CN115519993A - 混合变速器、机动车动力传动系及其运行方法和机动车 - Google Patents

混合变速器、机动车动力传动系及其运行方法和机动车 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115519993A
CN115519993A CN202210154379.6A CN202210154379A CN115519993A CN 115519993 A CN115519993 A CN 115519993A CN 202210154379 A CN202210154379 A CN 202210154379A CN 115519993 A CN115519993 A CN 115519993A
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Prior art keywords
gear
transmission
motor vehicle
hybrid transmission
countershaft
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CN202210154379.6A
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Inventor
F·库特尔
M·布雷默
M·霍恩
O·拜耳
J·卡尔滕巴赫
T·马丁
M·韦克斯
T·克罗
M·巴赫曼
P·齐默
J·帕夫拉克维奇
I·普凡库亨
S·贝克
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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Publication of CN115519993A publication Critical patent/CN115519993A/zh
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
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    • F16H3/02Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/089Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears all of the meshing gears being supported by a pair of parallel shafts, one being the input shaft and the other the output shaft, there being no countershaft involved
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的机动车动力传动系的混合变速器,其包括:第一变速器输入轴,用于将混合变速器与内燃机操作连接;第一分传动装置和第二分传动装置;第二变速器输入轴,用于将混合变速器与驱动电机操作连接;行星齿轮组,该行星齿轮组与第二变速器输入轴传动有效地连接并且借助于第一副轴和第二副轴与各分传动装置能传动有效地连接;第一中间轴;设置在多个齿轮组平面中的、用于构成挡级的空套齿轮和固定齿轮;和多个换挡装置,所述换挡装置包括用于接合挡级的切换元件;其中,通过所述行星齿轮组能建立电动的叠加状态;并且在一个齿轮组平面中设置换向齿轮,以便建立机械的倒挡。本发明还涉及机动车动力传动系及其运行方法和机动车。

Description

混合变速器、机动车动力传动系及其运行方法和机动车
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有机械倒挡的混合变速器、一种具有这样的混合变速器的机动车动力传动系、一种具有这样的机动车动力传动系的机动车以及一种用于运行这样的机动车动力传动系的方法。
背景技术
车辆越来越配备混合驱动装置,即配备至少两个不同的驱动源。混合驱动装置可以有助于降低燃料消耗和有害物质排放。已广泛得到认可的是一些动力传动系,它们包括一个内燃机和一个或多个电动机,作为并联混合动力或者混合型混合动力。这样的混合驱动装置在力流中具有内燃机和电动驱动装置的基本上并联的布置。在此,不仅驱动力矩的叠加而且用纯内燃机驱动或者纯电动机驱动的操控都可以得到允许。因为电动驱动装置和内燃机的驱动力矩可以根据操控的情况相加,相对较小地设计内燃机和/或暂时地切断内燃机是可能的。因此可以明显降低CO2排放,而无明显的功率损失或舒适性损失。电动驱动装置的可能性和优点因此可以与内燃机的续驶里程优点、功率优点和成本优点相结合。
上述混合驱动装置的缺点在于通常较复杂的结构,因为两个驱动源优选地利用仅一个变速器将驱动功率传递到驱动轴上。因此,这种变速器大多复杂且在生产中成本昂贵。降低混合变速器结构的复杂性通常代价为变化性的损失。
这种缺点可以至少部分地借助于专用混合变速器(DHT)克服,其中,电机集成到变速器中,以便构成完整的功能范围。例如在变速器中可以尤其是简化机械的变速器部件,例如方式为:省去倒挡,取而代之,利用至少一个电机。
专用混合变速器可以产生于已知的变速器设计,即可以产生于双离合器变速器、变矩器-行星齿轮变速器、无级变速器(CVT)或者自动化的有级变速器。在此,电机成为变速器的组成部分。
发明内容
在此背景下,本发明的目的是,实现一种紧凑的、机械简单地构成的混合变速器。尤其是应实现一种混合变速器,通过该混合变速器,即使在电池可用性小或者无的情况下也能倒车。
所述目的通过一种用于机动车的机动车动力传动系的混合变速器达到,所述混合变速器包括:
第一变速器输入轴,用于将混合变速器与机动车的内燃机操作连接;
第一分传动装置和第二分传动装置;
第二变速器输入轴,用于将混合变速器与机动车的驱动电机操作连接;
行星齿轮组,该行星齿轮组与第二变速器输入轴传动有效地连接并且借助于第一副轴和第二副轴与各分传动装置能传动有效地连接;
第一中间轴;
设置在多个齿轮组平面中的、用于构成挡级的空套齿轮和固定齿轮;和
多个换挡装置,所述换挡装置包括用于接合挡级的切换元件;
其中,通过所述行星齿轮组能建立电动的叠加状态;并且
在一个齿轮组平面中设置换向齿轮,以便建立机械的倒挡。
上述目的还通过一种用于机动车的机动车动力传动系达到,所述机动车动力传动系包括:
如前面定义的混合变速器;
内燃机,所述内燃机能与第一变速器输入轴连接;和
驱动电机,所述驱动电机与第二变速器输入轴传动有效地连接。
上述目的还通过一种用于运行如前面定义的机动车动力传动系的方法达到。
最后,上述目的通过一种机动车达到,所述机动车包括如前面定义的机动车动力传动系和用于存储用于供给驱动电机的能量的蓄能器。
不言而喻,前述的以及后面还将解释的特征不仅能在相应地说明的组合中应用,而且可以在其他组合中应用或者单独地应用,而不脱离本发明的范围。尤其是机动车动力传动系、机动车以及方法可以按照针对混合变速器说明的方案实施。
通过第一和第二分传动装置可以技术简单地实现驱动电机和内燃机的驱动功率的叠加。此外可以实现高可变性的变速器,其中,驱动电机的不同挡级可以与内燃机的挡级在混合模式中组合。借助于一个行星齿轮组可以建立用于不仅前进起动而且后退起动的有效的EDA模式,其中,优选地不需要用于起动的摩擦离合器。换向齿轮能够实现机械的倒挡,使得:即使在电的蓄能器为空的情况下,也能不仅向前而且向后借助于EDA模式起动。
在一种优选方案中,换向齿轮包括阶梯换向齿轮。因此,可以改进地建立机械倒挡的传动比。尤其是当倒挡构成为所谓的双齿轮平面的组成部分时,双齿轮平面的与两个空套齿轮啮合的一个齿轮的齿轮直径可以按照不属于机械倒挡的齿轮来设计。
在另一种优选方案中,行星齿轮组包括阶梯行星齿轮组。借助于阶梯行星齿轮组可以扩宽可能的传动比的速比范围以及范围。可以实现可变的混合变速器。
在另一种优选方案中,切换元件之中的一个锁止切换元件构成用于锁止所述行星齿轮组。因此可以技术简单地建立至少一个闭锁挡。在此,行星齿轮组如同一个轴一样动作,因此在行星齿轮组中不发生驱动功率的增速或减速。
在另一种优选方案中,切换元件之中的一个固定切换元件构成用于固定所述行星齿轮组的一个元件。因此可以技术简单地借助于行星齿轮组建立前置传动比。在此,行星齿轮组传动与行星齿轮组连接的驱动机械、尤其是驱动电机的驱动功率。
在另一种优选方案中,第一变速器输入轴构造成在输入侧没有内燃机离合器。“输入侧”可以理解为用于与内燃机连接的一侧。由于变速器输入轴构造成没有内燃机离合器,可以实现技术简单的并且高效率的混合变速器。尤其是与行星齿轮组(其允许电动的起动)相结合,可以实现舒适的且紧凑的混合变速器。
在另一种优选方案中,混合变速器具有第二中间轴。通过第二中间轴,混合变速器可以轴向紧凑地构成。尤其是通过两个中间轴,所谓的双齿轮平面是可能的,在双齿轮平面中,在一个输入轴上的一个齿轮分别与在第一中间轴上的一个齿轮和第二中间轴上的一个齿轮啮合。因此可以节约用于混合变速器的构件。可以实现重量优化的且极其紧凑的混合变速器。
在另一种优选方案中,第一分传动装置的一个齿轮和第二分传动装置的一个齿轮分别与在第一中间轴上的一个齿轮和在第二中间轴上的一个齿轮啮合。换言之,建立两个双齿轮平面。因此,混合变速器可以极其紧凑地且重量优化地构成。
在另一种优选方案中,用于构成挡级的空套齿轮和固定齿轮设置在正好两个齿轮组平面中。因此可以实现轴向短的且仍然功能范围丰富的混合变速器。
在另一种优选方案中,第一切换元件、第二切换元件和第三切换元件构造成用于,分别传动有效地切换一个包括一个空套齿轮和一个固定齿轮的齿轮偶对。作为补充或替换,第四切换元件构造成用于,将第一变速器输入轴与第一副轴传动有效地连接。此外,作为补充或替换,连接切换元件构造成用于,将第二变速器输入轴与第一副轴传动有效地连接。此外,作为补充或替换,倒挡切换元件构造成用于,将包括换向齿轮的三齿轮组合传动有效地切换。通过切换元件的这种优选连接,可以实现功能范围丰富的混合变速器。尤其是可以建立高效的内燃机运行模式,因为为了切换至少两个内燃机挡级,分别仅一个唯一的切换元件被加载并且至少一个另外的切换元件可以被闭合,优选地为了在混合变速器中并且尤其优选在第一驱动电机中得到定义的转速。
在另一种优选方案中,切换元件构成为形锁合的切换元件。作为补充或替换,切换元件之中的至少两个、尤其是所有切换元件构成为双切换元件,并且能由双向作用的执行器操纵。因此可以实现有效的并且成本有利的混合变速器。双切换元件能够实现,用较少的构件构造混合变速器,因为为了操纵一个双切换元件仅需要使用一个执行器。变速器的操控被简化。变速器紧凑地构成。不言而喻,为了使得切换元件同步,不仅可以使用驱动电机而且可以使用内燃机。
在另一种优选方案中,驱动电机构成为同轴电机。作为补充,行星齿轮组和/或至少一个切换元件至少局部地在轴向和/或在径向设置在驱动电机之内。因此可以实现高效的且尤其是轴向紧凑地构成的动力传动系。可以有利地充分利用可供使用的结构空间。
在另一种优选方案中,驱动电机作为起动机-发电机能被操控用于起动内燃机。作为补充或替换,驱动电机作为充电发电机能被操控用于给蓄能器充电。因此可以有效地运行机动车动力传动系。可以降低燃料消耗。优选地可以放弃附加的用于内燃机的起动机。
行星齿轮组的一个元件的固定尤其是可以理解为该元件围绕其转动轴线转动的锁止。优选地,在此,该元件借助于切换元件与静止构件例如框架和/或变速器壳体抗扭地连接。也可以考虑,将该元件制动直至静止。
行星齿轮组的锁止包括行星齿轮组的两个齿轮和/或行星架与一个齿轮的传动有效的连接,使得它们共同地以相同的转速围绕同一个点优选行星齿轮组的中心点转动。在行星齿轮组的两个齿轮锁止和/或行星齿轮组的行星架与一个齿轮锁止时,行星齿轮组优选地如同一个轴一样作用,尤其是不发生在行星齿轮组中的传动比。
表述“传动有效地连接”在本文中尤其是可以理解为在两个构件之间的不可切换的连接,该连接设置用于永久地传递转速、转矩和/或驱动功率。在此,该连接可以不仅直接地实现,而且可以经由固定传动比实现。该连接可以例如经由固定的轴、齿部、尤其是圆柱齿轮齿部和/或缠绕构件尤其是牵引构件传动装置实现。
表述“能传动有效地连接”或者“构造成用于传动有效地连接”在本文中尤其是可以理解成在两个构件之间的可切换的连接,该连接构造成在闭合状态下用于暂时地传递转速、转矩和/或驱动功率。在断开状态下,该可切换的连接优选暂时基本上不传递转速、转矩和/或驱动功率。
表述“停车充电”或者“在中性中充电”尤其是可以理解成驱动电机作为发电机运行,优选地在停车时且在内燃机运行时,以便填充蓄能器和/或给车载电子装置馈电。
执行器在本文中尤其是将电信号转化为机械运动的构件。优选地,与双切换元件一起应用的执行器实施在两个相反方向上的运动,以便在第一方向上切换双切换元件的一个切换元件以及在第二方向上切换双切换元件的另一个切换元件。
换挡尤其是通过切断一个切换元件和/或离合器并且同时接通用于下一个较高的或下一个较低的挡级的切换元件和/或离合器。因此,第二切换元件和/或第二离合器逐渐地承担第一切换元件和/或第一离合器的转矩,直至在换挡结束时整个转矩由第二切换元件和/或第二离合器承担。在预先同步时,换挡可以较快地实现,优选地在此可以应用形锁合的切换元件。
内燃机可以尤其是能通过燃烧推进剂例如汽油、柴油、煤油、乙醇、液化气、汽车燃气等等而产生旋转运动的机器。内燃机例如可以是汽油机、柴油机、转子发动机或者二冲程马达。
在串联的行驶或缓行时,机动车的驱动电机以发电方式由机动车的内燃机运行。于是如此产生的能量可供机动车的另外的驱动电机使用,以便提供驱动功率。
电气的车轴,也简称为电轴,优选是机动车的非主驱动轴,其中,借助于驱动电机能将驱动功率传递到机动车的车轮上。不言而喻,驱动电机也可以借助于变速器来连接。当在变速器中对于主驱动轴实现换挡时,借助于电轴可以完全地或部分地维持牵引力。此外,借助于电轴可以至少部分地建立全轮驱动功能。
电动的起动元件(EDA)实现,经由一个或多个行星齿轮组进行内燃机转速和驱动电机转速的转速叠加,使得从在内燃机运行时的停车状态起动机动车是可能的,优选地在没有摩擦离合器的情况下实现。在此,驱动电机支持转矩。优选地,内燃机不再能通过起动离合器或类似物与变速器分离。通过应用EDA可以优选地取消起动机、发电机和起动离合器或者液力变矩器。在此,EDA尤其是紧凑地构成,使得所有部件在按系列的离合器壳体中在不延长变速器的情况下具有空间。电动的起动元件可以例如经由调整得软的扭转减振器固定地与内燃机并且尤其是与内燃机的飞轮连接。因此,驱动电机和内燃机可以有选择地同时运行或者择一地运行。如果机动车停止,驱动电机和内燃机可以切断。由于驱动电机的良好的可调性,达到非常高的起动质量,该起动质量可以对应于具有变矩器离合器的驱动装置的起动质量。
在所谓的电动换挡(EDS)中,如在EDA起动时,经由一个或多个行星齿轮组进行内燃机转速与驱动电机转速的转速叠加。为了开始换挡,适配驱动电机和内燃机的转矩,使得要被脱开的切换元件变得无载荷。在断开该切换元件之后,在保持牵引力的情况下进行转速适配,使得要被接合的切换元件变得同步。在闭合该切换元件之后按照混合运行策略的不同情况任意地在内燃机与驱动电机之间分配载荷。电动的切换方法具有如下优点:目标挡的要被切换的切换元件通过驱动电机和内燃机的配合而被同步,其中,驱动电机优选地能被精确地调节。EDS切换方法的另一优点是:能够达到高的牵引力,因为内燃机和电机的转矩在混合变速器中相加。
附图说明
下面借助于若干选出的实施例参照附图更详细地说明和解释本发明。其中:
图1是具有按本发明的机动车动力传动系的机动车的示意俯视图;
图2是按本发明的混合变速器的示意图;
图3显示按本发明的混合变速器的另一方案;
图4是按图2和3的混合变速器的切换状态的示意图;
图5显示按本发明的混合变速器的另一方案;
图6显示按本发明的混合变速器的另一方案;
图7显示按本发明的混合变速器的另一方案;
图8是按图7的混合变速器的切换状态的示意图;
图9显示按本发明的混合变速器的另一方案;
图10显示按本发明的混合变速器的另一方案;
图11显示按本发明的混合变速器的另一方案;以及
图12显示按本发明的混合变速器的另一方案。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地显示机动车10,其包括机动车动力传动系12。机动车动力传动系12具有驱动电机14和内燃机16,它们借助于混合变速器18与机动车10的前轴连接。不言而喻,与机动车10的后轴连接也是可能的。借助于机动车动力传动系12,驱动电机14和/或内燃机16的驱动功率输送至机动车10的车轮。机动车10还具有蓄能器20,以便存储能量,该能量用于供应驱动电机14。
在图2中显示按本发明的混合变速器18的示意图。未示出的内燃机16借助于第一变速器输入轴22与混合变速器18能传动有效地连接。第一变速器输入轴22在此优选构造成没有内燃机离合器。
第二变速器输入轴24与驱动电机14以及行星齿轮组RS传动有效地连接。第二变速器输入轴24建立驱动电机14与行星齿轮组RS的齿圈之间的连接。
行星齿轮组RS能借助于第一副轴26和第二副轴28与混合变速器18的第一和/或第二分传动装置连接。第一副轴26构成为实心轴。第二副轴28构成为空心轴并且至少局部地包围第一副轴26。第一副轴26与行星齿轮组RS的太阳轮传动有效地连接。第二副轴28与行星齿轮组RS的行星齿轮架或者行星架传动有效地连接。
混合变速器18还具有第一中间轴30和第二中间轴32。在第一变速器输入轴22上设置一个固定齿轮,该固定齿轮不仅与在第一中间轴30上的一个空套齿轮而且与在第二中间轴32上的一个空套齿轮啮合。该双齿轮平面构成第一分传动装置。所述设置在第一中间轴上的空套齿轮借助于第二切换元件B与第一中间轴30能传动有效地连接。该双齿轮平面的所述设置在第二中间轴32上的空套齿轮借助于第三切换元件C与第二中间轴32能传动有效地连接。此外,两个中间轴30、32与从动装置34传动有效地连接,该从动装置优选地包括差速器。
在第二副轴28上设置一个固定齿轮,该固定齿轮与一个设置在第一中间轴30上的空套齿轮啮合并且经由换向齿轮36与一个设置在第二中间轴32上的空套齿轮传动有效地啮合。该双齿轮平面的所述设置在第一中间轴30上的空套齿轮通过接合第一切换元件A而与第一中间轴30能传动有效地连接。所述设置在第二中间轴32上的空套齿轮是三齿轮组合的组成部分并且借助于倒挡切换元件R与第二中间轴32能传动有效地连接。不言而喻,借助于三齿轮组合的换向齿轮36可以建立转动方向颠倒,使得实现机械倒挡。
通过接合第四切换元件D,第一副轴26与设置在第一变速器输入轴22上的固定齿轮能传动有效地连接。第四切换元件D因此也将第一变速器输入轴22与第一副轴26连接。
借助于连接切换元件K3,第二副轴28与第一变速器输入轴22或者设置在第一变速器输入轴22上的固定齿轮能传动有效地连接。换言之,连接切换元件K3能将两个分传动装置相互传动有效地连接。
借助于锁止切换元件F,行星齿轮组RS能被锁止。在所示例子中,行星齿轮组RS通过太阳轮与齿圈的传动有效的连接而被锁止。
通过固定切换元件E可以固定行星齿轮组RS的齿圈,即齿圈的旋转运动可以被禁止。因此,借助于行星齿轮组RS能建立驱动电机14的驱动功率的传动。
第四切换元件D和连接切换元件K3组合成一个双切换元件。锁止切换元件F和固定切换元件E也组合成一个双切换元件。
第一变速器输入轴22、第二变速器输入轴24、第一副轴26和第二副轴28设置在第一变速器轴线A1上。第二中间轴32设置在第二变速器轴线A2上。第一中间轴30设置在第三变速器轴线A3上。从动装置34并且尤其是从动装置34的差速器设置在第四变速器轴线A4上。
锁止切换元件F在闭合状态下通过连接行星齿轮组RS的三个元件之中的两个元件而将行星齿轮组RS锁止。因此,对于行星齿轮组RS的锁止,三种不同的方案是可能的。锁止可以通过连接太阳轮与齿圈实现,或者可以通过连接太阳轮与行星架实现,或者可以通过连接行星架与齿圈实现。
在所示的例子中,所有切换元件A、B、C、D、E、F、R、K3可以构成为形锁合的切换元件,例如爪式切换元件。不言而喻,驱动电机14的连接不仅可以与驱动轴同轴地实现,也可以与驱动轴以轴线平行的方式实现。包括锁止切换元件F和固定切换元件E的双切换元件可以至少局部地在径向上设置在驱动电机14内部。另外,行星齿轮组RS可以至少局部地在径向上设置在驱动电机14内部。不言而喻,所有切换元件可以组合成多个双切换元件。
如果第四切换元件D闭合,则EDA模式接通。在此,行星齿轮组RS用作为叠加传动装置。驱动电机14与行星齿轮组RS的齿圈连接,并且内燃机16经由第四切换元件D与行星齿轮组RS的太阳轮连接。行星齿轮组的行星架经由传动级与从动装置34连接。因此,尤其是即使在电的蓄能器20为空时,也能进行起动和行驶。
切换元件的同步化可以优选地通过驱动电机14的转速调节或者通过内燃机16的转速调节实现。如果应纯内燃机行驶,驱动电机14可以被脱开。
在图3中显示按本发明的混合变速器18的另一方案。与在图2中显示的实施方式不同,换向齿轮36构成为阶梯换向齿轮,其中,在一个共同的轴上设置不同直径的两个齿轮。不言而喻,这两个齿轮是固定齿轮。通过这两个齿轮的不同半径,借助于换向齿轮36可以建立传动比。在此,这两个齿轮之一与一个设置在第二副轴上的固定齿轮啮合,而另一个齿轮与一个设置在第二中间轴32上的空套齿轮啮合。
在图4中以切换矩阵38的形式显示按图2和3的混合变速器的切换状态。在切换矩阵38的第一列中显示内燃机挡级V1.1至V3.4、倒挡R1.1至R1.4、两个EDA模式即EDA-R和EDA-V以及两个电动挡级E1和E2。在第二至第九列中显示切换元件A至D、固定切换元件E、锁止切换元件F、倒挡切换元件R和连接切换元件K3的切换状态。“X”表示相应的切换元件是闭合的,即配属的变速器构件相互传动有效地连接。只要是空格,则可以认为,相应的切换元件是断开的,即不传递驱动功率。
为了建立第一前进挡级V1.1的第一方案,第一切换元件A以及连接切换元件K3要被闭合。
第一前进挡级V1.2的第二方案能通过闭合第一切换元件A、第四切换元件D以及锁止切换元件F建立。
第一切换元件A、锁止切换元件F和连接切换元件K3的闭合建立第一前进挡级V1.3的第三方案。
第一前进挡级V1.4的第四方案可以通过闭合第一切换元件A、固定切换元件E和连接切换元件K3建立。
第二前进挡级V2.1的第一方案可以通过闭合第二切换元件B建立。
第二切换元件B、第四切换元件D和锁止切换元件F的闭合建立第二前进挡级V2.2的第二方案。
第二前进挡级V2.3的第三方案可以通过闭合第二切换元件B、锁止切换元件F和连接切换元件K3建立。
第二切换元件B、固定切换元件E和连接切换元件K3的闭合建立第二前进挡级V2.4的第四方案。
第三前进挡级V3.1的第一方案可以通过闭合第三切换元件C建立。
第三前进挡级V3.2的第二方案可以通过闭合第三切换元件C、第四切换元件D和锁止切换元件F建立。
第三切换元件C、锁止切换元件F和连接切换元件K3的闭合建立第三前进挡级V3.3的第三方案。
第三前进挡级V3.4的第四方案可以通过闭合第三切换元件C、固定切换元件E和连接切换元件K3建立。
第一倒挡R1.1的第一方案可以通过闭合倒挡切换元件R和连接切换元件K3建立。
第一倒挡R1.2的第二方案可以通过闭合第四切换元件D、锁止切换元件F和倒挡切换元件R建立。
锁止切换元件F、倒挡切换元件R和连接切换元件K3的闭合建立第一倒挡R1.3的第三方案。
第一倒挡R1.4的第四方案可以通过闭合固定切换元件E、倒挡切换元件R和连接切换元件K3建立。
电动的倒车模式EDA-R可以通过闭合第四切换元件D和倒挡切换元件R建立。
指向前进的电动的叠加模式EDA-V可以通过闭合第一切换元件A和第四切换元件D建立。
第一电动挡级E1可以通过闭合第一切换元件A和固定切换元件E建立。第二电动挡级E2可以通过闭合第一切换元件A和锁止切换元件F建立。
电动行驶在第一电动挡级E1中或者在第二电动挡级E2中是可能的。优选地,内燃机16在该状态下脱开,即第二切换元件B、第三切换元件C、第四切换元件D和连接切换元件K3断开。从两个电动挡级E1、E2直接过渡到第一至第三内燃机挡级V1至V3是可能的,方式为,用于第一内燃机挡级V1的连接切换元件K3或者用于第二内燃机挡级V2的第二切换元件B或者用于第三内燃机挡级V3的第三切换元件C被闭合。因此,在内燃机挡级之间的切换过程也可以以通过驱动电机14支持牵引力的方式实施,因为驱动电机14在电动挡级E1或E2中与内燃机16独立地与从动装置34连接。
在图5中显示按本发明的混合变速器18的另一方案。与在图2中显示的方案不同,锁止切换元件F构造成用于,将行星齿轮组RS的行星架与太阳轮传动有效地连接并且因此锁止行星齿轮组RS。按图5的变速器的切换状态可以从按图4的切换矩阵38得出。
在图6中显示按本发明的混合变速器18的另一方案。与在图2中显示的实施方式不同,在行星齿轮组RS上的连接被交换。驱动电机14与行星齿轮组RS的太阳轮连接并且齿圈与第一副轴26连接。行星齿轮组RS在固定切换元件E闭合时实现第一电动挡。通过行星齿轮组RS的在图6中说明的连接,可以选择另一传动比。在图6中显示的实施方式中,三种锁止方案也是可能的。行星齿轮组RS能通过传动有效地连接太阳轮与齿圈、或者传动有效地连接行星架与齿圈、或者传动有效地连接太阳轮与行星架而被锁止。
在图7中显示按本发明的混合变速器18的另一方案。与在图2中显示的实施方式不同,混合变速器18被精简,其中,固定切换元件E和连接切换元件K3被省去。因此得到混合变速器18的简化的操控以及较小的重量和精简的结构空间需求。但是混合变速器18的功能性也被精简。
在图8中以与图4类似的方式显示按图7的混合变速器的切换状态。在此,可能的切换状态产生于如下状态:在这些状态中既不需要闭合连接切换元件K3也不需要闭合固定切换元件E。因此,在图8中描述的切换矩阵40可以从图4的切换矩阵38产生。关于可能的挡级的闭合的切换元件与在图4中显示的切换矩阵38类似地得到。尤其是通过按图7的混合变速器18能建立第一内燃机挡级V1.2的第一方案、第二内燃机挡级V2.1、V2.2的第一和第二方案以及第三内燃机挡级V3.1、V3.2的第一和第二方案。此外可以建立第一倒挡R1.2的第二方案以及指向前进和指向后退的电动模式EDA-R、EDA-V以及第二电动挡级E2。
在图9中显示按本发明的混合变速器18的另一方案。与在图2中显示的实施方式不同,行星齿轮组RS包括阶梯行星齿轮组。在此,行星架构成为空心轴并且包括两个固定齿轮,这两个固定齿轮之一与行星齿轮组RS的齿圈啮合,并且这两个固定齿轮之中的另一个固定齿轮与行星齿轮组RS的太阳轮啮合。通过阶梯行星齿轮组可以实现传动比的宽范围。在此,各连接保持与前述实施方式相同。因此不言而喻,每个显示的实施方式可以构成有形式为阶梯行星齿轮组的行星齿轮组RS。
在图10中显示按本发明的混合变速器18的另一方案。与在图2中显示的方案不同,省去第二中间轴32。因此提高混合变速器18的轴向长度。另外,拆开双齿轮平面。因此,不仅第一变速器输入轴22而且第二副轴28在所示的实施方式中包括两个构成挡位的齿轮,其中,设置在第一变速器输入轴22上的齿轮构成为空套齿轮,并且借助于第二切换元件B和第三切换元件C与第一变速器输入轴22能传动有效地连接。因此,在第一中间轴30上的与这些空套齿轮啮合的齿轮构成为固定齿轮。
设置在第二副轴28上的齿轮构成为固定齿轮并且与设置在第一中间轴30上的空套齿轮啮合,后者借助于第一切换元件A和倒挡切换元件R与第一中间轴30能传动有效地连接。
在图11中显示按本发明的混合变速器的另一方案。与在图10中显示的实施方式不同,设置在第一变速器输入轴22上的两个齿轮构成为固定齿轮,因此,与这些齿轮啮合的并且设置在第一中间轴30上的齿轮构成为空套齿轮,并且借助于第二切换元件B和第三切换元件C与第一中间轴30能传动有效地连接。
在图12中显示按本发明的混合变速器18的另一方案。与在图10中显示的实施方式不同,驱动电机14构成为轴线平行的驱动电机14,并且借助于牵引元件传动装置与第二变速器输入轴24传动有效地连接。不言而喻,可以应用任何在现有技术中已知的用于将轴线平行的驱动电机连接到变速器上的可能性。尤其是可以应用齿轮链或类似物。
本发明已借助于附图和说明书被全面地说明和解释。该说明和解释应理解为示例,而非限制性的。本发明不限于公开的实施方式。其他实施方式或变型方案对于本领域技术人员在应用本发明时以及在精确分析附图和公开内容时得到。
词语“包括”不排除其他元件或步骤的存在。“一个”不排除“多个”的存在。单个元件或者单个单元可以实施列举的多个单元的功能。存粹地列举若干措施不应如下理解:这些措施的组合不能也有利地应用。用于运行机动车动力传动系12的方法可以例如以计算机程序的方式实现,该计算机程序在用于机动车动力传动系12的控制器上实施。计算机程序可以在非易失的数据载体上存储/运行,例如在光学存储器上或者在半导体驱动器(SSD)上存储/运行。计算机程序可以与硬件一起销售和/或作为硬件的组成部分销售,例如可以借助于互联网或者借助于有线的或无线的通信系统销售。附图标记不应理解为限制性的。
附图标记列表
10 机动车
12 机动车动力传动系
14 驱动电机
16 内燃机
18 混合变速器
20 蓄能器
22 第一变速器输入轴
24 第二变速器输入轴
26 第一副轴
28 第二副轴
30 第一中间轴
32 第二中间轴
34 从动装置
36 换向齿轮
38 切换矩阵
40 切换矩阵
A~D 切换元件
E 固定切换元件
F 锁止切换元件
K3 连接切换元件
R 倒挡切换元件
A1~A4 变速器轴线
RS 行星齿轮组

Claims (16)

1.一种用于机动车(10)的机动车动力传动系(12)的混合变速器(18),所述混合变速器包括:
第一变速器输入轴(22),用于将混合变速器与机动车的内燃机(16)操作连接;
第一分传动装置和第二分传动装置;
第二变速器输入轴(24),用于将混合变速器与机动车的驱动电机(14)操作连接;
行星齿轮组(RS),该行星齿轮组与第二变速器输入轴传动有效地连接并且借助于第一副轴(26)和第二副轴(28)与各分传动装置能传动有效地连接;
第一中间轴(30);
设置在多个齿轮组平面中的、用于构成挡级的空套齿轮和固定齿轮;和
多个换挡装置,所述换挡装置包括用于接合挡级的切换元件(A、B、C、D、E、F、R、K3);
其中,通过所述行星齿轮组能建立电动的叠加状态;并且
在一个齿轮组平面中设置换向齿轮(36),以便建立机械的倒挡。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合变速器(18),其中,所述换向齿轮(36)包括阶梯换向齿轮。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合变速器(18),其中,所述行星齿轮组(RS)包括阶梯行星齿轮组。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合变速器(18),其中,所述切换元件之中的一个锁止切换元件(F)构成用于锁止所述行星齿轮组(RS)。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合变速器(18),其中,所述切换元件之中的一个固定切换元件(E)构成用于固定所述行星齿轮组(RS)的一个元件。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合变速器(18),其中,所述第一变速器输入轴(22)构造成在输入侧没有内燃机离合器。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合变速器(18),其中,所述混合变速器具有第二中间轴(32)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的混合变速器(18),其中,第一分传动装置的一个齿轮和第二分传动装置的一个齿轮分别与在第一中间轴(30)上的一个齿轮和在第二中间轴(32)上的一个齿轮啮合。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的混合变速器(18),其中,用于构成挡级的空套齿轮和固定齿轮设置在正好两个齿轮组平面中。
10.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合变速器(18),其中,第一切换元件(A)、第二切换元件(B)和第三切换元件(C)构造成用于,分别传动有效地切换一个包括一个空套齿轮和一个固定齿轮的齿轮偶对;和/或
第四切换元件(D)构造成用于,将第一变速器输入轴(22)与第一副轴(26)传动有效地连接;和/或
连接切换元件(K3)构造成用于,将第二变速器输入轴(24)与第一副轴传动有效地连接;和/或
倒挡切换元件(R)构造成用于,将包括换向齿轮的三齿轮组合传动有效地切换。
11.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合变速器(18),其中,所述切换元件(A、B、C、D、E、F、R、K3)构成为形锁合的切换元件;和/或
所述切换元件之中的至少两个、尤其是所有切换元件构成为双切换元件,并且能由双向作用的执行器操纵。
12.一种用于机动车(10)的机动车动力传动系(12),所述机动车动力传动系包括:
根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合变速器(18);
内燃机(16),所述内燃机能与第一变速器输入轴(22)连接;和
驱动电机(14),所述驱动电机与第二变速器输入轴(24)传动有效地连接。
13.根据权利要求12所述的机动车动力传动系(12),其中,
所述驱动电机(14)构成为同轴电机;并且
行星齿轮组(RS)和/或至少一个切换元件至少局部地在轴向和/或在径向设置在驱动电机之内。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的机动车动力传动系(12),其中,所述驱动电机(14)作为起动机-发电机能被操控用于起动内燃机(16);和/或所述驱动电机作为充电发电机能被操控用于给蓄能器(20)充电。
15.一种用于运行根据权利要求12至14中任一项所述的机动车动力传动系(12)的方法。
16.一种机动车(10),所述机动车包括:
根据权利要求12至14中任一项所述的机动车动力传动系(12);和
用于存储用于供给驱动电机(14)的能量的蓄能器(20)。
CN202210154379.6A 2021-06-24 2022-02-21 混合变速器、机动车动力传动系及其运行方法和机动车 Pending CN115519993A (zh)

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