CN110843500A - 用于混合动力传动系的变速器装置和运行混合动力传动系的方法 - Google Patents

用于混合动力传动系的变速器装置和运行混合动力传动系的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110843500A
CN110843500A CN201910764502.4A CN201910764502A CN110843500A CN 110843500 A CN110843500 A CN 110843500A CN 201910764502 A CN201910764502 A CN 201910764502A CN 110843500 A CN110843500 A CN 110843500A
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clutch
transmission
coupling
gear set
gear
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CN201910764502.4A
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Inventor
弗兰克·巴尔杜夫
瓦塞姆·盖尔盖斯
哈拉尔德·施米茨
马丁·索伊弗特
克里斯蒂安·施佩希特
马塞尔·布热斯克
约翰内斯·盖尔特林格尔
延斯·古利亚施
安德烈娅斯·黑格拉特
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Getrag Ford Transmissions GmbH
Magna PT BV and Co KG
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Getrag Ford Transmissions GmbH
Getrag BV and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H2200/0039—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising three forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/089—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears all of the meshing gears being supported by a pair of parallel shafts, one being the input shaft and the other the output shaft, there being no countershaft involved
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Abstract

一种用于混合动力传动系(10)的变速器装置(18)，具有：可与第一驱动机械(12)连接的变速器输入轴(26)；至少一个变速器输出轴(34)；至少一个可借助切换离合器切换的挡位齿轮组(40，46)，其将变速器输入轴和变速器输出轴连接以设定挡位；具有第一输入部件(66)、第二输入部件(82)和输出部件(84)的叠加式齿轮组(64)；可与第二驱动机械(16)连接的机械部件(68)，其中机械部件与叠加式齿轮组的一个部件连接，变速器输入轴经可切换的桥式离合器(BR)与叠加式齿轮组的另外的部件连接，叠加式齿轮组的两个部件借助锁止离合器(BL)彼此连接。桥式离合器和锁止离合器集成到耦联‑切换离合器装置中。

Description

用于混合动力传动系的变速器装置和运行混合动力传动系的 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力传动系的变速器装置，其具有：可与第一驱动机械连接的变速器输入轴；至少一个变速器输出轴；至少一个能借助于切换离合器切换的挡位齿轮组，所述挡位齿轮组将变速器输入轴和变速器输出轴连接，以便设定挡位；叠加式齿轮组，所述叠加式齿轮组具有第一输入部件、第二输入部件和输出部件；和可与第二驱动机械连接的机械部件，其中机械部件与叠加式齿轮组的一个部件连接，其中变速器输入轴经由可切换的桥式离合器与叠加式齿轮组的另外的部件连接，并且其中叠加式齿轮组的两个部件能够借助于锁止离合器彼此连接。
此外，本发明涉及一种用于运行混合动力传动系的方法，所述混合动力传动系具有这种变速器装置，以便将配设有混合动力传动系的车辆从静止状态启动。
背景技术
机动车的混合动力传动系在近几年变得流行。混合动力传动系在此能够以不同的方式和方法实现。
一个实例是所谓的串联式混合动力传动系，其中内燃机的输出端与发电机连接，其中混合动力传动系的从动机构与电动机连接，并且其中发动机和发电机连接到共同的蓄电池上。
并联式混合动力传动系此外不仅能够将内燃机驱动功率而且能够将电动机驱动功率传递到从动机构上。在此，在一些情况下(所谓的P1混合动力传动系)电机围绕曲轴设置，并且曲轴经由启动离合器可与从动机构连接，而且通常经由多挡变速器。
还已知的是，在这种设计方案中，在电机和内燃机之间设有另外的离合器(P2动力传动系)。
如下混合动力传动系也是通常已知的(axle-split分轴)，其中内燃机驱动车辆的一个车轴并且电机驱动车辆的另一车轴。
此外，已知具有双离合变速器的并联式混合动力传动系，其中电机可以连接到子变速器之一的输入端上，或者可以与双离合变速器的输出端连接。
最后，已知所谓的功率分支式混合动力传动系，其中设有叠加式变速器，所述叠加式变速器用于负载分配。在这种情况下，通常内燃机与这种叠加式变速器的一个部件连接。主要用作发动机的电机与这种叠加式变速器的另外的部件连接。此外，在多种情况下，发电机与这种叠加式变速器的另外的部件连接。
还已知具有多个这种叠加式齿轮组的混合动力传动系。
文件DE 10 2010 030 567 A1公开了一种机动车的混合动力驱动器，其具有带有驱动轴的内燃机，带有转子的可作为发动机和作为发电机运行的电机和带有两个输入轴以及一个共同的输出轴的多级换挡变速器。在所述混合动力驱动器中提出，两个输入轴同轴地且轴向彼此相邻地设置以及经由切换离合器可直接彼此耦联。还提出，两个输入轴中的一个分为与相关的驱动机组连接的或可连接的轴向靠外的轴部段以及承载相关联的挡位齿轮组的驱动齿轮并且可与另一输入轴耦联的轴向靠内的轴部段。还提出，设有具有两个输入元件和一个输出元件的叠加式变速器，其输入元件抗扭地与两个轴部段中的各一个连接，其输出元件抗扭地与相关联的启动-挡位齿轮组的驱动齿轮连接或可连接，其中叠加式变速器自身可经由设置在两个输入元件之间的分接离合器锁住。
文件DE 10 2010 046 766 A1公开了一种具有变速器单元的混合动力驱动设备，所述变速器单元具有至少一个第一和第二在力流中并联的子变速器单元，所述子变速器单元分别设计用于切换至少一个变速器挡位。联接单元直接与第一子变速器单元连接。联接单元还直接与第二子变速器单元连接。
发明内容
在上述背景下，本发明的一个目的是，提出一种用于混合动力传动系的改进的变速器装置以及一种用于运行混合动力传动系的改进的方法。
上述目的通过一种用于混合动力传动系的变速器装置实现，所述变速器装置具有：可与第一驱动机械连接的变速器输入轴；至少一个变速器输出轴；至少一个能借助于切换离合器切换的挡位齿轮组，所述挡位齿轮组将变速器输入轴和变速器输出轴连接，以便设定挡位；叠加式齿轮组，其具有第一输入部件、第二输入部件和输出部件；和可与第二驱动机械连接的机械部件，其中机械部件与叠加式齿轮组的一个部件连接，其中变速器输入轴经由可切换的桥式离合器与叠加式齿轮组的另外的部件连接，其中叠加式齿轮组的两个部件能够借助于锁止离合器彼此连接，并且其中桥式离合器和锁止离合器集成到耦联-切换离合器装置中。
此外，上述目的通过一种用于运行混合动力传动系的方法实现，所述混合动力传动系具有根据本发明的类型的变速器装置，并且其中所述方法用于将配设有混合动力传动系的车辆从静止状态中启动，所述方法具有如下步骤：断开锁止离合器并且闭合桥式离合器；将第一驱动机械的驱动功率传递到变速器输入轴上，使得与机械部件连接的输入部件根据叠加式齿轮组的与变速器输入轴连接的部件的转速转动并且输出部件静止；以及提高由第二驱动机械提供的扭矩，使得叠加式齿轮组的输出部件开始转动并且车辆启动。
上述目的还通过一种用于运行混合动力传动系的方法实现，所述混合动力传动系具有根据本发明的类型的变速器装置，其中以如下状态为出发点，其中(i)驱动功率不仅由第一驱动机械而且由第二驱动机械提供并且传递到所述变速器输出轴上，其中(ii)锁止离合器(BL)和/或桥式离合器闭合，以及其中(iii)第一驱动机械的驱动功率或第二驱动机械的驱动功率经由闭合的锁止离合器和/或经由闭合的桥式离合器引导，在耦联-切换离合器装置处的切换过程之前执行如下步骤：减少由一个驱动机械提供的扭矩并且相应地提高由另外的驱动机械提供的扭矩，以便减少经由闭合的锁止离合器和/或经由闭合的桥式离合器传递的扭矩。
根据本发明的变速器装置能够实现混合动力传动系的紧凑的实施方案。此外，在轴向结构长度相对较短时，可实现多个挡位和运行模式。
变速器装置尤其适合于装入以前置横向结构方式的混合动力传动系。
变速器输入轴要么可以抗扭地与第一驱动机械连接，尤其与内燃机的曲轴连接。然而优选地，变速器输入轴经由驱动离合器可与第一驱动机械连接。
变速器装置具有一个或两个变速器输出轴。特别优选地，变速器装置具有刚好一个变速器输出轴，所述变速器输出轴与变速器输入轴平行错开地定向。
一个挡位齿轮组或多个挡位齿轮组优选分别包含空套齿轮和固定齿轮，所述空套齿轮和固定齿轮彼此接合或者说直接彼此啮合。所述齿轮中的一个齿轮在此设置在变速器输入轴上，另外的齿轮设置在变速器输出轴上。
叠加式齿轮组优选是简单的行星齿轮组。叠加式齿轮组优选与变速器输入轴同轴地设置。
机械部件优选是轴部段，所述轴部段与变速器输入轴同轴地设置并且关于变速器输入轴可转动地支承。机械部件在此优选经由正齿轮组与第二驱动机械连接，其中所述第二驱动机械优选是电机，所述电机可作为发动机或作为发电机运行。
第二驱动机械优选设置为，使得其轴向地与叠加式齿轮组和/或轴向地与可切换的挡位齿轮组重叠。这还有助于短的轴向结构方式。
机械部件优选与叠加式齿轮组的第一输入部件连接。
变速器输入轴优选经由可切换的桥式离合器与叠加式齿轮组的第二输入部件连接。
叠加式齿轮组的可借助于锁止离合器彼此连接的两个部件优选是叠加式齿轮组的输出部件和输入部件中的一个，优选是第二输入部件。
集成到耦联-切换离合器组件中的桥式离合器和锁止离合器优选可借助于单个换挡部件如换挡拨叉或换挡摇杆操纵。尤其，耦联-切换离合器组件优选具有换挡套筒，所述换挡套筒可轴向操纵，以便切换桥式离合器和锁止离合器。
变速器装置能够实现多个运行模式，包含驻车锁止机构闭锁装置，而不设有单独的驻车锁止齿轮。
此外可实现空挡状态，使得例如可设定正常运行，尤其在静止状态中的蓄电池充电，其中内燃发动机的功率驱动作为发电机运行的机械。
优选地，借助于第一驱动机械可设定至少两个前进挡位，尤其三个前进挡位。
经由叠加式齿轮组可以将第一驱动机械的驱动功率和第二驱动机械的驱动功率叠加并且合计，以便将其共同地传递到从动机构上。
还优选地提出，与输入轴关联有两个前进挡位，所述前进挡位不直接相邻。优选地，这两个前进挡位可交替地切换。
位于这些挡位之间的另一前进挡位(例如在挡位1和3之间的挡位2)随后尤其可以在桥式离合器闭合时被使用。
通过所述挡位划分也可能的是，在两个驱动机械中的仅一个运行时可以实施挡位变换，使得通过提供另外的驱动机械的驱动功率可以补偿可能产生的牵引力中断(“torquefill(扭矩填充)”)。因此，至少可以牵引力无中断地实施多次挡位变换，或者至少以仅少量的牵引力扰动。
配设有根据本发明的变速器装置的混合动力传动系能够实现仅借助于第一驱动机械的驱动和仅借助于第二驱动机械的驱动，即例如纯内燃机的驱动和纯电动机的驱动。
由于叠加式变速器和将第一驱动机械与第二驱动机械经由叠加式齿轮组连接的可能性，在所述齿轮组的两个部件不锁住的情况下(断开的锁止离合器)，还能够实现电动变速器(EVT)的运行方式，所述运行方式能够实现启动过程，而不为摩擦离合器加负荷。
驱动离合器，只要存在，在此可以构成为爪式离合器。
换挡离合器也可以包含切换离合器，所述切换离合器实现为爪式离合器。
桥式离合器和/或锁止离合器必要时可以实现为爪式离合器。
因为在根据本发明的变速器装置中通常可能的是，第一驱动机械和第二驱动机械的转速相互适应，所以这些离合器必要时不必构成为同步切换离合器，相反在这种切换离合器处的切换过程的同步可以通过转速的相互适应来实现，尤其通过调节电机的转速。借助于根据本发明的变速器装置必要时混合式运行也是可能的(“intermed”)，其中驱动功率例如经由换挡离合器传递，然而同时发生在叠加式齿轮组中的驱动功率的叠加。
总的来说，可实现根据本发明的变速器装置，使得在没有较强的驱动机械的牵引力损失的情况下可以进行挡位之间的挡位变换，而在这种情况下不必使用力配合的切换元件。
在根据本发明的方法中，其中由一个驱动机械提供的扭矩减小并且由另外的驱动机械提供的扭矩相应地提高，可以有针对性地将变速器装置的闭合的切换离合器卸荷，以便可以更容易地断开所述切换离合器。
切换离合器在此可以是耦联-切换离合器装置的部分。
如上文所提及，混合运行是可能的，其通常与挡位齿轮组的挡位的传动比关联。从这种混合运行中可以实现任意其他前进挡位。因此，优选任何其他切换可以得到支持。
第一和第二驱动机械可以是明显不同强的。
优选地，第二驱动机械的最大输出功率小于第一驱动机械的最大输出功率。第二驱动机械的最大输出功率与第一驱动机械的最大输出功率的比优选在1:4至1:1.2的范围内，尤其在1:3至1:1.5的范围内。
所述目的完全被实现。
在一个优选实施方式中，耦联-切换离合器装置具有两个操纵部件，以便可以彼此独立地操纵锁止离合器和桥式离合器。
操纵部件尤其可以是换挡套筒，所述换挡套筒例如借助于相应的换挡拨叉或换挡摇杆可在变速器装置之内轴向地移动。
锁止离合器以及桥式离合器优选分别具有两个切换位置，即断开的和闭合的位置。
根据一个替选的实施方式，耦联-切换离合器装置具有用于操纵桥式离合器和锁止离合器的单个操纵部件，其中耦联-切换离合器装置具有第一切换位置和第二切换位置，在所述第一切换位置中锁止离合器闭合，在所述第二切换位置中桥式离合器闭合。
优选地，耦联-切换离合器装置在本实施方式中具有第三切换位置，在所述第三切换位置中锁止离合器和桥式离合器两者都闭合。
在一个如另一替选方案中，一个或多个操纵部件优选在单个引导套筒(也称作为同步体)上可轴向移动，然而与其抗扭地连接。引导套筒在此刚性地与轴连接，在所述轴上设置有耦联-切换离合器装置。
操纵部件优选是换挡套筒，所述换挡套筒借助于相应的换挡拨叉或换挡摇杆可轴向移动。
在第一替选方案中可考虑的是，两个离合器，即锁止离合器和桥式离合器是断开的。然而所述状态通常在变速器装置中是必要的。在第二替选方案中，耦联-切换离合器装置优选仅具有三个切换位置，并且不能实现同时断开桥式离合器和锁止离合器。
在第二替选方案的第一切换位置中，桥式离合器优选断开。在第二切换位置中，锁止离合器优选断开。
刚好具有三个切换位置的耦联-切换离合器装置的实现方式可结构上相对简单地实现。
总的来说还优选的是，叠加式齿轮组的输出部件经由耦联齿轮组与变速器输出轴可连接或连接。
耦联齿轮组优选同样具有两个齿轮，其中一个齿轮与叠加式齿轮组同轴地支承，并且其中另一齿轮与变速器输出轴同轴地支承。所述齿轮形成彼此接合。通过耦联齿轮组实现的传动比优选是匹配于至少一个挡位的传动比，所述挡位可经由可切换的挡位齿轮组设定，所述挡位齿轮组将变速器输入轴和变速器输出轴连接。
根据另一总的来说优选的实施方式，叠加式齿轮组的输出部件经由耦联齿轮组与变速器输出轴可连接或连接，并且耦联齿轮组具有第一空套齿轮，所述第一空套齿轮可转动地支承在耦联轴上，所述耦联轴与叠加式齿轮组的输出部件固定连接，和/或耦联齿轮组具有第二空套齿轮，所述第二空套齿轮可转动地支承在变速器输出轴上。
特别优选的是，耦联齿轮组不仅具有第一空套齿轮而且具有第二空套齿轮，使得即使在第二空套齿轮经由相关联的切换离合器与变速器输出轴连接的状态下，耦联轴必要时仍可以是自由转动的，即当在第一空套齿轮与耦联轴脱耦时。
借助于耦联齿轮组设定的挡位优选位于可由挡位齿轮组设定的挡位之间，所述挡位齿轮组将变速器输入轴和变速器输出轴连接。
还有利的是，沿轴向方向在叠加式齿轮组和耦联-切换离合器装置之间设置有至少一个耦联齿轮组。
优选地，叠加式齿轮组的输出部件经由刚好一个耦联齿轮组与变速器输出轴连接。
总的来说，可以实现轴向紧凑的结构方式。
还有利的是，机械部件与第二驱动机械在叠加式齿轮组的轴向侧上可连接，所述轴向侧与第一挡位齿轮组和/或桥式离合器和/或锁止离合器相对置。
由此可能的是，机械部件以不同的方式和方法与第二驱动机械连接。
特别优选的是，机械部件与机械齿轮组的一个齿轮连接，经由该机械齿轮组第二驱动机械可与机械部件连接。
机械齿轮组优选是正齿轮组，使得第二驱动机械可以与叠加式齿轮组和/或与耦联齿轮组和/或与挡位齿轮组重叠地设置。
经由这种机械齿轮组还能设定在第二驱动机械和机械部件之间的高传动比，使得电机可以高转速运行，使得电机可紧凑地构成。
根据另一总的来说优选的实施方式，变速器输入轴和变速器输出轴经由刚好两个挡位齿轮组彼此连接，经由所述挡位齿轮组分别可设定用于第一驱动机械的直接挡位。
如提到的，耦联齿轮组可以用于设定用于第一驱动机械的挡位，所述挡位位于直接挡位之间。借助于耦联齿轮组可切换的挡位在此优选经由操纵两个切换离合器可切换，优选通过闭合锁止离合器和切换离合器，所述切换离合器与耦联齿轮组相关联。
如提到的，第一驱动机械可以刚性地与变速器输入轴连接。然而，优选的是，第一驱动机械经由驱动离合器与变速器输入轴可连接。
总的来说还有利的是，第一输入部件是叠加式齿轮组的齿圈，和/或第二输入部件是叠加式齿轮组的太阳轮，和/或输出部件是叠加式齿轮组的行星架。
这能够实现紧凑的结构方式。
根据另一优选的实施方式，机械部件与叠加式齿轮组的齿圈连接，其中叠加式齿轮组的太阳轮经由桥式离合器与变速器输入轴可连接。
所述措施也造成特别紧凑的且可变的结构方式。
在此有利的是，行星架在朝向桥式离合器的轴向侧上与耦联齿轮组连接，所述耦联齿轮组将行星架与变速器输出轴连接。
在用于运行混合动力传动系的方法中，其中减少一个驱动机械的扭矩并且相应地提高另外的驱动机械的扭矩，以便减少经由闭合的锁止离合器和/或经由闭合的桥式离合器传递的扭矩，特别优选的是，一旦经由闭合的锁止离合器和/或经由闭合的桥式离合器传递的扭矩低于阈值，那么在减少经由闭合的锁止离合器和/或经由闭合的桥式离合器传递的扭矩之后执行切换过程。
此外，在这种情况下尤其有利的是，切换过程包含断开耦联-切换离合器装置的切换离合器。
此外，在这种情况下尤其有利的是，当减少所述第一驱动机械的扭矩并且提高另外的驱动机械的扭矩时，所述第一驱动机械的转速和第二驱动机械的转速的比保持恒定。
在根据本发明的变速器装置中，在一些情况下，其中经由桥式离合器和/或经由锁止离合器传递扭矩，困难的是，终止相应的离合器的所述闭合状态，即断开离合器。这在于离合器的轴向齿部的安置，或者简单地仅在于特别高的扭矩，所述扭矩沿轴向方向形成相应的摩擦力。
为了减少磨损并且为了可以安全地实现断开相应的离合器，执行根据本发明的方法，其中减少对于施加在桥式离合器和/或锁止离合器上的扭矩负责的那个驱动机械的扭矩。
为了同时避免牵引力扰动，提高另外的驱动机械的扭矩。优选地，另外的驱动机械的所述扭矩的提高不具有对锁止离合器和/或桥式离合器的扭矩提高的影响。
在耦联-切换装置具有两个操纵部件以便可以彼此独立地操纵锁止离合器和桥式离合器的实施方式中，优选可行的是，在切换过程中移动仅一个无负荷的切换离合器部分。据此，优选得到对用于切换耦联-切换离合器装置的力的较低要求。此外，必要时可以避免或减小由于在负荷下进行切换而引起的滞后。
此外，可以更容易地确保在切换之后在换挡拨叉和换挡套筒之间的小的间隙。总的来说，可以更容易地控制切换过程。
不言而喻，上文提到的和下文还要阐述的特征不仅以分别给出的组合形式，而且也以其他组合形式或以单独形式可应用，而不会脱离本发明的保护范围。
附图说明
本发明的实施例在附图中示出并且在下文中详细阐述。附图示出：
图1示出具有根据本发明的变速器装置的第一实施方式的机动车动力传动系的示意图，其中动力传动系设计用于执行根据本发明的方法。
图2示出在三种不同的切换位置中的耦联-切换离合器装置的示图；
图3示出具有根据本发明的变速器装置的另一实施方式的另外的混合动力传动系的示意图；
图4示出具有根据本发明的变速器装置的另一实施方式的混合动力传动系的示意图；
图5示出具有根据本发明的变速器装置的另一实施方式的混合动力传动系的示意图；
图6示出切换表格，其具有图1的变速器装置的不同状态或挡位并且具有在这种情况下按照需要切换的切换离合器；
图7示出在图1的变速器装置的状态E1下的功率流；
图8示出在图1的变速器装置中的状态ICE1&E1下的功率流；
图9示出在图1的变速器装置中的状态ICE1下的功率流；
图10示出在图1的变速器装置中的状态ICE1&E2下的功率流；
图11示出在图1的变速器装置中的状态ICE2&E2下的功率流；
图12示出在图1的变速器装置中的状态EVT2下的功率流；
图13示出在图1的变速器装置中的状态Intermed 2，1下的功率流；
图14示出在三种不同切换位置中的耦联-切换离合器装置的替选的实施方式的相应的示图；以及
图15示出与图6相对应的切换表格，其具有基于图1和14的用于变速器装置的不同状态或挡位。
具体实施方式
在图1中以示意形式示出用于机动车的动力传动系并且总体用10表示。
动力传动系10具有呈内燃机12形式的第一驱动机械。内燃机12可以与启动器14连接。此外，构成为混合动力传动系的动力传动系10包含呈电机形式的第二驱动机械16。
动力传动系10还具有变速器装置18，所述变速器装置与第一驱动机械12和与第二驱动机械16连接。在输出端侧，变速器装置18与差速器20连接，借助于所述差速器可将驱动功率分配到被驱动的车轮22L、22R上。
变速器装置18具有变速器输入轴26。此外，惯性飞轮32的输入部件28与第一驱动机械12的曲轴连接。惯性飞轮32的输出部件30经由可以构成为爪式离合器的离合器K0与变速器输入轴26连接。
第一驱动机械12与变速器输入轴26同轴地设置。所述第一驱动机械然而也可以经由正齿轮装置与变速器输入轴26连接。
变速器装置18还具有变速器输出轴34，所述变速器输出轴与变速器输入轴26平行错开地定向。
在变速器输出轴34上固定有从动齿轮36，所述从动齿轮与差速器齿轮38接合，所述差速器齿轮与差速器20的差速器壳抗扭地连接。
变速器输入轴26和变速器输出轴34经由第一挡位齿轮组14彼此连接，所述第一挡位齿轮组包含支承在变速器输入轴26上的空套齿轮42和与变速器输出轴34连接的固定齿轮44。第一挡位齿轮组与前进挡位1相关联，所述前进挡位形成变速器装置18的最低的前进挡位。
变速器输入轴26还经由第二挡位齿轮组46与变速器输出轴34连接，其中第二挡位齿轮组46具有可转动地支承在变速器输入轴26上的空套齿轮48以及固定在变速器输出轴34上的固定齿轮50。
空套齿轮42优选与固定齿轮44啮合。空套齿轮48优选与固定齿轮50啮合。
沿轴向方向在第一挡位齿轮组40和第二挡位齿轮组46之间设置有切换离合器组件K1，所述切换离合器组件包含两个切换离合器。借助于切换离合器组件K1可以将变速器输入轴26替选地经由第一挡位齿轮组40或经由第二挡位齿轮组46与变速器输出轴46连接。
术语连接应当在此意味着，经由所述连接可以传递驱动功率。因此连接可以是可能的(例如可经由切换离合器建立的)连接，然而也可以是例如使所连接的部件置于固定的转速比的连接。
在驱动离合器K0闭合时，可以借助于第一挡位齿轮组40设定内燃机的运行，其中挂入前进挡位1。替选地，可以经由离合器K0设定借助于第一驱动机械12的行驶运行，其中第二挡位齿轮组46被切换到功率流中，以便挂入前进挡位3。
在变速器输入轴26上可转动地支承耦联轴54，所述耦联轴构成为围绕变速器输入轴26的空心轴。
变速器输入轴26经由桥式离合器BR(参见图2)可与耦联轴54连接。
在耦联轴54上可转动地支承耦联齿轮组56的第一空套齿轮58。耦联齿轮组56还具有第二空套齿轮60，所述第二空套齿轮可转动地支承在变速器输出轴34上。
第一空套齿轮58借助于锁止离合器BL与耦联轴54可连接。第二空套齿轮60借助于切换离合器K2与变速器输出轴34可连接。
桥式离合器BR和锁止离合器BL集成在耦联-切换离合器装置K4中，所述耦联-切换离合器，如其在图2中所示，具有三个切换位置并且借助于单个操纵部件如单个换挡套筒可操纵。
在第一切换位置K4(L)中，锁止离合器BL闭合并且桥式离合器BR断开。
在轴向相对置的切换位置K4(R)中，桥式离合器BR闭合并且锁止离合器BL断开。
此外，借助于耦联-切换离合器装置K4可以设定中间的切换位置K4(M)。在中间的切换位置K4(M)中，不仅锁止离合器BL而且桥式离合器BR也闭合。
耦联-切换离合器装置K4与变速器输入轴26同轴地设置。切换离合器K2与变速器输出轴34同轴地设置。
耦联-切换离合器装置K4和切换离合器K2轴向地彼此定向。所述耦联-切换离合器装置和切换离合器两者都沿轴向方向位于第二挡位齿轮组46和耦联齿轮组56之间。
变速器装置18还包含叠加式齿轮组64。
叠加式齿轮组64具有呈齿圈形式的第一输入部件66。第一输入部件66与机械部件68连接，所述机械部件构成为围绕变速器输入轴26的空心轴部段并且关于变速器输入轴26是可转动的。
机械部件68经由机械齿轮组70与第二驱动机械16连接。机械齿轮组70具有第一齿轮72，所述第一齿轮抗扭地与机械部件68连接而且与其同轴。机械齿轮组70还包含第二齿轮74，所述第二齿轮与第一齿轮72接合。第二齿轮74与第二驱动机械16的驱动小齿轮76接合。
第二齿轮74可转动地支承在中间轴78上，所述中间轴与变速器输入轴26同轴错开地定向并且优选也与变速器输出轴34同轴错开地定向。
第二驱动机械16具有机械轴80，所述机械轴与驱动小齿轮76同轴地定向并且与其抗扭地连接。机械轴80关于变速器输入轴26以及变速器输出轴34平行错开。
机械部件68在叠加式齿轮组64的轴向侧上与第一输入部件66连接，所述轴向侧与耦联齿轮组56相对置。换言之，叠加式齿轮组64沿轴向方向设置在耦联齿轮组56和机械齿轮组70之间。
叠加式齿轮组64还具有第二输入部件82，所述第二输入部件在此由太阳轮形成。第二输入部件82抗扭地与耦联轴54连接。
叠加式齿轮组64还具有输出部件84，所述输出部件在此构成为行星架。行星架抗扭地与耦联齿轮组56的第一空套齿轮58连接。
在图3至5中示出动力传动系10’、10”、10”’的其他实施方式，所述动力传动系分别具有变速器装置18’、18”或18”’。图3至5的变速器装置18’、18”或18”’在构造和工作原理方面总的来说对应于图1的变速器装置18。因此，相同的元件用相同的附图标记表示。下面主要阐述区别。
图3示出变速器装置18’，其中第一挡位齿轮组40’用于设定前进挡位2。第一挡位齿轮组40’在此与图1的实施方式不同，具有空套齿轮代替固定齿轮44，其中第一挡位齿轮组40’的空套齿轮借助于切换离合器K3与变速器输出轴34可连接。
第二挡位齿轮组46’如在图1的实施方式中那样与前进挡位3相关联。
叠加式齿轮组64’具有呈太阳轮形式的输入部件66’，所述输入部件抗扭地与机械部件68连接。叠加式齿轮组64’还具有呈齿圈形式的第二输入部件82’，所述第二输入部件在此与耦联轴54’连接，所述耦联轴构成为与变速器输入轴26同轴的内部轴。
耦联齿轮组56’与前进挡位1相关联并且具有空套齿轮，所述空套齿轮可转动地支承在耦联轴54’上。
耦联齿轮组56’的可转动地支承在耦联轴54’上的空套齿轮抗扭地与叠加式齿轮组64’的输出部件84’连接，其中输出部件84’在此构成为行星架。行星架82’在此在背离耦联齿轮组56’的轴向侧上从叠加式齿轮组64’中轴向地延伸出来并且在径向外侧围绕空心轮82’形成输出端驱动器壳，所述输出端驱动器壳抗扭地与耦联齿轮组56’的空套齿轮58连接。
耦联-切换离合器组件K4可以，如在图1和2的实施方式中那样，包含三个切换位置。对此替选地，耦联-切换离合器装置K4也可以包含仅两个切换位置，使得要么桥式离合器BR闭合以便将变速器输入轴26与耦联轴54’连接，要么仅锁止离合器BL闭合以便将耦联齿轮组56’的支承在耦联轴54’上的空套齿轮与耦联轴54’抗扭地连接，进而将叠加式齿轮组54’的两个部件82’、84’彼此连接。
图4中示出的变速器装置18”在其构造方面总体上对应于图1的变速器装置18。
与此不同，耦联轴54’又构成为内部轴并且与变速器输入轴26同轴地定向。在耦联轴54’上可转动地支承有耦联齿轮组56”的空套齿轮58，所述空套齿轮又如在图3的实施方式中那样与叠加式齿轮组54’的行星架84’连接，所述叠加式齿轮组在其构造和工作原理方面对应于图3的叠加式齿轮组64’。换言之，呈太阳轮形式的第一输入部件66与机械部件68连接。
在图5的变速器装置18”’中，代替单个变速器输出轴34设有由第一变速器输出轴34a和第二变速器输出轴34b构成的输出轴装置。两个变速器输出轴34a、34b分别具有从动齿轮36a或36b，所述从动齿轮两者都与差速器齿轮38接合。
第一挡位齿轮组40”’具有与变速器输入轴26抗扭地连接的固定齿轮，所述固定齿轮一方面与在第一变速器输出轴34a上的空套齿轮接合，并且另一方面与可转动地支承在第二变速器输出轴34b上的空套齿轮接合。
第一挡位齿轮组40”’的支承在变速器输出轴34a上的空套齿轮与前进挡位2相关联并且借助于与变速器输出轴34a同轴设置的切换离合器K1a与变速器输出轴34a可连接。
支承在第二变速器输出轴34b上的空套齿轮与前进挡位4相关联并且借助于与其同轴设置的切换离合器K1b与第二变速器输出轴34b可连接。
如在图3和4的实施方式中，耦联轴54’作为内部轴与变速器输入轴26同轴地设置。此外，变速器装置18”’包含图3和4的相同的叠加式齿轮组64’，其中齿圈82’抗扭地与耦联轴54’连接并且其中太阳轮66’抗扭地与机械部件68连接。行星架84’抗扭地与空心轴部段连接，所述空心轴部段围绕耦联轴54’同轴地设置并且关于其可转动地支承。
空心轴部段经由第一耦联齿轮组56a”’和经由第二耦联齿轮组56b”’与变速器输出轴34a连接。
更准确地说，在空心轴部段上围绕耦联轴54’固定有两个固定齿轮58a”’、58b”’。一个固定齿轮与第一耦联齿轮组56a”’相关联并且与在变速器输出轴34a上的空套齿轮58a”’接合，其中第一耦联齿轮组56a”’与前进挡位1相关联。
以相应的方式，空心轴部段的另一固定齿轮58b”’与用于前进挡位3的空套齿轮56b”’接合，所述空套齿轮可转动地支承在变速器输出轴34a上。
在用于前进挡位1和3的空套齿轮56a”’、56b”’之间设置有切换离合器组件K2”’，所述切换离合器组件具有两个切换离合器，以便交替地将第一耦联齿轮组56a”’与第二耦联齿轮组56b”’带入功率流中。
在图4和5中，耦联-切换离合器装置K4可以如在图1中类似地构造，然而也可以包含仅两个切换位置，如在图3的实施方式中那样。
在图6中示出用于图1和2的变速器装置18的切换表格。
用于变速器装置18的切换表格以不同的行示出不同的状态。在相关的列中分别示出离合器K0、K1(3)、K1(1)、K2、K4(L)、K4(M)和K4(R)的断开或闭合状态。“X”表示，相应的切换离合器闭合。如果切换表格没有示出条目，那么相关的切换离合器要么断开，要么在一些情况下其是否断开也可以是无所谓的，这从相应的总体关联性中得出。
第一状态(“state”)是驻车锁止状态(“pack lock”)。在这种情况下，切换离合器K1(1)闭合。切换离合器K2闭合并且耦联-切换离合器装置K4处于切换位置K4(M)中。
由此，变速器装置18整体上通过设定前进挡位1和2的两种不同的传动比被锁止，以便以这种方式设定驻车锁止状态。
驱动离合器K0在此可以是断开的，然而也可以是闭合的。
在图6的切换表格中还示出状态“N”，其中涉及空挡状态。在这种情况下，驱动离合器K0闭合，并且耦联-切换离合器装置处于切换位置K4(M)中。
因此，内燃机12的驱动功率必要时经由驱动离合器K0传递到变速器输入轴26上，并且经由耦联-切换离合器装置K4传递到叠加式齿轮组64上。电机16优选处于空转状态或发电机状态中，并且必要时一起转动，因为锁止离合器BL闭合，并且桥式离合器BR同样闭合。
然而，因为离合器K1和离合器K2都不闭合，所以驱动功率没有传递到变速器输出轴34上。因此，所述状态用于停车充电。
图6的换挡表格的另一状态是状态E1，在电动机行驶运行中设定在前进挡位1中。在这种情况下，如其也在图7中所示，离合器K1(1)和K4(M)闭合。
由此，由于叠加式齿轮组64的锁止离合器BL闭合而得出从电机16经由机械齿轮组70、叠加式齿轮组64和变速器输入轴26朝向第一挡位齿轮组40的功率流，所述功率流由于切换离合器K1(1)闭合而将驱动功率传递到驱动齿轮36上。
图8示出状态ICE1&E1，其中电机16的驱动功率刚好经由第一挡位齿轮组40引导。然而此外不同于图7的状态，驱动离合器K0是闭合的，使得内燃机12(ICE、internalcombustion engine)也可以将驱动功率传递到第一挡位齿轮组40上。
图9示出状态ICE1，其中仅内燃机12提供驱动功率，而且经由第一挡位齿轮组40。
在这种情况下，耦联-切换离合器装置K4优选在切换位置K4(L)中，使得桥式离合器BR断开进而内燃机12的驱动功率不传递到耦联轴54上。因此可以避免拖曳损失。
图10示出状态ICE1&E2，其中内燃机12始终将驱动功率经由第一挡位齿轮组40朝向变速器输出轴34传递。
电机16同样产生驱动功率，所述驱动功率由于锁止离合器(K4(L))闭合而导入耦联齿轮组56中。在状态ICE2&E2中，离合器K2闭合，使得电机16的驱动功率传递到变速器输出轴34上进而传递至从动齿轮36。
图11示出状态ICE2&E2，其中离合器K1(1)再次断开。换而言之，耦联-切换离合器装置K4置于中间位置K4(M)中，使得内燃机12的驱动功率从现在起同样导入耦联轴54中，使得内燃机12的和电机16的驱动功率在耦联齿轮组56中相加并且在离合器K2闭合时被引导到变速器输出轴上。
在图12中示出状态EVT2，其中例如启动过程可以依照根据本发明的方法经由前进挡位2进行。
耦联-切换离合器装置K4位于切换位置K4(R)中，其中桥式离合器BR闭合，然而锁止离合器BL断开。这造成，内燃机12的驱动功率导入叠加式齿轮组64中。然而，如果电机16处于空转状态中，那么太阳轮82的转动不能够支撑在叠加式齿轮组64中，使得第一输入部件66一起转动，电机16因此无力地一起被牵引。
然而一旦电机16产生驱动力矩，那么开始进行启动过程，使得行星架84置于转动中并且由于切换离合器K2闭合而转换成变速器输出轴34的启动转速。
图13示出另一状态“Intermed 2，1”，其中耦联-切换离合器装置再次处于位置K4(R)中，锁止离合器BL因此断开。
与图12的状态EVT2不同，在这种情况下切换离合器K1(1)也闭合，使得进行功率流分配，一方面经由耦联齿轮组56并且另一方面经由第一挡位齿轮组40朝向变速器输出轴34进而朝向与其连接的从动齿轮36。
为了设定状态“Intermed 2，3”，离合器K1(1)断开，并且切换离合器K1(3)闭合。
图6的切换表格的其余状态以同样方式得出。
借助图1的变速器装置18因此可以设定两个纯内燃机的挡位1和3(ICE1、ICE3)。
此外，可以设定三个纯电动机的挡位(E1、E2和在图6中没有示出的E3，其中从行E1起代替切换离合器K1(1)，切换离合器K1(3)闭合)。
此外，可以将两个驱动机械12、16的输出功率合计，而且以不同于在ICE1&E1、ICE1&E2、ICE2&E2、ICE3&E2中所给出的方式和方法合计。
所有换挡在此是可能的，使得缺少的牵引力矩可以经由相应另外的驱动机械补偿。
此外，根据的电可变运行的类型可设定挡位(EVT2、Intermed 2，1、Intermed 2，3)。
在图14中示出耦联-切换离合器装置的另一实施方式，其在上述变速器装置和混合动力传动系中可代替图2的耦联-切换离合器装置K4来使用。
在图14中示出的耦联-切换离合器装置与图2的耦联-切换离合器装置的不同之处在于，耦联-切换离合器装置针对锁止离合器BL包含单个的切换离合器K4a并且针对桥式离合器BR包含单个的切换离合器K4b。两个切换离合器K4a、K4b中的每个分别关联有单个的操纵部件86a或86b。因此，可以彼此独立地操纵锁止离合器BL和桥式离合器BR。
在图14中在左侧示出如下状态，其中锁止离合器BL闭合，而桥式离合器BR断开。在图14的中间示图中示出如下状态，其中锁止离合器BL和桥式离合器BR闭合。在图14中的右侧示出如下状态，其中仅桥式离合器BR闭合，然而锁止离合器BL断开。
借助于图14中示出的耦联-切换离合器装置能实现与在图1的实施方式中相同的运行模式和功率流，该实施方式参照图6至13详细描述。
切换位置K4(L)在此对应于闭合的锁止离合器K4a。切换位置K4(R)对应于闭合的桥式离合器K4b。图1、2和6的耦联-切换离合器装置的中间切换位置K4(M)在此对应于锁止离合器K4a以及桥式离合器K4b的闭合状态。
因此，借助于代替图2的耦联-切换离合器装置K4而具有图14的耦联-切换离合器装置的变速器装置，能设定如在图15中示出的运行状态。可看出，可设定与在图6中所描述的实施方式中相同的运行状态。
此外，图15的运行状态中的一些也可在图6的实施方式中设定。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于混合动力传动系(10)的变速器装置(18)，具有：
-变速器输入轴(26)，其能够与第一驱动机械(12)连接；
-至少一个变速器输出轴(34)；
-至少一个能借助于切换离合器切换的挡位齿轮组(40，46)，所述挡位齿轮组将所述变速器输入轴(26)和所述变速器输出轴(34)连接，以便设定挡位(1，3)；
-叠加式齿轮组(64)，其具有第一输入部件(66)、第二输入部件(82)和输出部件(84)；和
-机械部件(68)，其能够与第二驱动机械(16)连接，
-其中所述机械部件(68)与所述叠加式齿轮组(64)的一个部件(66)连接，
-其中所述变速器输入轴(26)经由可切换的桥式离合器(BR)与所述叠加式齿轮组(64)的另外的部件连接，
-其中所述叠加式齿轮组(64)的两个部件(82，84)能够借助于锁止离合器(BL)彼此连接，
其特征在于，
所述桥式离合器(BR)和所述锁止离合器(BL)集成到耦联-切换离合器装置(K4；K4a，K4b)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器装置，其中所述耦联-切换离合器装置(K4a，K4b)具有两个操纵部件(86a，86b)，以便能够彼此独立地操纵所述锁止离合器(BL)和所述桥式离合器(BR)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的变速器装置，其中所述耦联-切换离合器装置(K4)具有用于操纵所述桥式离合器(BR)和所述锁止离合器(BL)的单个操纵部件(86)，其中所述耦联-切换离合器装置(K4)具有第一切换位置(K4(L))和第二切换位置(K4(R))，在所述第一切换位置中所述锁止离合器(BL)闭合，在所述第二切换位置中所述桥式离合器(BR)闭合，其中所述耦联-切换离合器装置(K4)优选具有第三切换位置(K4(M))，在所述第三切换位置中所述锁止离合器(BL)和所述桥式离合器(BR)两者都闭合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的变速器装置，其中所述叠加式齿轮组(64)的输出部件(84)经由耦联齿轮组(56)与所述变速器输出轴(34)连接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的变速器装置，其中所述叠加式齿轮组(64)的输出部件(84)经由耦联齿轮组(56)与所述变速器输出轴(34)连接，并且
-其中所述耦联齿轮组(56)具有第一空套齿轮(58)，所述第一空套齿轮可转动地支承在耦联轴(54)上，所述耦联轴与所述叠加式齿轮组(64)的输出部件(84)固定连接，和/或
-其中所述耦联齿轮组(56)具有第二空套齿轮(60)，所述第二空套齿轮可转动地支承在所述变速器输出轴(34)上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的变速器装置，其中沿轴向方向在所述叠加式齿轮组(64)和所述耦联-切换离合器组件(K4)之间设置有至少一个耦联齿轮组(56)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的变速器装置，其中所述机械部件(68)能够与所述第二驱动机械(16)在所述叠加式齿轮组(64)的轴向侧上连接，所述轴向侧与第一挡位齿轮组(40，46)和/或所述桥式离合器(BR)和/或所述锁止离合器(BL)相对置。
8.根据权利要求1所述的变速器装置，其中所述机械部件(68)与机械齿轮组(70)的齿轮(72)连接，经由所述机械齿轮组能够将所述第二驱动机械(16)与所述机械部件(68)连接。
9.根据权利要求1所述的变速器装置，其中所述变速器输入轴(26)和所述变速器输出轴(34)经由刚好两个挡位齿轮组(40，46)彼此连接，经由所述挡位齿轮组能够设定用于所述第一驱动机械(12)的直接挡位(1，3)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的变速器装置，其中所述第一驱动机械(12)与所述变速器输入轴(26)能够经由驱动离合器(K0)连接。
11.根据权利要求1所述的变速器装置，其中所述第一输入部件是所述叠加式齿轮组(64)的齿圈，和/或其中所述第二输入部件是所述叠加式齿轮组(64)的太阳轮(82)，和/或其中所述输出部件是所述叠加式齿轮组(64)的行星架(84)。
12.根据权利要求1所述的变速器装置，其中所述机械部件(68)与所述叠加式齿轮组(64)的齿圈(66)连接，并且其中所述叠加式齿轮组(64)的太阳轮(82)能够经由所述桥式离合器(BR)与所述变速器输入轴(26)连接。
13.根据权利要求12所述的变速器装置，其中所述行星架(84)在朝向所述桥式离合器(BR)的轴向侧上与耦联齿轮组(56)连接，所述耦联齿轮组将所述行星架(84)与所述变速器输出轴(34)连接。
14.一种用于运行混合动力传动系(10)的方法，所述混合动力传动系具有根据权利要求1所述的变速器装置(18)，以便使配设有所述混合动力传动系(10)的车辆从静止状态中启动，所述方法具有如下步骤：
-断开所述锁止离合器(BL)并且闭合所述桥式离合器(BR)；
-将所述第一驱动机械(12)的驱动功率传递到所述变速器输入轴(26)上，使得与所述机械部件(68)连接的输入部件(66)根据所述叠加式齿轮组(64)的与所述变速器输入轴(26)连接的部件(82)的转速转动，并且所述输出部件(84)静止；以及
-提高由所述第二驱动机械(16)提供的扭矩，使得所述叠加式齿轮组(64)的输出部件(84)开始转动，并且所述车辆启动。
15.一种用于驱动混合动力传动系(10)的方法，所述混合动力传动系具有根据权利要求1所述的变速器装置(18)，其中以如下状态为出发点，其中(i)驱动功率不仅由第一驱动机械(12)而且由第二驱动机械(16)提供并且传递到所述变速器输出轴(34)上，其中(ii)所述锁止离合器(BL)和/或所述桥式离合器(BR)闭合，以及其中(iii)所述第一驱动机械(12)的驱动功率或所述第二驱动机械(16)的驱动功率经由闭合的所述锁止离合器(BL)和/或经由闭合的所述桥式离合器(BR)引导，在耦联-切换离合器装置(K4；K4a，K4b)处的切换过程之前执行如下步骤：
减少由一个驱动机械提供的扭矩并且相应地提高由另外的驱动机械提供的扭矩，以便减少经由闭合的所述锁止离合器(BL)和/或经由闭合的桥式离合器(BR)传递的扭矩。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中一旦经由闭合的所述锁止离合器(BL)和/或经由闭合的所述桥式离合器(BR)传递的扭矩超过阈值，那么在减少经由闭合的所述锁止离合器(BL)和/或经由闭合的所述桥式离合器(BR)传递的扭矩之后执行所述切换过程。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述切换过程包含断开所述耦联-切换离合器装置(K4；K4a，K4b)的切换离合器。
18.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中当减少所述第一驱动机械的扭矩并且提高另外的驱动机械的扭矩时，所述第一驱动机械的转速和第二驱动机械的转速的比保持恒定。
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