CN115519994A - 具有机械简单结构的紧凑式混合式变速器 - Google Patents

具有机械简单结构的紧凑式混合式变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115519994A
CN115519994A CN202210170271.6A CN202210170271A CN115519994A CN 115519994 A CN115519994 A CN 115519994A CN 202210170271 A CN202210170271 A CN 202210170271A CN 115519994 A CN115519994 A CN 115519994A
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China
Prior art keywords
transmission
gear
motor vehicle
gear set
shifting element
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Pending
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CN202210170271.6A
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English (en)
Inventor
F·库特尔
M·布雷默
M·霍恩
O·拜耳
J·卡尔滕巴赫
T·马丁
M·维克斯
T·克罗
M·巴赫曼
P·齐默尔
J·帕夫拉克维奇
I·普凡库亨
S·贝克
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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Publication of CN115519994A publication Critical patent/CN115519994A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H2003/0803—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with countershafts coaxial with input or output shaft
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    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H2003/0811—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts using unsynchronised clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F16H2003/0931—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts each countershaft having an output gear meshing with a single common gear on the output shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的机动车动力传动系的混合式变速器，其具有：用于将混合式变速器与内燃机作用连接的第一变速器输入轴；用于将混合式变速器与电驱动机器作用连接的第二变速器输入轴；第一子变速器和第二子变速器；行星齿轮组，其具有三个行星齿轮组元件；第一副轴；布置在多个齿轮组平面中的活动齿轮和固定齿轮，以形成挡位级；以及多个挡位切换装置，其具有用于挂入挡位级的换挡元件；所述行星齿轮组：与第二变速器输入轴以有效驱动的方式连接；借助中间轴与第二子变速器以有效驱动的方式连接；能被固定或能与第一变速器输入轴连接。本发明还涉及一种机动车动力传动系、机动车以及用于运行这种机动车动力传动系的方法。

Description

具有机械简单结构的紧凑式混合式变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合式变速器、一种具有这种混合式变速器的机动车动力传动系、一种具有这种机动车动力传动系的机动车以及一种用于运行这种机动车动力传动系的方法。
背景技术
车辆越来越多地配备有混合驱动装置，即配备有至少两个不同的驱动源。混合驱动装置可以有助于减少燃料消耗和有害物质排放。在很大程度上，具有内燃机和一个或多个电动机的动力传动系被普遍接受为并联混合动力或混合式混合动力。这种混合驱动装置在动力流中具有内燃机和电驱动装置的基本上并行的布置结构。在此，不仅能够实现驱动力矩的叠加而且能够实现利用纯内燃机驱动或纯电动机驱动的操控。因为电驱动装置和内燃机的驱动力矩根据操控可以相加，所以可以实现内燃机的相对较小的设计和/或其暂时的切断。由此，能够实现显著降低CO2排放，而没有明显的功率或舒适性损失。因此，电驱动装置的可能性和优点可以与内燃机的续驶里程优点、功率优点和成本优点相关联。
上述混合驱动装置的缺点在于总体更复杂的结构，因为两个驱动源优选利用仅一个变速器将驱动功率传递到驱动轴上。由此，这种变速器大多是复杂的并且在生产中成本高。降低混合式变速器的结构复杂性通常伴随着变化性的损失。
这种缺点可以至少部分借助专用的混合式变速器或“专用混合式变速器”(DHT)来克服，其中电机被集成到变速器中，以便描述完整的功能范围。例如，在变速器中尤其是可以简化机械的变速器部件，例如通过取消倒挡，其中，取而代之使用至少一个电机。
专用的混合式变速器可以由已知的变速器方案得知，即由双离合器变速器、变矩器-行星齿轮变速器、无级变速器(CVT)或自动换挡变速器得知。电机在此成为变速器的一部分。
公开文献DE102013215114A1涉及一种机动车的混合驱动装置，该混合驱动装置具有带有驱动轴的内燃机、能作为电动机并且作为发电机运行的带有转子的电机、以副轴结构方式实施的带有输入轴和至少一个输出轴的自动换挡变速器以及以行星齿轮结构方式构造的带有两个输入元件和一个输出元件的叠加变速器。在所述混合驱动装置中规定，所述叠加变速器同轴地布置在输出轴的自由端部上，并且叠加变速器的第一输入元件抗扭转地与同轴地布置在输出轴上的空心轴连接，为了联接内燃机，空心轴能够经由联接换挡元件抗扭转地与换挡变速器的直接轴向相邻的正齿轮级的活动齿轮连接，以及为了跨接叠加变速器而能够经由跨接换挡元件抗扭转地与叠加变速器的第二输入元件或输出元件连接，叠加变速器的第二输入元件持久地与电机的转子处于驱动连接中，并且叠加变速器的输出元件抗扭转地与输出轴连接。
发明内容
在这种背景下，本领域技术人员的任务是提供一种紧凑的机械上简单构造的混合式变速器。尤其是要实现一种混合式变速器，其具有足够多的挡位数量用于由内燃机驱动的行驶运行并且具有至少两个高传递效率的挡位用于由电动机驱动的行驶运行。
所述任务通过一种用于机动车的机动车动力传动系的混合式变速器来解决，该混合式变速器具有：
用于将混合式变速器与机动车的内燃机作用连接的第一变速器输入轴；
用于将混合式变速器与机动车的电驱动机器作用连接的第二变速器输入轴；
第一子变速器和第二子变速器；
行星齿轮组，该行星齿轮组具有三个行星齿轮组元件；
第一副轴；
布置在多个齿轮组平面中的活动齿轮和固定齿轮，以便形成挡位级；以及
多个挡位切换装置，所述挡位切换装置具有用于挂入所述挡位级的换挡元件；其中，
所述行星齿轮组：与所述第二变速器输入轴以有效驱动的方式连接，借助中间轴与第二子变速器以有效驱动的方式连接并且能被固定或能与第一变速器输入轴连接。
上述任务还通过一种用于机动车的机动车动力传动系来解决，该机动车动力传动系具有：
如之前所限定的混合式变速器；
内燃机，该内燃机能与第一变速器输入轴连接；以及
电驱动机器，该电驱动机器与第二变速器输入轴以有效驱动的方式连接。
此外，上述任务由一种用于运行如之前所限定的机动车动力传动系的方法来解决。
最后，上述任务由一种机动车来解决，该机动车具有如之前所限定的机动车动力传动系和用于存储能量以便为电驱动机器供电的蓄能器。
本发明的优选的设计方案在从属权利要求中描述。可以理解的是，以上提到的这些特征以及仍将在以下阐述的特征不仅能够以分别给出的组合方式使用，而且还能够以其他组合方式或者单独使用，而不脱离本发明的范围。尤其是，所述机动车动力传动系、所述机动车以及所述方法可以根据针对混合式变速器在从属权利要求中所描述的设计方案来实施。
通过用于将混合式变速器与内燃机作用连接的第一变速器输入轴和用于将混合式变速器与电驱动机器作用连接的第二变速器输入轴可以提供一种紧凑的且可变的混合式变速器。作用连接不仅可以可切换地而且也可以不可切换地实施。通过第一子变速器和第二子变速器可以实现机械上简单构造的混合式变速器，利用该混合式变速器可以实现所述两个驱动机器的高的可组合性。借助行星齿轮组可以设计一种用于起动的高效的EDA模式，其中，优选不需要摩擦离合器来起动。通过行星齿轮组的可固定性可以实现另一个电动挡位级。此外，可以设计两个在空挡中充电的模式，其中所述两个驱动机器彼此具有不同的转速比。
在一个有利的设计方案中，所述第一变速器输入轴在输入侧构造成无内燃机离合器的。补充地，在一个齿轮组平面中布置有换向齿轮，以便建立机械的倒车挡位。通过机械的倒车挡位也可以将EDA模式用于倒车起动。通过无内燃机离合器地设计的变速器输入轴可以实现技术上简单且高效的混合式变速器。尤其是结合允许电动力学起动的行星齿轮组，可以实现舒适且紧凑的混合式变速器，其提供简单的机械结构和简单的操控。
在另一个有利的设计方案中，所述行星齿轮组的太阳轮能被固定或者能与第一变速器输入轴连接。补充地，行星齿轮组的行星齿轮架与中间轴以有效驱动的方式连接。此外补充地，行星齿轮组的齿圈与第二变速器输入轴以有效驱动的方式连接。通过所述行星齿轮组的这种有利的连接，电驱动机器可以在电动力学起动时或在电动力学换挡时以很小的补偿转速运行。
在另一个有利的设计方案中，所述行星齿轮组能通过挂入两个换挡元件而被闭锁。由此，可以建立在空挡中充电模式(Laden-in-Neutral-Modus)，其中内燃机以固定的转速比相对于电驱动机器旋转并且与该电驱动机器以有效驱动的方式连接。尤其是可以实现电驱动机器与内燃机一样快地旋转。
在另一个有利的设计方案中，所述换挡元件的固定换挡元件构造用于固定所述行星齿轮组。由此，可以通过行星齿轮组实现预变速比，该预变速比尤其是可以实现另一个电动挡位级以及另一个在空挡中充电的模式。
在另一个有利的设计方案中，第一换挡元件、优选第二换挡元件、第三换挡元件和第四换挡元件构造用于分别以有效驱动的方式切换齿轮对。补充地或替代地，第五换挡元件构造用于将行星齿轮组、尤其是行星齿轮组的太阳轮与第一变速器输入轴以有效驱动的方式连接。进一步补充地或替代地，连接换挡元件构造用于将第一变速器输入轴与中间轴以有效驱动的方式连接。进一步补充地或替代地，倒挡换挡元件构造用于以有效驱动的方式切换包括换向齿轮的齿轮三重组(Zahnradtriplett)。通过所述换挡元件的这种有利的连接可以提供功能范围广的混合式变速器，其中，为了建立各切换状态分别仅需闭合唯一的或两个换挡元件。尤其是可以建立高效的由内燃机驱动的运行模式，因为为了切换至少两个内燃机挡位级分别仅需闭合唯一的换挡元件。
在另一个有利的设计方案中，所述混合式变速器具有第二副轴。补充地，所述第一子变速器的齿轮和优选第二子变速器的齿轮分别与第一副轴上的齿轮和第二副轴上的齿轮啮合。进一步补充地，所述活动齿轮和固定齿轮为了形成挡位级而布置在恰好三个齿轮组平面中。通过第二副轴，混合式变速器可以沿轴向紧凑地实施。尤其是通过两个副轴可以实现所谓的双齿轮平面，其中输入轴上的齿轮分别与第一副轴上的齿轮和第二副轴上的齿轮啮合。由此，可以节省用于该混合式变速器的构件以及重量。通过将活动齿轮和固定齿轮为了形成挡位级而布置在恰好三个齿轮组平面中可以实现在轴向上短的但功能范围广的混合式变速器。
在另一个有利的设计方案中，从动装置包括与形成挡位的齿轮啮合的差动齿轮。尤其是，该差动齿轮与形成挡位的齿轮布置在一个齿轮组平面中。由此，可以进一步节省用于混合式变速器的重量。此外，可以降低用于混合式变速器的轴向的结构空间需求。
在另一个有利的设计方案中，所述换挡元件构造成形锁合的换挡元件。补充地或替代地，所述换挡元件中的至少两个换挡元件、尤其是所有换挡元件构造成双换挡元件并且能够由双作用的执行器来操纵。由此，可以提供一种高效的且成本有利的混合式变速器。双换挡元件能够实现用较少的构件构造混合式变速器，因为为了操纵双换挡元件仅须使用一个执行器。对变速器的操控得到简化。变速器紧凑地构造。可以理解的是，为了同步所述换挡元件，不仅可以使用电驱动机器而且可以使用内燃机。
在另一个有利的设计方案中，所述电驱动机器构造成同轴机器。补充地，所述行星齿轮组和/或至少一个换挡元件至少在部分区段上沿轴向和/或径向布置在电驱动机器的内部。由此，可以实现高效的并且尤其是轴向紧凑地构造的动力传动系。可供使用的结构空间可以有利地得到充分利用。
在另一个有利的设计方案中，所述电驱动机器能独立于内燃机与混合式变速器的从动装置连接。由此，当对于内燃机实施切换时，电驱动机器可以有利地维持牵引力。
在另一个有利的设计方案中，所述电驱动机器可作为起动器发电机来操控，以便起动内燃机。补充地或替代地，所述电驱动机器可作为充电发电机来操控，用于给蓄能器充电。由此，该机动车动力传动系能够高效地运行。燃料消耗可以减少。优选地，可以放弃用于内燃机的附加的起动器。
行星齿轮组的元件的固定尤其是理解为阻止该元件围绕其旋转轴线旋转。优选地，所述元件在此借助换挡元件抗扭转地与静止的构件、如框架和/或变速器壳体连接。也可设想，将所述元件制动直至停止状态。
行星齿轮组的闭锁包括以有效驱动的方式连接行星齿轮组的两个齿轮和/或行星齿轮架和一个齿轮，使得它们共同地以相同的转速围绕同一个点、优选围绕行星齿轮组的中心点旋转。在闭锁行星齿轮组的两个齿轮和/或行星齿轮架和一个齿轮时，行星齿轮组优选如轴那样作用，在该行星齿轮组中尤其是不发生传动比转换。
“以有效驱动的方式连接”在本上下文中尤其是应当理解为在两个构件之间的不可切换的连接，该连接被设置用于持久地传递转速、转矩和/或驱动功率。在此，该连接可以直接或通过固定传动比实现。该连接例如可以通过固定的轴、齿部、尤其是正齿轮齿部和/或缠绕传动机构、尤其是牵引机构传动装置来实现。
“以有效驱动的方式能(可)连接”、“能(可以)以有效驱动的方式连接”或者“构造用于以有效驱动的方式连接”在本上下文中尤其是应当理解为在两个构件之间的可切换的连接，该连接在闭合的状态中设置用于暂时传递转速、转矩和/或驱动功率。在打开的状态中，该可切换的连接优选暂时基本上不传递转速、转矩和/或驱动功率。
停歇充电或在空挡中充电尤其是可理解为电驱动机器作为发电机的运行，优选在停歇运转时借助运行的内燃机，以便填充蓄能器和/或为车载电子装置馈电。
执行器在当前情况中尤其是将电信号转换成机械运动的构件。优选地，与双换挡元件一起使用的执行器在两个相反的方向上实施运动，以便在第一方向上切换双换挡元件的一个换挡元件并且在第二方向上切换另一个换挡元件。
挡位级变换尤其是通过断开换挡元件和/或离合器并且同时接通用于高一级的或低一级的挡位级的换挡元件和/或离合器来进行。因此，所述第二换挡元件和/或第二离合器一点一点地从第一换挡元件和/或第一离合器承担转矩，直至在挡位级变换结束时整个转矩被第二换挡元件和/或第二离合器承担。在先前的同步中，挡位变换可以更快地进行，优选可以在此使用形锁合的换挡元件。
内燃机尤其可以是能够通过燃烧诸如汽油、柴油、煤油、乙醇、液化气、汽车燃气等的推进剂来产生旋转运动的任何机器。内燃机例如可以是汽油发动机、柴油发动机、汪克尔发动机或二冲程发动机。
在串联行驶或爬行时，机动车的电驱动机器由机动车的内燃机以发电机方式运行。这样产生的能量然后被提供给机动车的另一个电驱动机器，以便提供驱动功率。
电动的车辆车桥或简称电动车桥优选是机动车的非主驱动桥，其中借助电驱动机器可以将驱动功率传递到机动车的车轮上。可以理解的是，电驱动机器也可以借助变速器来连接。当在用于主驱动桥的变速器中进行挡位变换时，借助电动车桥可以完全地或部分地维持牵引力。此外，借助电动车桥可以至少部分地建立全轮功能性。
电动力学起动元件(EDA)实现：经由一个或多个行星齿轮组实现内燃机转速和电驱动机器转速的转速叠加，使得在内燃机运转的情况下、优选在没有摩擦离合器的情况下能够从静止状态起动机动车。在此，电驱动机器支持转矩。优选地，内燃机不再能够通过起动离合器或类似物与变速器分离。通过使用EDA优选可以取消起动器、发电机和起动离合器或者说液力变矩器。在此，EDA尤其是这样紧凑地构造，使得所有部件在成批的离合器壳体中在没有延长变速器的情况下就位。所述电动力学起动元件例如可以通过柔和协调的扭转减振器与内燃机并且尤其是内燃机的飞轮固定连接。因此，电驱动机器和内燃机可以选择性地同时或替代地运行。如果机动车停止，则可以切断电驱动机器和内燃机。由于电驱动机器的好的可调节性，实现了非常高的起动质量，这可以相应于具有变矩器离合器的驱动装置的起动质量。
在所谓的电动力学换挡(EDS)中，如在EDA起动时那样通过一个或多个行星齿轮组实现内燃机转速和电驱动机器转速的转速叠加。在换挡开始时适配电驱动机器和内燃机的转矩，使得要断开的换挡元件是无负载的。在打开该换挡元件之后，在保持牵引力的情况下进行转速适配，从而使要挂入的换挡元件同步。在闭合该换挡元件之后，根据混合动力运行策略任意地实现内燃机与电驱动机器之间的负载分配。该电动力学换挡方法的优点在于，目标挡位的要切换的换挡元件通过电驱动机器和内燃机的相互作用来同步，其中，电驱动机器优选可以精确地调节。EDS换挡方法的另一个优点是，可以实现高的牵引力，因为该混合式变速器中的内燃机和电机的转矩相加。
附图说明
下面借助一些所选的实施例结合附图详细说明并且解释本发明。
附图示出：
图1示出具有根据本发明的机动车动力传动系的机动车的示意性俯视图；
图2示出根据本发明的混合式变速器的示意性简化的示图；
图3示意性地示出根据图2的混合式变速器的切换状态；
图4示出根据本发明的混合式变速器的一个变型方案；
图5示出根据本发明的混合式变速器的另一个变型方案；
图6示出根据本发明的混合式变速器的另一个变型方案；
图7示出根据本发明的混合式变速器的另一个变型方案；
图8示出根据本发明的混合式变速器的另一个变型方案；
图9示出根据本发明的混合式变速器的示意性简化的示图；
图10示意性地示出根据图9的混合式变速器的切换状态；
图11示出根据本发明的混合式变速器的另一个变型方案；
图12示出根据本发明的混合式变速器的另一个变型方案。
具体实施方式
在图1中示意性地示出具有机动车动力传动系12的机动车10。机动车动力传动系12具有电驱动机器14、内燃机16和混合式变速器18。混合式变速器18与机动车10的前桥连接。可以理解的是，混合式变速器18还可以与机动车10的后桥连接。借助机动车动力传动系12将电驱动机器14和/或内燃机16的驱动功率供应给机动车10的车轮。机动车10还具有蓄能器22，以便储存用于为电驱动机器14供电的能量。
在图2中示意性地示出在机动车动力传动系12中根据本发明的混合式变速器18的简化的示图。在此，该示图对应于一种类型的线路图。可建立的传动比以四边形示出并且以带有下标的“i”表示。所述传动比优选通过齿轮对建立。此外，根据切换的类型示出八个换挡元件A-F、K3、R。
混合式变速器18具有第一变速器输入轴24和第二变速器输入轴26。第一变速器输入轴24与内燃机16以有效驱动的方式连接。第二变速器输入轴26与电驱动机器14以有效驱动的方式连接并且可以将驱动功率引入到示意性示出的行星齿轮组RS中。
行星齿轮组RS在示图中作为圆圈示出，其中，三个行星齿轮组元件即齿圈Ho、太阳轮So和行星齿轮架或连接板S在圆圈的相应位置上用字母标记。借助行星齿轮组RS可以建立传动比i0。第二变速器输入轴26与行星齿轮组RS的齿圈Ho连接。行星齿轮组RS的行星齿轮架或连接板S与中间轴28连接。行星齿轮组RS的太阳轮So能被固定或者能与第一变速器输入轴24连接。
此外，混合式变速器18包括第一副轴30，该第一副轴通过从动传动比iab与从动装置32并且尤其是与从动装置32的差速器连接。
通过挂入第一换挡元件A，中间轴28可以通过传动比iV1/E1与第一副轴30以有效驱动的方式连接。
通过挂入第二换挡元件B，第一变速器输入轴24可以通过传动比iV2与第一副轴30以有效驱动的方式连接。
第三换挡元件C建立第一变速器输入轴24通过传动比iV3与第一副轴30的以有效驱动的方式的连接。
通过挂入第四换挡元件D，中间轴28可以通过传动比IE2与第一副轴30以有效驱动的方式连接。
通过挂入固定换挡元件E，行星齿轮组RS的太阳轮So可以与抗扭转的构件、例如变速器壳体以有效驱动的方式连接并且因此行星齿轮组RS被固定。
第六换挡元件F构造用于将行星齿轮组RS、尤其是行星齿轮组RS的太阳轮So与第一变速器输入轴24以有效驱动的方式连接。
通过挂入连接换挡元件K3，第一变速器输入轴24可以与行星齿轮组RS的行星齿轮架或连接板S以有效驱动的方式连接。
通过挂入倒挡换挡元件R，中间轴28可以通过倒挡传动比IR与第一副轴30以有效驱动的方式连接。
混合式变速器18的基本齿轮组因此由两个子变速器组成，其中，第一子变速器与内燃机16连接并且包括至少两个挡位级。所述挡位级能通过第二换挡元件B和第三换挡元件C来建立。
第二子变速器经由行星齿轮组RS与电驱动机器14作用连接并且具有两个前进挡位级和一个倒车挡位级。它们能通过第一换挡元件A、第四换挡元件D或倒挡换挡元件R来建立。此外，通过所述连接换挡元件K3可以在两个子变速器之间建立连接。例如，第二子变速器的第一挡位级因此也可以被内燃机16使用。此外，通过所述连接换挡元件K3能够实现在空挡中充电。
当挂入固定换挡元件E时，行星齿轮组RS在第二子变速器中能用作预变速比。如果挂入第六换挡元件F，则在行星齿轮组RS上可以实现电动力学叠加状态或EDX模式，其中，不仅可以前进而且也可以后退地电动力学地起动。由此，在蓄能器22空的情况下也可实现起动。
所有换挡元件A至F、R、K3可以构造成形锁合的换挡元件、例如牙嵌切换元件。可以理解的是，电驱动机器14的连接不仅可以同轴地而且可以轴线平行地进行。
此外，以下换挡元件组合成双换挡元件是可行的。第一换挡元件A可以与第四换挡元件D组合成双换挡元件。第二换挡元件B可以与第三换挡元件C组合成双换挡元件。固定换挡元件E可以与第六换挡元件F组合成双换挡元件。此外，倒挡换挡元件R可以与连接换挡元件K3组合成双换挡元件。
如果第五换挡元件F闭合，则建立所谓的EDA模式。在该EDA模式中，行星齿轮组RS用作叠加变速器，其中，电驱动机器14与行星齿轮组RS的齿圈Ho连接，而内燃机16借助第六换挡元件F与行星齿轮组RS的太阳轮So连接。行星齿轮组RS的行星齿轮架或连接板S与从动装置32通过所述传动级iV1/E1、iE2或iR之一连接，其中，相应地建立EDA-V1、EDA-V2或EDA-R模式。由此，尤其是也可以在蓄能器22空的情况下实现起动并且行驶。
在图3中示意性地在换挡矩阵34中示出根据图2的混合式变速器18的切换状态。
在换挡矩阵的第一列中示出内燃机挡位级V1至V3、三个电动力学叠加状态EDA-V1、EDA-V2、EDA-R、两个电动挡位级E1、E2和两个用于在空挡中充电的状态LiN1、LiN2。
在第二至第九列中示出换挡元件A至F、倒挡换挡元件R和连接换挡元件K3的切换状态，其中，“X”表示相应的换挡元件闭合，即所配属的变速器构件以有效驱动的方式相互连接。如果不存在记录项，则由此出发：相应的换挡元件是打开的，也就是说不传递驱动功率。
为了建立第一内燃机挡位级V1，可以闭合第一换挡元件A以及连接换挡元件K3。
第二内燃机挡位级V2通过闭合第二换挡元件B建立。
闭合第三换挡元件C建立第三内燃机挡位级V3。
第一电动力学叠加状态EDA-V1可以通过闭合第一换挡元件A和第六换挡元件F来建立。
第二电动力学叠加状态EDA-V2可以通过闭合第四换挡元件D和第六换挡元件F来建立。
闭合第六换挡元件F和倒挡换挡元件R建立第三、反向定向的电动力学叠加状态EDA-R。
第一电动挡位级E1可以通过闭合第一换挡元件A和固定换挡元件E来建立。
闭合第四换挡元件D和固定换挡元件E建立第二电动挡位级E2。
在空挡中充电的第一状态LiN1可以通过闭合固定换挡元件E和连接换挡元件K3来建立。
闭合第六换挡元件F和连接换挡元件K3建立在空挡中充电的第二状态LiN2。
在电动挡位级E1或E2中电动行驶是可行的。在这些状态中，内燃机16脱联，即第二换挡元件B、第三换挡元件C、第六换挡元件F和连接换挡元件K3是打开的。第一电动挡位级E1用作主电动挡位级。从该第一电动挡位级直接过渡到第一内燃机挡位级V1、第二内燃机挡位级V2或第三内燃机挡位级V3是可行的，其方式为闭合用于第一内燃机挡位级V1的连接换挡元件K3、用于第二内燃机挡位级V2的第二换挡元件B或用于第三内燃机挡位级V3的第三换挡元件C。
从第二电动挡位级E2直接过渡到第二内燃机挡位级V2或第三内燃机挡位级V3是可行的，其中，第二换挡元件B为了过渡到第二内燃机挡位级V2而闭合，或者第三换挡元件C为了过渡到第三内燃机挡位级V3而闭合。通过这种切换可行性，第一内燃机挡位级V1、第二内燃机挡位级V2和第三内燃机挡位级V3之间的切换可以通过电驱动机器14以牵引力辅助的方式实施。在所述状态下，电驱动机器14以第一电动挡位级E1或第二电动挡位级E2独立于内燃机16与从动装置32连接。从第一内燃机挡位级V1至第二内燃机挡位级V2的切换可以通过第一电动挡位级E1来支持。
由内燃机驱动的行驶提供由内燃机驱动的挡位级V1至V3。
换挡元件的同步可以通过电驱动机器14的转速调节来实现。替代地，也可以进行内燃机16的转速调节。
可以理解的是，在由内燃机驱动的运行中电驱动机器14也可以脱联，以便减少拖曳损耗。
图4示出根据图2的混合式变速器18的详细的示意图。
电驱动机器14构造成轴线平行的驱动机器并且借助牵引机构传动装置、齿轮链或链传动装置与第二变速器输入轴26以有效驱动的方式连接。未示出的内燃机16借助优选无内燃机离合器地构造的第一变速器输入轴24与混合式变速器18连接。
从未示出的内燃机16的连接侧看，各个变速器构件如下布置在混合式变速器18中。首先是用于建立传动比iV3的齿轮对，然后是包括第三换挡元件C和第二换挡元件B的双换挡元件以及在同一个齿轮组平面中的用于建立从动传动比iAb的从动齿轮，该从动齿轮与从动装置32的差速器啮合。然后，用于建立传动级iV2的齿轮对、用于建立倒挡传动比iR的齿轮对以及包括倒挡换挡元件R和连接换挡元件K3的双换挡元件布置在混合式变速器18中。与此相邻地，用于建立传动比iE2的齿轮对、然后包括第四换挡元件D和第一换挡元件A的双换挡元件以及用于建立传动比iV1/E1的齿轮布置在混合式变速器18中。与此相邻地，行星齿轮组RS、然后是用于连接电驱动机器14的连接齿轮以及包括固定换挡元件E和第六换挡元件F的双换挡元件布置在混合式变速器18中。
中间轴28构造成空心轴并且至少在部分区段上包围第一变速器输入轴24。第一副轴30构造成实心轴并且与第一变速器输入轴24和第二变速器输入轴26轴线平行地布置。
第一变速器输入轴24布置在变速器轴线A1上。第一副轴30布置在变速器轴线A2上，并且从动装置32并且尤其是从动装置32的差速器布置在变速器轴线A3上。包括第四换挡元件D和第一换挡元件A的双换挡元件布置在第一副轴30上。其余的双换挡元件布置在第一变速器输入轴24上。相应地，所述齿轮对的活动齿轮和固定齿轮也布置在轴24、30、28上，其中，所述齿轮对的活动齿轮始终布置在与相应的换挡元件相同的轴上。
在图5中示出根据本发明的混合式变速器18的另一个变型方案。与在图4中所示的实施方式不同，包括第四换挡元件D和第一换挡元件A的双换挡元件布置在包括用于建立传动级iE2的齿轮对的齿轮组平面与包括用于建立倒车挡传动比iR的齿轮三重组的齿轮组平面之间。由此，混合式变速器18可以在轴向上更短地构造，因为包括倒挡换挡元件R和连接换挡元件K3的双换挡元件和包括第一换挡元件A和第四换挡元件D的双换挡元件布置在一个轴向的平面中。包括第一换挡元件A和第四换挡元件D的双换挡元件为此包括非常规的具有搭接部的换挡元件。
第一副轴30分成两部分，其中，包括第一换挡元件A和第四换挡元件D的双换挡元件左边的部分仅包括固定齿轮，包括第一换挡元件A和第四换挡元件D的双换挡元件右边的部分包括活动齿轮和固定齿轮。活动齿轮可以通过闭合第四换挡元件D与第一副轴30左侧的部分以有效驱动的方式连接，而固定齿轮可以通过闭合第一换挡元件A与第一副轴30左侧的部分以有效驱动的方式连接。
在图6中示出根据本发明的混合式变速器18的另一个变型方案。与在图4中所示的实施方式不同，包括第三换挡元件C和第二换挡元件B的双换挡元件布置在第一副轴30上。此外，包括第四换挡元件D和第一换挡元件A的双换挡元件布置在中间轴28上。可以理解的是，配属于所述两个上述双换挡元件的齿轮对关于固定齿轮和活动齿轮的布置也被交换，从而如上所述，相应齿轮对的活动齿轮布置在也配属于该双换挡元件的轴上。
在图7中示出根据本发明的混合式变速器18的另一个变型方案。与在图4中所示的实施方式不同，从动装置32与形成挡位的齿轮、尤其是传动级iV3的形成挡位的固定齿轮啮合。由此，可以节省从动齿轮。然而，从动装置32的传动比iAb不再能够独立地选择。
在图8中示出根据本发明的混合式变速器18的另一个变型方案。与至今所示的实施方式不同，根据图8的混合式变速器18包括第二副轴36。
此外，电驱动机器14构造成同轴机器并且在径向上和/或在轴向上至少在部分区段上包围行星齿轮组RS以及包括固定换挡元件E和第六换挡元件F的双换挡元件。
用于建立传动级iV2和iV3或iV1/E1和iE2的齿轮能够布置在不同的副轴30、36上并且使用共同的固定齿轮，即形成所谓的双齿轮平面。优选地，形成较短的挡位级的齿轮布置在第一副轴30上，该第一副轴在所示的实施方式中具有短的终传动比iAb1。用于形成较长传动比的挡位级的齿轮布置在第二副轴36上，该第二副轴在所示的示例中具有较长的终传动比iAb2。
因此，包括第四换挡元件D和第一换挡元件A的双换挡元件触发并且包括两个单换挡元件，其中，第一换挡元件A布置在第一副轴30上并且第四换挡元件D布置在第二副轴36上。
此外，包括第三换挡元件C和第二换挡元件B的双换挡元件触发，其中，第二换挡元件B布置在第一副轴30上并且第三换挡元件C布置在第二副轴36上。
用于形成挡位的齿轮对或齿轮因此布置在三个齿轮组平面中。用于建立倒挡传动比iR的齿轮三重组配属于第一变速器输入轴24和第一副轴30。
在图9中类似于图2示出根据本发明的混合式变速器的根据一种线路图的简化的示图。与在图2中所示的实施方式不同，根据图9的混合式变速器18不包括第二换挡元件B。其它的连接是相同的。可以理解的是，通过取消第二换挡元件B也取消了传动级iV2。
在图10中，在换挡矩阵38中类似于图3的换挡矩阵34示出根据图9的混合式变速器的切换状态。为了清楚起见，记录所有的切换状态，其中，切换状态仅在用于第二内燃机挡位级V2的切换状态中不同。这通过挂入第四换挡元件D和连接换挡元件K3来建立。因此，传动比iE3也用于建立内燃机挡位级并且因此在图10、图11和图12中用iV2/E2表示。
在图11中示出根据图9的混合式变速器18的详细的示意图。与在图4中所示的实施方式不同，如上面已经描述的那样，混合式变速器18构造成不具有第二换挡元件B和配属的齿轮对，该齿轮对建立传动级iV2。变速器构件的其余的连接和布置类似于在图4中所示的实施方式。
图12示出根据图9的混合式变速器18的详细的示意图。与图8所示的实施方式不同，根据图12的混合式变速器18不包括第二换挡元件B并且不包括在第一副轴30上所属的活动齿轮。因此，根据图12的混合式变速器18仅还包括一个双齿轮平面。变速器构件的其它布置和设计方案与在图8中所示的实施方式相同。
通过节省第二换挡元件B和所属的齿轮或齿轮对，可以进一步降低混合式变速器18的结构空间需求以及结构耗费。然而，这种减少导致受限的可起动性(Zustartbarkeit)。例如，从第一电动挡位级E1，内燃机16在第二内燃机挡位级V2中的起动不再可能。
借助附图和说明书概括地描述并且阐述本发明。描述和阐述应理解为示例而非限制性的。本发明不限于所公开的实施方式。本领域技术人员在使用本发明以及在准确地分析附图、公开内容和所附的专利权利要求时得出其他实施方式或变体。
在专利权利要求中，单词“包括”和“具有”不排除其他元件或步骤的存在性。不定冠词“一个”或“一”不排除多数的存在性。单个元件或单个单元可以执行在专利权利要求中提到的多个单元的功能。在多个不同的从属专利权利要求中提到的若干措施不应理解为这些措施的组合不能同样以有利的方式使用。专利权利要求中的附图标记不应理解为限制。用于运行机动车动力传动系12的方法例如可以以计算机程序的形式实现，该计算机程序在用于机动车动力传动系12的控制器上实施。计算机程序可以在非易失性的数据载体上存储/运行，例如在光学存储器或固态硬盘(SSD)上存储/运行。计算机程序可以与硬件一起并且/或者作为硬件的一部分来运行，例如借助因特网或者借助有线或无线的通信系统来运行。
附图标记
10 机动车
12 机动车动力传动系
14 电驱动机器
16 内燃机
18 混合式变速器
22 蓄能器
24 第一变速器输入轴
26 第二变速器输入轴
28 中间轴
30 第一副轴
32 从动装置
34 换挡矩阵
36 第二副轴
38 换挡矩阵
A1-A4 变速器轴线
A-D 换挡元件
E 固定换挡元件
F 第五换挡元件
K3 连接换挡元件
R 倒挡换挡元件
W 变速器轴
i 可建立的传动比

Claims (15)

1.用于机动车(10)的机动车动力传动系(12)的混合式变速器(18)，该混合式变速器具有：
第一变速器输入轴(24)，其用于将混合式变速器与机动车的内燃机(16)作用连接；
第二变速器输入轴(26)，其用于将混合式变速器与机动车的电驱动机器(14)作用连接；
第一子变速器和第二子变速器；
行星齿轮组(RS)，该行星齿轮组具有三个行星齿轮组元件；
第一副轴(30)；
布置在多个齿轮组平面中的活动齿轮和固定齿轮，以便形成挡位级；以及
多个挡位切换装置，其具有用于挂入所述挡位级的换挡元件(A、B、C、D、E、F、R、K3)；其中，所述行星齿轮组
与所述第二变速器输入轴以有效驱动的方式连接；
借助中间轴(28)与第二子变速器以有效驱动的方式连接；并且
能被固定或能与第一变速器输入轴连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合式变速器(18)，其中，
所述第一变速器输入轴(24)在输入侧构造成无内燃机离合器的；并且
在齿轮组平面中布置有换向齿轮，以便建立机械的倒车挡位级。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合式变速器(18)，其中，
所述行星齿轮组(RS)的太阳轮能被固定或者能与第一变速器输入轴(24)连接；
行星齿轮组的行星齿轮架与所述中间轴(28)以有效驱动的方式连接；并且
行星齿轮组的齿圈与第二变速器输入轴(26)以有效驱动的方式连接。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合式变速器(18)，其中，所述行星齿轮组能通过挂入两个换挡元件(F、K3)而被闭锁。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合式变速器(18)，其中，所述换挡元件的固定换挡元件(E)构造用于固定所述行星齿轮组(RS)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合式变速器(18)，其中，
第一换挡元件(A)、优选第二换挡元件(B)、第三换挡元件(C)和第四换挡元件(D)构造用于分别以有效驱动的方式切换齿轮对；
第五换挡元件(F)构造用于将行星齿轮组(RS)、尤其是行星齿轮组的太阳轮与第一变速器输入轴(24)以有效驱动的方式连接；
连接换挡元件(K3)构造用于将第一变速器输入轴与所述中间轴(28)以有效驱动的方式连接；和/或
倒挡换挡元件(R)构造用于以有效驱动的方式切换包括换向齿轮的齿轮三重组。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合式变速器(18)，其中，
该混合式变速器具有第二副轴(36)；
所述第一子变速器的齿轮和优选第二子变速器的齿轮分别与第一副轴(30)的齿轮和第二副轴上的齿轮啮合；并且
所述活动齿轮和固定齿轮为了形成挡位级而布置在恰好三个齿轮组平面中。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合式变速器(18)，其中，从动装置(32)包括与形成挡位的齿轮啮合的差动齿轮。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合式变速器(18)，其中，
所述换挡元件(A、B、C、D、E、F、R、K3)构造成形锁合的换挡元件；和/或
所述换挡元件中的至少两个换挡元件、尤其是所有换挡元件构造成双换挡元件并且能够由双作用的执行器来操纵。
10.用于机动车(10)的机动车动力传动系(12)，该机动车动力传动系包括：
根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合式变速器(18)；
内燃机(16)，该内燃机能与第一变速器输入轴(24)连接；以及
电驱动机器(14)，该电驱动机器与第二变速器输入轴(26)以有效驱动的方式连接。
11.根据权利要求10所述的机动车动力传动系(12)，其中，
所述电驱动机器(14)构造成同轴机器；并且
所述行星齿轮组(RS)和/或至少一个换挡元件(E、F)至少在部分区段上沿轴向和/或径向布置在所述电驱动机器的内部。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的机动车动力传动系(12)，其中，所述电驱动机器(14)能独立于内燃机(16)与混合式变速器(18)的从动装置(32)连接。
13.根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的机动车动力传动系(12)，其中，所述电驱动机器(14)
能作为起动器发电机来操控，以便起动内燃机(16)；和/或
能作为充电发电机来操控，以便给蓄能器(22)充电。
14.用于运行根据权利要求10至13中任一项所述的机动车动力传动系(12)的方法。
15.机动车(10)，该机动车包括：
根据权利要求10至13中任一项所述的机动车动力传动系(12)；以及
用于存储能量以便为电驱动机器(14)供电的蓄能器(22)。
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