CN1155217A - 减小显示系统中感知轮廓的方法 - Google Patents

减小显示系统中感知轮廓的方法 Download PDF

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CN1155217A
CN1155217A CN96119213A CN96119213A CN1155217A CN 1155217 A CN1155217 A CN 1155217A CN 96119213 A CN96119213 A CN 96119213A CN 96119213 A CN96119213 A CN 96119213A CN 1155217 A CN1155217 A CN 1155217A
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CN100367787C (zh
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维沙尔·马坎迪
D·B·多尔蒂
R·J·戈夫
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    • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
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    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
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    • G09G3/2037—Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals using sub-frames with specific control of sub-frames corresponding to the least significant bits
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    • H04N5/7416—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal
    • H04N5/7458—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal the modulator being an array of deformable mirrors, e.g. digital micromirror device [DMD]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
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    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
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    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
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    • G09G3/346—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on modulation of the reflection angle, e.g. micromirrors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
    • H04N5/7416—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal
    • H04N5/7458—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal the modulator being an array of deformable mirrors, e.g. digital micromirror device [DMD]
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Abstract

使用具有有限转变时间的空间光调制器的脉冲宽度调制方法。该方法用每个取样的m位来数字化新进的数据，但按m-1位均分脉冲宽度调制的LSB的次数。当前视频帧显示每个取样的全部位，只是不显示每个取样的LSB。下一视频帧迅速每个取样的全部位，加一个以上的LSB来分割帧时间，第1帧能用任何附加的LSB时间和不显示数据，或者，它能只用所需的LSB次数。在后一种情况下，系统会调节用于帧交替的帧时间的不同部分。

Description

减小显示系统中感知轮廓的方法
本发明涉及数字式视频显示，特别涉及用于这些显示的数据脉冲宽度调制。
典型的二元空间光调制器包含具有两种状态即ON和OFF的元件。当正图数字式显示模拟数据的取样时，会出现某些困难。用脉冲宽度调制(PWM)如以阴极射线管(CRT)为基础的系统，能较真实地模拟显示。
典型的PWM包括将帧时间分成许多段。例如，一个按8比特取样的系统，帧时间分成255段(28-1)。最高的有效位数据(MSB)在给定的元件上显示128时间段。若与元件相关的像素的总的二元值的亮度值为128以上，则MSB应为1。这应典型地使元件为ON态，在ON态处光直射到显示面。其它实施例，在128时间段内多次转换元件OFF和ON，而元件不在ON态停留128时间段。
然后，下一个MSB应有64时间段的时间周期，因此，以下的位应陆续有32、16、8、4、2和1时间段。最低的有效位(LSB)只有1时间段其它位的时间段应是它的多倍、因此，最小的时间段通常叫做LSB时间。例如，MSB可以说有128 LSB时间，而不是128时间段。
在用PWM的系统中LSB是有限制的。对8位彩色系统而言，每个颜色必须有1/3帧时间。帧按60Hz传播，因此，帧时间是1/60，或16.67毫钞。对三色(红、绿、兰)系统而言，每色应只有5.56毫秒。因此，LSB时间应是21.77微秒。
就大多数空间光调制器而言，这会引起问题。每个元素的转换时间应纸于该时间。一种方法是减少每个取样的位数。例如，只用7位取样使LSB的时间量增大到43.77微秒。但是，每个取样低于8位则会导致视觉的人为现象和轮廓。因而，用PWM的方法允许使用8位取样，其中需要系统的时间制约和调制器。
本发明的一个方案是一种用于在空间光调制器上数据显示的脉冲宽度调制方法。其中，数据用每个取样的位数M进行数字化。然后，将给出的视频帧时间按每个取样m-1位分成LSB的倍数，用于脉冲调制。在一帧时间内。用全部LSB倍数显示用于电流帧用的M位取样的全部位，只是不显示每个取样用的LSB。在下一帧时间内，显示用于下一帧的M位取样的全部位，这帧时间有的LSB倍数是前一帧的LSB倍数加一个LSB时间。
本发明的优点是，为避免在最后显示的图像中出现轮廓和人为现象，允许用更多位数。
本发明还有一个优点是、空间光调制器不需要长的转变或转换时间。
通过以下结合附图所作的详细说明，将会更清楚地理解本发明及其优点。
图1是关于每个像素用8位和7位取样的现有脉冲宽度调制的时序图；
图2是每个像素有8位取样的交替帧脉冲宽度调制方法的一个实施例的操作流程图；
图3是每个像素有8位取样的交替帧脉冲宽度调制方法的一个实施例的时序图；
图4是每个像素8位取样的交替帧脉冲宽度调制控制电路的方框图。
图1中示意性展示出每个取样8位和7位的时序的典型脉冲宽度调制。每个取样位数叫作新进数据取样用位数。典型的空间光调制器以数字式显示每个像素的数据。数字词或取样有预定的位数。位数越多，数字化越精确，时间分得更细。
每个取样用7位，也叫做7位系统，要显示的最低有效位(LSB)是43.75微秒，如图1中线10所示。若规定LSB为位O，那么位1应显示它的两倍长，或2LSB。然后，2-5位的时间应分别等于4LSB、8LSB、16LSB和32LSB。最高有效(MSB)位6，应有的时间等于64LSB，它恰好超过有效的帧时间的一半。7位3色系统有27-1或127LSB时间(43.74微秒时间，127＝5.56毫秒，即60Hz视频系统中3色中的1个颜色的帧时间。
对大多数空间光调制器就它们在态与态之间它们的转变时间，7位系统中的LSB时间是可调整的。
但是，7位系统会产生更多的人为现象和轮廓，这对观众而言图形质量下降了。8位系统的LSB时间为21.77微秒，正如图1中线12所示。调制器的转变时间接近甚至超过时间周期时，它变得不能调整。但是，每个取样8位似乎是减少人为现象和轮廓的阈值。
但是，调制器转换时间的时间限制与60Hz系统中的占有时间之间存在矛盾。图2展示了有8位系统的优点的方法操作流程图，但没有正视这种短LSB时间的缺点。
20步中，每个取样的位数用于均分LSB的次数。若每个取样的位数是每个取样的实际位数，则规定LSB的次数减1倍。例如，对于8位系统，应用7位均分LSB时间，用2m-1均分LSB时间。就8位系统(m＝8)，应得出255 LSB时间。但是，按本实施例，m-1位只能用于27-1或127LSB时间。
一旦确定了每帧的LSB的次数，若它是7位系统，则在第1帧中显示数据，在22步中不显示LSB。该帧中每位应有以下的LSB的次数：位7/64；位6.32；位5.16；位4.8；位3，4；位2、2；位1、1。这要给出127 LSB的总次数。
24步中，用相同的加数显示下一帧，只是显示LSB的1 LSB时间。注意，标准脉冲宽度调制中，要典型显示的LSB只是上述图解说明中的1/2 LSB时间。这种情况下，代替127，帧应有128 LSB次。该额外的LSB时间可均分在几路中。就一个实例而言，第1帧能分成128 LSB次，每次时间为43.40微秒长。最后的LSB时间电子在时间内不显示任何数据，因此可忽略不计。另一个实例是，第1帧仍保持分成127次LSB，每次是44.77微秒。不考虑第1帧如何分，第2帧总是分成128LSB。后一例中，应该有调节不同帧次数的控制电路，无限重复帧之间的交替，直到系统转到OFF，或假定一些其它静止状态。
LSB的各种值和次数列于下表中
    第1帧     第2帧
  Bit  LSBs   等分帧时间(μsec)   均分帧时间(μsec)  LSBs   帧时间(μsec)
  7   64   2777.778   2799.650   64   2778.778
  6   32   1388.889   1399.825   32   1388.889
  5   16   694.444   699.9125   16   694.4444
  4   8   347.222   349.9563   8   347.2222
  3   4   173.611   174.9781   4   176.6111
  2   2   86.8056   87.4891   2   86.8056
  1   1   43.4028   43.7445   1   43.8056
  -   1   43.4028   0.00   1   43.4028
 Total  128   5555.56   5555.57   5555.56
表中，术语“等帧时间”是指图3所示第1例，“平均帧时间”是指第2例。
设计者选择所用方法，以调节第2帧中额外的LSB时间。可以决定选择的因素包括：特别系统对排除人为现象和轮廓的要求，控制不同帧时间的数据处理能力；和调制器使用中的速度和运行。
能用于调节上述任一实施或其它实例的可能的系统结构的一个实例示于图4中。图4中，空间光调制器40有一辅助存储器42。用编制器48处理特进入的数据，它可以包括按等于每个取样的m位的速度取样数据。指令序列控制器44，它控制从存储器取出数据和将数据送入存储器的速度。可将指令序列控制器设计成或编程为改变帧与帧之间LSB次数的长度，或恰好使一个LSB时间用的全部调制器元件转到OFF。
指令序列控制器接收触发器电路46来的信号，它负责状态转换，或储存数值，显示下一帧的数据是127 LSB，或是128。触发器电路会根据帧同步信号的接收送出两个信号中的一个。若前一信号显示127-LSB帧像，电流信号应显示128-LSB帧像。根据下一帧同步信号的接收，送入的信号应相应地反向。
上述的方法和电路允许每个取样数据使用8位，以避免用少于8位的系统中的轮廓和人为现象，还允许空间光调制器有足够的时间在允许的时间帧中改变状态。显示其它每一帧的LSB，引起帧与帧之间明显的暂时不一致是独创的思想。但是测试中，没曝露出这种不一致。此外，其它每帧的LSB显示只是减少了从数据的全部帧恰好除去了LSB的存在于7位系统或8位系统中的轮廓和人为现象。
尽管集中说明了用7位定时显示的8位系统，但本方法也能用于其它情况，如，用8位定时显示9位系统。而且，按该方式能时间调制1位以上，如用6位定时显示的8位。在最初实验的最后的实例中会引起的闪变，而用8位定时显示的10位系统则不会。第1帧中，全部位都应显示，只是最后的有效位不显示。随着要显示的其它每帧的LSB，应显示每个第四帧的LSB。
因此，尽管是用特定的实施例说明了脉冲宽度调制法，但它们不是对发明范围的限制，发明要求保护的范围由以下权利要求书限定。

Claims (6)

1  用脉冲宽度调制的数字式视频数据显示方法，包括：
根据位数小于数字取样用的实际位数的脉冲宽度调制图表，用脉冲宽度调制，在视频帧时间内均分最后有效位(LSB)次数；
显示所述帧时间中的所述视频数据的第1帧，其中所述帧有预定次数的LSB，因此，除LSB外显示所述第1帧中的任何取样的全部位数，
显示所述帧时间中的所述视频数据的第2帧，所述帧有预定次数的LSB加上甚少一个LSB时间，因此，显示比所述第1帧中显示过的任何取样多的更多位。
2  按权利要求1的方法，其特征是，脉冲宽度调制图表有7位，而且，其中的8位是实际用于所述数字取样。
3  按权利要求1的方法，其特征是，脉冲宽度调制图表有8位，而且，第中9位实际用于所述数字取样。
4  按权利要求1的方法，还包括每个第4帧显示LSB的步骤。
5  空间光调制器上数据的脉冲宽度调制的控制电路，包括；
存储器，与所述空间光调制器连接，用于储存并给所述调制器输入数据；
编制器，与所述存储器连接，能编制新进入的视频数据，包括以每个像素的m位的预定取样速率将所述数据数字化的功能；
指令顺序控制器，与所述存储器和所述空间光调制器连接，能控制从所述存储器到所述调制器的数据流，用所述调制器对所述数据脉冲宽度调制；
触发器电路，与所述指令顺序控制器连接，它接收帧同步信号，并用所述帧同步信号将信号送到所述指令顺序控制器，其中所述信号引起所述指令顺序控制器控制所述脉冲宽度调制，因此，所述空间光调制器交替采用第1帧形式和第2帧形式，所述第1帧形式中除每个像数的LSB外所有位全部显示，所述第2帧形式中显示的每个像素的位比第1帧中的显示位更多。
6  按权利要求5的电路，其特征是，所述触发器电路还用所述帧同步信号将信号送给所述指令顺序控制器以控制所述脉冲宽度调制，因此，每个第4帧显示的任何取样的LSB。
CNB961192135A 1995-10-06 1996-10-06 减少显示系统中感知轮廓线的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN100367787C (zh)

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KR100413308B1 (ko) 2004-03-30
CA2187044C (en) 2003-07-01
EP0770981A3 (en) 1997-09-10
EP0770981B1 (en) 2003-05-02
DE69627782T2 (de) 2004-03-11
US5751379A (en) 1998-05-12
DE69627782D1 (de) 2003-06-05
SG68598A1 (en) 1999-11-16
KR19980025801A (ko) 1998-07-15
CA2187044A1 (en) 1997-04-07
CN100367787C (zh) 2008-02-06

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