CN100367787C - 减少显示系统中感知轮廓线的方法 - Google Patents

减少显示系统中感知轮廓线的方法 Download PDF

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CN100367787C
CN100367787C CNB961192135A CN96119213A CN100367787C CN 100367787 C CN100367787 C CN 100367787C CN B961192135 A CNB961192135 A CN B961192135A CN 96119213 A CN96119213 A CN 96119213A CN 100367787 C CN100367787 C CN 100367787C
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lsb
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维沙尔·马坎迪
D·B·多尔蒂
R·J·戈夫
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
    • G09G3/2018—Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals
    • G09G3/2022—Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals using sub-frames
    • G09G3/2037—Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals using sub-frames with specific control of sub-frames corresponding to the least significant bits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
    • H04N5/7416—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal
    • H04N5/7458—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal the modulator being an array of deformable mirrors, e.g. digital micromirror device [DMD]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0266—Reduction of sub-frame artefacts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
    • G09G3/2018—Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/3433—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
    • G09G3/346—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on modulation of the reflection angle, e.g. micromirrors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
    • H04N5/7416—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal
    • H04N5/7458—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal the modulator being an array of deformable mirrors, e.g. digital micromirror device [DMD]
    • H04N2005/7466—Control circuits therefor

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Abstract

用具有有限转变时间的空间光调制器的脉冲宽度调制方法。该方法用每个具有m位的取样来数字化新进的数据，但按m-1位均分脉冲宽度调制的LSB的时间。当前视频帧显示每个取样的全部位，只是不显示每个取样的LSB。下一视频帧显示每个取样的全部位，加一个以上的LSB来分割帧时间，第1帧能用任何附加的LSB时间和不显示数据，或者，它能只用所需的LSB时间。后一种情况下，系统会调节用于帧交替的帧时间的不同部分。系统包括空间光调制器(40)，存储器(42)，编制器(48)，指令顺序控制器(44)和触发电路(46)，以进行该方法。

Description

减少显示系统中感知轮廓线的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及数字视频显示，特别涉及这些显示的数据脉冲宽度调制。
背景技术
二进制空间光调制器一般包含具有开(ON)和关(OFF)两种状态的元件。当试图显示模拟数据的数字样本时，这会出现某些困难。用脉冲宽度调制(PWM)允许对诸如基于阴极射线管(CRT)的系统等模拟显示器作较真实的模拟。
PWM一般包括将帧时间分成许多段。例如，对于一个按8比特样本采样的系统，把帧时间分成255段(28-1)。最高有效位(MSB)数据在给定的元件上显示128个时间段。若与该元件相关的像素的总的二进制值具有等于或大于128的亮度值，则MSB为“1”。这典型地使元件处于ON态，在ON态光被引向显示面。其它实施例中，元件在128个时间段内多次在OFF态和ON态之间切换，而不是在ON态停留128时间段。
然后，下一个MSB具有64个时间段的时段，依此类推，因此，以下的位陆续具有32、16、8、4、2和1个时间段。最低有效位(LSB)只有1个时间段，其它位的时间段应是它的倍数，因此，最小的时间段时常叫做LSB时间。例如，可以说MSB有128个LSB时间，而不是128个时间段。
LSB对于使用PWM的系统是一个限制。例如，对彩色8位系统而言，每种颜色必须有1/3的帧时间。帧频为60Hz，因此，帧时间是1/60或16.67毫秒。对三色(红、绿、兰)系统而言，每种颜色只有5.56毫秒。因此，LSB时间是21.77微秒。
就大多数空间光调制器而言，这会引起问题。每个元素的转换时间应该远低于该时间。一种方法是减少每个样本的位数。例如，只用7位样本使LSB时间增大到43.77微秒。但是，每个样本使用低于8位则会导致视觉上的膺象和轮廓线。因而，需要一种允许在系统的时间约束内采用8位样本的使用PWM的方法和调制器。
发明内容
一种使用脉冲宽度调制来显示数字视频数据的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括：接收代表视频图像的数字图像信号，对于所述图像的每个像素，所述数字图像信号包括至少m位数据位；为所述至少m位数据位中除最低有效位以外的数据位分配第一显示周期；在第一显示周期中，使用所述至少m位数据位中除最低有效位以外的数据位来显示所述视频图像；为所有m位数据位分配第二显示周期；在第二显示周期中，使用所述m位数据位来显示所述视频图像，其中在所述第二显示周期中多显示的位具有与所述第一显示周期中最低有效位相等的显示周期。
本发明的优点是，为避免在最后显示的图像中出现轮廓线和膺象，允许用更多的位数。
本发明还有一个优点是，空间光调制器元件不需要长的转换或切换时间。
现在通过以下结合附图所作的详细说明，来更完整地理解本发明及其更多的优点。
附图说明
图1是每个像素8位和7位样本的现有技术的脉冲宽度调制时序图；
图2是每个像素8位样本的交替帧脉冲宽度调制方法的一个实施例的流程图；
图3是每个像素8位样本的交替帧脉冲宽度调制方法的一个实施例的时序图；
图4是每个像素8位样本的控制交替帧脉冲宽度调制的电路的方框图。
具体实施方式
图1中示出每个样本8位和7位的典型脉冲宽度调制的时序图。每个样本的位数指对输入数据采样所使用的位数。空间光调制器一般把每个像素的数据作为数字表示来显示。数字字或样本有预定的位数。位数越多，数字化越准确，而帧时间必须分得更细。
每个样本用7位，这也将叫做7位系统，最低有效位(LSB)将显示43.75微秒，如图1中的线10上所示。若规定LSB为位0，那么位1显示为它的两倍长，或2LSB。然后，位2-5的时间应分别等于4LSB、8LSB、16LSB和32LSB。最高有效位(MSB)(位6)具有的时间等于64LSB，它恰好超过有用的帧时间的一半。7位3色系统有27-1个或127个LSB时间(43.74微秒×127＝5.56毫秒，即60Hz视频系统中3种颜色中的1种颜色的帧时间)。
就大多数空间光调制器在态与态之间的转换时间而言，7位系统中的LSB时间是易处理的。但是，7位系统会出现更多的膺象和轮廓线，这对于观看者而言图象质量下降了。8位系统的LSB时间为21.77微秒，正如图1中的线12上所示。当调制器的转换时间接近甚至超过该时间间隔时，这变得不易处理。但是，每个样本8位似乎是减少膺象和轮廓线的阈值。因此，调制器转换时间的时间限制与60Hz系统中的可用时间之间存在矛盾。图2示出了一种方法的流程图，它具有8位系统的优点，但没有正视这种短LSB时间的缺点。
在步骤20，每个样本的位数用来分摊LSB时间的数目。如此设置LSB时间的数目，犹如每个样本的位数是每个样本的实际位数减一位。例如，对于一个8位系统，就用7位来分摊LSB时间。用2m-1个LSB时间来分摊。对于一个8位系统(m＝8)，这将得出255个LSB时间。但是，按本实施例，对于27-1或127个LSB时间只能用m-1位。
一旦确定了每帧的LSB时间，则在第1帧中显示数据，犹如在系统中只有7位，在22步中不显示LSB。该帧中每位具有以下的LSB时间数目：位7，64；位6，32；位5，16；位4，8；位3，4；位2，2；位1，1。这给出总共127个LSB时间。
在步骤24，除了用1LSB时间来显示LSB之外，用相同的权重显示下一帧。注意，在上面讨论的方案中，一般在标准的脉冲宽度调制中只用1/2个LSB时间来显示LSB。在这种情况下，帧有128个LSB时间，而不是127个。可以几种方法来分摊该额外的LSB时间。就一个实例而言，第1帧能分成128个LSB时间，每个长度为43.40微秒。最后一个LSB时间可忽略，其做法是在该时间内不显示任何数据。另一个实例是，第1帧仍保持分成127个LSB时间，每个是44.77微秒。无论第1帧如何分，第2帧总是分成128个LSB。后一例中，控制电路应该能够调节不同的帧时间。不确定地重复帧之间的交替，直到系统转到OFF，或假定一些其它关闭状态。
LSB的各种值和时间列于下表中。
  第1帧   第2帧
  位   LSBs   相等帧时间(μsec)   比例帧时间(μsec)   LSBs   帧时间(μsec)
  7   64   2777.778   2799.650   64   2778.778
6 32 1388.889 1399.825 32 1388.889
5 16 694.4444 699.9125 16 694.4444
  4   8   347.2222   349.9563   8   347.2222
  3   4   173.6111   174.9781   4   176.6111
  2   2   86.8056   87.4891   2   86.8056
  1   1   43.4028   43.7445   1   43.4028
  -   1   43.4028   0.00   1   43.4028
  合计   128   5555.56   5555.57   5555.56
表中，短语“相等帧时间”是指图3所示的第1例，而“比例帧时间”是指第2例。
选择何种方法来调节第2帧中额外的LSB时间取决于设计者。可以决定选择的因素包括：一个特殊系统对于消除膺象和轮廓线的要求；控制不同帧时间的处理能力；和所用的调制器的速度和性能。
能用于适应上述任一实例和其它实例的可能的系统结构的一个实例示于图4中。图4中，空间光调制器40有一关联存储器42。用格式化程序48来处理输入数据，该程序可以包括按等于每个样本m位的速率来采样数据。指令序列控制器44将控制从存储器取出数据和将数据送入调制器的速率。可将指令序列控制器设计成或编程，用于改变帧与帧之间LSB时间的长度，或只是把全部调制器元件断开一个LSB时间。
指令序列控制器接收来自触发器电路46的信号，该触发电路负责状态转换，或储存一个值，该值显示下一帧是具有数据的127 LSB，还是128 LSB。触发器电路会根据帧同步信号的接收送出两个信号中的一个。若先前信号指出一个127LSB的帧，则现在的信号将支持一个128LSB的帧。根据下一帧同步信号的接收，发送的信号应相应地反向。
上述的方法和电路允许每个样本使用8位数据，以避免在用少于8位的系统中出现的轮廓线和膺象，还允许空间光调制器有足够的时间在允许的时间帧中改变状态。原先想用每隔一帧显示LSB来引起帧与帧之间明显的暂时不一致。但是，测试中，这种不一致是无法觉察的。此外，只是每隔一帧显示LSB减少了轮廓线和膺象，它们存在于7位系统中，或者从所有的数据帧中恰好除去LSB的8位系统中。
尽管讨论集中在用7位定时显示的8位系统，但本方法也能用于其它情况，诸如用8位定时显示一帧的9位系统。而且，能够按该方式时间调制1位以上，诸如用6位定时显示8位。虽然这个最后的实例在起初的实验中引起了闪烁，而用8位定时显示10位的系统则不闪烁。第1帧中，除了最低有效位不显示之外，所有的位都显示，每隔一帧显示紧靠LSB的位，而每四帧显示最低有效位。
因此，尽管迄今用了一些特殊的实施例来说明一种可采用的脉冲宽度调制法，但不打算用它们来限制本发明范围，本发明要求保护的范围由以下的权利要求书限定。

Claims (6)

1.一种使用脉冲宽度调制来显示数字视频数据的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括：
接收代表视频图像的数字图像信号，对于所述图像的每个像素，所述数字图像信号包括至少m位数据位；
为所述至少m位数据位中除最低有效位以外的数据位分配第一显示周期；
在第一显示周期中，使用所述至少m位数据位中除最低有效位以外的数据位来显示所述视频图像；
为所有m位数据位分配第二显示周期；
在第二显示周期中，使用所述m位数据位来显示所述视频图像，其中在所述第二显示周期中多显示的最低有效位具有与所述第一显示周期中最低有效位相等的显示周期。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述在第一显示周期中显示所述视频图像包括在第一帧周期中显示所述视频图像的第一帧。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述在第二显示周期中显示所述视频图像包括在第二帧周期中显示所述视频图像的第二帧。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述在第二显示周期中显示所述视频图像包括每四帧显示所述视频图像。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述在第一显示周期中显示所述视频图像包括把所述第一显示周期分摊成所述m个数据位中除最低有效位以外所有位的位显示周期，在第二显示周期中显示所述视频图像包括把所述第一显示周期分摊成所有所述m位数据位的位显示周期。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在第一显示周期中显示所述视频图像包括在所述第一显示周期内显示m-1位所述数据位。
CNB961192135A 1995-10-06 1996-10-06 减少显示系统中感知轮廓线的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN100367787C (zh)

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JP4059944B2 (ja) 2008-03-12
KR100413308B1 (ko) 2004-03-30
US5751379A (en) 1998-05-12
KR19980025801A (ko) 1998-07-15
CA2187044C (en) 2003-07-01
CN1155217A (zh) 1997-07-23
EP0770981B1 (en) 2003-05-02
EP0770981A2 (en) 1997-05-02
SG68598A1 (en) 1999-11-16
JPH09230824A (ja) 1997-09-05
DE69627782D1 (de) 2003-06-05
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