CN115500355B - Control of downy mildew of litchi by Podophyllotoxin and Gentisic acid - Google Patents
Control of downy mildew of litchi by Podophyllotoxin and Gentisic acid Download PDFInfo
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- CN115500355B CN115500355B CN202211100658.0A CN202211100658A CN115500355B CN 115500355 B CN115500355 B CN 115500355B CN 202211100658 A CN202211100658 A CN 202211100658A CN 115500355 B CN115500355 B CN 115500355B
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- WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 229960005219 gentisic acid Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- YJGVMLPVUAXIQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N epipodophyllotoxin Natural products COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(C2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3C(O)C3C2C(OC3)=O)=C1 YJGVMLPVUAXIQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- YJGVMLPVUAXIQN-XVVDYKMHSA-N podophyllotoxin Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@H](O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 YJGVMLPVUAXIQN-XVVDYKMHSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 229960001237 podophyllotoxin Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
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- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 244000183278 Nephelium litchi Species 0.000 description 78
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- VQOXZBDYSJBXMA-NQTDYLQESA-N nystatin A1 Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/CC/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 VQOXZBDYSJBXMA-NQTDYLQESA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 240000006432 Carica papaya Species 0.000 description 1
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- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000233622 Phytophthora infestans Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241001529453 unidentified herpesvirus Species 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
- A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P3/00—Fungicides
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant disease control, and particularly relates to a method for controlling downy mildew of litchi by using Podophyllotoxin and Gentisicacid. The invention discloses two organic matters Podophyllotoxin and Gentisicacid capable of inhibiting downy mildew of litchi. Wherein Podophyllotoxin is named Podophyllotoxin, is lignin organic matter, and Gentisicacid is named gentisic acid, and is polyhydroxy acid. The invention discovers that Podophyllotoxin and Gentisicacid can inhibit the growth of downy mildew of litchi in a culture medium and on mature litchi fruits for the first time, and also discovers that Podophyllotoxin and Gentisicacid can synergistically enhance and inhibit the growth of downy mildew of litchi in the culture medium and on mature litchi fruits, which indicates that Podophyllotoxin and Gentisicacid have potential application value in the plant disease resistance field, in particular to the litchi downy mildew resistance field, and can be used for developing novel antibiotics or agricultural medicines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant disease control, and particularly relates to a method for controlling downy mildew of litchi by using Podophyllotoxin and Gentisic acid.
Background
Diseases not only severely restrict the growth and development of plants, but also cause immeasurable losses in plant yield and quality. The litchi downy mildew is one of the most serious diseases on litchi caused by the infection of the litchi downy mildew (Peronophthora litchii (Chen) exKo et al). The downy mildew is a plant pathogenic fungus, has extremely strong pathogenicity to litchi, and can infect fruits such as papaya, tomatoes, luffa and the like in addition to the litchi under natural conditions. The litchi frost epidemic disease is mainly caused by damaging mature or nearly mature fruits, and sometimes damaging young fruits, flowers and leaves, and causes serious harm to litchi yield, litchi quality and fresh fruits in storage and transportation.
At present, chemical control is mainly used for controlling the litchi frost epidemic disease in production, but the long-term use of chemical control means for controlling the disease can enhance the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria, and the chemical residues in crops are increased along with the continuous increase of the dosage of the traditional bactericides for a long time, so that the food safety is greatly threatened, and meanwhile, the environment is also greatly polluted. The natural active substances have the advantages of no pollution and environmental friendliness, so that the novel natural active substances capable of inhibiting the growth of the downy mildew of litchis are mined, the prevention and the control of the downy mildew of litchis are facilitated, and the method has very important effects on improving the yield and the quality of litchis.
Podophyllotoxin is named Podophyllotoxin, and is lignin organic matter. The podophyllotoxin can effectively inhibit herpesvirus, and can be used for treating human viral diseases. At present, the effect of podophyllotoxin on inhibiting plant pathogenic fungi, especially on downy mildew of litchi, has not been studied and reported.
Gentisic acid is known as Gentisic acid, also known as 2, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and is a polyhydroxy acid. At present, the effect of gentisic acid on resisting plant bacterial, fungal or viral diseases, in particular on resisting downy mildew is not yet studied and reported.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides novel application of two natural plant organic matters Podophyllotoxin and Gentisic acid organic matters, and the two organic matters can synergistically inhibit the growth of downy mildew of litchi, and can be used for developing novel litchi antifungal medicines.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an application of Podophyllotoxin and/or Gentisic acid in preventing and treating downy mildew of litchi.
The invention also provides application of Podophyllotoxin and/or Gentisic acid in inhibiting Phytophthora litchi.
According to the research, the Podophyllotoxin and the Gentisic acid can both inhibit the growth of the downy mildew of litchi, and the Podophyllotoxin and the Gentisic acid can synergistically enhance the effect of inhibiting the growth of the downy mildew of litchi.
The invention also provides application of the Podophyllotoxin and/or the Gentisic acid in preventing and treating the infection of litchi phytophthora parasitica after litchi harvest.
According to the invention, research shows that both Podophyllotoxin and Gentisic acid can prevent the infection of downy mildew of litchi on mature litchi fruits, and the Gentisic acid and Podophyllotoxin can synergistically inhibit downy mildew of litchi on fresh litchi fruits, so that the fresh-keeping effect of litchi fruits is achieved.
The invention also provides application of Podophyllotoxin and/or Gentisic acid in preparation of a medicament for preventing and treating downy mildew of litchis.
The invention also provides application of Podophyllotoxin and/or Gentisic acid in preparing a bacteriostatic agent for inhibiting the growth of Phytophthora litchii.
The Podophyllotoxin and/or the Gentisic acid can be singly or jointly prepared into medicines to be used as agents for resisting downy mildew of litchi, and can also be used together with other agents for resisting downy mildew of litchi so as to enhance the antibacterial effect or reduce the cost. The prepared medicament can be in a solid form (such as powder, granules, liposome and the like, the solid carrier of the medicament can be nontoxic, biodegradable, hydrophilic or hydrophobic substances), or can be in a liquid form (such as solution, emulsion, suspension and the like, and the liquid carrier can be water, hydrophilic or hydrophobic organic solvent and a mixture of the hydrophilic or hydrophobic organic solvent and the water in various proportions).
The invention also provides a medicament (such as novel antibiotics or agricultural medicines) for preventing and treating downy mildew of litchi, and the active ingredient of the medicament is Podophyllotoxin or Gentisic acid.
The invention also provides a medicament (such as novel antibiotics or agricultural medicines) for preventing and treating downy mildew of litchi, and the active ingredients of the medicament are Podophyllotoxin and Gentisic acid.
The Podophyllotoxin and/or the Gentisic acid serving as the effective components are added into an agricultural carrier or composition to prepare the pesticide, and the pesticide can be used for preventing and treating the downy mildew diseases of litchis by adopting a common pesticide formulation and a common use method.
In practical use, in order to enable the Podophyllotoxin and/or the Gentisic acid to be well adhered on the surface of the litchi, a plurality of common adhesives or surfactants can be added into the aqueous solution of the Podophyllotoxin and/or the Gentisic acid.
The invention also provides a method for preventing and treating downy mildew of litchi, which comprises the steps of preparing Podophyllotoxin and/or Gentisic acid into aqueous solution, and spraying the aqueous solution on litchi fruits.
Preferably, the concentration of Podophyllotoxin and Gentisic acid is 100-200ug/mL. More preferably, the concentration of Podophyllotoxin and Gentisic acid are each 200ug/mL.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses two organic matters Podophyllotoxin and Gentisic acid capable of inhibiting downy mildew of litchi. Wherein, podophyllotoxin is named Podophyllotoxin, is lignin organic matter, and Gentisic acid is named Gentisic acid, is polyhydroxy acid. The invention discovers that the Podophyllotoxin and the Gentisic acid can inhibit the growth of the downy mildew of litchi in a culture medium and on mature litchi fruits for the first time, and also discovers that the Podophyllotoxin and the Gentisic acid can synergistically enhance and inhibit the growth of the downy mildew of litchi in the culture medium and on the mature litchi fruits, which indicates that the Podophyllotoxin and the Gentisic acid have potential application value in the plant disease resistance field, in particular the litchi frost epidemic resistance field, and can be used for developing novel antibiotics or agricultural medicines. In addition, the Podophyllotoxin and the Gentisic acid belong to natural chemical products, are green and safe, are beneficial to human health, accord with food safety requirements, and play roles in preventing and treating downy mildew of litchi and preserving litchi fruits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the screening of Podophyllotoxin and Gentisic acid organics (A is the relative content of Podophyllotoxin in the litchi downy mildew treatment group and the control group; B is the relative content of Gentisic acid in the litchi downy mildew treatment group and the control group);
FIG. 2 shows the results of inhibition of Podophyllotoxin and Gentisic acid on P.litchi in culture medium (three biological replicates were performed per group, each replicate containing 3 replicates as replicates, each experimental and control group randomly picked P.litchi colony growth for photography);
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the statistics of plaque area in culture medium for Podophyllotoxin and Gentisic acid inhibiting Phytophthora litchii (three biological replicates per group, each replicate containing 3 replicates as replicates);
FIG. 4 shows the inhibition results of Podophyllotoxin and Gentisic acid on fresh litchi on Phytophthora litchi (three biological replicates per group, 3 replicates per biological replicate, 10 litchi fruits per replicate test and control group, 10 litchi fruits per group randomly selected for photography);
FIG. 5 is a statistical result of the disease index of Podophyllotoxin and Gentisic acid inhibiting Phytophthora litchi on fresh litchi (three biological replicates per group, 3 replicates per biological replicate).
Detailed Description
The following describes the invention in more detail. The description of these embodiments is provided to assist understanding of the present invention, but is not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Unless otherwise indicated, the experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention were conventional methods of botanic, microbiology and plant pathology, and the various reagent consumables used in the examples were all commercially available products.
Example 1 screening of Podophyllotoxin and Gentisic acid organics
The litchi material used in the test is the litchi material 'Feizixiao' provided by the Guangzhou litchi nursery, which is the fruit tree germplasm of China. Inoculating 5 μl of fresh litchi leaves with spore suspension of Phytophthora litchi (treated group) and sterilized water (control group), wherein the number of spores in the spore suspension is 4×10 4 individual/mL; after 24 hours of treatment of the litchi leaves, 1g of the treated leaves are respectively collected to entrust Beijing Aoweisen gene technology Co., ltd for metabonomics measurement; according to metabonomics data, the metabolite difference of the treatment group and the control group is statistically analyzed, and organic matters Podophyllotoxin and Gentisic acid are obtained through screening, wherein the content of the Podophyllotoxin and the Gentisic acid in the litchi downy mildew treatment group is obviousSignificantly higher than the control group (as shown in figure 1). Wherein the Chinese name of Podophyllotoxin is Podophyllotoxin, and the molecular weight is 414.41; the chinese name of Gentisic acid is Gentisic acid and the molecular weight is 154.12. The structural formulas of Podophyllotoxin and Gentisic acid are respectively shown as formula (I) and formula (II):
example 2 synergistic enhanced inhibition of Phyllotoxin and Gentisic acid organics against Phytophthora litchii
The reagents used in the test were Podophyllotoxin, gentisic acid, nystatin and DMSO, all purchased from Shanghai Michelin Biochemical technologies Co.
(1) The test method comprises the following steps:
1) The culture medium used in the test is carrot agar culture medium, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: squeezing 200g peeled radix Dauci Sativae, filtering with gauze, collecting filtrate, adding 20g agar powder, fixing volume to 1000mL, and sterilizing.
2) DMSO (negative control), nystatin (positive control) (100. Mu.g/mL), podophyllotoxin (100. Mu.g/mL), gentisic acid (100. Mu.g/mL), podophyllotoxin (100. Mu.g/mL) +Gentisic acid (100. Mu.g/mL) were added to each carrot culture medium. The Podophyllotoxin, gentisic acid and nystatin are prepared by DMSO solution, so DMSO is used as negative control group; nystatin is a class of antibiotics that can significantly inhibit mold and is used herein as a positive control.
3) Bacteriostasis test in culture: inoculating 5mm downy mildew blocks into the prepared culture medium respectively. The inhibition of each group of organisms was evaluated in terms of the area of plaque by counting and calculating the area of plaque continuously from the start of inoculation (noted as day 0) to day 5 after inoculation (the culture temperature after inoculation was 27℃to 28 ℃).
(2) Test results:
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, both Podophyllotoxin and Gentisic acid can inhibit the growth of downy mildew at a concentration of 100ug/mL, wherein the antibacterial effect of Podophyllotoxin is better than Gentisic acid, but the antibacterial effect of Podophyllotoxin is slightly worse than that of positive control (nystatin). However, in the culture medium with the addition of the Podophyllotoxin and the Gentisic acid, the growth of the downy mildew is extremely slow, and the antibacterial effect is better than that of a positive control, which indicates that the Podophyllotoxin and the Gentisic acid can synergistically inhibit the growth of the downy mildew.
Example 3 synergistic enhanced inhibition of Podophyllotoxin and Gentisic acid organics against Phytophthora litchi in fresh Living litchi
(1) The test method comprises the following steps:
the litchi material used in the test is 'osmanthus taste'. Inoculating 5 μl of spore suspension of Phytophthora litchi on fresh fructus litchi with osmanthus taste, wherein the number of spores in the spore suspension is 4×10 4 individual/mL; spraying the following aqueous solutions on litchi inoculated with phytophthora infestans spore liquid: negative control group: DMSO (negative control); test group: gentisic acid (200. Mu.g/mL), podophyllotoxin (200. Mu.g/mL); gentisic acid (200. Mu.g/mL) +Podophyllotoxin (200. Mu.g/mL). And counting the disease indexes of the mature litchi fruits of the experimental group and the control group on the fifth day after inoculation of the downy mildew of litchi (the culture temperature after inoculation is 27-28 ℃).
Disease index di= Σ (number of disease fruits×number of disease grades)/(total number of fruits×highest number of grades) ×100;
incidence = number of diseased fruits/total fruits x 100%;
the litchi disease grade value is judged according to the disease spot area, and the disease grade value corresponding to the disease spot area is as follows: grade 0, no lesions; 1 grade, the area of the disease spots accounts for less than 5% of the total area; 3, the area of the disease spots accounts for 6 to 15 percent of the total area; grade 5, the area of the disease spots accounts for 16% -25% of the total area; 7, the area of the disease spots accounts for 26-50% of the total area; grade 9, the area of the disease spots accounts for more than 51% of the total area.
(2) Test results:
as shown in fig. 4 and 5, both Podophyllotoxin and Gentisic acid have the effect of inhibiting downy mildew on mature litchi fruits, wherein the litchi fruit disease index of the Podophyllotoxin treatment group is significantly lower than that of the negative control group, but the litchi fruit disease index of the Podophyllotoxin treatment group is lower than that of the Gentisic acid treatment group, which indicates that the bacteriostasis of Gentisic acid is worse than that of Podophyllotoxin. Meanwhile, in an experimental group treated by both Gentisic acid and Podophylllotoxin, the disease is basically not developed after the downy mildew is inoculated (no disease spots are seen), which shows that Gentisic acid and Podophylllotoxin can synergistically inhibit downy mildew of litchi on fresh litchi fruits and prevent the litchi fruits from being infected by downy mildew of litchi.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and yet fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. Application of podophyllotoxin and/or gentisic acid in preventing and treating downy mildew of litchi is provided.
2. Application of podophyllotoxin and/or gentisic acid in inhibiting Phytophthora litchi.
3. Application of podophyllotoxin and/or gentisic acid in preventing and treating infection of litchi after picking.
4. Application of podophyllotoxin and gentisic acid or gentisic acid as active component in preparing medicine for preventing and treating downy mildew of litchi is provided.
5. Application of podophyllotoxin and/or gentisic acid as active components in preparing antibacterial agent for inhibiting growth of Phytophthora litchii.
6. The medicament for preventing and treating the downy mildew of litchi is characterized in that the active ingredients of the medicament are podophyllotoxin and gentisic acid, and the concentration of the podophyllotoxin and gentisic acid is 100-200ug/mL.
7. A method for preventing and treating downy mildew of litchi is characterized in that podophyllotoxin and/or gentisic acid are prepared into aqueous solution, and then the aqueous solution is sprayed on litchi fruits, wherein the concentration of the podophyllotoxin and gentisic acid is 100-200ug/mL.
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| CN116420782A (en) * | 2023-05-26 | 2023-07-14 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | Preservative for postharvest storage of fruits and vegetables and application thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1354740A (en) * | 1999-04-13 | 2002-06-19 | 尼科克斯公司 | Pharmaceutical compounds |
| CN106561684A (en) * | 2016-11-06 | 2017-04-19 | 徐州得铸生物科技有限公司 | Bactericidal composition containing podophyllotoxin |
| CN113598188A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-05 | 贵州大学 | Use of 4' -demethylepipodophyllotoxin as agricultural bactericide |
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| CN1354740A (en) * | 1999-04-13 | 2002-06-19 | 尼科克斯公司 | Pharmaceutical compounds |
| CN106561684A (en) * | 2016-11-06 | 2017-04-19 | 徐州得铸生物科技有限公司 | Bactericidal composition containing podophyllotoxin |
| CN113598188A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-05 | 贵州大学 | Use of 4' -demethylepipodophyllotoxin as agricultural bactericide |
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