CN115521226A - 一种纳米多孔钌铁催化芳香硝基化合物和醛一锅法合成亚胺的方法 - Google Patents
一种纳米多孔钌铁催化芳香硝基化合物和醛一锅法合成亚胺的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C249/00—Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C249/02—Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton of compounds containing imino groups
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8906—Iron and noble metals
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
- B01J35/23—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a colloidal state
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/643—Pore diameter less than 2 nm
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
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- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/647—2-50 nm
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Abstract
本发明属于天然化合物和医药化工中间体及相关化学技术领域,公开了一种纳米多孔钌铁催化芳香硝基化合物和醛一锅法合成亚胺的方法。以芳香硝基化合物和醛为原料,纳米多孔钌铁为催化剂,氢气为氢源,选择性加氢制备亚胺。纳米多孔钌铁催化剂的孔径为1nm~50nm,芳香硝基化合物与催化剂摩尔比为1:0.04;氢气的压力为1MPa;硝基化合物在溶剂中的摩尔浓度为0.16mmol/mL。本发明选用廉价的硝基芳烃和醛作为原料,氢气做还原剂,并且采用一锅法合成亚胺,不需要中间产物的分离,避免了繁琐的分离纯化步骤。产物选择性高,操作和后处理简单,催化剂活性高、性质稳定、重现性好,且重复利用多次催化效果没有明显降低,为其实现工业化提供了可能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于天然化合物和医药化工中间体及相关化学技术领域,涉及一种纳米多孔钌铁催化芳香硝基化合物和醛一锅法合成亚胺的方法。
背景技术
亚胺广泛存在于天然产物和生物活性化合物中,亚胺及其衍生物是合成各种生物活性的杂环化合物、农业和医药化合物、精细化学品和材料的重要中间体。同时,亚胺具有较高的反应活性,可作为氮源在不同类型的反应中使用,因此在染料、香料、杀菌剂、药物和农药等方面有重要的应用。
亚胺合成方法包括醛/酮与胺缩合、胺氧化脱氢、醇与胺氧化偶联等。然而,这些方法需要使用昂贵的胺作为原料。其中醛/酮与胺缩合反应是最常用的方法。它原子利用率高,可以得到各种不对称亚胺,但该工艺需要路易斯酸催化剂、脱水剂、合适的pH值和活化的醛/酮,影响效率和经济。后续处理反应液中的酸、脱水剂等非常的繁琐。针对上述方法中存在的问题,对于原料的改进和配套催化剂的使用,显得尤其重要了。本发明创新的使用纳米多孔钌铁作催化剂,在不添加任何酸碱以及脱水剂的条件下,采用更经济的芳香硝基化合物和醛的一锅偶联转化制备亚胺,避免了繁琐的分离纯化步骤。一锅偶联反应是从简单易获得的原料开始的,不需要中间分离,而是直接通过多步反应得到复杂的有机分子。由于操作简单、成本效益高、对环境污染小,常用于有机合成。因此芳香硝基化合物与醛的还原偶联直接一锅法合成亚胺成为一种有吸引力的工艺。
纳米多孔钌铁材料是一种新型纳米结构催化剂,其由纳米尺度的孔道组成,具有极大的比表面积、优良的导电导热性以及无毒性能。可表现出与块状金属完全不同的物理化学性质,是催化领域的研究热点。纳米多孔钌铁(RuFeNPore)催化剂具有价格低廉、制备简单、催化活性高、化学选择性高、性质稳定、易于回收利用等优点。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种亚胺类化合物的制备方法,该方法选用廉价的芳香硝基化合物和醛作为原料,氢气做还原剂,并且采用一锅法合成亚胺,不需要中间产物的分离以及酸、脱水剂等的后续处理,避免了繁琐的分离纯化步骤。所选用催化剂具有活性高、性质稳定、价格低廉、化学选择性高等优点,循环使用8次仍未见催化活性明显降低。
本发明的技术方案:
一种亚胺类化合物的制备方法,以芳香硝基化合物和醛为原料,纳米多孔钌铁催化剂(RuFeNPore)为催化剂,氢气为氢源,在溶剂中选择性加氢制备相应亚胺,合成路线如下:
反应温度为80-100℃,反应时间为6-12h;
R1选自氢、烷基、卤素、苯氧基、甲氧基;
R2选自氢、烷基、卤素、苯氧基、甲氧基;
R3选自氢、烷基、卤素、苯氧基、甲氧基;
R4选自氢、烷基、卤素、苯氧基、甲氧基;
R1、R2、R3和R4相同或不同;
其中,纳米多孔钌铁催化剂的孔径为1nm~50nm之间,芳香硝基化合物与纳米多孔钌铁催化剂的摩尔比为1:0.04;
芳香硝基化合物和醛的摩尔比为1:2;
氢气的压力为1MPa;
芳香硝基化合物在溶剂中的摩尔浓度为0.16mmol/mL。
溶剂为三乙胺。
分离方法包括:重结晶、柱层析等。重结晶方法使用的溶剂如,乙醇、石油醚、甲醇、乙酸乙酯;用柱层析方法,使用中性氧化铝柱作为层析柱,展开剂一般为极性与非极性的的混合溶剂,如乙酸乙酯-石油醚、乙酸乙酯-正己烷。
本发明的有益效果是该反应采用一锅法,避免了中间产物的分离还有后续处理,简单高效,产物选择性高,操作和后处理简单,催化剂重现性好,且重复利用多次催化效果没有明显降低,为其实现工业化提供了可能。而商用的负载型钌碳(5% Ru/C)催化剂在相同的反应条件下,化学选择性较低,当芳香硝基化合物上含有卤素时,会发生脱卤反应,并且会出现亚胺过度还原的现象。
附图说明
图1是实施例1,N-(苯亚甲基)-4-氟苯胺的1H核磁谱图。
图2是实施例2,N-(苯亚甲基)-4-氯苯胺1H核磁谱图。
图3是实施例3,N-(苯亚甲基)-4-溴苯胺的1H核磁谱图。
图4是实施例4,N-(苯亚甲基)-4-碘苯胺1H核磁谱图。
图5是实施例5,N-(苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺的1H核磁谱图。
图6是实施例6,N-(苯亚甲基)-3-甲基苯胺的1H核磁谱图。
图7是实施例7,N-(4-甲基苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺的1H核磁谱图。
图8是实施例8,N-(4-氟苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺的1H核磁谱图。
图9是实施例9,N-(4-氯苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺的1H核磁谱图。
图10是实施例10,N-(4-溴苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺的1H核磁谱图。
图11是实施例11,N-(4-碘苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺的1H核磁谱图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和技术方案,进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
本发明所述的芳胺类化合物的制备方法,最高选择性和反应核磁收率分别达到99%和98%,选用催化剂催化反应重现性好,操作和后处理简单,且重复利用多次催化效果没有明显降低,为其工业化生产提供了有利条件。
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。在本领域内的技术人员对本发明所做的简单替换或改进均属于本发明所保护的技术方案之内。
实施例1:N-(苯亚甲基)-4-氟苯胺的合成
向加有RuFeNPore(1.8mg,4mol%)催化剂的三乙胺(3mL)溶剂中,加入底物4-氟硝基苯(70.55mg,0.5mmol)、苯甲醛(106mg,1mmol)、氢气(1MPa),置于磁力搅拌器上100℃下反应8h,柱层析(中性氧化铝,200–300目;展开剂,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1)得到N-(苯亚甲基)-4-氟苯胺,核磁收率94%。
白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.43(s,1H),7.91–7.86(m,2H),7.49–7.44(m,3H),7.22–7.16(m,2H),7.07(t,J=8.6Hz,2H).
实施例2:N-(苯亚甲基)-4-氯苯胺的合成
向加有RuFeNPore(1.8mg,4mol%)催化剂的三乙胺(3mL)溶剂中,加入底物4-氯硝基苯(78.7mg,0.5mmol)、苯甲醛(106mg,1mmol)、氢气(1MPa),置于磁力搅拌器上100℃下反应8h,柱层析(中性氧化铝,200–300目;展开剂,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1)得到N-(苯亚甲基)-4-氯苯胺,核磁收率95%。
白色固体;1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.42(s,1H),7.91–7.87(m,2H),7.51–7.45(m,3H),7.35(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.14(d,J=8.7Hz,2H).
实施例3:N-(苯亚甲基)-4-溴苯胺的合成
向加有RuFeNPore(1.8mg,4mol%)催化剂的三乙胺(3mL)溶剂中,加入底物4-溴硝基苯(101mg,0.5mmol)、苯甲醛(106mg,1mmol)、氢气(1MPa),置于磁力搅拌器上100℃下反应8h,柱层析(中性氧化铝,200–300目;展开剂,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1)得到N-(苯亚甲基)-4-溴苯胺,核磁收率93%。
白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.42(s,1H),7.89(m,2H),7.51–7.45(m,5H),7.08(d,J=8.6Hz,2H).
实施例4:N-(苯亚甲基)-4-碘苯胺的合成
向加有RuFeNPore(1.8mg,4mol%)催化剂的三乙胺(3mL)溶剂中,加入底物4-碘硝基苯(124.5mg,0.5mmol)、苯甲醛(106mg,1mmol)、氢气(1MPa),置于磁力搅拌器上100℃下反应8h,柱层析(中性氧化铝,200–300目;展开剂,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1)得到N-(苯亚甲基)-4-碘苯胺,核磁收率95%。
黄色固体;1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.40(s,1H),7.88(m,2H),7.69(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.50–7.43(m,3H),6.96(d,J=8.6Hz,2H).
实施例5:N-(苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺的合成
向加有RuFeNPore(1.8mg,4mol%)催化剂的三乙胺(3mL)溶剂中,加入底物4-甲基硝基苯(68.5mg,0.5mmol)、苯甲醛(106mg,1mmol)、氢气(1MPa),置于磁力搅拌器上100℃下反应8h,柱层析(中性氧化铝,200–300目;展开剂,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1)得到N-(苯亚甲基)-4-甲苯胺,核磁收率99%。
黄色油状物;1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.52(s,1H),7.97-7.89(m,2H),7.56–7.48(m,3H),7.26(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.20(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),2.43(s,3H).
实施例6:N-(苯亚甲基)-3-甲基苯胺的合成
向加有RuFeNPore(1.8mg,4mol%)催化剂的三乙胺(3mL)溶剂中,加入底物3-甲基硝基苯(68.5mg,0.5mmol)、苯甲醛(106mg,1mmol)、氢气(1MPa),置于磁力搅拌器上100℃下反应8h,柱层析(中性氧化铝,200–300目;展开剂,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1)得到N-(苯亚甲基)-3-甲基苯胺,核磁收率97%。
黄色油状物;1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.44(s,1H),7.91-7.87(m,2H),7.47-7.43(m,3H),7.27(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.09–6.98(m,3H),2.38(s,3H).
实施例7:N-(4-甲基苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺的合成
向加有RuFeNPore(1.8mg,4mol%)催化剂的三乙胺(3mL)溶剂中,加入底物4-甲基硝基苯(68.5mg,0.5mmol)、4-甲基苯甲醛(120mg,1mmol)、氢气(1MPa),置于磁力搅拌器上100℃下反应8h,柱层析(中性氧化铝,200–300目;展开剂,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1)得到N-(4-甲基苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺,核磁收率92%。
黄色固体;1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.40(s,1H),7.77(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.25(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.17(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.12(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),2.39(s,3H),2.35(s,3H).
实施例8:N-(4-氟苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺的合成
向加有RuFeNPore(1.8mg,4mol%)催化剂的三乙胺(3mL)溶剂中,加入底物4-甲基硝基苯(68.5mg,0.5mmol)、4-氟苯甲醛(124mg,1mmol)、氢气(1MPa),置于磁力搅拌器上100℃下反应8h,柱层析(中性氧化铝,200–300目;展开剂,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1)得到N-(4-氟苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺,核磁收率97%。
白色固体;1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.46(s,1H),7.93(dd,J=8.7,5.6Hz,2H),7.24(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.23–7.17(m,4H),2.42(s,3H).
实施例9:N-(4-氯苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺的合成
向加有RuFeNPore(1.8mg,4mol%)催化剂的三乙胺(3mL)溶剂中,加入底物4-甲基硝基苯(68.5mg,0.5mmol)、4-氯苯甲醛(140.5mg,1mmol)、氢气(1MPa),置于磁力搅拌器上100℃下反应8h,柱层析(中性氧化铝,200–300目;展开剂,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1)得到N-(4-氯苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺,产率96%。
橙色油状物:1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.45(s,1H),7.86(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.47(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.24(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.18(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),2.42(s,3H).
实施例10:N-(4-溴苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺的合成
向加有RuFeNPore(1.8mg,4mol%)催化剂的三乙胺(3mL)溶剂中,加入底物4-甲基硝基苯(68.5mg,0.5mmol)、4-溴苯甲醛(185mg,1mmol)、氢气(1MPa),置于磁力搅拌器上100℃下反应8h,柱层析(中性氧化铝,200–300目;展开剂,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1)得到N-(4-溴苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺,核磁收率94%。
白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.44(s,1H),7.79(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.63(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.23(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.17(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.41(s,3H).
实施例11:N-(4-碘苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺的合成
向加有RuFeNPore(1.8mg,4mol%)催化剂的三乙胺(3mL)溶剂中,加入底物4-甲基硝基苯(68.5mg,0.5mmol)、4-碘苯甲醛(232mg,1mmol)、氢气(1MPa),置于磁力搅拌器上100℃下反应8h,柱层析(中性氧化铝,200–300目;展开剂,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1)得到N-(4-碘苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺,核磁收率93%。
白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.41(s,1H),7.84(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.64(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.24(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.18(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),2.42(s,3H).
实施例12:N-(苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺的合成
向加有RuFeNPore(1.8mg,4mol%)催化剂的三乙胺(3mL)溶剂中,加入底物4-甲基硝基苯(68.5mg,0.5mmol)、苯甲醛(106mg,1mmol)、氢气(1MPa),置于磁力搅拌器上80℃下反应8h,柱层析(中性氧化铝,200–300目;展开剂,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1)得到N-(苯亚甲基)-4-甲苯胺,核磁收率97%。
黄色油状物;1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.52(s,1H),7.97-7.89(m,2H),7.56–7.48(m,3H),7.26(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.20(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),2.43(s,3H).
实施例13
向加有RuFeNPore(1.8mg,4mol%)催化剂的三乙胺(3mL)溶剂中,加入底物4-甲基硝基苯(68.5mg,0.5mmol)、苯甲醛(106mg,1mmol)、氢气(1MPa),置于磁力搅拌器上90℃下反应8h,柱层析(中性氧化铝,200–300目;展开剂,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1)得到N-(苯亚甲基)-4-甲苯胺,核磁收率99%。
黄色油状物;1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.52(s,1H),7.97-7.89(m,2H),7.56–7.48(m,3H),7.26(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.20(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),2.43(s,3H).
实施例14
向加有RuFeNPore(1.8mg,4mol%)催化剂的三乙胺(3mL)溶剂中,加入底物4-甲基硝基苯(68.5mg,0.5mmol)、苯甲醛(106mg,1mmol)、氢气(1MPa),置于磁力搅拌器上100℃下反应12h,柱层析(中性氧化铝,200–300目;展开剂,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1)得到N-(苯亚甲基)-4-甲苯胺,核磁收率99%。
黄色油状物;1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.52(s,1H),7.97-7.89(m,2H),7.56–7.48(m,3H),7.26(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.20(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),2.43(s,3H).对比例1:N-(苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺的合成
将实施例5中的催化剂替换为负载量5%的Ru/C(40.4mg,4mol%),其余条件不变。柱层析(中性氧化铝,200–300目;展开剂,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1)得到N-(苯亚甲基)-4-甲苯胺,N-(苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺的核磁收率为74%,另外苯甲醇收率高达38%,选择性差。
黄色油状物;1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.52(s,1H),7.97-7.89(m,2H),7.56–7.48(m,3H),7.26(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.20(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),2.43(s,3H).对比例2:N-(苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺的合成
将实施例5中的催化剂替换为FeNPore,其余条件不变。N-(苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺的核磁收率为0,表明没有反应活性。
对比例3:N-(苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺的合成
将实施例5中的催化剂替换为RuNPore,其余条件不变。N-(苯亚甲基)-4-甲基苯胺的核磁收率为57%,还有N-(苯甲基)-4-甲基苯胺产物的生成,有大量苯甲醛被还原成苯甲醇,选择性差。
对比例4:对氯苯胺的合成
向加有RuFeNPore(2.2mg,5mol%)催化剂的乙醇(3mL)溶剂中,对氯硝基苯(78.5mg,0.5mmol),氢气(1MPa),置于磁力搅拌器上50℃下反应16h。对氯苯胺的核磁收率达到99%。
分别用RuNPore和RuFeNPore催化对氯硝基苯加氢还原成对氯苯胺,RuNPore展现出过度还原的现象,会把对氯硝基苯还原成环己胺,出现脱卤现象,而RuFeNPore在50℃,氢气(1MPa),还原对氯硝基苯,对氯苯胺的核磁收率达到99%。
综上所述,RuFeNPore不仅适用于硝基还原的简单的体系,在硝基化合物和醛一锅法偶联生成亚胺的体系中也具有非常高的选择性和活性。当使用RuFeNPore作催化剂时,反应体系具有很高的化学选择性,不发生脱卤现象,并且只停留在亚胺产物阶段,没有发生过度还原的现象,从而得到相应的亚胺类化合物,其他基团都保留在原来的位置,未发生变化。然而在使用商用的负载量为5%的Ru/C在和实例5相同的条件下做催化剂时,催化4-甲基硝基苯(68.5mg,0.5mmol)和苯甲醛(106mg,1mmol)的反应时,会出现10%过度还原的产物N-苄基-4-甲基苯胺,另外还有16%的对甲苯胺生成,还有38%的苯甲醇生成,选择性是非常差的。RuNPore在硝基还原中表现出非常强的催化性能,但是选择性不好,FeNPore没有催化活动,但是RuFeNPore具有很好的活性和选择性,两种金属具有协同作用,在加氢还原过程中具有很好的活性,催化剂中加入Fe,一方面降低了贵金属的比例,使成本降低,另一方面降低了RuNPore的活性,使催化剂选择性提高,应用更为广泛。因此,RuFeNPore是一种具有稳定的催化性能,优良的选择性,回收方便,具有广阔应用前景的催化剂。
Claims (3)
1.一种纳米多孔钌铁催化芳香硝基化合物和醛一锅法合成亚胺的方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
以芳香硝基化合物和醛为原料,纳米多孔钌铁为催化剂,氢气为氢源,在溶剂中选择性加氢制备亚胺,合成路线如下:
反应温度为80-100℃,反应时间为6-12h;
R1选自氢、烷基、甲氧基、卤素、苯氧基;
R2选自氢、烷基、甲氧基、卤素;
R3选自氢、烷基、卤素;
R4选自氢、烷基、卤素;
R1、R2、R3和R4相同或不同;
其中,纳米多孔钌铁催化剂的孔径为1nm~50nm之间,芳香硝基化合物与纳米多孔钌铁催化剂的摩尔比为1:0.04;
芳香硝基化合物和醛的摩尔比为1:2;
氢气的压力为1MPa;
芳香硝基化合物在溶剂中的摩尔浓度为0.16mmol/mL。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的纳米多孔铂铁催化剂是由Fe-Ru-Al合金经过化学腐蚀脱合金而得到;所述的纳米多孔钌铁催化剂中的Ru、Fe和Al原子比为15:5:80,10:10:80或5:15:80。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的溶剂为三乙胺。
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