CN115531471A - 一种抗非洲猪瘟的组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种抗非洲猪瘟的组合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种抗非洲猪瘟的组合物及其制备方法和应用,属于家畜养殖技术领域。所述组合物包括桑叶、桑枝、桑白皮、蒲公英、金银花、野菊花、决明子、荷叶、地骨皮、甘草、桑葚、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和柠檬酸;提供了一种中药提取物,由所述组合物提取获得,同时提供了一种所述中药提取物的提取方法;本发明提供的组合物成分来源广泛、制备方法简单,且抗非洲猪瘟效果好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于家畜养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种抗非洲猪瘟的组合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
非洲猪瘟(ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)感染家猪和各种野猪(如非洲野猪、欧洲野猪等)而引起的一种急性、出血性、烈性传染病,是威胁养猪业的主要传染病之一。其主要特征是发病过程短,急性感染死亡率高达100%,临床主要表现为发热,心跳加快,呼吸困难等症状,与猪瘟症状相似,只能依靠实验室监测确诊。目前,常用措施主要是采用西医治疗,然而治标不治本,而且还存在药物残留现象,危害人体健康。
专利CN 112691138 A公开了一种具有体外抑制非洲猪瘟病毒活性的桑资源提取物的制备方法,包括:S1.取新鲜桑叶和桑枝,除去杂物,洗净、烘干、粉碎;S2.将粉碎后的桑叶和桑枝按比例混合,加入酶液酶解;S3.将酶解后的桑叶和桑枝混合粉末,用酸性热水和碱性热水各浸提1次,提取液经超滤膜过滤,滤出液经醇沉、离心后取上清液,减压浓缩,得到浓缩液I;S4.将S3中的残渣,经过三级乙醇提取,合并提取液并减压浓缩,得到浓缩液II;S5.合并浓缩液I和II,进行联合洗脱,减压浓缩和干燥,即得。本发明将按特定复配比的桑叶和桑枝通过酶法辅助、半仿生提取、三级醇提以及联合洗脱纯化的特定顺序步骤及工艺参数,得到的桑资源提取物具有优异的体外抑制非洲猪瘟病毒活性。但该专利公开的提取物只在细胞水平验证了其对非洲猪瘟病毒的体外抑制活性,对其应用在整体动物水平(即猪的养殖过程)上效果尚未明确。
专利CN 111821360 A公开了一种预防非洲猪瘟的复合蛋白发酵饲料的制备方法,所述中药组合物的药用成分来自如下重量份的中药材:桑叶50-70份、藤茶1-10份、罗汉果1-10份、葛花1-10份、甘草1-10份。该专利中药组合物采用药食同源的植物为原料制备而成,可以用于预防非洲猪瘟的发生。与目前市场上的饲料添加剂相比,没有毒副作用,原材料来源广泛,制作工艺简单,能显著改善猪的各种不适症状,达到预防非洲猪瘟的效果。但该专利公开的中药组合物主要通过水提-醇沉法制备,由此可知其主要是收集中药材的蛋白、多糖等物质,起到提高动物免疫力,进而预防非洲猪瘟的效果。从该专利的实例中也可看到,其主要通过测定猪血清GPT活性来监控猪肝细胞健康水平,表明的是组合物在增强免疫力方面的效果,进而间接得出组合物预防非洲猪瘟的效果,并未能直接确证其效果。
因此,有必要提供一种原料、工艺简单且抗非洲猪瘟效果好的组合物及其制备方法。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的问题,提供了一种成分来源广泛、制备方法简单、抗非洲猪瘟效果好的组合物及其制备方法和应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
首先,提供了一种组合物,所述组合物包括桑叶、桑枝、桑白皮、蒲公英、金银花、野菊花、决明子、荷叶、地骨皮、甘草、桑葚。
进一步地,所述组合物还包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、柠檬酸。
其次,提供了一种中药提取物,由所述的组合物提取获得。
再其次,提供了一种中药提取物的提取方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将粉碎后的桑叶和桑枝混合,加入酶液酶解;
(2)将酶解后的桑叶和桑枝混合物,用水浸提,提取液经过滤、醇沉、离心后取上清液,浓缩,得到浓缩液I;
(3)将步骤(2)中的桑叶和桑枝残渣与桑白皮、金银花、地骨皮混合,经乙醇提取后,提取液过滤、浓缩,得到浓缩液II;
(4)将蒲公英、金银花、野菊花、决明子、荷叶、甘草混合加入酶液酶解;
(5)将步骤(4)中酶解后的药材组合物,煎煮、过滤、浓缩,得到浓缩液III;
(6)合并浓缩液I、浓缩液II和浓缩液III,经浓缩、干燥,得到提取物粉。
(7)将步骤(6)得到的提取物粉与桑椹粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、柠檬酸混合,即得中药提取物。
进一步地,所述酶液为纤维素酶、半纤维素酶的一种或两种。
进一步地,步骤(1)中所述桑叶、桑枝与步骤(3)中所述桑白皮、金银花、地骨皮的重量比为5-15:1-3:1-3:2-4:2-4,步骤(3)中所述桑叶和桑枝残渣与桑白皮、金银花的重量比为9-11:0.5-1.5:2.5-3.5。
进一步地,步骤(3)中所述乙醇提取为三级乙醇提取,质量分数分别为30%、50%、70%的乙醇水溶液。
进一步地,步骤(4)中所述蒲公英、金银花、野菊花、决明子、荷叶、甘草的重量比为15-25:5-15:5-10:2-4:5-15:2-4。
优选地,步骤(4)中所述蒲公英、金银花、野菊花、决明子、荷叶、甘草的重量比为18-22:8-12:6-8:2-4:8-12:2-4。
进一步地,步骤(6)中所述浓缩液I、浓缩液II、浓缩液III的重量比为40-50:25-35:20-30。
进一步地,步骤(7)中所述提取物粉、桑椹、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、柠檬酸的重量比为45-55:90-100:8-12:820-860。
最后,提供了一种所述的组合物或所述的中药提取物或所述的提取方法得到的中药提取物在制备抗非洲猪瘟的药物中的应用。
本发明所提供的组合物中:
桑叶:有疏散风热,清肺润燥,清肝明目的功效。且有治疗风热感冒,肺热燥咳,头晕头痛,目赤昏花的作用;
桑枝:桑枝性味苦平,入肝经,具有祛风通络之效,常用于风湿关节疼痛、四肢拘挛,尤以上肢麻痹者多用;
桑白皮:性味甘寒,归肺脾经,桑白皮具有泻肺平喘,行水消肿的功效,主治肺热喘咳、尿少水肿、面目肌肤肿胀等症;
蒲公英:性味甘,微苦,寒;归肝、胃经;有利尿、缓泻、退黄疸、利胆等功效;
金银花:性甘、寒,归肺、胃经,具有清热解毒,消炎退肿的功效;
野菊花:味苦、辛、凉,清热解毒,疏风散热,散瘀,具有明目、降血压功效;
决明子:味苦、甘、咸,性微寒,入肝、肾、大肠经;润肠通便,降脂明目,治疗便秘及高血脂,高血压;
荷叶:味苦、甘;具有清心解暑、散瘀止血、消风祛湿的功效;
地骨皮:凉血除蒸,清肺降火,用于阴虚潮热、骨蒸盗汗、肺热咳嗽;内热消渴、具有凉血止血,清泄肺热,清热滋阴,清热解毒的功效;
甘草:用于心气虚,心悸怔忡,脉结代,脾胃气虚,倦怠乏力,痈疽疮疡,咽喉肿痛胃痛,腹痛及腓肠肌挛急疼痛等病症;
桑葚:味甘性寒,入心肝、肾经,有滋阴补血作用,并能治阴虚津少、失眠等。
在一些具体的实施方式中,所述中药提取物的提取方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将粉碎后的桑叶和桑枝按5:1比例混合,加入1/1000份酶液(1000重量份的药材中加入1份酶液,纤维素酶、半纤维素酶重量比3:1)酶解;
(2)将酶解后的桑叶和桑枝混合物,用热水浸提,用酸性热水和碱性热水各浸提1次,提取液经超滤膜过滤,滤出液经醇沉、离心后取上清液,减压浓缩,得到浓缩液I;
(3)将步骤(2)中的桑叶和桑枝残渣与桑白皮、金银花、地骨皮按10:1:3:3比例混合,经三级乙醇(30%,50%,70%乙醇水溶液)提取,合并提取液并减压浓缩,得到浓缩液II;
(4)将蒲公英、金银花、野菊花、决明子、荷叶、甘草按20:10:7:3:10:3比例混合,加入1/1000份酶液(纤维素酶、半纤维素酶重量比1:1)酶解(注:总的金银花分成2份,一份在步骤(3)中用乙醇提取,一份在此用水提取);
(5)将步骤(4)中酶解后的药材组合物,用热水煎煮2次(加10倍水,煮沸提取1h,重复2次,为传统常见工艺),过滤,滤液经减压浓缩,得到浓缩液III;
(6)合并浓缩液I、浓缩液II和浓缩液III,经减压浓缩和干燥,得到提取物粉;
(7)将步骤(6)得到的提取物粉与桑椹粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、柠檬酸按50:100:10:840比例混合,即得中药提取物。
相比于现有技术,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明提供的组合物成分来源广泛、制备方法简单;
(2)本发明提供的组合物抗非洲猪瘟效果好。
具体实施方式
值得说明的是,本发明中使用的原料均为普通市售产品,对其来源不做具体限定。
以下来源,为示例性说明:猪(品种:大白猪);头孢噻呋钠(上海源叶生物科技有限公司,S30940)。
中药提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将粉碎后的桑叶和桑枝按设置比例混合,加入酶液酶解;
(2)将酶解后的桑叶和桑枝混合粉末,浸提,用酸性热水和碱性热水各浸提1次,提取液经超滤膜过滤,滤出液经醇沉、离心后取上清液,减压浓缩,得到浓缩液I;
(3)将步骤(2)中的桑叶和桑枝残渣与桑白皮、金银花、地骨皮按设置比例混合,经三级乙醇(30%,50%,70%乙醇水溶液)提取,合并提取液并减压浓缩,得到浓缩液II;
(4)将蒲公英、金银花、野菊花、决明子、荷叶、甘草按设置比例混合,加入酶液酶解(注:总的金银花分成2份,一份在步骤(3)中用乙醇提取,一份在此用水提取);
(5)将步骤(4)中酶解后的药材组合物,用热水煎煮2次(加10倍水,煮沸提取1h,重复2次,为传统常见工艺),过滤,滤液经减压浓缩,得到浓缩液III;
(6)合并浓缩液I、浓缩液II和浓缩液III,经减压浓缩和干燥,得到提取物粉;
(7)将步骤(6)得到的提取物粉与桑椹、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、柠檬酸按50:100:10:840比例混合,即得中药提取物。
实施例1-6、对比例1-6
实施例1-6、对比例1-6的配方如表1所示:
表1
实验例
应用:
将制得的中药提取物按0.5%的比例,均匀混合于普通饲料(普通饲料为市售常规全价饲料)。
使用方法:
每次喂养时,根据饲料量,称取0.5%饲料质量的本中药提取物(即每一吨饲料称取5公斤的实施例得到的中药提取物),再将该提取物用适量的水对调好,然后加入普通饲料中,拌均,喂养,每天早晚各喂养一次,自由采食,自由饮水。
分组饲养:
地点:选择位于某处已爆发过非洲猪瘟的养殖场内;养殖场经全面消杀,空置1个月后,再开始饲养试验。
分组:一个月大的小猪140头,分成14组,每组10头,在同一养殖场内进行喂养。每组猪的养殖场地之间严格隔离开,避免组间交叉感染。第1组为空白组,饲喂普通饲料。第2组为对比组,饲喂普通饲料+常用添加剂(黄芪多糖,按0.5%的比例混合进普通饲料),如饲养过程中出现发病猪,则给发病猪单独肌肉注射头孢类药物(头孢噻呋钠,按5mg/kg猪体重的剂量注射,一日一次)。第3-14组为试验组,饲喂普通饲料+实施例或对比例得到的中药提取物,如饲养过程中出现发病猪,不另行给药,继续饲喂普通饲料+实施例或对比例得到的中药提取物。饲喂3个月,定期检测猪血清中病毒情况,并记录猪生长情况(见表2)。猪血清中ASFV病毒阳性即为患病,发病猪单独隔离处理,病死猪按动物防疫要求集中高温处理。
表2
最后应当说明的是,以上内容仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案进行的简单修改或者等同替换,均不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物包括桑叶、桑枝、桑白皮、蒲公英、金银花、野菊花、决明子、荷叶、地骨皮、甘草、桑葚。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物还包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、柠檬酸。
3.一种中药提取物,其特征在于,由权利要求1-2任一项所述的组合物提取获得。
4.权利要求3所述的中药提取物的提取方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将粉碎后的桑叶和桑枝混合,加入酶液酶解;
(2)将酶解后的桑叶和桑枝混合物,用热水浸提,提取液经过滤、醇沉、离心后取上清液,浓缩,得到浓缩液I;
(3)将步骤(2)中的桑叶和桑枝残渣与桑白皮、金银花、地骨皮混合,经乙醇提取后,提取液过滤、浓缩,得到浓缩液II;
(4)将蒲公英、金银花、野菊花、决明子、荷叶、甘草混合加入酶液酶解;
(5)将步骤(4)中酶解后的药材组合物,煎煮、过滤、浓缩,得到浓缩液III;
(6)合并浓缩液I、浓缩液II和浓缩液III,经浓缩、干燥,得到提取物粉;
(7)将步骤(6)得到的提取物粉与桑椹粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、柠檬酸混合,即得中药提取物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的提取方法,步骤(1)中所述桑叶、桑枝与步骤(3)中所述桑白皮、金银花、地骨皮的重量比为5-15:1-3:1-3:2-4:2-4。
6.根据权利要求4所述的提取方法,步骤(4)中所述蒲公英、金银花、野菊花、决明子、荷叶、甘草的重量比为15-25:5-15:5-10:2-4:5-15:2-4。
7.根据权利要求6所述的提取方法,步骤(4)中所述蒲公英、金银花、野菊花、决明子、荷叶、甘草的重量比为18-22:8-12:6-8:2-4:8-12:2-4。
8.根据权利要求4所述的提取方法,步骤(6)中所述浓缩液I、浓缩液II、浓缩液III的重量比为40-50:25-35:20-30。
9.根据权利要求4所述的提取方法,步骤(7)中所述提取物粉、桑椹、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、柠檬酸的重量比为45-55:90-100:8-12:820-860。
10.权利要求1-2任一项所述的组合物或权利要求3所述的中药提取物或权利要求4-9任一项所述提取方法得到的中药提取物在制备抗非洲猪瘟的药物中的应用。
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