CN115522197A - Ultrahigh-speed laser cladding processing head with adjustable laser focus - Google Patents
Ultrahigh-speed laser cladding processing head with adjustable laser focus Download PDFInfo
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- CN115522197A CN115522197A CN202211221303.7A CN202211221303A CN115522197A CN 115522197 A CN115522197 A CN 115522197A CN 202211221303 A CN202211221303 A CN 202211221303A CN 115522197 A CN115522197 A CN 115522197A
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- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/53—Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of advanced laser additive manufacturing, in particular to an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding processing head with an adjustable laser focus. And an optical fiber connector, an optical fiber water cooling module, a collimating lens module, a focusing lens module, a protective lens module, an optical axis adjusting module, a Z-axis adjusting module and an annular powder feeding system which are sequentially connected are arranged along the laser incidence direction. The optical axis adjusting module and the protective mirror module can realize fine adjustment of a laser focus and protection of a precise optical component. The invention can finely adjust the position of a laser focus, realize the optimal coupling of powder particles and a laser beam, realize the laser cladding processing at an ultrahigh speed, and simultaneously design the lens protection module to effectively avoid smoke dust from damaging an optical system during processing and realize the quick replacement of a stained protection lens.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of advanced laser additive manufacturing, in particular to an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding processing head with an adjustable laser focus.
Background
The ultra-high speed laser cladding technique proposed by freundhoff, germany, in 2017, processes laser and powder focused above a workpiece such that the laser energy is mostly used to melt the powder and a small portion is applied to the substrate. The metal powder is melted above the workpiece and falls on the surface of the workpiece under the action of gravity, so that the extremely high processing speed can be realized, which can reach 25-200m/mim, and meanwhile, the powder and the matrix are fully metallurgically combined, and the extremely low dilution rate of 2-4 percent can be realized. According to different cladding speeds, the thickness of the coating is 25-400 mu m, the surface of the coating is smooth and clean, and the coating can be put into use after being ground and polished, so that the manufacturing efficiency is greatly improved, and the coating has wide application prospects.
One of the factors affecting the processing quality of ultra-high speed laser cladding is the coupling condition of powder particles and laser beams. The better coupling can lead the powder to be fully melted and fall on the surface of the workpiece to form a good coating, and once a larger deviation is generated between the powder beam and the laser beam, the incomplete melting of the powder is possibly caused, and the defects of inclusion, holes, cracks and the like of the coating are formed. Therefore, how to adjust the focal position of the laser to achieve a good coupling state with the powder beam becomes a key problem for improving the cladding quality. In addition, a great amount of heat and smoke generated on the surface of the workpiece during the machining process may affect the precision optical system, and how to protect the precision optical system during the machining process is also a key issue.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding processing head with an adjustable laser focus, which is provided with an optical fiber connector, an optical fiber water cooling module, a collimating mirror module, a focusing mirror module, a protective mirror module, an optical axis adjusting module, a Z-axis adjusting module and an annular powder feeding system which are sequentially connected according to the laser incidence direction.
The optical axis adjusting module and the protective mirror module can realize fine adjustment of a laser focus and protection of a precise optical component.
Further, the ultra-high speed laser cladding processing head includes:
1. the optical fiber connector is used for connecting an optical fiber interface, in particular to a QBH interface;
2. the optical fiber water cooling module is used for performing water cooling heat dissipation on the optical fiber connector;
3. and the collimating mirror module is used for amplifying laser spots output by the optical fiber so as to obtain a parallel light path. The collimating lens module consists of a metal protective shell and an optical lens arranged in the shell. The optical lens is a combination of a convex lens and a concave lens, and is used for converting a point light source into a parallel light source.
4. And the focusing mirror module is used for focusing the parallel light path output by the collimating mirror module and focusing laser on one point, so that a point light source with extremely high energy density is obtained. The focusing lens module consists of a metal protective shell and an optical lens arranged in the shell. The optical lens is a convex lens and is used for converting the parallel light source output by the collimating lens module into a point light source.
5. The protective lens module is internally provided with a protective lens and used for protecting the precise lens from the influence of smoke dust during processing, wherein the protective lens is a plane light-transmitting lens and is arranged on the spectacle frame, and the whole protective lens can be pulled out so as to replace the polluted protective lens.
6. The optical axis adjusting module is used for finely adjusting the laser focus focused by the focusing mirror module along the XY axis direction, so that the coincidence of the two is ensured, the movable lens frame is designed inside the optical axis adjusting module, and the convex lens is installed on the movable lens frame and can adjust the position of the laser focus along with the movement of the movable lens frame.
And the Z-axis adjusting module is used for connecting the light path system and the annular powder feeding system and adjusting the position of a powder feeding nozzle of the annular powder feeding system along the Z-axis direction, so that the distance between a powder convergence point and a laser convergence point is adjusted in a small range, and laser cladding processing is better realized. The optical path system refers to the general names of the optical fiber connector, the optical fiber water-cooling module, the collimating lens module, the focusing lens module, the protective lens module and the optical axis adjusting module. The modules collimate, focus and regulate laser output by the optical fiber, and are collectively called as an optical path system.
8. The annular powder feeding system is used for gathering metal powder at one point, applying protective gas and melting the powder to be attached to the surface of a workpiece by means of laser energy;
9. and the fixed mounting plate is used for connecting the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding processing head with the numerical control machine tool. One end of the fixed mounting plate is mounted on the metal shell of the collimating mirror module by means of a cylindrical head screw, and the other end of the fixed mounting plate is mounted on a corresponding hole position of the numerical control machine.
The protective glass module is designed in a drawer mode, the protective glass outer frame and the spectacle frame structure can be separated and locked, the protective glass is mounted on the protective spectacle frame and can be fixed and clamped tightly by means of the glass clamping pieces, and cleaning and replacement can be conducted according to actual conditions. The lens clamping pieces are two and are respectively arranged in the grooves on the two sides of the protective spectacle frame, one end of each lens clamping piece is fixed by a screw, and the other end of each lens clamping piece extends into the protective spectacle frame mounting hole. The lens clamping piece has elasticity, and can clamp and fix the protective lens from two sides.
The outer frame of the protective glasses comprises an upper frame of the protective glasses and a bottom plate of the protective glasses, and the upper frame of the protective glasses and the bottom plate of the protective glasses are connected through positioning pins and screws. The spectacle frame structure comprises a protective spectacle frame and a locking mechanism, and the locking mechanism clamps hole positions corresponding to the upper frame of the protective spectacle by means of locking clamping pins to achieve the purpose of locking. The protective spectacle frame is provided with locking bayonet lock mounting holes at two sides for mounting the locking bayonet lock. The two locking bayonet pins are arranged in corresponding mounting hole positions of the locking bayonet pins of the protective spectacle frame, and a part of the locking bayonet pins is protruded to be clamped in the corresponding hole positions. The locking bayonet can move along the axial direction when pressed. The spring is settled in locking bayonet lock installation hole position, and one end and locking bayonet lock contact, the other end and fixed spring bottom cover contact to guarantee the resilience after the jack-up and pressing of locking bayonet lock.
Locking plectrum one end stretches into in the locking bayonet lock mounting hole, links to each other with the locking bayonet lock, can stir the locking bayonet lock and move down along the axis, and the locking plectrum other end is then passed by four spring pins, can realize vertically motion with the help of the spring pin locking plectrum. The spring catch links to each other with locking mechanism base, and the spring housing is on the spring catch, and the spring is arranged in between locking plectrum and the locking base, provides resistance and resilience for pressing of locking plectrum. The locking button is arranged between the locking shifting piece and the locking mechanism upper cover, the locking shifting piece can be pressed to move downwards, and the locking mechanism upper cover is provided with corresponding hole positions for the locking button to pass through.
The optical axis adjusting module is characterized by comprising an optical axis adjusting shell, a protective cover plate, a movable lens frame and a movable limiting device. The light transmitting lens is arranged in the movable lens frame, and the two fine tuning screws are rotated by means of a hexagonal wrench during adjustment to drive the movable lens frame to move in parallel along the XY axis directions, so that the adjustment of the center of a light beam can be completed.
The movable limiting device comprises a fine adjustment screw, a ball, a limiting block, a limiting pin and a spring. Wherein, the stopper is L type structure for one end, and the circular hollow tube that the other end has U type groove for opening, and circular hollow tube is settled in the corresponding spacing hole of optical axis regulation shell, and L type structure then cooperates with the trench that removes the lens frame and correspond. The round hollow pipe of the limiting block is internally provided with a spring which is coaxially arranged with the hollow pipe, one end of the spring is contacted with the limiting block, and the other end of the spring is contacted with the limiting pin. And meanwhile, the limiting pin clamps the U-shaped groove on the circular hollow pipe, so that the limiting block cannot rotate along the axial direction. Four mutually perpendicular end faces are processed on the outer surface of the movable lens frame, and a square groove and a groove are respectively formed in the two corresponding end faces. Taking two end faces perpendicular to the X-axis direction as an example, one end face is provided with a square groove (hereinafter called square groove X, the end face groove perpendicular to the Y-axis is the same) which is matched with an L-shaped structure of a limiting block (hereinafter called limiting block X, the end face groove perpendicular to the Y-axis is the same) arranged along the X-axis direction, and the other end face is provided with a groove (hereinafter called groove X, the end face groove perpendicular to the Y-axis is the same) and is provided with balls. And a fine adjustment screw (hereinafter called fine adjustment screw X, the same principle is applied to the Y-axis direction) arranged along the X-axis direction is arranged in a threaded hole on the side wall of the optical axis adjusting shell, and one end of the screw is provided with a hole to clamp the ball. The limiting block x supports against the movable lens frame under the elastic action of the spring, so that the ball at the other end of the lens frame is pressed between the groove and the fine adjustment screw x. When the position of the movable lens frame is adjusted along the X-axis direction, the fine adjustment screw X is rotated, and the screw extends out to push the ball to push the lens frame to move along the X-axis direction. At this moment, in the Y-axis direction, the sliding along the X-axis direction is generated between the lens frame square groove Y and the limiting block Y, and the limiting block Y blocks the lens frame to enable the lens frame to move along the Y-axis direction. Meanwhile, the sliding is generated between the groove y of the lens frame and the ball, and the sliding becomes smooth due to the existence of the ball. Under the combined action of the two, the lens frame can be ensured to move only along the X-axis direction when the X-axis position is adjusted, and the movement in the Y-axis direction is limited. Similarly, when the position of the movable lens holder is adjusted along the Y-axis direction, the same structure along the X-axis direction can also ensure that the lens holder moves only along the Y-axis direction.
The structure of the Z-axis adjusting module comprises a Z-axis adjusting base, a locking snap ring and a powder feeding nozzle fixing frame. The powder feeding nozzle fixing frame is hollow, one end of the powder feeding nozzle fixing frame is connected with the annular powder feeding nozzle, the other end of the powder feeding nozzle fixing frame is a smooth outer circle, and the powder feeding nozzle fixing frame is connected with the Z-axis adjusting base and is fixed by means of the locking clamping ring. When the powder feeding nozzle is adjusted, the inner hexagonal wrench is used, the locking clamping ring is loosened, and the annular powder feeding nozzle can be manually adjusted to move up and down.
The Z-axis adjusting base is externally connected with a protective gas interface which is used for being connected with a protective gas pipeline, and micro positive pressure gas flow is formed inside the base, so that the effect of isolating processing smoke dust is achieved. The annular powder feeding nozzle is provided with a powder inlet interface and a cooling water interface and is used for providing powder and protective gas for processing. Wherein the cooling water interface material is stainless steel or plastic, and the cooling water is deionized water or distilled water.
The advantages of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention is designed with a drawer-type replaceable protective lens module, which can fully protect the precise optical components and the coaxial optical fiber interface. The protection lens module is designed with a locking mechanism, can be fixed by means of locking clamping pins, is simultaneously designed with a quick-release structure, and when the protection lens is replaced, the protection lens frame can be taken out by releasing locking only by pressing an external locking button. In addition, the protective lenses are fixed on the spectacle frame by the aid of the lens clamping pieces, and tool-free quick replacement can be realized.
2. The invention is provided with the optical axis adjusting module, and can realize the adjustment of the laser focus along the XY direction, thereby realizing the good coupling of the laser beam and the powder beam and realizing better processing effect. The optical axis adjusting module has high adjusting precision, and accurate translation can be realized by means of the limiting device.
3. The invention is designed with a Z-axis adjusting module, can adjust the convergence focus of powder in a small range, thereby better coupling with a laser focus, and can replace different cladding powder feeding nozzles according to different processing requirements, thereby having stronger compatibility.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an ultra-high speed laser cladding processing head with adjustable laser focus.
Fig. 2 is a side view of a ultrafast laser cladding process head of fig. 1 with adjustable laser focus.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a protective mirror module in the system.
Fig. 4 is an exploded assembly view of the protective mirror module of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a stepped cross-sectional view of the protective mirror module of fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the optical axis adjusting module in the system.
Fig. 7 is an exploded assembly view of the optical axis adjusting module of fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a stepped sectional view of the optical axis adjusting module in fig. 6.
Fig. 9 is an exploded assembly view of the Z-axis adjustment module in the system.
Reference numerals: the device comprises a 1-optical fiber connector, a 2-optical fiber water-cooling module, a 3-collimating mirror module, a 4-fixed mounting plate, a 5-focusing mirror module, a 6-protective mirror module, a 7-optical axis adjusting module, an 8-Z axis adjusting module, a 9-annular powder feeding system, a 10-protective mirror upper frame, a 11-protective mirror bottom plate, a 12-protective mirror frame, a 13-locking mechanism base, a 14-locking mechanism upper cover, a 15-locking bayonet, a 16-locking shifting sheet, a 17-spring pin, an 18-locking button, a 19-spring bottom cover, a 20-lens clamping sheet, a 21-protective cover plate, a 22-optical axis adjusting shell, a 23-movable lens frame, a 24-fine adjustment screw, a 25-ball, a 26-limiting block, a 27-limiting pin, a 28-Z axis adjusting base, a 29-locking snap ring, a 30-powder feeding nozzle fixing frame, a 31-annular powder feeding nozzle, a 32-powder feeding interface and a 33-cooling water interface.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention patent and the accompanying drawings further describe the technical solutions of the present invention patent, but the present invention patent is not limited to these embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the ultra-high speed laser cladding processing head with the adjustable laser focus respectively comprises the following modules from top to bottom: the device comprises an optical fiber connector 1, an optical fiber water-cooling module 2, a collimating mirror module 3, a fixed mounting plate 4, a focusing mirror module 5, a protective mirror module 6, an optical axis adjusting module 7, a Z-axis adjusting module 8 and an annular powder feeding system 9. All modules are positioned by seam allowance structures and connected by bolts. And one end of the fixed mounting plate 4 is connected with the shell of the collimating mirror module 3, and the other end of the fixed mounting plate is connected with a numerical control machine tool.
During processing, laser is emitted by an optical fiber interface connected with the optical fiber connector 1 and is laser with a certain divergence angle, the laser is changed into parallel light after passing through the collimating mirror module 3, the parallel light is primarily focused into a point after passing through the focusing mirror module 5, then passes through the protective mirror module 6 and is focused again after passing through the optical axis adjusting module 7, and finally the laser reaches the annular powder feeding system 9 through the Z axis adjusting module 8. The annular powder feeding system 9 focuses metal powder on one point, and laser acts on the powder focus to melt the metal powder and then falls on the surface of a workpiece to complete cladding processing.
The protective glass module 6 can prevent the precision lens in the optical system from being polluted by smoke dust, and the optical axis adjusting module 7 can finely adjust the laser focus position within a certain range so as to achieve better coupling with the powder focus. The better coupling of the laser focus and the powder focus can shorten the melting time of the metal powder, so that the metal powder can be fully melted in a short time, and the processing speed can be improved; meanwhile, the better coupling enables most of laser energy to act on the powder and a small part of laser energy to act on the surface of the workpiece, so that the energy input on the surface of the workpiece is reduced, the cladding quality is improved, and the formation of a cladding coating with a lower dilution rate is facilitated.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, the protective mirror module 6 is of a drawer-type design, which is designed with a protective mirror holder 12 that can be pushed in and out. The protective glasses frame and the glasses frame structure can be separated and locked, and the protective glasses are arranged on the protective glasses frame 12 and are fixed and clamped by the aid of the glasses clamping pieces 20, so that the protective glasses frame and the glasses frame can be cleaned and replaced according to actual conditions. Two lens clips 20 are respectively mounted in the slots on both sides of the protective eyeglass frame 12, one end of each clip is fixed by screws, and the other end of each clip extends into the protective lens mounting hole. The lens clip 20 has elasticity and can clamp and fix the protection lens from both sides.
The outer frame of the protective glasses comprises an upper frame 10 of the protective glasses and a bottom plate 11 of the protective glasses, which are connected through positioning pins and screws. The spectacle frame structure comprises a protective spectacle frame 12 and a locking mechanism, wherein the locking mechanism clamps a hole position corresponding to the protective spectacle upper frame 10 by means of a locking bayonet 15 to achieve the purpose of locking. The protective eyeglass frame 12 is provided with latch mounting holes on both sides for mounting latches 15. Two latch pins 15 are provided to be fitted into corresponding latch pin fitting holes of the goggle frame and protrude partially to fit into the corresponding holes. The locking bayonet 15 is axially displaceable when pressed. The spring is seated in a detent mounting hole location with one end in contact with detent 15 and the other end in contact with a fixed spring bottom cap 19 to ensure jacking of detent 15 and rebound after pressing. One end of the locking shifting sheet 16 extends into the locking bayonet lock mounting hole and is connected with the locking bayonet lock 15, the locking bayonet lock 15 can be shifted to move downwards along the axis, the other end of the locking shifting sheet 16 is penetrated by four spring pins 17, and the locking shifting sheet 16 can move vertically by means of the spring pins 17. Spring catch 17 links to each other with locking mechanism base 13, and the spring housing is on spring catch 17, and the spring is arranged locking plectrum 16 and locking mechanism base 13 in between, provides resistance and resilience for pressing of locking plectrum 16. The locking button 18 is arranged between the locking shifting piece 16 and the locking mechanism upper cover 14, the locking shifting piece 16 can be pressed to move downwards, and the locking mechanism upper cover 14 is provided with corresponding hole positions for the locking button 18 to pass through.
As shown in fig. 6 to 8, the optical axis adjusting module 7 is composed of an optical axis adjusting housing 22, a protective cover 21, a movable lens holder 23, and a movement limiting device. The lens is mounted in the movable lens frame 23, and two fine tuning screws 24 are rotated by a hexagonal wrench during adjustment to drive the movable lens frame 23 to move in parallel along the XY axis directions, so as to complete adjustment of the laser focus.
The moving limiting device comprises a fine adjustment screw 24, a ball 25, a limiting block 26, a limiting pin 27 and a spring. Wherein, stopper 26 one end is L type structure, and the other end is for opening the circular hollow tube in U type groove, and circular hollow tube is settled in the corresponding spacing hole of optical axis adjustment shell 22, and L type piece then cooperates with the trench that removes lens frame 23 and correspond. The spring is equipped with in the circular hollow tube of stopper 26, spring and hollow tube coaxial arrangement, and spring one end and stopper 26 contact, and the other end and the contact of spacer pin 27, the U type groove on the circular hollow tube of spacer pin 27 card simultaneously for stopper 26 can't rotate along the axial. The movable lens frame 23 is provided with four end faces perpendicular to each other on the outer surface, and the two corresponding end faces are respectively provided with a square groove and a groove. Taking two end faces perpendicular to the X-axis direction as an example, one end face is provided with a square groove (hereinafter referred to as square groove X, the end face groove perpendicular to the Y-axis is the same) to be matched with the L-shaped structure of the limiting block 26 (hereinafter referred to as limiting block X, the Y-axis is the same) arranged along the X-axis direction, and the other end face is provided with a groove (hereinafter referred to as groove X, the end face groove perpendicular to the Y-axis is the same) and provided with a ball 25. A fine adjustment screw 24 (hereinafter, referred to as a fine adjustment screw X, and similarly in the Y-axis direction) arranged along the X-axis direction is installed in a threaded hole in the side wall of the optical axis adjusting housing 22, and one end of the screw is provided with a hole to clamp the ball 25. The limiting block x is abutted against the movable lens frame 23 under the elastic force of the spring, so that the ball 25 at the other end of the movable lens frame 23 is pressed between the groove and the fine adjustment screw x. When the position of the movable lens frame 23 is adjusted along the X-axis direction, the fine adjustment screw X is rotated, and the screw extends to abut against the ball 25 to push the movable lens frame 23 to move along the X-axis direction. At this moment, in the Y-axis direction, the lens frame square groove Y slides along the X-axis direction with the limiting block Y, and the limiting block Y blocks the movable lens frame 23 to make it unable to move along the Y-axis direction. At the same time, sliding is also generated between the lens frame groove y and the ball 25, and the sliding becomes smooth due to the presence of the ball 25. Under the combined action of the two, the movable lens frame 23 can be ensured to move only along the X-axis direction when the X-axis position is adjusted, and the movement in the Y-axis direction is limited. Similarly, the same structure in the X-axis direction also ensures that the movable lens frame 23 only moves along the Y-axis direction when the position of the movable lens frame 23 is adjusted along the Y-axis direction.
As shown in fig. 9, the Z-axis adjusting module 8 includes a Z-axis adjusting base 28, a locking snap ring 29, and a powder feeding nozzle holder 30. The powder feeding nozzle fixing frame 30 is hollow, one end of the powder feeding nozzle fixing frame is connected with the annular powder feeding nozzle 31, the other end of the powder feeding nozzle fixing frame is a smooth outer circle, and the powder feeding nozzle fixing frame is connected with the Z-axis adjusting base 28 and fixed through the locking snap ring 29. When adjusting, the locking snap ring 29 is loosened by using an inner hexagonal wrench, and the annular powder feeding nozzle 31 can be manually adjusted to move up and down.
The Z-axis adjusting base 28 is externally connected with a protective gas interface for connecting a protective gas pipeline, and micro positive pressure gas flow is formed in the base, so that the effect of isolating processing smoke dust is achieved. The annular powder feeding nozzle 31 is provided with a powder inlet port 32 and a cooling water port 33 for supplying powder and shielding gas for processing. Wherein the cooling water interface 33 is made of stainless steel or plastic, and the cooling water is deionized water or distilled water.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which the invention relates may supplement or substitute in a similar manner the specific embodiments described, without however departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The ultrahigh-speed laser cladding processing head with the adjustable laser focus is characterized by being provided with an optical fiber connector, an optical fiber water cooling module, a collimating mirror module, a focusing mirror module, a protective mirror module, an optical axis adjusting module, a Z-axis adjusting module and an annular powder feeding system which are sequentially connected according to the laser incidence direction;
the optical fiber connector is used for connecting the optical fiber interface;
the optical fiber water cooling module is used for performing water cooling heat dissipation on the optical fiber connector;
the collimating mirror module is used for amplifying laser spots output by the optical fiber so as to obtain a parallel light path; the collimating lens module consists of a metal protective shell and an optical lens arranged in the shell; the optical lens is a combination of a convex lens and a concave lens and is used for converting a point light source into a parallel light source;
the focusing mirror module is used for focusing the parallel light path output by the collimating mirror module and focusing laser on one point, so that a point light source with extremely high energy density is obtained; the focusing lens module consists of a metal protective shell and an optical lens arranged in the shell; the optical lens is a convex lens and is used for converting the parallel light source output by the collimating lens module into a point light source;
the protective lens module is internally provided with a protective lens and is used for protecting the precise lens from the influence of smoke and dust during processing, wherein the protective lens is a plane light-transmitting lens and is arranged on the spectacle frame, and the whole protective lens can be pulled out so as to replace the polluted protective lens;
the optical axis adjusting module is used for finely adjusting the laser focus focused by the focusing mirror module along the XY axis direction so as to ensure the superposition of the two, a movable lens frame is designed inside the optical axis adjusting module, and the convex lens is arranged on the movable lens frame and can adjust the position of the laser focus along with the movement of the movable lens frame;
the Z-axis adjusting module is used for connecting the light path system and the annular powder feeding system and adjusting the position of a powder feeding nozzle of the annular powder feeding system along the Z-axis direction, so that the distance between a powder convergence point and a laser convergence point is adjusted in a small range, and laser cladding processing is better realized;
the annular powder feeding system is used for converging metal powder at one point, applying protective gas and melting the powder to be attached to the surface of a workpiece by means of laser energy;
the fixed mounting plate is used for connecting the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding processing head with the numerical control machine tool; one end of the fixed mounting plate is mounted on the metal shell of the collimating mirror module by means of a cylindrical head screw, and the other end of the fixed mounting plate is mounted on a corresponding hole position of the numerical control machine.
2. A ultrafast laser cladding process head with adjustable laser focus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fibre interface is a QBH interface.
3. A ultrafast laser cladding process head with adjustable laser focus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protective lens module is of drawer type design, the protective lens outer frame and the lens frame structure are separable and lockable, the protective lens is mounted on the protective lens frame and fixed and clamped by means of lens clamping pieces, and can be cleaned and replaced according to actual conditions; the two lens clamping pieces are respectively arranged in the grooves on the two sides of the protective spectacle frame, one end of each lens clamping piece is fixed by a screw, and the other end of each lens clamping piece extends into the protective spectacle frame mounting hole; the lens clamping piece has elasticity and can clamp and fix the protective lens from two sides;
the outer protective frame comprises an upper protective frame and a bottom protective plate which are connected through a positioning pin and a screw; the spectacle frame structure comprises a protective spectacle frame and a locking mechanism, and the locking mechanism clamps a hole position corresponding to an upper frame of the protective spectacle by virtue of a locking bayonet lock so as to achieve the purpose of locking; the protective lens frame is provided with locking bayonet lock mounting holes at two sides for mounting the locking bayonet lock; the two locking bayonet pins are arranged in the corresponding mounting hole positions of the locking bayonet pins of the protective spectacle frame, and a part of the locking bayonet pins is protruded to be used for clamping the corresponding hole positions; the locking clamping pin can move along the axial direction when being pressed; the spring is arranged in the locking bayonet lock mounting hole, one end of the spring is in contact with the locking bayonet lock, and the other end of the spring is in contact with a fixed spring bottom cover, so that the jacking and the resilience after pressing of the locking bayonet lock are ensured; one end of the locking shifting piece extends into the locking bayonet lock mounting hole and is connected with the locking bayonet lock, the locking bayonet lock can be shifted to move downwards along the axis, the other end of the locking shifting piece penetrates through four spring pins, and the locking shifting piece can move vertically by means of the spring pins; the spring pin is connected with the locking mechanism base, the spring is sleeved on the spring pin, and the spring is arranged between the locking shifting piece and the locking base and provides resistance and resilience for pressing of the locking shifting piece; the locking button is arranged between the locking shifting piece and the locking mechanism upper cover, the locking shifting piece can be pressed to move downwards, and the locking mechanism upper cover is provided with corresponding hole positions for the locking button to pass through.
4. A ultrafast laser cladding process head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical axis adjusting module comprises an optical axis adjusting housing, a protective cover plate, a movable lens holder and a movable limiting device; the light-transmitting lens is arranged in the movable lens frame, and when the adjustment is carried out, the two fine adjustment screws are rotated by means of a hexagonal wrench to drive the movable lens frame to move in parallel along the XY axis direction, so that the adjustment of the center of the light beam can be completed;
the movable limiting device comprises a fine adjustment screw, a ball, a limiting block, a limiting pin and a spring; one end of the limiting block is of an L-shaped structure, the other end of the limiting block is a circular hollow pipe provided with a U-shaped groove, the circular hollow pipe is arranged in a limiting hole corresponding to the optical axis adjusting shell, and the L-shaped structure is matched with a corresponding groove position of the movable lens frame; a spring is arranged in a circular hollow tube of the limiting block, the spring and the hollow tube are coaxially arranged, one end of the spring is in contact with the limiting block, the other end of the spring is in contact with the limiting pin, and meanwhile, the limiting pin clamps a U-shaped groove in the circular hollow tube, so that the limiting block cannot axially rotate; four end faces which are vertical to each other are processed on the outer surface of the movable lens frame, and a square groove and a groove are respectively formed on the two corresponding end faces; taking two end faces perpendicular to the X-axis direction as an example, one end face is provided with a square groove X to be matched with an L-shaped structure of a limiting block X arranged along the X-axis direction, and the other end face is provided with a groove X and is provided with a ball; a fine adjustment screw X arranged along the X-axis direction is arranged in a threaded hole in the side wall of the optical axis adjusting shell, and one end of the fine adjustment screw X is provided with a hole for clamping a ball; the limiting block X is abutted against the movable lens frame under the action of the elastic force of the spring, so that the ball at the other end of the lens frame is pressed between the groove and the fine adjustment screw X, when the position of the movable lens frame is adjusted along the X-axis direction, the fine adjustment screw X is rotated, the screw stretches out to abut against the ball to push the lens frame to move along the X-axis direction, at the moment, in the Y-axis direction, the lens frame square groove Y and the limiting block Y slide along the X-axis direction, the limiting block Y blocks the lens frame to enable the lens frame to be incapable of moving along the Y-axis direction, meanwhile, the lens frame groove Y and the ball also slide, and the sliding becomes smooth due to the existence of the ball; under the combined action of the two, the lens frame can only move along the X-axis direction when the X-axis position is adjusted, and the movement in the Y-axis direction is limited; similarly, the same structure in the X-axis direction also ensures that the lens frame only moves in the Y-axis direction when the position of the movable lens frame is adjusted in the Y-axis direction.
5. The machining head for ultra-high speed laser cladding with the adjustable laser focus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Z-axis adjusting module comprises a Z-axis adjusting base, a locking snap ring and a powder feeding nozzle fixing frame; the powder feeding nozzle fixing frame is hollow, one end of the powder feeding nozzle fixing frame is connected with the annular powder feeding nozzle, the other end of the powder feeding nozzle fixing frame is a smooth outer circle, and the powder feeding nozzle fixing frame is connected with the Z-axis adjusting base and is fixed by means of a locking snap ring; when the powder feeding nozzle is adjusted, the locking clamping ring is loosened by using an inner hexagonal wrench, and the annular powder feeding nozzle can be manually adjusted to move up and down.
6. A superspeed laser cladding processing head with an adjustable laser focus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a protective gas interface is connected with the outside of the Z-axis adjusting base and used for being connected with a protective gas pipeline, and a micro positive pressure gas flow is formed inside the base to achieve the effect of isolating processing smoke; the annular powder feeding nozzle is provided with a powder inlet interface and a cooling water interface and is used for providing powder and protective gas for processing, wherein the cooling water interface is made of stainless steel or plastic, and the cooling water is deionized water or distilled water.
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| CN202211221303.7A CN115522197A (en) | 2022-10-08 | 2022-10-08 | Ultrahigh-speed laser cladding processing head with adjustable laser focus |
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| CN202211221303.7A CN115522197A (en) | 2022-10-08 | 2022-10-08 | Ultrahigh-speed laser cladding processing head with adjustable laser focus |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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