CN115520907A - 一种具有活性基团的超小铁氧体纳米颗粒及其制备与应用 - Google Patents
一种具有活性基团的超小铁氧体纳米颗粒及其制备与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115520907A CN115520907A CN202210389692.8A CN202210389692A CN115520907A CN 115520907 A CN115520907 A CN 115520907A CN 202210389692 A CN202210389692 A CN 202210389692A CN 115520907 A CN115520907 A CN 115520907A
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
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- B82Y15/00—Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
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- B82Y25/00—Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
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- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
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- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
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- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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Abstract
本发明提供一种具有活性基团的超小铁氧体纳米颗粒及其制备方法,它采用一步高温热分解法,以多元醇为还原剂及溶剂,在惰性气体氛围中,将金属前驱物及提供活性基团的化合物在高温下反应,然后将极性溶剂加入,得到具有活性基团的超小铁氧体纳米颗粒;本发明的制备方法工艺简单、可控,制备周期短,避免了表面修饰繁琐步骤,适合扩大生产;所制备的铁氧体纳米颗粒的尺寸<6nm,具有单分散性,水相分散性好,具有各种活性位点,赋予铁氧体纳米颗粒进一步功能化修饰的潜力,因而在功能高分子材料和生物医用材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医学材料技术领域,特别涉及一种一种具有活性基团的超小铁氧体纳米颗粒及其制备与应用。
背景技术
近年来,超小铁氧体纳米颗粒因其准顺磁性(ACS Nano 2017,11,3614-3631;NanoLett.2021,21,1115-1123)可加速纵向弛豫速率,且具有良好的化学稳定性,可作为磁共振成像(MRI)T1造影剂。超小铁氧体纳米颗粒的T1弛豫性能取决于其是否具有单分散性以及分散在水溶液中的稳定性,因此制备单分散性的且稳定分散于水溶液的超小铁氧体纳米颗粒至关重要。而且,超小铁氧体纳米颗粒还应根据应用需求而具备更多的功能性,以满足生物医学领域发展对材料的要求。例如,用于T1 MR影像疾病诊断,超小铁氧体纳米颗粒应具备良好的组织相容性、血液相容性、低蛋白吸附和血小板黏附等性能;用于T1 MR影像示踪,超小铁氧体纳米颗粒需要具有长循环、靶向、细胞内在化等性能。这些多功能性的实现往往需要利用一定的化学手段对纳米颗粒的本体或表面进行功能化修饰。
以往用共沉淀法合成超小铁氧体纳米颗粒,可分散在水溶液中,但颗粒尺寸形貌不均一,且容易团聚,磁学性质不稳定。利用高温热分解法可制备具有单分散性的高质量(即高结晶度、高磁化值和高纯相)超小铁氧体纳米颗粒(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2011,133,12624;CN 103153348 B;Adv.Funct.Mater.2012,22,2387),但制备的颗粒均是疏水的,缺乏活性反应位点,难以进行改性或引入功能基团,需要进一步对颗粒进行表面修饰和优化,以用于生物医学中。该过程通常比较复杂、繁琐且耗时,而且修饰的聚合物易从颗粒表面解离,导致纳米颗粒团聚。另外,在修饰和优化过程中不可避免使用有毒溶剂可能会在一定程度上降低纳米颗粒的生物相容性。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点,本发明的目的在于提供一种具有活性基团的超小铁氧体纳米颗粒及其制备与应用,以期解决现有技术中超小铁氧体纳米颗粒缺乏活性反应位点导致的难以改性或引入功能基团的问题,并使得其尺寸形貌均一,避免团聚,同时还具有稳定的磁学性质。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种具有活性基团的超小铁氧体纳米颗粒,所述活性基团与所述铁氧体纳米颗粒以共价键形式结合在一起,颗粒粒径<6nm。
在一个实施例中,所述铁氧体纳米颗粒为MFe2O4,其中M为Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mg和Ca中的一种;所述活性基团为酯基、叠氮基、羧基、炔基、烯基、卤代烃基、亚硫基、叔胺基和异氰酸酯基中的至少一种。
在一个实施例中,所述活性基团与铁氧体纳米颗粒的摩尔量比1:1-300:1。
本发明还提供了所述具有活性基团的超小铁氧体纳米颗粒的制备方法,采用一步高温热分解法,以多元醇为还原剂及溶剂,在惰性气体氛围中,将金属前驱物及提供活性基团的化合物在高温下反应,然后将极性溶剂加入,得到具有活性基团的超小铁氧体纳米颗粒。
在一个实施例中,所述金属前驱物在反应溶剂中的浓度为0.01-1M;所述金属前驱物与提供活性基团的化合物的摩尔比为0:100-100:0,且端值不可取0;所述高温下反应的温度范围为180-300℃,反应时间为0.5-4h。
在一个实施例中,所述金属前驱体包括含Fe前驱物和金属M前驱物,其中M为Co、Ni、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mg和Ca中的至少一种;所述提供活性基团的化合物为聚乙二醇类衍生物、脂质体类衍生物、多巴胺、3,4-二羟基苯基丙酸、右旋糖酐、葡聚糖、葡聚糖羧甲醚、透明质酸、壳聚糖、聚乳酸和聚丙烯酸中的至少一种,任何一种化合物具有活性基团。
在一个实施例中,所述含Fe前驱物为含Fe有机配合物和含Fe碳酸盐中的至少一种;所述金属M前驱物为金属有机配合物、金属碳酸盐和金属盐溶液中的至少一种。
在一个实施例中,所述含Fe有机配合物为乙酰丙酮铁Fe(acac)3、油酸铁Fe(OA)3、五羰基合铁Fe(CO)5和亚硝基羟基苯胺合铁FeCup3中的至少一种;所述含Fe碳酸盐为FeCO3;所述金属有机配合物为Mn(acac)2、Co2(CO)8、Co(acac)2、Ni(OOCCH3)2、Ni(acac)2、油酸稀土配合物和乙酰丙酮稀土配合物中的至少一种;所述金属碳酸盐为碳酸铁、碳酸锌、碳酸亚铁、碳酸锰、碳酸钴、碳酸镍、碳酸镁和碳酸铜中的至少一种;所述金属盐溶液为氯化锰、氯化钆、氯化铜、氯化镍、氯化钴、氯化镁、硝酸钆和硝酸镁中的至少一种。
在一个实施例中,所述多元醇为二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇和聚乙二醇中的至少一种;所述极性溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、丙酮和乙酸乙酯的至少一种。
本发明所述具有活性基团超小铁氧体纳米颗粒可用于磁共振成像、细胞长期跟踪或磁纳米颗粒成像等技术领域。
与现有技术相比,本发明的制备方法工艺简单、可控,制备周期短,避免了表面修饰繁琐步骤,适合扩大生产;所制备的铁氧体纳米颗粒的尺寸<6nm,具有单分散性,水相分散性好,可引起周围水分子中质子H的纵向弛豫速率发生改变,作为T1磁共振成像造影剂及生物医学示踪剂;具有各种活性位点,使铁氧体纳米颗粒进一步功能化修饰,活性基团赋予超小铁氧体纳米颗粒在体良好的组织相容性、血液相容性,低的蛋白吸附、血小板黏附,长循环,精准靶向,高细胞内在化等功能,根据在体应用需求具备功能性,满足生物医学领域发展对超小铁氧体纳米颗粒的要求。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述具有活性基团的超小铁氧体纳米颗粒及其制备方法的示意图。
图2为本发明实施例1的羧基化的超小氧化铁纳米颗粒透射电镜图。
图3为本发明实施例2的氨基化的超小氧化铁纳米颗粒透射电镜图。
图4为本发明实施例1制备的羧基化的超小氧化铁纳米颗粒和实施例2制备的氨基化的超小氧化铁纳米颗粒进行MRI测试的1/T1-[Fe]浓度的曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例详细说明本发明的实施方式。
本发明提供了一种具有活性基团的超小铁氧体纳米颗粒,颗粒粒径<6nm,活性基团与所述铁氧体纳米颗粒以共价键形式结合在一起。其具有单分散性,水相分散性好,具有各种活性位点,赋予铁氧体纳米颗粒进一步功能化修饰的潜力,在功能高分子材料和生物医用材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。
在本发明中,铁氧体纳米颗粒的表达式为MFe2O4,其中M可以为Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mg和Ca中的任意一种。根据需求、成本因素等综合确定。
在本发明中,活性基团可以为酯基、叠氮基、羧基、炔基、烯基、卤代烃基、亚硫基、叔胺基和异氰酸酯基中的至少一种。根据需求、成本因素等综合确定。
在本发明中,活性基团与铁氧体纳米颗粒的摩尔量比一般选择1:1-300:1。
本发明具有活性基团的超小铁氧体纳米颗粒的制备方法与原理和参考图1所示,利用金属前驱物、多元醇和提供活性基团R的化合物,采用一步高温热分解法制备得到。其中,多元醇为还原剂及溶剂,反应环境为惰性气体氛围,并可加入一定量的极性溶剂。该方法在高温下能够有效控制颗粒生长并防止颗粒间的聚集,且不需要还原剂和表面活性剂,可获得分散性良好的、稳定的具有活性基团的超小铁氧体纳米颗粒。此外,反应是在生物友好的多元醇溶剂中进行的,减少了有机合成过程中降低超小铁氧体纳米颗粒生物相容性的可能。
其中,金属前驱物在反应溶剂中的浓度范围可取0.01-1M;金属前驱物与提供活性基团R的化合物的摩尔比可取0:100-100:0,显然,其端值不可取0;本发明高温下反应的温度范围为180-300℃,反应时间则一般为0.5-4h。
本发明中,金属前驱体包括含Fe前驱物和金属M前驱物,其中M为Co、Ni、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mg和Ca中的至少一种。其中,含Fe前驱物为含Fe有机配合物和含Fe碳酸盐中的至少一种;金属M前驱物为金属有机配合物、金属碳酸盐和金属盐溶液中的至少一种。示例地,含Fe有机配合物可以为乙酰丙酮铁Fe(acac)3、油酸铁Fe(OA)3、五羰基合铁Fe(CO)5和亚硝基羟基苯胺合铁FeCup3等物质中的至少一种;含Fe碳酸盐为FeCO3;金属有机配合物可以为Mn(acac)2、Co2(CO)8、Co(acac)2、Ni(OOCCH3)2、Ni(acac)2、油酸稀土配合物和乙酰丙酮稀土配合物等物质中的至少一种;金属碳酸盐可以为碳酸铁、碳酸锌、碳酸亚铁、碳酸锰、碳酸钴、碳酸镍、碳酸镁和碳酸铜等物质中的至少一种;金属盐溶液可以为氯化锰、氯化钆、氯化铜、氯化镍、氯化钴、氯化镁、硝酸钆和硝酸镁等物质中的至少一种。
本发明中,提供活性基团的化合物可以为聚乙二醇类衍生物、脂质体类衍生物、多巴胺、3,4-二羟基苯基丙酸、右旋糖酐、葡聚糖、葡聚糖羧甲醚、透明质酸、壳聚糖、聚乳酸和聚丙烯酸等物质中的至少一种,任何一种化合物具有活性基团。
本发明中,多元醇可以为二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇和聚乙二醇等物质中的至少一种;极性溶剂可以为甲醇、乙醇、丙酮和乙酸乙酯等物质中的至少一种。
本发明通过活性基团赋予超小铁氧体纳米颗粒在体良好的组织相容性和血液相容性,以及低的蛋白吸附、血小板黏附性能,长循环,精准靶向,高细胞内在化等功能,根据在体应用需求具备功能性,满足生物医学领域发展对超小铁氧体纳米颗粒的要求。
因此,其可用于磁共振成像、细胞长期跟踪或磁纳米颗粒成像等领域,具体地,超小铁氧体纳米颗粒引起周围水分子中质子H的纵向弛豫速率发生改变,可作为T1磁共振成像造影剂、生物医学示踪剂等。
以下为本发明的两个具体实施例。
实施例1
1)首先,称取0.5g Fe(acac)3,量取20mL三甘醇,称取0.2g羧酸官能化的聚乙二醇,混合后超声使其充分溶解,再将反应液加入50mL三口烧瓶内,开启磁力搅拌使反应体系保持均匀,加上温度探头,确保以5℃/min匀速升温至120℃,然后在此温度下继续反应保1h,排水。同时,反应应当在氩气的保护下进行,以避免任何不希望发生的副反应;
2)然后,快速加热到250℃反应2h,至溶液呈澄清透亮黑褐色。反应结束后停止加热,移除加热装置,待反应溶液冷却至室温。
3)将得到的黑色上清液用吸管吸取到离心管中,在上清中加入20mL乙酸乙酯,10000rpm离心10分钟,得到黑色沉淀物,就是合成的羧基化的氧化铁纳米颗粒。
4)将沉淀用体积比为1:2的乙醇和乙酸乙酯混合物洗涤,10000rpm离心10分钟,重复3次后,得到最终产物。将一半分散于去离子水中,得到稳定的水相羧基化的氧化铁纳米颗粒。另一半颗粒放入50mL离心管中,将烘箱温度设置为(40℃),样品烘干过夜,用于表征。
取2μL分散有纳米颗粒的水溶液滴在镀有碳膜的Cu网上,自然干燥后做表征。图2为透射电镜图,从图2中可以看出,羧基化的氧化铁纳米颗粒大小形貌均一,具有单分散性,尺寸在4.8nm左右。
实施例2
1)首先,称取0.5g Fe(acac)3,量取20mL聚乙二醇,称取0.4g氨基聚乙二醇多巴胺,混合后超声使其充分溶解,再将反应液加入50mL三口烧瓶内,开启磁力搅拌使反应体系保持均匀,加上温度探头,确保以5℃/min匀速升温至120℃,然后在此温度下继续反应保1h,排水。同时,反应应当在氩气的保护下进行,以避免任何不希望发生的副反应;
2)然后,快速加热到220℃反应2h,至溶液呈澄清透亮黑褐色。反应结束后停止加热,移除加热装置,待反应溶液冷却至室温。
3)将得到的黑色上清液用吸管吸取到离心管中,在上清中加入20mL乙酸乙酯,10000rpm离心10分钟,得到黑色沉淀物,就是合成的氨基化的氧化铁纳米颗粒。
4)将沉淀用体积比为1:2的乙醇和乙酸乙酯混合物洗涤,10000rpm离心10分钟,重复3次后,得到最终产物。将一半分散于去离子水中,得到稳定的水相氨基化的氧化铁纳米颗粒悬浮液。另一半颗粒放入50mL离心管中,将烘箱温度设置为(40℃),样品烘干过夜,用于表征。
取2μL分散有纳米颗粒的水溶液滴在镀有碳膜的Cu网上,自然干燥后做表征。图3为透射电镜图,从图3中可以看出,氨基化的氧化铁纳米颗粒大小形貌均一,具有单分散性,尺寸在5.2nm左右。
图4为本发明实施例1制备的羧基化的超小氧化铁纳米颗粒和实施例2制备的氨基化的超小氧化铁纳米颗粒进行MRI测试的1/T1-[Fe]浓度的曲线图。由图计算得,羧基化和氨基化的超小氧化铁纳米颗粒进行MRI测试的r1值分别为5.11和4.97mM-1s-1。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有活性基团的超小铁氧体纳米颗粒,其特征在于,所述活性基团与所述铁氧体纳米颗粒以共价键形式结合在一起,颗粒粒径<6nm。
2.根据权利要求1所述具有活性基团的超小铁氧体纳米颗粒,其特征在于,所述铁氧体纳米颗粒为MFe2O4,其中M为Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mg和Ca中的一种;所述活性基团为酯基、叠氮基、羧基、炔基、烯基、卤代烃基、亚硫基、叔胺基和异氰酸酯基中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述具有活性基团的超小铁氧体纳米颗粒,其特征在于,所述活性基团与铁氧体纳米颗粒的摩尔量比1:1-300:1。
4.权利要求1所述具有活性基团的超小铁氧体纳米颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,采用一步高温热分解法,以多元醇为还原剂及溶剂,在惰性气体氛围中,将金属前驱物及提供活性基团的化合物在高温下反应,然后将极性溶剂加入,得到具有活性基团的超小铁氧体纳米颗粒。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述金属前驱物在反应溶剂中的浓度为0.01-1M;所述金属前驱物与提供活性基团的化合物的摩尔比为0:100-100:0,且端值不可取0;所述高温下反应的温度范围为180-300℃,反应时间为0.5-4h。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述金属前驱体包括含Fe前驱物和金属M前驱物,其中M为Co、Ni、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mg和Ca中的至少一种;所述提供活性基团的化合物为聚乙二醇类衍生物、脂质体类衍生物、多巴胺、3,4-二羟基苯基丙酸、右旋糖酐、葡聚糖、葡聚糖羧甲醚、透明质酸、壳聚糖、聚乳酸和聚丙烯酸中的至少一种,任何一种化合物具有活性基团。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含Fe前驱物为含Fe有机配合物和含Fe碳酸盐中的至少一种;所述金属M前驱物为金属有机配合物、金属碳酸盐和金属盐溶液中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含Fe有机配合物为乙酰丙酮铁Fe(acac)3、油酸铁Fe(OA)3、五羰基合铁Fe(CO)5和亚硝基羟基苯胺合铁FeCup3中的至少一种;所述含Fe碳酸盐为FeCO3;所述金属有机配合物为Mn(acac)2、Co2(CO)8、Co(acac)2、Ni(OOCCH3)2、Ni(acac)2、油酸稀土配合物和乙酰丙酮稀土配合物中的至少一种;所述金属碳酸盐为碳酸铁、碳酸锌、碳酸亚铁、碳酸锰、碳酸钴、碳酸镍、碳酸镁和碳酸铜中的至少一种;所述金属盐溶液为氯化锰、氯化钆、氯化铜、氯化镍、氯化钴、氯化镁、硝酸钆和硝酸镁中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述多元醇为二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇和聚乙二醇中的至少一种;所述极性溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、丙酮和乙酸乙酯的至少一种。
10.权利要求1所述具有活性基团超小铁氧体纳米颗粒用于磁共振成像、细胞长期跟踪或磁纳米颗粒成像的应用。
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