CN115531518B - 一种用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏及其制备方法,属于兽用中药技术领域。所述中药软膏的原料按质量份数计包括:蒲公英20~30份、败酱草20~30份、忍冬藤10~16份、冰片0.5~1份、多肽0.03~0.05份、辅助乳化剂40~50份、液状石蜡40~50份、白凡士林100~130份;所述多肽的氨基酸序列为:PhePheArgLysValLeuLysLeuIleArgLysIleTrpArg。本发明通过将蒲公英、败酱草、忍冬藤以及冰片进配伍,同时加入多肽,制成软膏剂,不仅给药方便,还能有效克服首过效应,充分发挥中药毒副作用小,不易产生耐药性,无药物残留的优势。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及兽用中药技术领域,特别涉及一种用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏及其制备方法。
背景技术
奶牛的乳房炎是奶牛乳房疾病、繁殖疾病、肢蹄疾病、代谢疾病四大疾病中危害最严重的一种疾病,是奶农在奶牛养殖过程中遇到的一种很棘手、也很常见的疾病,给奶牛生产带来了严重的危害和损失。奶牛乳房炎在临床上分为临床乳房炎和隐性乳房炎。病原微生物以大肠杆CF菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌为主。
多年来,治疗奶牛乳房炎的首选药物一直是抗生素。但是长期反复使用抗生素,会使病原微生物对抗生素产生耐药性,且奶品中抗生素残留增加也会直接影响牛奶的质量,并间接对人类的健康产生不利影响。
中药防治奶牛乳房炎疾病具有良好的效果,中药能够弥补抗生素易造成的病原菌耐药和抗生素残留的不足,从而备受青睐。虽然中药具有治愈率高、安全绿色、无残留、不易产生耐药性等优点,但目前治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药组合物仍存在药效欠佳的缺点,且中药给药途径的不同,药效也存在巨大差异。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏及其制备方法。通过将蒲公英、败酱草、忍冬藤以及冰片进行配伍,同时加入多肽,制成软膏剂,不仅给药方便,还能有效克服首过效应,充分发挥中药毒副作用小,不易产生耐药性,无药物残留的优势。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
本发明技术方案之一:提供一种用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏,原料按质量份数计包括:蒲公英20~30份、败酱草20~30份、忍冬藤10~16份、冰片0.5~1份、多肽0.03~0.05份、辅助乳化剂40~50份、液状石蜡40~50份、白凡士林100~130份;
所述多肽的氨基酸序列为:
Phe Phe Arg Lys Val Leu Lys Leu Ile Arg Lys Ile Trp Arg。
优选地,所述辅助乳化剂为单硬酯酸甘油酯。
优选地,原料按质量份数计还包括:抗氧剂0.5~1份和防腐剂0.5~1份。
优选地,所述抗氧剂为没食子酸烷酯或丁羟基甲苯;所述防腐剂为羟苯乙酯。
本发明技术方案之二:提供一种上述用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将蒲公英、败酱草、忍冬藤加入到乙醇水溶液中,提取,浓缩,制得中药浓缩液;
(2)将冰片与部分液状石蜡研磨至共熔;加入剩余液状石蜡和熔融状态的白凡士林,保温,加入辅助乳化剂,搅拌均匀,加入所述中药浓缩液和多肽,均质,冷却,制得用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述乙醇水溶液中乙醇的体积分数为70~75%;所述提取的温度为80~90℃。
提取液使用乙醇水溶液,能够有效提取出中药材中的醇溶性及水溶性组分,提升消炎效果。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述中药浓缩液中的生药含量为1~1.5g/mL。
优选地,所述浓缩采用煮沸浓缩,目的是尽量去除浓缩液中的乙醇组分,避免后期与多肽混合制备软膏剂时破坏多肽活性。
优选地,步骤(2)中所述熔融状态的白凡士林的温度为50~55℃;所述保温为将温度保持在50~55℃。
所述熔融状态的白凡士林的制备步骤为:先将白凡士林加热至80~90℃,待完全熔融后,降温至50~55℃。
优选地,步骤(2)中所述均质的速度为3500~4000rpm,时间为10~15min。
本发明所用中药材如下:
蒲公英,性寒,味苦、甘;具有清热解毒,消肿散结,利尿通淋的功效;主治疔疮肿毒,乳痈,瘰疬,目赤,咽痛,肺痈,肠痈,湿热黄疸,热淋涩痛。
败酱草,性凉,味辛、苦;具有清热解毒,祛痰排脓的功效;主治肠痈,肺痈,痢疾,产后瘀血腹痛,痈肿疔疮。
忍冬藤,性寒,味甘;具有清热解毒,疏风通络的功效;主治温病发热,热毒血痢,痈肿疮疡,风湿热痹,关节红肿热痛。
冰片,微寒,味辛、苦;清香宣散,具有开窍醒神,清热散毒,明目退翳的功效,主治热病高热神昏,中风痰厥惊痫,暑湿蒙蔽清窍,喉痹耳聋,口疮齿肿,疮痈疳痔,目赤肿痛,翳膜遮睛。
中兽医认为,奶牛乳房炎属乳痈范畴。多因肝气郁滞,乳汁瘀积,兼感风寒之邪结聚而发。治宜舒肝理气,活血清热,通乳散结。
本发明中蒲公英、败酱草和忍冬藤均能清热解毒,蒲公英长于疏郁散结,尤善治乳痈,败酱草善于破瘀排脓,且治内痈,配以散热解毒,治诸肿毒的忍冬藤,能够对奶牛乳房炎起到良好的治疗作用,加入的冰片不仅清热散毒,还能增强透皮效果,用于中药软膏剂中,能够增强药物的透皮吸收效果。由于奶牛乳房炎主要由病原微生物引起,本发明加入的多肽具备提高病原微生物对药物敏感性的作用,在中药软膏中加入多肽后,能够明显提升其消炎效果。
本发明的有益技术效果如下:
本发明针对奶牛乳房炎的病因,通过将蒲公英、败酱草、忍冬藤以及冰片进行合理配伍,各药物相互配合,有效发挥活血清热,通乳散结的作用,同时配合加入的具备提高病原微生物对药物敏感性的多肽,对奶牛乳房炎具有非常好的治理效果。
本发明将治疗药物制成软膏剂,不仅给药方便,还能有效克服首过效应,充分发挥中药毒副作用小,不易产生耐药性,无药物残留的优势。同时,本发明提供的制备方法简单,利于大规模推广。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。
另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值,以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
如无特别说明,本发明实施例及对比例中所述多肽均指氨基酸序列为Phe PheArg Lys Val Leu Lys Leu Ile Arg Lys Ile Trp Arg的多肽,来源为湖南科技学院,制备技术参考公布号为CN111529683A的专利文件。
实施例1
用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏的制备:
(1)取蒲公英30份、败酱草30份、忍冬藤10份,按料液比1:10加入体积分数为75%的乙醇水溶液,80℃回流提取1h,滤过,滤渣按料液比1:5继续加入体积分数为75%的乙醇水溶液,80℃回流提取1h,滤过,合并两次提取的滤液,煮沸浓缩至生药含量为1.5g/mL,得到中药浓缩液,备用;
(2)将白凡士林加热至80℃,待其完全熔融后冷却至50℃,得到熔融状态的白凡士林,备用;
(3)取0.5份冰片,加入10份液状石蜡,研磨至共熔;加入剩余的30份液状石蜡以及步骤(2)所得熔融状态的白凡士林100份,将混合物的温度保持在50~55℃,加入单硬酯酸甘油酯40份,搅拌均匀后加入步骤(1)所得中药浓缩液、多肽0.05份、没食子酸烷酯0.5份和羟苯乙酯0.5份,3500rpm均质15min,冷却至室温,制得用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏。
实施例2
用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏的制备:
(1)取蒲公英25份、败酱草25份、忍冬藤16份,按料液比1:10加入体积分数为75%的乙醇水溶液,80℃回流提取1h,滤过,滤渣按料液比1:5继续加入体积分数为75%的乙醇水溶液,80℃回流提取1h,滤过,合并两次提取的滤液,煮沸浓缩至生药含量为1.0g/mL,得到中药浓缩液,备用;
(2)将白凡士林加热至80℃,待其完全熔融后冷却至50℃,得到熔融状态的白凡士林,备用;
(3)取0.7份冰片,加入10份液状石蜡,研磨至共熔;加入剩余的35份液状石蜡以及步骤(2)所得熔融状态的白凡士林120份,将混合物的温度保持在50~55℃,加入单硬酯酸甘油酯50份,搅拌均匀后加入步骤(1)所得中药浓缩液、多肽0.03份、没食子酸烷酯0.5份和羟苯乙酯1份,3500rpm均质15min,冷却至室温,制得用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏。
实施例3
用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏的制备:
(1)取蒲公英25份、败酱草20份、忍冬藤14份,按料液比1:10加入体积分数为70%的乙醇水溶液,90℃回流提取1h,滤过,滤渣按料液比1:5继续加入体积分数为70%的乙醇水溶液,90℃回流提取1h,滤过,合并两次提取的滤液,煮沸浓缩至生药含量为1.2g/mL,得到中药浓缩液,备用;
(2)将白凡士林加热至90℃,待其完全熔融后冷却至50℃,得到熔融状态的白凡士林,备用;
(3)取1份冰片,加入15份液状石蜡,研磨至共熔;加入剩余的35份液状石蜡以及步骤(2)所得熔融状态的白凡士林130份,将混合物的温度保持在50~55℃,加入单硬酯酸甘油酯45份,搅拌均匀后加入步骤(1)所得中药浓缩液、多肽0.05份、没食子酸烷酯1份和羟苯乙酯0.5份,4000rpm均质10min,冷却至室温,制得用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏。
对比例1
用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏的制备:
与实施例1相比,区别在于,省略多肽的加入,其他步骤与实施例1相同。
效果验证:
在湖南某奶牛养殖场选取利用上海乳房炎检验法(SMT)检测为乳房炎的奶牛50头,其中20头用实施例1制备的用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏外涂,20头用对比例1制备的用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏外涂,用量为每日2次,持续5天,每次用药量为2g;剩余10头将奶牛乳房的全部乳汁排出后,乳房灌注青霉素10万IU,作为对照组。
治愈标准:停药1天后,采用氢氧化钠凝乳检测呈阴性判段为治愈。
各实验组的治疗效果见表1。
表1各实验组治疗效果
从表1中可以看出,本发明加入的多肽能够明显提升中药组合物的治疗效果,原因可能为本发明所加入的多肽能够提升致病微生物对中药提取物的敏感性,因而加入多肽后能够明显提升所制得中药软膏剂的治疗效果。
为证实上述猜想,本发明对各实施例制备的中药浓缩液的抗菌效果进行了验证,方法如下:
(1)取生长于普通营养琼脂平板上的金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌,用接种环蘸取少量菌落,接种到5mL的MH肉汤中,37℃200r/min振荡培养6h;取对数生长期的菌液,用灭菌生理盐水稀释至含菌量为1~2×108CFU/mL;在利用灭菌生理盐水稀释1000倍,备用;
(2)用打孔器制作直径为6.5mm的滤纸圆片,干热灭菌,先将步骤(1)所得菌液均匀接种于营养琼脂培养皿中,再将灭菌后的滤纸圆片贴附于琼脂表面,用微量移液枪移取药液(稀释10倍)20μL滴加于滤纸圆片中心,37℃培养24h,测定滴加不同药液的抑菌圈直径,结果见表2。
表2不同药液组抑菌圈直径
从表2中可以看出,单纯的多肽溶液有较强的抗菌作用,但是加入到治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药浓缩液中后,能够明显提升中药浓缩液的抗菌效果,表明本发明加入的多肽能能与本发明公开的中药浓缩液协同增效,具有更强的抑菌作用。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏,其特征在于,原料按质量份数计为:蒲公英20~30份、败酱草20~30份、忍冬藤10~16份、冰片0.5~1份、多肽0.03~0.05份、辅助乳化剂40~50份、液状石蜡40~50份、白凡士林100~130份,抗氧剂0.5~1份和防腐剂0.5~1份;
所述多肽的氨基酸序列为:
PhePheArgLysValLeuLysLeuIleArgLysIleTrpArg。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏,其特征在于,所述辅助乳化剂为单硬酯酸甘油酯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏,其特征在于,所述抗氧剂为没食子酸烷酯或丁羟基甲苯;所述防腐剂为羟苯乙酯。
4.一种权利要求1~3任一项所述用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将蒲公英、败酱草、忍冬藤加入到乙醇水溶液中,提取,浓缩,制得中药浓缩液;
(2)将冰片与部分液状石蜡研磨至共熔;加入剩余液状石蜡和熔融状态的白凡士林,保温,加入辅助乳化剂,搅拌均匀,加入所述中药浓缩液和多肽,均质,冷却,制得用于防治奶牛乳房炎的中药软膏。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述乙醇水溶液中乙醇的体积分数为70~75%;所述提取的温度为80~90℃。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述中药浓缩液中的生药含量为1~1.5g/mL。
7.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述熔融状态的白凡士林的温度为50~55℃;所述保温为将温度保持在50~55℃。
8.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述均质的速度为3500~4000rpm,时间为10~15min。
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