合物(例如,具有自由基可聚合单体的聚脲/氨基甲酸酯)
在一个实施例中,可以将一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体用作溶剂,以在制备和分散预聚物或含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物的过程中降低预聚物的黏度,并且随后使一种或多种不饱和单体聚合以形成聚合物。烯键式不饱和单体和其它自由基可聚合单体可以通过常规自由基源而聚合,以在含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物颗粒内形成聚合物,从而与分散体的含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物形成复合聚合物。乙烯基聚合物是衍生自不饱和单体的相当大部分的聚合物或衍生自那些单体的聚合物的通称。丙烯酸(通常被认为是乙烯基的子集)将指代丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸的酯和烷基丙烯酸酯(如甲基丙烯酸酯和乙基丙烯酸酯)以及由此得到的聚合物。各种苯乙烯和烷基取代的苯乙烯型单体(包含二乙烯基苯、(甲基)丙烯腈、乙烯基酯(如乙酸乙烯酯)、不饱和酰胺(如丙烯酰胺)、4到6个碳原子的二烯、其上具有分散部分的乙烯基单体(如AMP单体,2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)和其它乙烯基单体容易与丙烯酸单体共聚。另外的自由基可聚合材料(例如,其它不饱和单体)可以添加到乙烯基或丙烯酸单体中以进行共聚。这些其它单体可以是在技术上不是烯键式不饱和的单体,如马来酸酐、马来酸以及碳-碳双键几乎与烯键式不饱和单体一样具有反应性(并且可与其共聚)的其它单体。二烯被认为是烯键式不饱和的,并且与广义的乙烯基单体和狭义的丙烯酸单体共聚。
聚氨酯颗粒内的聚合可以通过形成含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或脲键聚合物复合物的水性分散体并且然后在存在这些分散体的情况下通过乳液或悬浮液聚合而聚合另外的单体来完成。制备复合聚合物的另一种方法是在呈预聚物形式的含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或脲键的聚合物中包含烯键式不饱和单体,例如,与反应物一起形成预聚物和/或在聚氨酯预聚物分散之前的任何时间,并使这些单体在预聚物分散在水性介质中之前、期间和/或之后聚合。在一个实施例中,基于100份组合的含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物和自由基可聚合单体以及任何另外的共混或并入的聚合物,来自自由基可聚合单体(或来自所述自由基可聚合单体的聚合物)的一种或多种聚合物的重量百分比将为含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物分散体中的组合聚合物的至少1、5或10重量百分比,合乎期望的是高达30、40或50重量百分比。
在一种方法中,自由基可聚合单体(烯键式不饱和单体)在预聚物形成过程中充当稀释剂(或增塑剂)。在具有和不具有自由基可聚合单体(例如,丙烯酸树脂)或其聚合物的情况下,本发明的含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物的复合物可以通过这些方法中的任何一种制备。
在水性介质中分散的复合和/或混杂聚合物的拓宽定义
复合物(还称为混杂组合物)可以允许人们调节聚酰胺重复单元相对于含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物中的其它重复单元(例如,任选的聚醚、聚碳酸酯、聚酯链段、聚硅氧烷等)的重量百分比以优化消光效果或光泽度读数。因此,这种技术提供了若干种独立控制复合聚氨酯颗粒中的聚酰胺的量的方法,所述方法可以对复合颗粒的极性或氢键、复合颗粒的表面张力和/或模量、复合聚合物在特定的关键温度下的拉伸强度等产生影响。
通过术语复合和/或混杂,我们旨在包含具有富含聚酰胺的聚合物类型的其它聚合物的各种混合物,如含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物。含有聚酰胺链段的聚合物可以具有直接或间接连接到聚酰胺链段的其它共聚单体或共聚单体链段。这些共聚单体可以包含聚醚、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚硅氧烷等。复合和/或混杂分散体的复合和/或混杂聚合物具有与所公开的水中的聚氨酯分散体大致相同的粒度范围。
复合和/或混杂聚合物分散体在聚合物内可以具有如先前公开的阴离子、非离子或两性离子胶体稳定基团。
水可以存在的量为呈水性介质中分散体形式的含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物的约10、20或30重量百分比到约70、80或90wt.%。通常,对于相同量的聚合物,较低的水含量节省运输成本,但是当水含量降至最低时,分散体的黏性往往会升高。
在一个实施例中,期望含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物或其中第二聚合物或第三聚合物中的一种聚合物部分交联,以增加聚合物的物理特性,如拉伸强度和模量。这可以通过向分散体中的聚合物添加各种交联官能度或向呈分散体形式的含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物添加单独的交联组分来实现。交联组分可以包含多异氰酸酯、封闭型多异氰酸酯、氮丙啶、酮-肼交联等。多异氰酸酯、封闭型多异氰酸酯和酮-肼交联各自是优选的类型。
封闭型异氰酸酯(例如,MEKO)或1,3-二羰基化合物类型(例如,DEM)的反应性交联部分允许通过单组分系统递送二组分性能。若干种类型的化合物可以用作封闭剂(又称为保护剂或掩蔽剂),以为氨基甲酸酯聚合物和涂层组合物提供交联功能。它们的作用是暂时保护异氰酸酯基团不受不期望反应的影响。封闭化合物的主要要求是其与异氰酸酯的反应是可逆的。当反应逆转时,异氰酸酯基团再生,并且在解封后可用于另外的反应。解封反应可以通过物理或化学手段来触发,例如,通过升高的温度、辐射、真空、催化剂、具有活性氢的化合物或其组合。丙二酸盐(如DEM)是封闭化合物的变型,因为丙二酸盐确实能封闭异氰酸酯基团与如水发生不期望的反应,但当与含羟基的基材组合而不是在交联期间在较高温度下解封时,丙二酸盐在较低温度下反应以与此类活性羟基形成化学键。
反应性交联部分(包含封闭剂)的实例包含1,3-二羰基化合物、肟和其它N-羟基化合物、苯酚、醇、内酰胺、咪唑、吡唑、酸、硫醇、酰亚胺、仲胺、氰乙酸酯、丙二腈和其衍生物以及亚硫酸盐。优选的反应性交联剂(包含封闭剂)为1,3-二羰基化合物(二羰基甲烷)(U.S.2,826,526)。实例包含乙酰丙酮和其衍生物、乙酰乙酸烷基酯、乙酰乙酸烷氧基烷基酯、巴比妥酸和其衍生物。可以使反应性交联部分反应到预聚物中,并且然后反应到聚氨酯中,或者所述反应性交联部分可以是单独的基于异氰酸酯的化合物/部分(例如,封闭型多异氰酸酯部分或多异氰酸酯和1,3-二羰基化合物的反应产物),所述化合物/部分反应以交联聚氨酯或将聚氨酯结合到基材上。
肟是另一组通常优选的封闭剂。肟可以由通式CRR'=NOH表示,其中R和R'可以独立地为H或CnH2n+1。R和R'还可以含有脂环族、芳香族基团和具有杂原子的基团,所述杂原子包含杂环基团。当R和R'中的一者或两者为氢时,肟可以为醛肟,或者当R和R'两者均为烃基(合乎期望地,具有1到12个碳原子的烷基)时,肟可以为酮肟。醛肟的实例包含甲醛肟、乙醛肟、丙醛肟、丁醛肟、苯甲醛肟等。酮肟的实例包含乙酰肟、丁酮肟、甲基乙基酮肟(MEKO)、甲基异丁基酮肟、环戊酮肟、环己酮肟、苯乙酮肟等。1,3-二羰基化合物和肟可以单独使用或组合使用。它们可以被其它封闭剂部分代替。
其它封闭剂包含内酰胺、仲醇和叔醇、苯酚、吡唑、硫醇、正羟基化合物以及其混合物。其它适合的封闭剂的一些具体实例包含三唑、四唑、咪唑、己内酰胺、苯酚以及其衍生物,如羟基苯甲酸的酯、吡唑、3,5-二甲基吡唑、二丁胺、二异丙胺、哌啶、哌嗪、叔丁醇、环己醇、异丙醇、碳酸甘油酯、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺、羟基吡啶和异羟肟酸的酯。如果期望逐步反应,则两种或更多种封闭剂的组合是优选的,特别是在不同温度下解封的封闭剂的混合物。
异氰酸酯封闭反应实际上可以在PUD合成的任何阶段进行,并且通常在高于30℃的温度下进行。反应时间不同,并且取决于温度和异氰酸酯、封闭剂和其它成分的类型和浓度。封闭反应可以通过使用催化剂来加速。适合的催化剂包含布朗斯台德碱(base)和/或路易斯酸(Lewis acid)。实例包含碱金属醇盐和酚盐以及金属羧酸盐。
解封可以发生在扩链期间或聚合物干燥期间和/或单独固化期间。通常,优选使用将在干燥或固化期间从聚合物中蒸发的封闭剂。在这些情况下,低分子量封闭剂(如丙二酸二甲酯、丙二酸二乙酯、丙酮肟、丁酮肟、丁醛肟等)是优选的。
本发明的封闭型异氰酸酯还可以与其它交联化学组合使用,如“功能性胶乳和热固性胶乳膜(Functional Latex and Thermoset Latex Films)”,J.W.Taylor、M.A.Winnik,《涂层技术研究期刊(J.Coatings Tech.,Research)》,第1卷,第3期,第163页(2004)中所概述的,其通过引用并入本文中。这些包含基于三聚氰胺的交联剂、金属羧酸盐、氮丙啶、碳二亚胺、环氧化物、不饱和化合物、乙酰乙酸官能聚合物和酮官能聚合物以及添加剂、烯胺和胺交联、异氰酸酯和自封闭型异氰酸酯、OH-官能聚酯和丙烯酸酯、酸官能树脂和羟烷基酰胺。
在涉及酮-肼交联的一个实施例中,含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物中的酮可交联官能团的量将为每克所述聚合物分散体至少0.05毫当量、或至多约1毫当量,优选地约0.05到约0.5毫当量,并且更优选地每克所述聚合物分散体约0.1到约0.3毫当量。在所述实施例中,酮基团可以在含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物上和/或在来自烯键式不饱和单体的聚合物上。在另一个实施例中,至少10、20、30、40或50wt.%的所述含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物具有至少一个化学键合到所述聚氨酯的每个聚氨酯链上的酮基团。在另一个实施例中,呈分散体形式的所述含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物进一步包括肼和/或酰肼基团(有时呈低分子量物质的形式并且有时呈具有酰肼基团的聚合物的形式),所述肼和/或酰肼基团的量为在呈分散体形式的所述含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物中10摩尔%到约100或200摩尔%的酮基团。这提供了与肼的酮化学反应,从而形成可以起到化学交联作用的化学键。通常,当添加肼以进行交联时,由于肼对人体的潜在的不期望反应,因此不使用过量的肼。在一个实施例中,期望肼或酰肼基团的量为酮官能基团的量的约20到100摩尔%。
在一个实施例中,所述肼和/或酰肼基团是分子量小于400、300或220克/摩尔的反应性肼或酰肼化合物(如己二酸二酰肼)的一部分。在另一个实施例中,存在所述酰肼基团,并且所述酰肼基团是分子量为300或400克/摩尔到500,000克/摩尔的酰肼反应性低聚物或聚合物化合物的一部分。
在另一个实施例中,来自自由基可聚合单体的所述聚合物包括平均每克聚合物一个或多个(按干燥聚合物的重量计,更合乎期望地高达约1毫当量,优选地约0.05到约0.5毫当量,并且更优选地每克来自自由基可聚合单体的所述聚合物约0.1到约0.3毫当量)酮基团,并且所述分散体进一步包括肼和/或肼基,按所述酮基团的摩尔数计,所述肼和/或肼基的量为10摩尔%到约200摩尔%。
以上所描述的酮-肼交联在氨基甲酸酯和丙烯酸聚合物分散体领域中是众所周知的,当挥发性碱蒸发并且溶液的pH值从弱碱性变为中性或pH酸性时,所述酮-肼交联在约室温下可作为聚合物分散体的有效交联剂。US 8,901,244教导了通过酮-肼交联而在水中交联或增加分子量的氨基甲酸酯和相关化合物。此技术有时也称为偶氮甲碱键。
呈分散体形式的含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物还可以包括阴离子、非离子或两性离子表面活性剂以帮助使分散体胶体稳定。
工艺
根据本发明,本公开的含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物的预聚物通过在基本上无水的情况下从由泽雷维季诺夫反应性基团与多异氰酸酯反应(如水与异氰酸酯基团反应)形成预聚物并且然后将这种预聚物分散到水性介质中来制备。这可以通过本领域已知的任何方法来实现。通常,预聚物的形成将通过使预聚物的成分本体聚合或溶液聚合来实现。
一旦形成氨基甲酸酯预聚物混合物,任选地将分散部分并入到所述预聚物/聚合物中,将所述预聚物/聚合物分散在水性介质中以形成分散体或溶液。将预聚物分散在水性介质中可以通过任何常规技术进行,其方式与通过本体聚合或溶液聚合制备的聚氨酯预聚物分散在水中的方式相同。通常,这将通过将预聚物共混物与水性介质通过混合而组合来完成。在采用溶剂聚合的情况下,如果需要,可以任选地从最终分散体中蒸馏出溶剂和其它挥发性组分。如果预聚物包含足够的增强水分散性的化合物(例如,阴离子、阳离子和/或非离子单体)以在不添加乳化剂(表面活性剂)的情况下形成稳定的分散体,则可以在不使用此类化合物的情况下制备分散体,即如果需要,基本上不含分子量小于200克/摩尔的表面活性剂。这种方法的优点是,在不使用低分子量表面活性剂的情况下,由含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物制备的涂层或其它产品表现出较低的水敏性、通常更好的成膜性和较少起泡。
制备水性聚氨酯分散体的其它已知方式还可以用于制备本发明的分散体。他们的评论可以在若干出版物中找到,包含D.Dieterich的《有机涂层进展(Progress in OrganicCoatings)》,第9卷,第281-340页(1981)。工艺实例包含:
剪切混合-通过剪切力用乳化剂(外部乳化剂(如表面活性剂)或具有阴离子、非离子、阳离子和/或两性离子基团的内部乳化剂,所述基团作为聚合物主链的一部分或侧悬到聚合物主链上和/或作为聚合物主链上的端基)分散预聚物。
丙酮工艺-在存在或不存在丙酮、MEK和/或其它极性溶剂的情况下形成预聚物,这些溶剂与异氰酸酯不反应并且易于蒸馏。根据需要将预聚物进一步稀释在所述溶剂中,并用含活性氢的化合物对其进行扩链。将水添加到扩链的聚合物中,并蒸馏出所述溶剂。此工艺的变化将是在预聚物分散到水性介质中后,对其进行扩链。
熔体分散工艺-形成异氰酸酯封端的预聚物,并且然后使其与过量的氨或脲反应以形成具有端脲或缩二脲基团的低分子量低聚物。将这种低聚物分散在水性介质中,并且通过缩二脲基团与甲醛的羟甲基化进行扩链。
酮连氮和酮亚胺工艺-使肼或二胺与酮反应以形成酮连氮或酮亚胺。将其添加到预聚物中,并且使其对异氰酸酯保持惰性。当预聚物分散在水中时,肼或二胺被释放,并且随着分散的进行而发生扩链。
连续工艺聚合-形成异氰酸酯封端的预聚物。将这种预聚物泵送通过一个或多个高剪切混合头并分散到水中,并且然后在所述一个或多个混合头处进行扩链或在所述一个或多个混合头处同时分散并进行扩链。这通过由预聚物(或中和的预聚物)、任选的中和剂、水和任选的扩链剂和/或表面活性剂组成的多个流来完成。
反向进料工艺-在搅拌下将水和一种或多种任选的中和剂和/或一种或多种增量剂胺加入预聚物中。可以在添加水和/或二胺扩链剂之前中和预聚物。
添加剂和应用
可能期望在本公开的呈分散体形式的预聚物和含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物中包含聚结助剂,以帮助促进聚合物颗粒在所期望温度下彼此聚结并且与组合物中的任何固体添加剂聚结。根据它们的功能,聚结助剂也可以称为溶剂或增塑剂。一种聚结助剂是较早与复合聚合物共混物一起讨论的自由基可聚合单体(乙烯基单体)。优选的乙烯基单体包含甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸乙基己酯、丙烯酸乙酯和苯乙烯。聚结溶剂包含二甘醇二甲醚、二丙二醇二甲醚、碳酸二甲酯、异丙醇、二丁二醇二甲醚和Texanol(2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇的异丁酸酯)。
中和剂可以任选地用于本发明的分散体和由此类分散体制备的涂层组合物中。如果阴离子稳定,则组合物的pH的范围可以为约7到约10。适合的中和剂包含但不限于碱金属氢氧化物(如锂、钠和钾)、以及有机碱,如氨和叔胺,如三乙醇胺、氨基甲基丙醇、二甲基乙醇胺、三甲胺、三乙胺吗啉以及其混合物。
交联剂
如果需要,还可以将具有至少一个可交联官能团的化合物并入到本发明的聚脲/氨基甲酸酯中。此类化合物的实例包含那些具有羧基、羰基、胺基、羟基、环氧基、乙酰乙酸基、烯烃基和酰肼基、封闭型异氰酸酯等的化合物以及此类基团和呈受保护形式的相同基团的混合物,所述相同基团可以被逆转成其衍生自的原始基团。提供交联能力的其它适合的化合物包含巯基乙酸、2,6-二羟基苯甲酸、三聚氰胺和其衍生物、多价金属化合物等以及其混合物。
按干重计,含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物的预聚物中的具有可交联官能团的任选化合物的量通常将为每克聚氨酯分散体中的一种或多种最终聚合物的至多约1毫当量,优选地约0.05到约0.5毫当量,并且更优选地约0.1到约0.3毫当量。
本领域技术人员熟知的其它添加剂可以用于帮助制备本发明的分散体。此类添加剂包含表面活性剂、稳定剂、消泡剂、增稠剂、流平剂、抗微生物剂、抗氧化剂、UV吸收剂、阻燃剂、颜料、染料等。这些添加剂可以在制造过程的任何阶段添加。
按总涂层组合物的重量计,一方面,本发明的分散体中的总固体通常为至少约20重量百分比,另一方面为至少约30重量百分比,在另外的方面为至少约40重量百分比,并且在仍另一方面为至少约45重量百分比。
作为涂层组合物或粘合剂,它们可以通过任何常规方法(包含刷涂、浸涂、流涂、喷涂等)涂覆到任何基材(包含木材、金属、玻璃、布料、皮革、纸张、塑料、泡沫等)上。
本公开的涂层和膜上的光泽度读取可以根据ASTM D523-14完成。可以在20°、60°或85°的几何角度下进行测量。合乎期望地,3密耳(0.076mm)厚涂层在60°时的光泽度值小于60,更合乎期望地小于40,并且优选地小于20。合乎期望地,雾度值在此类光泽度值下相对较低,使得雾度值小于5,更合乎期望地小于4或3,并且优选地小于2。60°下光泽度为20的常规二氧化硅展平剂通常将生成大于5或10的雾度值。光泽度与表面在接近镜面的方向上反射更多光的能力有关。测量结果与在相似角度下对表面发光度进行的视觉观察相关。光泽度评估还涉及表面外观的其它视觉方面,如相关图像的清晰度、反射雾度和纹理。用于测量光泽度和雾度的合乎期望的基材包含冷轧金属(任选地打底漆)、玻璃板、如Mylar等聚酯膜和Leneta图(如果要测量雾度,任选地为黑色)。
本发明的组合物和其调配物可用作各种基材上的自支撑膜、涂层、油墨和粘合剂,其消光或光泽度由式I到IV胺重复单元的聚酰胺调节。本公开的组合物特别适用于木材和金属涂层,其中现有技术的消光剂通常通过染色材料或破坏或腐蚀基材的材料(如水)来增加涂层的孔隙率或渗透性。本公开的组合物在用于运输车辆和其它原始设备制造商的金属涂层中特别有用,其中低、中或高消光饰面可以与其它领域的高光泽度饰面形成很好的对比。本公开的组合物在清晰或高度透明的基材上特别有用,其中人们希望避免眩光或光反射到其它表面上或阻挡/模糊基材的另一侧上的物体的识别,而不减少通过基材的总透射光。这些含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物具有通过涂层的高光透射率,而足够的消光性可以基本上阻挡/模糊基材的另一侧上的物体但仍然允许基本上所有入射光通过涂层。其它现有技术的消光剂使用矿物添加剂来调节消光,并且这些矿物添加剂具有比这种聚酰胺更高的折射率,并且因此由于聚合物黏合剂与消光剂之间的折射率差异而反射回更多的入射光。
工作实例
在这些实例中,使用了以下试剂:
氢化二聚酸-DA
癸二酸-SA
十二烷二酸-DDA
己内酯-CPL
4,4'-亚甲基双(环己胺)-MHMDA
4,4'-亚甲基双(2-甲基环己胺)-HMDA
1,2-环己烷二胺-CHDA
异佛尔酮二胺-IDA
聚酮二醇为2摩尔乙酰丙酸与1摩尔双酚A二缩水甘油醚和0.5-0.7摩尔二异氰酸酯进行偶联的反应产物。
聚碳酸酯是Eternacoll PH100,其是UBE出售的脂肪族聚碳酸酯,据信为分子量为约1000克/摩尔的二醇,带有碳酸酯与1,6-己二醇和1,5-戊二醇的重复单元。
DMBA为二羟甲基丁酸。
丙烯酸酯为70wt.%甲基丙烯酸甲酯、10wt.%乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯和20wt.%辛基丙烯酰胺的共混物。
TEA为三乙醇胺。
肼为H2N=NH2,并且通常有35%的活性可用。
ADH为己二酸二酰肼,并且通常是未掺水的。
聚酮二醇合成实例.聚酮官能低聚物是通过在配备有温度计、顶部搅拌器和氮气入口的4颈烧瓶中结合下面的1-3项成分来制备的。在搅拌和氮气层下,将反应混合物的温度升至100℃到103℃,并在此温度下保持1小时。然后将温度升至110℃-114℃,并在此温度下再保持一小时。最后,将反应混合物升至121℃-125℃并在此温度下保持两小时或直到酸值<1.0(mg/g)为止。此时,添加第4项作为溶剂,然后在90℃-94℃下添加第5项,以实现先前制备的低聚物的偶联。将温度升回至116℃-120℃并保持在此温度,直到所得产品的滴定NCO小于0.1%(或基本为零)为止。最终材料具有淡琥珀色,并且在70℃%下的黏度为约5,100cps。
项目# | 材料 | 份 | MW | 摩尔 |
1 | 双酚A二缩水甘油醚(Epon 828) | 331.4 | 376 | 0.88 |
2 | 乙酰丙酸 | 202.1 | 116 | 1.74 |
3 | 三苯基膦(TPP) | 4.0 | ||
4 | 苯甲酸苄酯 | 152.6 | ||
5 | 1,6-己烷二异氰酸酯 | 73.2 | 168.2 | 0.43 |
聚酰胺1
在氮气下,将4,4'-亚甲基双(环己胺)、氢化二聚酸和癸二酸添加到2000mL搅拌反应器中,并加热到180℃。使单体反应直到聚合物的酸值降到1以下(mg KOH/g)。使反应期间形成的水从反应器中蒸发,并将反应器置于真空下持续短时间段以去除痕量的水。然后加入己内酯并使其反应6小时。最终产物是淡黄色的聚酰胺低聚物。
聚酰胺2
在氮气下,将4,4'-亚甲基双(2-甲基环己胺)、氢化二聚酸和癸烷酸添加到2000mL搅拌反应器中,并加热到180℃。使单体反应直到聚合物的酸值降到1以下(mg KOH/g)。使反应期间形成的水从反应器中蒸发,并将反应器置于真空下持续短时间段以去除痕量的水。然后加入己内酯并使其反应6小时。最终产物是淡黄色的聚酰胺低聚物。
聚酰胺3
在氮气下,将4,4'-亚甲基双(2-甲基环己胺)和己内酯添加到2000mL搅拌反应器中,并且在存在辛酸钛(钛(IV),按反应物的重量计,200ppm的2-乙基己氧基)催化剂的情况下,使其在180℃下反应12小时。最终产物是淡黄色的聚酰胺低聚物。
聚酰胺4
在氮气下,将4,4'-亚甲基双(环己胺)、哌嗪和十二烷二酸添加到2000mL搅拌反应器中,并加热到180℃。使单体反应直到聚合物的酸值降到1以下(mg KOH/g)。使反应期间形成的水从反应器中蒸发,并将反应器置于真空下持续短时间段以去除痕量的水。然后加入己内酯,并且在存在辛酸钛催化剂的情况下使其反应12小时。最终产物是淡黄色的聚酰胺低聚物。
聚酰胺5
在氮气下,将4,4'-亚甲基双(环己胺)、异佛尔酮二胺和十二烷二酸添加到2000mL搅拌反应器中,并加热到180℃。使单体反应直到聚合物的酸值降到1以下(mg KOH/g)。使反应期间形成的水从反应器中蒸发,并将反应器置于真空下持续短时间段以去除痕量的水。然后加入己内酯,并且在存在辛酸钛催化剂的情况下使其反应12小时。最终产物是淡黄色的聚酰胺低聚物。
聚酰胺6
在氮气下,将1,2-二氨基环己烷和十二烷二酸添加到2000mL搅拌反应器中,并加热到180℃。使单体反应直到聚合物的酸值降到1以下(mg KOH/g)。然后加入己内酯并使其反应6小时。最终产物是淡黄色的聚酰胺低聚物。
水性聚氨酯分散体
用于制备含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物、在水性介质中的的分散体和进行扩链的一般程序
将聚酰胺和聚碳酸酯加入到反应器中,并且加热到150℃并混合,直到获得均匀的混合物。每种聚酰胺的估计分子量示出在表I中。每种聚酰胺中的组分示出在表II中。然后将反应器冷却到120℃,并加入DesmodurTM W并在100℃下反应30分钟。将所有丙烯酸酯单体添加到预聚物中,并且在反应器变得均匀之后,将温度设定为85℃,并加入DMBA。分散体的配方示出在表IV中。使DMBA反应直到达到理论NCO,然后添加聚酮二醇。使聚酮二醇反应直到达到理论NCO。将三乙胺添加到预聚物中,并将此批料冷却到65℃-75℃,并分散到水中以形成具有20-30wt.%的聚合物和70-80wt.%的水的分散体。然后用肼对聚氨酯进行扩链,并通过添加叔丁基氢过氧化物、异抗坏血酸和EDTA-铁络合物来引发丙烯酸聚合。聚合放热30分钟后,温度升高到50℃,并保持直到所有单体反应。最终产物是形成低光泽度膜的乳白色分散体。
表I
通过端基分析和质量测定而测定的实例1-6的聚酰胺共聚物的分子量
Mn(标称) | |
1100 | 聚酰胺1 |
1100 | 聚酰胺2 |
1000 | 聚酰胺3 |
900 | 聚酰胺4 |
900 | 聚酰胺5 |
700 | 聚酰胺6 |
表II
表III
表IV
丙烯酸酯为70wt.%甲基丙烯酸甲酯、10wt.%乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯和20wt.%辛基丙烯酰胺的共混物。
表V
涂层由分散体2-6制成,并以约3密耳(0.003英寸,0.076微米(换算25.4))的厚度涂覆在Leneta图(黑色)基材上,并且根据ASTM D523-14使用Elcometer408测量光泽度和雾度值。
分散体样品 | 光泽度(60) | 雾度 |
分散体2 | 6.3 | - |
分散体3 | 18 | 4.6 |
分散体4 | 15 | 2.1 |
分散体5 | 7 | 0.8 |
分散体6 | 12 | 1.5 |
除了在实例中外或无论是否以其它方式明确指出,本说明书中指定量、反应条件、分子量、碳原子数等的所有数值应理解为由词语“约”修饰。除非以其它方式指出,否则所有百分比和调配物值均以摩尔计。除非以其它方式指出,否则所有分子量均为数均分子量。除非以其它方式指出,否则本文所提及的每种化学物或组合物应解释为商业级材料,所述材料可以含有异构体、副产物、衍生物和通常理解的存在于商业级中的其它此类材料。然而,除非以其它方式指出,否则每种化学组分的量不包括可以通常存在于商业材料中的任何溶剂或稀释剂。如本文所使用的,表达“基本上由……组成”允许包含对所考虑的组合物的基本和新颖特征没有实质性影响的物质。本文所描述的本发明的所有实施例都可以从开放式和包容性视图(即,使用“包含”语言)和封闭式和排他性视图(即,使用“由……组成”语言)中构思和读取。如本文所使用的,使用括号来指定1)任选地存在的东西,使得一种或多种单体表示一种单体或多种单体或者(甲基)丙烯酸酯表示甲基丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸酯;2)限定或进一步定义先前所提及的术语;或者3)列出更窄的实施例。
尽管出于说明本发明的目的已经示出了某些代表性实施例和细节,但是对于本领域的技术人员来说显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下,可以在其中进行各种变更和修改。
Claims (37)
1.一种在水性介质中的胶体稳定的聚合物分散体,所述聚合物含有聚酰胺低聚物和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键,所述在水性介质中的分散体包括:
a)聚酰胺低聚物,所述聚酰胺低聚物具有选自以下的胺重复单元
其中R1-R5独立地选自H或C1-C4直链或支链烷基,其中所述胺重复单元的氮端基与具有至少一个能够形成酰胺键的羰基的反应性羰基重复单元反应;
b)来自多异氰酸酯与羟基或胺基反应的至少一个重复单元;以及
c)水分散性基团,所述水分散性基团反应到含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的所述聚合物中;
进一步地,其中所述胺重复单元是所述含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或脲键的聚合物的一部分,并且所述胺重复单元是所述含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物的约4wt.%到约15wt.%;并且
进一步地,其中所述聚合物分散体进一步包括不饱和自由基可聚合单体反应物或衍生自所述不饱和自由基可聚合单体反应物的聚合物物质,按所述分散体中的聚合物的总重量计,所述不饱和自由基可聚合单体反应物或聚合物物质的量为约10wt.%到约50wt.%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水性介质中的聚合物分散体,其中所述聚酰胺低聚物具有平均每聚合物链总共约1到约10个所述式I或式II胺重复单元。
3.根据权利要求1所述的水性介质中的聚合物分散体,其中所述聚酰胺低聚物的所述胺重复基团中的至少一个连接到以下:a)以交替顺序,衍生自二羧酸的式-(C(=O)-Re-C(=O)-的重复单元,其中Re是C3-C48或58直链或支链亚烷基;b)式-C(=O)-Rf-O-的重复单元,其中Rf是C1-C14直链或支链亚烷基;或c)其组合。
4.根据权利要求3所述的聚合物分散体,其中所述聚酰胺低聚物进一步与2到15个碳原子的环状内酯或羟基羧酸反应以用聚酯重复单元对所述聚酰胺低聚物进行扩链,其中所述聚酯重复单元为所述含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或脲键的聚合物的1wt.%到75wt.%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的聚合物分散体,其中所述聚合物进一步包括:a)一个或多个聚酯链段;b)一个或多个聚碳酸酯链段;c)一个或多个聚醚链段;或d)其共混物,所述链段或其共混物化学结合到所述聚合物中或与所述分散体的所述聚合物物理共混,其中所述聚酯、聚碳酸酯或聚醚链段或其共混物占所述聚合物分散体的总聚合物重量的约2wt.%到约50wt.%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的聚合物分散体,其进一步包括交联剂或可交联基团,所述交联剂或可交联基团促进构建到所述聚合物中的交联。
7.根据权利要求1所述的水性介质中的聚合物分散体,其中所述水分散性基团选自阴离子基团、阳离子基团、非离子基团或其共混物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的聚合物分散体,其中所述水分散性基团包括阴离子水分散性基团,所述阴离子水分散性基团共价结合到或合成到所述聚合物分散体的所述至少一种聚合物中。
9.根据权利要求7所述的聚合物分散体,其中所述阴离子水分散性基团包括以约5到约40mg KOH/g聚合物的酸值存在的羧酸。
10.根据权利要求7所述的聚合物分散体,其中所述水分散性基团包括非离子低聚物,所述非离子低聚物共价结合到或合成到所述聚合物分散体的所述至少一种聚氨酯中。
11.根据权利要求7所述的聚合物分散体,其中所述水分散性基团包括阳离子水分散性基团。
12.根据权利要求5所述的聚合物分散体,其中所述聚合物包括分子量为500到5,000克/摩尔的聚碳酸酯链段,所述聚碳酸酯链段以所述分散体的所述含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物的总聚合物重量的约2wt.%到50wt.%的量存在。
13.根据权利要求1所述的聚合物分散体,其形成为自支撑膜、涂层或粘合剂。
14.根据权利要求13所述的聚合物分散体,其通过形成为适当的形状并蒸发所述水性介质而转化为基材上的自支撑膜或涂层;根据ASTM D523-14使用elcometer 408,在用于3密耳的膜或涂层厚度的情况下,所述膜或涂层在60°下的光泽度读数小于20。
15.根据权利要求14所述的聚合物分散体,其呈基材上的涂层的形式,其中所述基材为金属、木材、透明塑料或透明玻璃。
16.根据权利要求1所述的聚合物分散体,其中所述胺重复单元的R5基团的至少80摩尔%为H。
17.一种在水性介质中的胶体稳定的聚合物分散体,所述聚合物含有聚酰胺低聚物和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键,所述在水性介质中的分散体包括:
a)聚酰胺低聚物,所述聚酰胺低聚物具有选自以下的胺重复单元
其中R1-R5独立地选自H或C1-C4直链或支链烷基,其中所述胺重复单元的氮端基与具有至少一个能够形成酰胺键的羰基的反应性羰基重复单元反应;
b)来自多异氰酸酯与羟基或胺基反应的至少一个重复单元;以及
c)水分散性基团,所述水分散性基团反应到含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的所述聚合物中;
进一步地,其中所述胺重复单元是所述含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或脲键的聚合物的一部分,并且所述胺重复单元是所述含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物的约4wt.%到约15wt.%;
进一步包括至少5wt.%的具有以下结构的叔酰胺重复单元的聚酰胺:
其中Ra是所述二羧酸的亚烷基部分并且是2到58个碳原子的环状、直链或支链亚烷基,并且
其中Rb是2到60个碳原子的直链或支链亚烷基,并且Rc和Rd单独地为1到8个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,或者Rc和Rd连接在一起形成1到8个碳原子的单个直链或支链亚烷基。
19.一种在水性介质中的胶体稳定的聚合物分散体,所述聚合物含有聚酰胺低聚物和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键,所述在水性介质中的分散体包括:
a)聚酰胺低聚物,所述聚酰胺低聚物具有选自以下的胺重复单元
其中R1-R5独立地选自H或C1-C4直链或支链烷基,其中所述胺重复单元的氮端基与具有至少一个能够形成酰胺键的羰基的反应性羰基重复单元反应;
b)来自多异氰酸酯与羟基或胺基反应的至少一个重复单元;以及
c)水分散性基团,所述水分散性基团反应到含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的所述聚合物中;
进一步地,其中所述胺重复单元是所述含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或脲键的聚合物的一部分,并且所述胺重复单元是所述含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物的约4wt.%到约15wt.%;
进一步包括按所述含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物的总重量计至少10wt.%的呈分散体形式的第二聚合物,所述第二聚合物具有小于4wt.%的式I和式II胺重复单元,并且
其中所述第二聚合物是由一种或多种自由基聚合性不饱和单体形成的聚合物。
20.根据权利要求19所述的聚合物分散体,其中至少50wt.%的所述第二聚合物存在于水相中单独分散的聚合物颗粒中,并且至少50wt.%的所述单独分散的聚合物颗粒含有小于4wt.%的式I和式II组合胺重复单元。
21.根据权利要求19所述的聚合物分散体,其中至少50wt.%的所述第二聚合物与所述含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物共存于聚合物颗粒中,所述含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物的特征在于具有约4wt.%到约15wt.%的式I和/或式II胺重复单元。
22.根据权利要求19所述的聚合物分散体,其中所述第二聚合物是聚氨酯聚合物。
23.根据权利要求19所述的水性介质中的聚合物分散体,其中所述聚酰胺低聚物具有平均每聚合物链总共约1到约10个所述式I或式II胺重复单元。
24.根据权利要求19所述的水性介质中的聚合物分散体,其中所述聚酰胺低聚物的所述胺重复基团中的至少一个连接到以下:a)以交替顺序,衍生自二羧酸的式-(C(=O)-Re-C(=O)-的重复单元,其中Re是C3-C48或58直链或支链亚烷基;b)式-C(=O)-Rf-O-的重复单元,其中Rf是C1-C14直链或支链亚烷基;或c)其组合。
25.根据权利要求24所述的聚合物分散体,其中所述聚酰胺低聚物进一步与2到15个碳原子的环状内酯或羟基羧酸反应以用聚酯重复单元对所述聚酰胺低聚物进行扩链,其中所述聚酯重复单元为所述含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或脲键的聚合物的1wt.%到75wt.%。
26.根据权利要求19所述的聚合物分散体,其中所述聚合物进一步包括:a)一个或多个聚酯链段;b)一个或多个聚碳酸酯链段;c)一个或多个聚醚链段;或d)其共混物,所述链段或其共混物化学结合到所述聚合物中或与所述分散体的所述聚合物物理共混,其中所述聚酯、聚碳酸酯或聚醚链段或其共混物占所述聚合物分散体的总聚合物重量的约2wt.%到约50wt.%。
27.根据权利要求19所述的聚合物分散体,其进一步包括交联剂或可交联基团,所述交联剂或可交联基团促进构建到所述聚合物中的交联。
28.根据权利要求19所述的水性介质中的聚合物分散体,其中所述水分散性基团选自阴离子基团、阳离子基团、非离子基团或其共混物。
29.根据权利要求19所述的聚合物分散体,其中所述水分散性基团包括阴离子水分散性基团,所述阴离子水分散性基团共价结合到或合成到所述聚合物分散体的所述至少一种聚合物中。
30.根据权利要求28所述的聚合物分散体,其中所述阴离子水分散性基团包括以约5到约40mg KOH/g聚合物的酸值存在的羧酸。
31.根据权利要求28所述的聚合物分散体,其中所述水分散性基团包括非离子低聚物,所述非离子低聚物共价结合到或合成到所述聚合物分散体的所述至少一种聚氨酯中。
32.根据权利要求28所述的聚合物分散体,其中所述水分散性基团包括阳离子水分散性基团。
33.根据权利要求26所述的聚合物分散体,其中所述聚合物包括分子量为500到5,000克/摩尔的聚碳酸酯链段,所述聚碳酸酯链段以所述分散体的所述含有聚酰胺和多个氨基甲酸酯键和/或多个脲键的聚合物的总聚合物重量的约2wt.%到50wt.%的量存在。
34.根据权利要求19所述的聚合物分散体,其形成为自支撑膜、涂层或粘合剂。
35.根据权利要求34所述的聚合物分散体,其通过形成为适当的形状并蒸发所述水性介质而转化为基材上的自支撑膜或涂层;根据ASTM D523-14使用elcometer 408,在用于3密耳的膜或涂层厚度的情况下,所述膜或涂层在60°下的光泽度读数小于20。
36.根据权利要求35所述的聚合物分散体,其呈基材上的涂层的形式,其中所述基材为金属、木材、透明塑料或透明玻璃。
37.根据权利要求19所述的聚合物分散体,其中所述胺重复单元的R5基团的至少80摩尔%为H。
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US11359090B2 (en) | 2022-06-14 |
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US20220259430A1 (en) | 2022-08-18 |
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