CN115521399A - 一种含侧链乙烯基的共聚物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种含侧链乙烯基的共聚物及其制备方法。其包括如下步骤：丙烯酸缩水甘油醚和其他烯类单体共聚得到含环氧基团的共聚物，再与丙烯羧酸化合物反应，得到所述的含侧链乙烯基的共聚物。本发明中原料廉价易得，反应条件温和，操作简单。该共聚物具有快速光固化的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域，具体涉及一种含侧链乙烯基的共聚物及其制备方法。
背景技术
自由基聚合技术能在较温和的条件下合成具有不同分子链结构的嵌段、接枝、星形、梳形、超支化以及环状均/共聚合物，为设计合成具有精确分子结构参数和特定性能的高分子材料开辟了一条新途径。丙烯酸缩水甘油醚是一种含有双功能基团的丙烯酸酯衍生物，其中不饱和乙烯基容易发生均/共聚反应，当与烯类单体(如丙烯酸酯类、苯乙烯等)进行共聚时，可获得带有环氧功能性侧基的高分子材料。环氧基团活性较大，易与羟基、胺基、羧基等官能团发生开环加成反应，以获得具有特种功能性的高分子材料。专利CN101851321A公布了一种三元共聚树脂及其制备方法，由芳香族乙烯基单体、丙烯腈系单体和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚得到含环氧基团的树脂；专利CN109593423A公布了一种三元共聚GMA型丙烯酸粉末涂料，同样得到含环氧基团的树脂；专利CN110229282A公布了一种GMA接枝型水性丙烯酸改性醇酸树脂及其制备方法，共聚得到改性树脂。三个专利得到树脂中乙烯基含量少，所以紫外光固化效果不好。
带乙烯基的单体/齐聚物与光引发剂的混合物在紫外光辐射下可快速的进行链反应，进而固化成膜。相较于传统的固化技术，紫外光固化技术可以大量减少挥发性有机化合物的使用，是一项环保、节能型的新技术。因此，如何将乙烯基引入高分子材料，是紫外光固化领域重要环节。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种含侧链乙烯基的共聚物的制备方法，该方法原料廉价易得，反应条件温和，操作简单。
一种含侧链乙烯基的共聚物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)室温下，将丙烯酸缩水甘油醚和烯类单体混合搅拌均匀后，取1/4混合单体和链转移剂加入反应釜中，调节机械搅拌转速为150-400r/min左右，并用氩气保护；
(2)温度升至70-85℃后，将剩余混合单体和引发剂混合物滴加至反应釜中。滴加完，保温继续反应1-4小时；
(3)将阻聚剂和催化剂加入反应釜，搅拌均匀后，滴加丙烯羧酸化合物。滴加完，升温至85-95℃搅拌反应至酸值降至3mgKOH/g以下。停止反应，得侧链乙烯基的共聚物。
所述的丙烯酸缩水甘油醚为丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油醚、4-羟基丁基丙烯酸酯缩水甘油醚中的至少一种。
所述的烯类单体为丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、四氢化糠基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、N-乙烯吡咯烷酮等中的至少一种。
所述的丙烯羧酸化合物为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸-2-羧乙酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-羧乙酯中的至少一种。
所述的阻聚剂为2,6-对二叔丁基对甲酚、对甲氧基苯酚中的至少一种。
所述的链转移剂为正十二硫醇、叔十二硫醇中的至少一种。
所述的引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈、过氧化二苯甲酰、4,4'-偶氮双(4-氰基戊酸)、偶氮二异庚腈中的至少一种。
所述的催化剂为N,N-二甲基乙醇胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、三乙胺、三乙醇胺、四甲基溴化铵中的至少一种。
所述的酸值含量的测定方法为氢氧化钾乙醇溶液滴定法。
所述的丙烯酸缩水甘油醚与烯类单体物质的量之比为0.1-0.7。
所述的丙烯羧酸化合物与丙烯酸缩水甘油醚的物质的量之比为0.2-1。
本发明提供了一种含侧链乙烯基的共聚物的制备方法，该方法使用的原料廉价易得，反应条件温和，操作简单。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明一种含侧链乙烯基的共聚物的制备方法进一步说明，但本发明并不限于所列的实例。
实施例1：
(1)室温下，将5份甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油醚、5份甲基丙烯酸甲酯和适量溶剂乙酸丁酯混合搅拌均匀后，取1/4混合单体和1.5wt％正十二硫醇加入反应釜中，调节机械搅拌转速为200r/min左右，并用氩气保护；
(2)温度升至78℃后，将剩余混合单体和0.4wt％偶氮二异丁腈混合物滴加至反应釜中。滴加完，保温继续反应1小时；
(3)将0.2wt％2,6-对二叔丁基对甲酚和1.0wt％N,N-二甲基乙醇胺加入反应釜，搅拌均匀后，滴加3份丙烯酸。滴加完，升温至95℃搅拌反应至酸值降至1.8mgKOH/g。停止反应，得侧链乙烯基的共聚物。
实施例2：
(1)室温下，将5份甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油醚、5份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、5份丙烯酸丁酯和适量溶剂乙酸丁酯混合搅拌均匀后，取1/4混合单体和1.5wt％正十二硫醇加入反应釜中，调节机械搅拌转速为200r/min左右，并用氩气保护；
(2)温度升至78℃后，将剩余混合单体和0.4wt％偶氮二异丁腈混合物滴加至反应釜中。滴加完，保温继续反应1.5小时；
(3)将0.2wt％2,6-对二叔丁基对甲酚和1.0wt％三苯基膦加入反应釜，搅拌均匀后，滴加3份丙烯酸-2-羧乙酯。滴加完，升温至95℃搅拌反应至酸值降至2.1mgKOH/g。停止反应，得侧链乙烯基的共聚物。
实施例3：
(1)室温下，将4份甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油醚、3份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、2份丙烯酸丁酯、12份丙烯酸异辛酯和1份四氢化糠基丙烯酸酯混合搅拌均匀后，取1/4混合单体和1.5wt％正十二硫醇加入反应釜中，调节机械搅拌转速为200r/min左右，并用氩气保护；
(2)温度升至78℃后，将剩余混合单体和0.4wt％偶氮二异丁腈混合物滴加至反应釜中。滴加完，保温继续反应2小时；
(3)将0.2wt％2,6-对二叔丁基对甲酚和1.0wt％N,N-二甲基乙醇胺加入反应釜，搅拌均匀后，滴加3份丙烯酸-2-羧乙酯。滴加完，升温至95℃搅拌反应至酸值降至1.5mgKOH/g。停止反应，得侧链乙烯基的共聚物。
Claims (2)
1.一种含侧链乙烯基的共聚物，其特征在于，包括如下原料：丙烯酸缩水甘油醚、烯类单体、丙烯羧酸化合物。所述的丙烯酸缩水甘油醚为丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油醚、4-羟基丁基丙烯酸酯缩水甘油醚中的至少一种；所述的烯类单体为丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、四氢化糠基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、N-乙烯吡咯烷酮等中的至少一种；所述的丙烯羧酸化合物为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸-2-羧乙酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-羧乙酯中的至少一种。所述的一种含侧链乙烯基的共聚物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)室温下，将丙烯酸缩水甘油醚和烯类单体混合搅拌均匀后，取1/4混合单体和链转移剂加入反应釜中，调节机械搅拌转速为150-400r/min左右，并用氩气保护；
(2)温度升至70-85℃后，将剩余混合单体和引发剂混合物滴加至反应釜中。滴加完，保温继续反应1-4小时；
(3)将阻聚剂和催化剂加入反应釜，搅拌均匀后，滴加丙烯羧酸化合物。滴加完，升温至85-95℃搅拌反应至酸值降至3mgKOH/g以下。停止反应，得侧链乙烯基的共聚物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含侧链乙烯基的共聚物，其特征在于：所述的阻聚剂为2,6-对二叔丁基对甲酚、对甲氧基苯酚中的至少一种，其用量为0.05-0.2wt％；所述的链转移剂为正十二硫醇、叔十二硫醇中的至少一种，其用量为0.5-3wt％；所述的引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈、过氧化二苯甲酰、4,4'-偶氮双(4-氰基戊酸)、偶氮二异庚腈中的至少一种，其用量为0.2-1.5wt％；所述的催化剂为N,N-二甲基乙醇胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、三乙胺、三乙醇胺、四甲基溴化铵中的至少一种，其用量为0.5-2wt％。
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