CN115506147A - 一种多功能抗氧化金属导电织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多功能抗氧化金属导电织物及其制备方法,采用磁控溅射技术在织物表面镀覆纳米金属膜层制备导电织物,将纳米溶胶应用于导电织物表面金属膜层抗氧化整理,解决了织物上纳米金属膜层易氧化的问题,既保留原有的金属特性,又不影响织物的服用性能,而且提高了耐汗渍、水洗牢度,同时使织物具有防紫外、抗静电的功能性。本发明所采用的纳米溶胶涂层剂由TiO2纳米溶胶、LT‑101亲水硅油、甲酸钠配制而成,其中,二氧化钛纳米溶胶粒子具有极高的比表面能和极大的比表面积,容易形成三维网状结构,在织物金属膜层表面成膜,甲酸根在纳米金属表面可形成超薄配位钝化层,本发明充分发挥纳米溶胶涂层剂的自交联成膜作用,一浸一轧,即可在金属层上结成三维网状结构的薄膜,制备步骤简单,易于工业化实现。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功能性织物领域,特别是涉及一种多功能抗氧化金属导电织物及其制备方法。
背景技术
柔性可穿戴电子纺织品是将织物与导电材料结合,使传统织物具备一定的导电性能,同时保留着织物原有的服用性能,其融合了电子、织物、化学等多个领域的技术,柔性可穿戴电子纺织品在柔性传感、电磁屏蔽、抗静电等人体生理监测和防护领域具备广阔的应用前景,成为行业内的研究热点。在电子纺织品的发展中,导电织物的制备占据着重要位置,目前在导电织物制备的研究中,人们通常在织物表面涂覆导电纳米金属、导电高分子或碳材料,上述方法虽然使织物具备了一定的导电性,但是改变了原有的织物风格,降低了织物的柔软性,并且使织物透气性变差,因此,不适合长期穿着佩戴,而且纳米金属导电织物长期在空气、潮湿的环境或穿戴时遇到汗液,容易氧化变色,其金属特性下降,不耐腐蚀。因此,在保证金属导电织物具有柔性、服用性、可裁剪等性能的同时,是否能确保其独特的金属性能具有持久性,解决纳米金属面料易氧化变色问题,成为影响金属导电织物应用和发展的重要问题。本发明旨在提出一种多功能抗氧化金属导电织物及其制备方法,解决或者部分解决上述技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有的金属膜层导电织物容易氧化变色的缺陷,提供一种多功能抗氧化金属导电织物及其制备方法,有效提高金属织物的抗氧化性能、耐腐蚀性能,本发明中的金属导电织物能够保持织物原有的透气性、柔性、可拉伸性等风格,同时具有防紫外、抗静电的功能性,织物制备工艺简单,具备更好的抗氧化性和耐腐蚀性。
第一方面,本发明提出的多功能抗氧化金属导电织物,包括:基材,所述的基材表面镀覆纳米金属;所述的纳米金属表面覆盖有纳米溶胶膜层;所述的纳米溶胶膜层包含TiO2和甲酸钠;所述的纳米溶胶膜层用于抑制纳米金属氧化及腐蚀。
第二方面,本发明提出的用于制备第一方面涉及的多功能抗氧化导电织物的方法主要包括:
步骤一:纳米金属镀覆;
采用磁控溅射技术在织物上镀覆纳米金属,膜层均匀致密,结合力强,使用卷绕式磁控溅射机进行镀覆,在直流溅射模式下,进行单个或者两个金属靶材合金溅射,完成纳米金属镀覆;
步骤二:抗氧化整理;
通过纳米溶胶涂层技术,使用环保纳米溶胶应用于织物表面金属膜层抗氧化整理,所使用的纳米溶胶包括二氧化钛纳米溶胶,改性氨基硅油,甲酸钠溶液三种组分,通过浸轧,在织物金属膜层表面成膜。
有益效果:(1)本发明采用纳米溶胶应用于导电织物表面金属膜层抗氧化整理,纳米溶胶自交联在金属膜层表面,解决了织物上纳米金属膜层易氧化的问题,同时既保留原有的金属特性,又不影响织物的服用性能,而且提高了耐汗渍、水洗牢度,同时使导电织物具有防紫外、抗静电的功能性。
(2)本发明工艺简单,所采用的纳米溶胶涂层剂由TiO2纳米溶胶、LT-101 亲水硅油、甲酸钠配制而成,其中,二氧化钛纳米溶胶粒子具有极高的比表面能和极大的比表面积,容易形成三维网状结构,在织物金属膜层表面成膜,甲酸根在纳米金属表面可形成超薄配位钝化层,本发明充分发挥纳米溶胶自交联作用,通过浸轧工艺处理,一浸一轧,即可在金属层上结成三维网状结构的薄膜,制备步骤简单,易于工业化实现。
(3)本发明能够极大的提高导电织物的综合性能。银、铜膜层在含有甲酸钠的溶剂中热处理,能够在金属膜的表面形成超薄的配位层,有效钝化纳米金属,提高导电织物在空气、汗液、盐雾的抗氧化性能;二氧化钛纳米溶胶粒子紫外线屏蔽能力强,能够提高织物的抗紫外线能力;改性氨基硅油具有良好的亲水性和柔软效果,能够改善织物的亲肤性能。
附图说明
(1)图1为实施例1中的工艺流程图。
(2)图2为柔性织物的宏观实物照片。(a)为未经过处理的原织物;(b) 经过磁控溅射法镀覆银、铜的导电织物,其柔软性好。
(3)图3为磁控溅射在春亚纺涤纶织物上镀覆金属银、铜前后的扫描电镜图片。(a)原织物的扫描电镜图片;(b)磁控溅射镀银织物的扫描电镜图片; (c)磁控溅射镀铜织物的扫描电镜图片;(d)磁控溅射镀银-铜合金织物的扫描电镜图片。
(4)图4为纳米溶胶涂层整理之后金属导电织物的扫描电镜图片,表明在金属层表面形成低分子溶胶膜层。
(5)图5为镀铜织物Na2S加速腐蚀宏观实物图片。(a)镀铜织物原样; (b)未经过纳米溶胶整理,Na2S加速腐蚀后镀铜织物图片;(c)经过纳米溶胶整理后,Na2S加速腐蚀后镀铜织物图片。
(6)图6为镀银织物Na2S加速腐蚀宏观实物图片。(a)镀银织物原样; (b)未经过纳米溶胶整理,Na2S加速腐蚀后镀银织物图片;(c)经过纳米溶胶整理后,Na2S加速腐蚀后镀银织物图片。
(7)图7为镀银织物模拟汗液加速氧化宏观实物图片。(a)镀银织物原样;(b)未经过纳米溶胶整理,模拟汗液加速氧化后镀银织物图片;(c)经过纳米溶胶整理后,模拟汗液加速氧化后镀银织物图片。
(8)图8镀银织物耐皂洗牢度测试宏观实物图片。(a)镀银织物原样;(b)未经过纳米溶胶整理,皂洗后镀银织物图片;(c)经过纳米溶胶整理后,皂洗后镀银织物图片。
(9)图9镀铜织物耐摩擦测试宏观实物图片。(a)镀铜织物原样;(b) 未经过纳米溶胶整理,摩擦15转后镀铜织物图片;(c)经过纳米溶胶整理后,摩擦15转后镀铜织物图片。
(10)图10镀银织物耐摩擦测试宏观实物图片。(a)镀银织物原样;(b) 未经过纳米溶胶整理,摩擦15转后镀银织物图片;(c)经过纳米溶胶整理后,摩擦15转后镀银织物图片。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。本领域技术人员应当明白,为了简洁的描述本发明,本说明书中对涉及到的常规工艺未做过多说明,也即本说明书中未做特殊说明的设备、工艺条件等,默认采用本领域技术人员所了解的普通或者通用的设备或工艺即可。
第一方面,本发明提出的多功能抗氧化金属导电织物,包括:基材,所述的基材表面镀覆纳米金属;所述的纳米金属表面覆盖有纳米溶胶膜层;所述的纳米溶胶膜层包含TiO2和甲酸钠;所述的TiO2和甲酸钠纳米溶胶膜层用于抑制纳米金属氧化及腐蚀。
具体地,所述的织物基材可以是涤纶、氨纶、锦纶等化纤面料,也可以是棉、麻、丝等天然纤维面料,还可以是由上述不同纤维材料所构成的各种组织结构的织物。
第二方面,本发明提出的用于制备第一方面涉及的多功能抗氧化导电织物的制备方法如下:
(1)织物预处理:为保证镀膜牢度,先将织物浸渍乙醇和水混合液洗涤, 50~100℃烘干,再采用氩气低温等离子体进行预处理,使镀覆基材表面活化和粗糙化,提高镀覆牢度,工艺条件为压强20~50Pa,功率200~300W,作用时间3~5min。
(2)磁控溅射技术在织物上镀覆纳米金属层工艺:采用直流磁控溅射沉积模式镀覆,将金属溅射在织物表面,其中,靶材镀覆电流为0.1~8A,温度在100~250℃,工作气氛为氩气,氩气气体流量为80~200Sccm,真空室内压强为8×10-3Pa~1×10-3Pa,镀膜工作压强为1×10-2Pa~3×10-1Pa,卷绕机镀膜速度为0.1~0.5m/min,镀覆幅宽0.1~0.6m。
(3)金属导电织物抗氧化整理工艺:配制含有LT-101亲水硅油(改性氨基硅油),二氧化钛,甲酸钠的纳米溶胶液,采用浸轧工艺处理,一浸一轧,织物带液率50-60%,浸轧压力2-4kg,烘干温度80-100℃。其中,二氧化钛、 LT-101亲水硅油、甲酸钠三者的配比约为:(9~12):(4.5~5.5):(2.5~3.5)。
实施例一:
S100:织物预处理;
本实施例中织物的基材采用涤纶织物,为了保证镀膜牢度,需要通过本步骤对织物进行预处理,具体包括:
S101:浸轧;
配制乙醇和水的混合液,所形成的混合液中乙醇浓度为3%,将织物浸渍所述的混合液中进行洗涤,采用浸轧工艺,完成二浸二轧,轧余率为20%;
S102:烘干;
通过烘干设备对织物进行烘干,烘干温度及时间根据织物的基材确定,使织物充分干燥即可。
S103:等离子体预处理;
对充分干燥的织物使用氩气低温等离子体预处理,在一个实施例中,采用的工艺条件为:压强50Pa,功率300W,作用时间4min。通过等离子体预处理,能够有效的提高织物表面的活性及纤维表面粗糙度,增强金属在织物表面的附着性能。
S200:利用磁控溅射技术在织物表面镀覆金属膜层;
具体地包括:
S201:将卷绕式磁控溅射腔体清理干净,安装好银和铜靶材,两个靶材的壁厚为1cm,打开回流管的回流阀,冷却水流量为80m3/h;水压1MPa,将预处理后的织物固定于卷绕机上,幅宽0.3m,卷径尺寸为20cm,张力90N;
S202:分别打开氩气源和电源,镀覆温度设置为180℃,真空室压强为 1×10-4Pa,镀膜工作压强为1×10-2Pa,设置卷绕机镀膜速度为0.1m/min,卷绕车速越慢,金属膜层越厚;
S203:溅射银铜靶材,制备相应的导电织物,具体地,设置银和铜两个金属靶位,进行单质银、铜金属溅射,或者两个靶位Ag-Cu合金溅射,在本实施例中,采用单独溅射,分别形成铜膜层导电织物和银膜层导电织物,在规定的参数范围内,溅射靶的磁控电流越小,镀覆金属层的厚度越薄;在本实施例中,银靶的磁控镀覆电流设置为4A;铜靶的磁控镀覆电流设置为6A。
S300:利用纳米溶胶涂层剂对金属膜层织物后整理;
织物在覆盖金属膜层后,导电性能得到提升,为了防止金属膜层发生氧化、腐蚀等,需要对覆盖有金属膜层的织物进行进一步的整理,具体包括:
S301:在纳米溶胶涂层剂中浸轧;
将纳米溶胶涂层剂加入到浸轧槽,金属膜层导电织物经过浸轧槽,设置浸轧压力为3kg,通过一浸一轧的方式,使其带液率达到60%;
所述的纳米溶胶涂层剂制备步骤包括:
S3011:TiO2纳米溶胶的制备:先将钛酸丁酯、冰醋酸与无水乙醇充分搅拌(摩尔比为2:3:40),形成混合液A,再将无水乙醇与水溶液均匀混合(摩尔比为4:1),形成溶液B,不断搅拌混合液A,同时将混合液B缓慢加入到混合液A中,充分混合后继续搅拌,得到黄色透明的TiO2纳米溶胶。
S3012:配制上述TiO2纳米溶胶、LT-101亲水硅油、甲酸钠与水的溶液,其中TiO2纳米溶胶浓度为10%,LT-101亲水硅油(改性氨基硅油)浓度为5%,甲酸钠溶液浓度3%,按照上述配比得到纳米溶胶涂层剂。
S302:烘干;
通过烘干设备进行烘干,设置烘干温度100℃,使低分子溶胶自交联,在金属层上结成三维网状结构的薄膜。
为了验证本发明制备的多功能抗氧化金属导电织物的性能。发明人对实施例1制备的铜膜层导电织物和银膜层导电织物进行抗氧化性、金属层结合牢度以及防紫外、抗静电性能测试,测试方法及执行的相应标准如下:
1.金属织物抗氧化性能测试:通过对织物表面镀银层的加速腐蚀实验,参考GB6461-19865《金属覆盖层对底材呈阴极性的覆盖层腐蚀试验后的试样评级》标准,进行评级。
对织物表面银膜层的加速腐蚀实验采用如下两种:
(1)Na2S溶液加速腐蚀法:配制浓度为0.5% Na2S溶液,使用滴管将 Na2S溶液滴加在金属染色织物表面,30min后,观察其表面形态,评级。
(2)模拟人工汗液加速腐蚀法:参考AATCC-15标准,模拟人工汗液,将1±0.01g尿素、5±0.01g氯化钠、1.13±0.01g乳酸倒入1L的烧杯中,加入900 ml的去离子水,搅拌溶解,同时加入0.1g的硫酸,再使用氨水将PH值调节到6.5±0.2。配制好溶液后将金属染色织物浸入其中,充分湿润后晾干,观察其表面形态,评级。
2.耐洗牢度测试:皂洗牢度测试参考GB/T 3921-2008纺织品色牢度试验耐皂洗色牢度标准,按照该标准的实验过程,洗涤后,再经过水冲洗,烘干。
3.金属膜层与织物结合牢度测试:通过测试金属染色织物及其后整理织物的干湿摩擦牢度和耐磨性能来表征金属膜层与织物的结合牢度。干湿摩擦牢度测试参考GB/T3920-2008纺织品色牢度实验耐摩擦牢度标准。耐磨性能测试参考GB/T21196.4-2007《纺织品用马丁代尔(Martindale)法对织物抗磨损性的测定第4部分:外观变化的评定》,镀覆金属织物在马丁代尔摩擦测试仪上摩擦,使用放大镜观察,直至织物表面金属膜层全部摩擦掉,通过摩擦次数分析织物与金属膜层的结合牢度。
4.防紫外线性能测试:参考澳大利亚/新西兰AS/NZS 4399紫外线测试标准,测试织物的防紫外线系数UPF值和紫外线透过率。
5.抗静电性能测试:参考GB/T 12703.2—2008《纺织品静电性能的评定第二部分:电荷面密度》,采用测试条件为:温度23℃,湿度57%。
发明人按照上述各标准进行相应的测试,镀银、铜导电织物及其纳米溶胶后整理的抗氧化性能、干湿摩擦牢度、耐摩擦性能与皂洗牢度的测试结果见表 1。
表1
由此表1可知,镀银和镀铜导电织物经过纳米溶胶涂层整理后,抗氧化变色和耐腐蚀等级大幅度提高,耐摩擦和皂洗牢度也有了明显改善。
表2
由表2可知,镀银和镀铜导电织物与原织物相比,防紫外线性能和抗静电性能有了显著提高,经过纳米溶胶涂层整理后,其防紫外线性能有了进一步提升,抗静电性能与未经过纳米溶胶整理的导电织物相比,变化不大,说明纳米溶胶整理并未影响织物的导电性能。
本发明采用纳米溶胶应用于导电织物表面金属膜层抗氧化整理,纳米溶胶自交联在金属膜层表面,解决织物上纳米金属膜层易氧化问题,制备工艺简单,同时既保留原有的金属特性,又不影响织物的服用性能,而且提高了耐汗渍、水洗牢度,同时使导电织物具有防紫外、抗静电的功能性。本发明提供的多功能抗氧化金属导电织物具备抗静电、防紫外等多种功能,在智能防护和柔性传感领域有着广阔的应用前景。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
本说明书中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想;同时,对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本发明的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。所属领域技术人员应该明白,在本发明的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。
综上,本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
Claims (10)
1.一种多功能抗氧化金属导电织物,其特征是,包括:基材,所述的基材表面镀覆纳米金属层;所述的纳米金属层的金属材质为铜或银;所述的纳米金属层表面覆盖有纳米溶胶膜层;所述的纳米溶胶膜层包含TiO2和甲酸钠;所述的TiO2纳米溶胶膜层用于抑制纳米金属层氧化及腐蚀。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多功能抗氧化金属导电织物,其特征是,所述的织物基材是化学纤维或天然纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多功能抗氧化金属导电织物,其特征是,所述的基材是由化学纤维和天然纤维形成的织物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多功能抗氧化金属导电织物,其特征是,所述的纳米溶胶膜层还包括LT-101亲水硅油,所述的TiO2、LT-101亲水硅油、甲酸钠三者的比例为10:5:3。
5.一种多功能抗氧化金属导电织物制备方法,其特征是,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:利用磁控溅射技术在织物表面镀覆金属膜层;
步骤二:利用纳米溶胶涂层剂对金属膜层进行抗氧化后整理。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种多功能抗氧化金属导电织物制备方法,其特征是,所述的纳米溶胶涂层剂包括:TiO2纳米溶胶、LT-101亲水硅油、甲酸钠。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种多功能抗氧化金属导电织物制备方法,其特征是,所述的纳米溶胶涂层剂配制方法为:TiO2纳米溶胶浓度为10%,LT-101亲水硅油(改性氨基硅油)浓度为5%,甲酸钠溶液浓度3%。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种多功能抗氧化金属导电织物制备方法,其特征是,所述的TiO2纳米溶胶的制备过程包括:将钛酸丁酯、冰醋酸与无水乙醇按照摩尔比为2:3:40的比例形成混合液A,再将无水乙醇与水溶液按照摩尔比为4:1均匀混合,形成溶液B,将混合液A溶液B充分混合后继续搅拌,陈化后得到黄色透明的TiO2纳米溶胶。
9.根据权利要求5-8中任一权利要求所述的一种多功能抗氧化金属导电织物制备方法,其特征是,所述的步骤二具体包括:
(1)在纳米溶胶涂层剂中浸轧;将纳米溶胶涂层剂加入到浸轧槽,金属膜层导电织物经过浸轧槽,设置浸轧压力为3kg,通过一浸一轧的方式,使其带液率达到60%;
(2)烘干;通过烘箱进行烘干,设置烘干温度100℃,使低分子溶胶自交联,在金属层上结成三维网状结构的薄膜。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种多功能抗氧化金属导电织物制备方法,其特征是,在执行所述的步骤一之前,对织物进行预处理,所述的预处理包括:浸轧洗涤、烘干、等离子体预处理。
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