CN115529897B

CN115529897B - Orchard ditcher

Info

Publication number: CN115529897B
Application number: CN202211347024.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵俊杰
Original assignee: Gucheng County Shuangyin Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Gucheng County Shuangyin Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-10-31
Filing date: 2022-10-31
Publication date: 2023-04-21
Anticipated expiration: 2042-10-31
Also published as: CN115529897A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and discloses an orchard ditching machine, which comprises a frame, wherein a ditching device is arranged at the front end of the frame, a fertilizing mechanism is arranged at the rear end of the frame, and the ditching device comprises: the automatic ditching machine comprises a power shaft and a driving part, wherein a plurality of cutterheads are arranged on the power shaft, a plurality of ditching knives are uniformly distributed on the cutterheads, the ditching knives are bent knives, the ditching knives are sequentially arranged towards the inner side of the cutterhead and the outer side of the cutterhead in a staggered mode, a soil guide plate and a soil scraping plate are fixedly arranged on a rack, the soil guide plate is located above the cutterhead, the soil scraping plate is located at the rear of the cutterhead, the soil scraping plate comprises two soil scraping plates which are mutually parallel and are overlapped, the upper ends of the soil scraping plates are respectively fixed on a ditch width adjusting mechanism, ditching and fertilization simultaneous operation can be realized, ditching and fertilization separate operation can be realized, automatic matching fertilization width can be realized when ditching width adjustment is performed, operation is convenient, labor intensity is low, and efficiency is high.

Description

Orchard ditcher

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to an orchard ditcher.

Background

At present, the fruit tree planting technology mainly comprises soil and fertilizer management, shaping and pruning, flower and fruit management, pest control and the like, wherein ditching and fertilizer application is a work with large workload and labor intensity. The organic fertilizer has important effects on improving soil and increasing the yield and quality of fruit trees, and the content of organic matters in most orchards is low at present, so that the requirement of high-quality and high-yield orchards is far not met, and the use amount of the base fertilizer must be increased.

The traditional fertilization method is that organic fertilizer is scattered in a tree tray in habit of fruit coating, shallow turning is carried out by a spade or a small farm machine, the fertilization method is easy to lead root systems to float upwards and lead to freeze injury and drought injury, and the correct method is that fertilizer is applied to a concentrated area of root system distribution of fruit trees, so that the problem of ditching and fertilization of an orchard is an important work in fruit tree planting, and at present, the ditching equipment used for ditching in the market is various, such as a digging bucket type, a coulter wheel disc type, a chain type and the like. These types of trenching apparatus suffer from the following disadvantages:

1. the width of the ditching is not adjustable or the adjustable range is smaller;

2. the width of the fertilizer cannot be automatically matched according to the width of the ditches when the fertilizer cannot be synchronously applied or the fertilizer cannot be synchronously applied.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an orchard ditcher which can realize ditching and fertilizing simultaneously, can realize ditching and fertilizing respectively, can realize automatic matching of the width of fertilization while adjusting the ditching width, and has the advantages of convenient operation, small labor intensity and high efficiency.

The technical aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides an orchard ditching machine, includes the frame, the front end of frame is equipped with ditching device, the rear end of frame is equipped with fertilizer injection unit, ditching device includes: the automatic soil scraping machine comprises a power shaft and a driving part, wherein a plurality of cutter discs are arranged on the power shaft, a plurality of ditching cutters are uniformly distributed on the cutter discs, the ditching cutters are bent cutters, each ditching cutter is sequentially arranged towards the inner side of each cutter disc and the outer side of each cutter disc in a staggered mode, a soil guiding plate and a soil scraping plate are fixedly arranged on a frame, the soil guiding plate is located above each cutter disc, the soil scraping plates are located at the rear of each cutter disc, each soil scraping plate comprises two soil scraping plates which are parallel to each other and are overlapped, and the upper ends of the soil scraping plates are respectively fixed on a ditch width adjusting mechanism.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, thereby the ditching device is rotatory through the cutter head synchronous rotation of drive portion drive power shaft, thereby the cutter head rotatory in-process drives the ditching sword and carries out the scarification to the ground of cutter head below, each ditching sword is in proper order towards the inboard of cutter head and the crisscross setting in outside, make the efficiency of scarification of ditching sword to ground higher, the effect of scarification is better, constantly bulldoze forward through the scraper, make the ground after the scarification form with scraper width assorted slot, the earth guide plate is used for the both sides of the soil guide slot that the scraper pushed up on the one hand, prevent soil and cross the ponding in front of the scraper and cause the scraper load too big and appear the problem of deformation or damage, on the other hand still be used for prescribing the width of slot, consequently, the regulation of two scraper mutual overlapping areas through ditch width adjustment mechanism, can be realized the regulation to the width of ditching place plane width, the regulation to the width of ditching, the area change range is great, consequently, can realize the width adjustment to the width that the width is adjusted to the width of ditching is big, and when need to carry out fertilization, can also realize the efficiency is good and can realize the improvement in the manual fertilization and can be realized simultaneously, the improvement and the fertilization is good and can be realized at the bottom the manual fertilization is simultaneously.

The invention is further provided with: the ditch width adjustment mechanism comprises an adjustment shaft which is horizontally arranged, the adjustment shaft is parallel to the axis of the power shaft, two ends of the adjustment shaft are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of the frame, a first adjustment part with an inverted U-shaped section is further arranged above the adjustment shaft, inclined sliding grooves are symmetrically arranged on two mutually parallel surfaces of the first adjustment part respectively, a second adjustment part and a third adjustment part are respectively sleeved at two ends of the adjustment shaft, the second adjustment part and the third adjustment part are both cylindrical, pins which are respectively in sliding fit with the sliding grooves are respectively fixed on the second adjustment part and the third adjustment part, and two scraping plates are respectively fixed at the bottoms of the second adjustment part and the third adjustment part.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when first adjustment portion upwards or during the downward movement, spout on the first adjustment portion extrude respectively rather than sliding fit's round pin for with round pin fixed connection's second adjustment portion and third adjustment portion be close to each other or the direction of keeping away from each other along adjusting the axial and slide, drive two scraper plates and slide to the direction that is close to each other or keep away from each other respectively when second adjustment portion and third adjustment portion slide, thereby make two scraper plates place planar width reduce or increase, thereby realize the regulation of ditching width.

The invention is further provided with: the middle part of first regulation portion is equipped with a through-hole, run through a screw rod in the through-hole, the lower extreme of screw rod is fixed on the regulating spindle, be equipped with compression spring between the lower extreme of screw rod and the first regulation, the upper end of screw rod is equipped with an adjusting nut.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, adjusting nut can be along screw rod axial upward or downward movement when rotatory adjusting nut to make first adjusting part upward movement or overcome compression spring's resistance downward movement under compression spring's pressure, can realize the planar width adjustment of two scraper boards place when first adjusting part upward or downward movement, thereby realize the regulation of ditching width, simple structure, convenient operation.

The invention is further provided with: the fertilizer applying mechanism comprises a fertilizer box, a fertilizer discharging opening is formed in the bottom of the fertilizer box, the width of the fertilizer discharging opening is larger than the width of the plane where the two soil scraping plates are located, and the fertilizer discharging opening is connected with the ditch width adjusting mechanism through a fertilizer discharging width adjusting mechanism.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the fertilizer discharging port is connected with ditch width adjustment mechanism through the fertilizer discharging width adjustment mechanism for ditch width adjustment mechanism can drive the fertilizer discharging width adjustment mechanism and adjust the opening width of fertilizer discharging port when adjusting ditching width, thereby realizes the regulation of fertilizer discharging width, guarantees fertilizer discharging width and ditching width assorted.

The invention is further provided with: the fertilizer discharging width adjusting mechanism comprises a sliding rail arranged on two sides of a fertilizer discharging opening and a first valve plate and a second valve plate which are respectively arranged at two ends of the sliding rail, wherein the first valve plate and the second valve plate are fixedly connected with pins corresponding to two scraping plates through a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod respectively, the width of the first valve plate and the width of the second valve plate are matched with the width of the fertilizer discharging opening, and the distance between the first valve plate and the second valve plate is matched with the width of the plane where the two scraping plates are located.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, two scraper blades respectively to be close to each other or the direction that keeps away from each other when sliding respectively to be close to each other or the direction that keeps away from each other slides through connecting rod one and connecting rod two respectively to drive valve plate one and valve plate two along the slide rail to be close to each other or the direction that keeps away from each other slides, make increase or reduce between the interval between valve plate one and the valve plate two when valve plate one and valve plate two slide along the slide rail to the direction that is close to each other or keeps away from each other, thereby make the opening width of fertilizer discharge port and two scraper blade place planar width (ditching width) assorted, thereby realized can also realize the effect of automatic matching fertilization's width when adjusting ditching width.

The invention is further provided with: the driving part comprises a driving motor fixed on the frame, an output shaft of the driving motor is connected with a gearbox, an output end of the gearbox is connected with a transmission shaft through a transmission belt, two ends of the transmission shaft are fixed on the frame through bearing blocks, and the transmission shaft is connected with a power shaft through the transmission belt.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, driving motor rotation drives the transmission shaft through the drive belt after the gearbox speed governing and rotates, drives the power shaft rotation through the drive belt when the transmission shaft is rotatory, drives the blade disc rotation that sets up on the power shaft when the power shaft is rotatory, drives the ditching sword and carries out the scarification to the ground of blade disc below when the blade disc is rotatory for the scraper blade can bulldoze forward smoothly and form the slot.

The invention is further provided with: the cross section of the bottom of the fertilizer box is V-shaped, the fertilizer discharge port is arranged at the lowest end of the V-shaped, a sieve plate is arranged at the fertilizer discharge port, and the sieve plate is detachably connected with the fertilizer discharge port.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the bottom cross-section of fertilizer case is "V" shape for fertilizer can drop at the fertilizer outlet and discharge under self gravity effect, and the setting of sieve guarantees that fertilizer outlet discharge fertilizer size is even, thereby guarantees that fertilization homogeneity is better, is favorable to the growth of fruit tree, and the sieve can also prevent effectively that fertilizer from causing the problem of fertilizer outlet jam because of the caking that wets in addition, and efficiency has improved fertilizer application mechanism's reliability.

The invention is further provided with: the fertilizer box is internally provided with a rotating shaft parallel to the power shaft, two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively connected with two sides of the fertilizer box in a rotating way, one end of the rotating shaft is connected with a fertilizer motor, and a plurality of rotating blades are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the rotating shaft in the circumferential direction.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, thereby fertilization motor drive pivot rotation drives the epaxial rotating vane of pivot and rotates, constantly stirs the fertilizer in the fertilizer case when rotating vane rotates, guarantees fertilizer misce bene on the one hand, and on the other hand can also prevent that fertilizer from bonding the piece and leading to the uneven or the condition of stopping up the fertilizer discharge mouth of fertilization, has further improved fertilizer application mechanism's reliability.

The invention is further provided with: two circular turntables are fixedly arranged at two ends of the rotating shaft, a plurality of radially extending mounting grooves are formed in one sides, close to each other, of the two circular turntables, each rotating blade is in sliding fit with the mounting grooves respectively, one side, close to the center of the circular turntables, of each rotating blade is connected with the mounting grooves through springs respectively, longitudinal guide rails are further arranged at positions, opposite to fertilizer discharging openings, of two sides of the fertilizer box, the guide rails are in sliding fit with the sliding blocks, a longitudinal connecting rod is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the sliding block, the bottoms of the longitudinal connecting rods at the two sides are fixedly connected with two ends of the sealing roller respectively, arc plates with downward openings are fixedly arranged on the sliding blocks at the two sides, and the inner walls of the arc plates are propped against the end parts of the rotating blades.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, rotating vane passes through the spring and is connected the back with the mounting groove, make rotating vane installation back form the state of floating, therefore when needs fertilization, the pivot is when the high-speed rotation under the drive of fertilization motor, rotating vane stretches spring under the effect of centrifugal force and along the mounting groove to keeping away from rotation center's one side slip, thereby make rotating vane tip place circumference's diameter grow, thereby rotating vane tip place circumference's diameter grow back upwards jack-up curved plate, thereby make with curved plate fixed connection's slider follow guided way upward movement, thereby make the sealing roller upward movement on the vertical connecting rod of slider below, make sealing roller and row's fertile mouth separation, thereby make row's fertile mouth be in the state of opening, fertilizer in the assurance fertilizer case is discharged while stirring, fertilize motor stops working when not needing fertilization, the pivot stops rotating, thereby rotating vane makes rotating vane tip place circumference diameter that becomes smaller along the mounting groove under self gravity and spring restoring force, thereby rotating vane tip place circumference diameter grow back so that makes down gravity make down under the effect and make down the guide rail upward movement, thereby make sealing roller and row's fixed connection move down along the guide rail, thereby sealing roller downward movement, the sealing roller is made to leak out from the sealing roller down, thereby the sealing roller is simple to move down, the sealing roller is connected with the arc, the sealing roller is made to move down along the arc, thereby the sealing roller is simple to leak down.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

1. according to the invention, the ditching device drives the cutter disc on the power shaft to rotate synchronously through the driving part, the ditching cutters are driven to turn on the ground below the cutter disc in the process of rotating the cutter disc, the ditching cutters are sequentially arranged towards the inner side of the cutter disc and the outer side of the cutter disc in a staggered manner, so that the ditching efficiency of the ditching cutters on the ground is higher, the ditching effect is better, the ditching cutters continuously move forwards through the soil scraping plates, the ground after the ditching forms a groove matched with the width of the soil scraping plates, the soil guiding plates are used for guiding the soil on two sides of the groove when the soil scraping plates are pushed up, the problem that the soil is deformed or damaged due to overlarge load of the soil in front of the soil scraping plates is prevented, and the width of the groove is limited, and therefore, the adjustment of the two soil scraping plates on the plane width is realized through the groove width adjusting mechanism.

2. According to the invention, the adjusting nut can move upwards or downwards along the axial direction of the screw rod by rotating the adjusting nut, so that the first adjusting part moves upwards under the pressure of the compression spring or downwards against the resistance of the compression spring, and the width adjustment of the plane where the two scraper plates are located can be realized when the first adjusting part moves upwards or downwards, thereby realizing the adjustment of the ditching width, and the device has a simple structure and is convenient to operate.

3. According to the invention, when the two scraper plates slide in the directions approaching or separating from each other, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod slide in the directions approaching or separating from each other respectively, so that the first valve plate and the second valve plate are driven to slide in the directions approaching or separating from each other along the sliding rail, and when the first valve plate and the second valve plate slide in the directions approaching or separating from each other along the sliding rail, the distance between the first valve plate and the second valve plate is increased or decreased, so that the opening width of the fertilizer discharging port is matched with the width (ditching width) of the plane where the two scraper plates are located, and the effect of automatically matching the width of fertilizer when the ditching width is adjusted is realized.

4. The cross section of the bottom of the fertilizer box is V-shaped, so that fertilizer can fall on the fertilizer discharge port under the action of self gravity and is discharged, the size of the fertilizer discharged from the fertilizer discharge port is ensured to be uniform by the arrangement of the sieve plate, so that the fertilizer is ensured to be more uniform, the growth of fruit trees is facilitated, in addition, the problem that the fertilizer discharge port is blocked due to the fact that the fertilizer is wetted and agglomerated can be effectively prevented by the sieve plate, and the reliability of a fertilizer applying mechanism is effectively improved.

5. According to the invention, the rotating shaft is driven by the fertilizing motor to rotate so as to drive the rotating blades on the rotating shaft to rotate, and the rotating blades continuously stir the fertilizer in the fertilizer box when rotating, so that on one hand, the uniform mixing of the fertilizer is ensured, and on the other hand, the condition that the fertilizer is adhered to form a block to cause uneven fertilization or blockage of a fertilizer discharge port is prevented, and the reliability of a fertilizing mechanism is further improved.

6. According to the invention, after the rotating blades are connected with the mounting groove through the springs, the rotating blades are in a floating state after being mounted, so that when fertilization is required, the rotating shaft rotates at a high speed under the drive of the fertilization motor, the rotating blades stretch the springs under the action of centrifugal force and slide along the mounting groove to one side far away from the rotation center, so that the diameter of the circumference of the end part of the rotating blades is enlarged, the arc plate is jacked up upwards, the sliding block fixedly connected with the arc plate moves upwards along the guide rail, the sealing roller on the longitudinal connecting rod below the sliding block moves upwards, the sealing roller is separated from the fertilizer discharge opening, the fertilizer discharge opening is in an opened state, the fertilization motor stops working when fertilization is not required, the rotating shaft stops rotating, the rotating blades slide along the mounting groove to one side close to the rotation center under the action of gravity and the spring restoring force, the circumference of the end part of the rotating blades is reduced, the diameter of the circumference of the end part of the rotating blades is reduced, the sliding block moves downwards under the action of gravity, the sliding block is connected with the guide rail, the sealing roller moves downwards along the guide rail, and the sealing roller is connected with the sealing roller downwards, and the sealing roller is prevented from leaking out of the sealing roller.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the whole structure of an orchard ditcher of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a cross section of a width adjustment mechanism in an orchard ditcher and a fertilizer discharge width adjustment mechanism in a fertilizer application mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged partial schematic view of fig. 2 a.

Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a mechanism for adjusting the width of a ditch in an orchard ditcher and a mechanism for adjusting the width of a fertilizer discharged in a fertilizing mechanism.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a fertilizer box in an orchard ditcher according to the present invention.

In the figure, 1, a rack; 2. a ditching device; 21. a power shaft; 22. a driving section; 221. a driving motor; 222. a gearbox; 223. a transmission shaft; 23. a cutterhead; 24. a ditching knife; 3. a fertilization mechanism; 31. a fertilizer box; 32. a fertilizer discharging port; 33. a sieve plate; 4. a scraper plate; 5. a groove width adjusting mechanism; 51. an adjusting shaft; 52. a first adjusting part; 55. a chute; 53. a second adjusting part; 54. a third adjusting section; 56. a pin; 57. a through hole; 58. a screw; 59. a compression spring; 50. an adjusting nut; 6. a fertilizer discharging width adjusting mechanism; 61. a slide rail; 62. a valve plate I; 63. a valve plate II; 64. a first connecting rod; 65. a second connecting rod; 7. a soil guide plate; 8. a rotating shaft; 9. a fertilizing motor; 10. rotating the blades; 11. a circular turntable; 12. a mounting groove; 13. a spring; 14. a guide rail; 15. a slide block; 16. a longitudinal connecting rod; 17. a seal roller; 18. an arc-shaped plate.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in connection with specific embodiments. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, an orchard ditcher comprises a frame 1, wherein a ditching device 2 is arranged at the front end of the frame 1, a fertilizing mechanism 3 is arranged at the rear end of the frame 1, and the ditching device 2 comprises: the automatic soil scraping machine comprises a power shaft 21 and a driving part 22, wherein a plurality of cutter discs 23 are arranged on the power shaft 21, a plurality of ditching cutters 24 are uniformly distributed on the cutter discs 23, the ditching cutters 24 are bent cutters, the ditching cutters 24 are sequentially arranged towards the inner side of the cutter discs 23 and the outer side of the cutter discs 23 in a staggered mode, a soil guiding plate 7 and a soil scraping plate 4 are fixedly arranged on a machine frame 1, the soil guiding plate 7 is arranged above the cutter discs 23, the soil scraping plate 4 is arranged at the rear of the cutter discs 23, the two soil scraping plates 4 comprise two cutter discs, the two cutter discs 4 are mutually parallel and are overlapped, and the upper ends of the soil scraping plates 4 are respectively fixed on a ditch width adjusting mechanism 5.

Further, the ditch width adjusting mechanism 5 includes the adjusting shaft 51 that the level set up, the axis parallel of adjusting shaft 51 and power shaft 21, the both ends of adjusting shaft 51 are fixed respectively in the left and right sides of frame 1, the top of adjusting shaft 51 still is equipped with the first adjusting part 52 that the cross-section is "U" that falls, be equipped with the spout 55 that inclines on the two faces that are parallel to each other of first adjusting part 52 respectively symmetry, the both ends of adjusting shaft 51 still overlap respectively and are equipped with second adjusting part 53 and third adjusting part 54, second adjusting part 53 and third adjusting part 54 are the tube-shape, all be fixed on second adjusting part 53 and the third adjusting part 54 respectively with each spout 55 sliding fit's round pin 56, two scraper plates 4 are fixed respectively in the bottom of second adjusting part 53 and third adjusting part 54.

Further, a through hole 57 is provided in the middle of the first adjusting portion 52, a screw 58 is penetrated through the through hole 57, the lower end of the screw 58 is fixed on the adjusting shaft 51, a compression spring 59 is provided between the lower end of the screw 58 and the first adjustment, and an adjusting nut 50 is provided at the upper end of the screw 58.

Further, the fertilizer applying mechanism 3 includes a fertilizer box 31, a fertilizer discharging opening 32 is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer box 31, the width of the fertilizer discharging opening 32 is greater than the width of the plane where the two scraper plates 4 are located, and the fertilizer discharging opening 32 is connected with the ditch width adjusting mechanism 5 through the fertilizer discharging width adjusting mechanism 6.

Further, the fertilizer discharging width adjusting mechanism 6 includes a sliding rail 61 disposed at two sides of the fertilizer discharging opening 32, and a first valve plate 62 and a second valve plate 63 disposed at two ends of the sliding rail 61, where the first valve plate 62 and the second valve plate 63 are fixedly connected with pins 65 corresponding to the two scraper plates 4 through a first connecting rod 64 and a second connecting rod 65, widths of the first valve plate 62 and the second valve plate 63 are matched with the width of the fertilizer discharging opening 32, and a space between the first valve plate 62 and the second valve plate 63 is matched with the width of a plane where the two scraper plates 4 are located.

Further, the driving part 22 includes a driving motor 221 fixed on the frame 1, an output shaft of the driving motor 221 is connected with a gearbox 222, an output end of the gearbox 222 is connected with a transmission shaft 223 through a transmission belt, two ends of the transmission shaft 223 are fixed on the frame 1 through bearing blocks, and the transmission shaft 223 is connected with the power shaft 21 through the transmission belt.

Further, the bottom section of the fertilizer box 31 is V-shaped, the fertilizer discharging opening 32 is disposed at the lowest end of the V-shaped, a screen plate 33 is disposed at the fertilizer discharging opening 32, and the screen plate 33 is detachably connected with the fertilizer discharging opening 32.

Further, a rotating shaft 8 parallel to the power shaft 21 is arranged in the fertilizer box 31, two ends of the rotating shaft 8 are respectively connected with two sides of the fertilizer box 31 in a rotating manner, one end of the rotating shaft 8 is connected with the fertilizer motor 9, and a plurality of rotating blades 10 are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 8 in the circumferential direction.

Further, two circular turntables 11 are fixedly arranged at two ends of the rotating shaft 8, a plurality of radially extending mounting grooves 12 are respectively arranged at one sides of the two circular turntables 11, which are close to each other, each rotating blade 10 is respectively in sliding fit with the mounting grooves 12, one side of each rotating blade 10, which is close to the center of the circular turntables 11, is respectively connected with the mounting grooves 12 through springs 13, longitudinal guide rails 14 are also respectively arranged at positions, which are opposite to the fertilizer discharging openings 32, of two sides of the fertilizer box 31, the guide rails 14 are in sliding fit with the sliding blocks 15, a longitudinal connecting rod 16 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the sliding blocks 15, the bottoms of the longitudinal connecting rods 16 at the two sides are respectively fixedly connected with two ends of the sealing roller 17, arc plates 18 with downward openings are respectively fixedly arranged on the sliding blocks 15 at the two sides, and the inner walls of the arc plates 18 are propped against the ends of the rotating blades 10.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: the front end of the frame 1 is hung on a travelling mechanism, the travelling mechanism can be a small tractor or a cart, and the travelling mechanism is used for driving the ditching device 2 and the fertilizing mechanism 3 above the frame 1 to move along the direction of a groove to be formed;

when ditching and fertilizing operation are required to be carried out simultaneously, the driving motor 221 and the fertilizing motor 9 are started simultaneously, the driving motor 221 rotates to drive the transmission shaft 223 to rotate through the transmission belt after speed regulation of the gearbox 222, the transmission shaft 223 drives the power shaft 21 to rotate through the transmission belt when rotating, the cutter disc 23 arranged on the power shaft 21 is driven to rotate when the power shaft 21 rotates, the ditching knife 24 is driven to loosen the ground below the cutter disc 23 when the cutter disc 23 rotates, the scraper 4 can smoothly move forwards and form a groove, meanwhile, the fertilizing motor 9 drives the rotating shaft 8 to rotate so as to drive the rotating blade 10 on the rotating shaft 8 to rotate, the rotating blade 10 continuously stirs fertilizers in the fertilizer box 31 when rotating, on the one hand, the condition that fertilizers are uniformly mixed, on the other hand, the fertilizers are adhered into blocks to cause uneven fertilization or block fertilizer discharge openings 32 can be prevented, the rotating blade 10 stretches the spring 13 under the action of centrifugal force and slides to one side far away from the rotation center, so that the diameter of the circumference where the end part of the rotating blade 10 is located is large, the diameter where the end part of the rotating blade 10 is large is located is then the arc 18 is upwards jacked, the arc 18 is fixedly connected with the rotating blade 18 to the rotating blade 18, the rotating blade is upwards and the rotating blade is fixedly connected with the rotating blade 15 along the rotating blade 15, the rotating blade is separated from the rotating blade 16 along the upper edge of the rotating blade, and the rotating blade is in the direction of the sealing direction of the rotating blade 17 is sealed by the rotating blade 17, and the rotating blade is separated from the rotating blade 17, and the rotating blade is in the sealing direction is in the direction of the sealing direction of the rotating blade 17, and the rotating blade is in the sealing state is opposite to the rotating blade and is in the rotating blade and is opposite to the rotating blade and is in the sealing direction and is in the sealing state;

when fertilization is not needed, the fertilization motor 9 stops working, the rotating shaft 8 stops rotating, the rotary blade 10 slides to one side close to the rotation center along the mounting groove 12 under the action of self gravity and the restoring force of the spring 13, so that the diameter of the circumference where the end part of the rotary blade 10 is located is reduced, the arc plate 18 moves downwards under the action of gravity after the diameter of the circumference where the end part of the rotary blade 10 is located is reduced, the sliding block 15 fixedly connected with the arc plate 18 moves downwards along the guide rail 14, the sealing roller 17 on the longitudinal connecting rod 16 below the sliding block 15 moves downwards, the sealing roller 17 contacts with the fertilizer discharge opening 32, the fertilizer discharge opening 32 is sealed, and fertilizer is prevented from leaking out from the fertilizer discharge opening 32.

When the ditching width needs to be adjusted, the adjusting nut 50 can axially move upwards or downwards along the screw 58 through rotating the adjusting nut 50, so that the first adjusting part 52 moves upwards or overcomes the resistance of the compression spring to move downwards under the pressure of the compression spring, the width adjustment of the plane where the two scraper plates 4 are located can be realized when the first adjusting part 52 moves upwards or downwards, the ditching width adjustment is realized, the first 64 and the second 65 are respectively driven to slide towards the direction of approaching or separating from each other by utilizing the sliding of the two scraper plates 4 towards the direction of approaching or separating from each other when the ditching width is adjusted, the first 62 and the second 63 are driven to slide towards the direction of approaching or separating from each other along the sliding rail 61, and the first 62 and the second 63 are increased or decreased between the intervals between the first 62 and the second 63 when the sliding rail 61 moves towards the direction of approaching or separating from each other, so that the opening width of the fertilizer discharging port 32 is matched with the width (width) of the plane where the two scraper plates 4 are located, and the ditching width adjustment effect of automatic ditching and fertilization can be realized.

Claims

1. An orchard ditcher which is characterized in that: the novel ditching machine comprises a rack (1), wherein a ditching device (2) is arranged at the front end of the rack (1), a fertilizing mechanism (3) is arranged at the rear end of the rack (1), and the ditching device (2) comprises: the novel scraper blade comprises a power shaft (21) and a driving part (22), wherein a plurality of cutterheads (23) are arranged on the power shaft (21), a plurality of ditching knives (24) are uniformly distributed on the cutterheads (23), the ditching knives (24) are bent knives, the ditching knives (24) are sequentially arranged towards the inner side of the cutterhead (23) and the outer side of the cutterhead (23) in a staggered mode, a soil guide plate (7) and a scraper blade (4) are fixedly arranged on a frame (1), the soil guide plate (7) is arranged above the cutterhead (23), the scraper blade (4) is arranged at the rear of the cutterhead (23), the two scraper blades (4) are parallel to each other and are overlapped, and the upper ends of the scraper blades (4) are respectively fixed on a ditch width adjusting mechanism (5);

the ditch width adjusting mechanism (5) comprises an adjusting shaft (51) which is horizontally arranged, the adjusting shaft (51) is parallel to the axis of the power shaft (21), two ends of the adjusting shaft (51) are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of the frame (1), a first adjusting part (52) with an inverted U-shaped section is further arranged above the adjusting shaft (51), inclined sliding grooves (55) are symmetrically arranged on two mutually parallel surfaces of the first adjusting part (52), a second adjusting part (53) and a third adjusting part (54) are respectively sleeved at two ends of the adjusting shaft (51), the second adjusting part (53) and the third adjusting part (54) are both cylindrical, pins (56) which are respectively in sliding fit with the sliding grooves (55) are respectively fixed on the second adjusting part (53) and the third adjusting part (54), and two soil scraping plates (4) are respectively fixed at the bottoms of the second adjusting part (53) and the third adjusting part (54);

the middle part of the first adjusting part (52) is provided with a through hole (57), a screw rod (58) penetrates through the through hole (57), the lower end of the screw rod (58) is fixed on the adjusting shaft (51), a compression spring (59) is arranged between the lower end of the screw rod (58) and the first adjustment, and the upper end of the screw rod (58) is provided with an adjusting nut (50);

the fertilizing mechanism (3) comprises a fertilizer box (31), a fertilizer discharging opening (32) is formed in the bottom of the fertilizer box (31), the width of the fertilizer discharging opening (32) is larger than that of the plane where the two scraper plates (4) are located, and the fertilizer discharging opening (32) is connected with the ditch width adjusting mechanism (5) through a fertilizer discharging width adjusting mechanism (6);

the fertilizer discharging width adjusting mechanism (6) comprises sliding rails (61) arranged at two sides of the fertilizer discharging opening (32) and a first valve plate (62) and a second valve plate (63) which are respectively arranged at two ends of the sliding rails (61), the first valve plate (62) and the second valve plate (63) are respectively fixedly connected with pins (56) corresponding to the two scraping plates (4) through a first connecting rod (64) and a second connecting rod (65), the width of the first valve plate (62) and the second valve plate (63) is matched with the width of the fertilizer discharging opening (32), and the distance between the first valve plate (62) and the second valve plate (63) is matched with the width of the plane where the two scraping plates (4) are arranged;

the driving part (22) comprises a driving motor (221) fixed on the frame (1), an output shaft of the driving motor (221) is connected with a gearbox (222), an output end of the gearbox (222) is connected with a transmission shaft (223) through a transmission belt, two ends of the transmission shaft (223) are fixed on the frame (1) through bearing blocks, and the transmission shaft (223) is connected with a power shaft (21) through the transmission belt.

2. The orchard ditcher of claim 1, wherein: the bottom cross-section of fertilizer case (31) is "V" shape, arrange fertile mouth (32) and set up the extreme at "V" shape, it is equipped with sieve (33) to arrange fertile mouth (32) department, the connection can be dismantled with arranging fertile mouth (32) to sieve (33).

3. The orchard ditcher of claim 1, wherein: the fertilizer box (31) is internally provided with a rotating shaft (8) parallel to the power shaft (21), two ends of the rotating shaft (8) are respectively connected with two sides of the fertilizer box (31) in a rotating way, one end of the rotating shaft (8) is connected with a fertilizer motor (9), and a plurality of rotating blades (10) are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (8) in the circumferential direction.

4. An orchard ditcher according to claim 3, wherein: two circular turntables (11) are fixedly arranged at two ends of the rotating shaft (8), a plurality of radially extending mounting grooves (12) are formed in one sides, close to each other, of the two circular turntables (11), each rotating blade (10) is respectively in sliding fit with each mounting groove (12), one side, close to the center of each circular turntable (11), of each rotating blade (10) is respectively connected with each mounting groove (12) through a spring (13), longitudinal guide rails (14) are further arranged at positions, opposite to fertilizer discharging openings (32), of two sides of the fertilizer box (31), the guide rails (14) are in sliding fit with sliding blocks (15), a longitudinal connecting rod (16) is fixedly arranged at the lower ends of the sliding blocks (15), bottoms of the longitudinal connecting rods (16) on two sides are respectively fixedly connected with two ends of the sealing roller (17), arc plates (18) with downward openings are fixedly arranged on the sliding blocks (15) on the two sides, and the inner walls of the arc plates (18) are propped against the end parts of the rotating blades (10).