CN115497366A - Science popularization demonstration device and demonstration method for low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor - Google Patents
Science popularization demonstration device and demonstration method for low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a science popularization demonstration device and a science popularization demonstration method for a low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor, and belongs to the field of nuclear energy application demonstration and science popularization education in the energy and power industry. The problem of the visual and safety characteristic presentation device of science popularization that does not have the low temperature pool formula nuclear heating heap now is solved. The reactor comprises a low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor body model, a circulation loop, a transparent plate, a resident house model and a device rack, wherein the low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor body model is arranged below the rack; the low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor body model is used for demonstrating safe heat supply of a reactor, the resident house model is used for demonstrating heat supply effects, and the transparent plate demonstrates the work of the circulation loop for an observer. The invention shows the basic heat supply principle and the safety characteristic of the low-temperature pool type nuclear heat supply reactor for people, eliminates the nucleus-terrorism of people and provides a support condition for the popularization of future nuclear energy heat supply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear energy application demonstration and science popularization education in the energy and power industry, and particularly relates to a science popularization demonstration device and a demonstration method for a low-temperature pool type nuclear heat supply reactor.
Background
The nuclear energy is used as a clean and efficient energy source, is widely applied to the field of power generation at present, and obtains good economic, environmental protection and ecological benefits. Meanwhile, with the acceleration of the urbanization level process of China, the requirements of people on the living quality are increasingly improved, and the contradiction between heating supply and demand in winter is intensified. Especially, in China, heating still depends on fossil energy such as coal combustion and the like, the resource consumption is large, the transportation cost is high, the carbon emission reduction pressure is huge, and an efficient and clean alternative heating energy is urgently needed. Nuclear energy heating is widely concerned, and if the nuclear energy heating system can be applied to the field of heating, the energy structure of China can be effectively improved, and the problem of air pollution caused by coal-fired heating in winter is expected to be solved.
Various nuclear energy heat supply reactor types are designed by domestic nuclear energy research and development institutions, wherein the low-temperature pool type nuclear heat supply reactor has the remarkable characteristics of zero-melting and zero-emission, easy retirement, low investment and the like due to the fact that the low-temperature pool type nuclear heat supply reactor is high in inherent safety, mature in technology and simple in system, and is concerned. The low-temperature pool type nuclear heat supply reactor is located close to a residential area, the safety is fully considered at the beginning of design, and four barriers are arranged under the fuel pellet, the fuel cladding, the reactor cooling pressure boundary and the reactor core deep water pool to effectively isolate radioactivity. Even if the most dangerous condition occurs, 1800 tons of water in the deep water tank can ensure that the reactor core is not exposed for more than 20 days, and safe shutdown is realized.
However, due to the particularity of the nuclear energy and the proximity of the low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor to residential areas, the domestic nuclear energy heating has low popular science degree, mainly takes webpage text propaganda and video short-film forms, has single and obscure forms, and is not very understood by people about the principle of the nuclear energy heating, the safety performance and the like, so that the nuclear terrorism psychology of the people is difficult to eliminate, and the acceptance of the people to the nuclear heating reactor is generally low. Consequently in order to develop higher quality, timely effectual nuclear science popularization propaganda and education to the masses, need urgently to design one set of science popularization propaganda and visual presentation device who is used for low temperature pool formula nuclear heating heap specially, lively audio-visually demonstrate low temperature pool formula nuclear heating heap basic operation principle and security characteristic to the masses, and the worry is eliminated to better help the masses, establishes the basis for future nuclear energy heat supply is used.
The existing science popularization teaching aid and method for nuclear power plant reactor safety use colored gas for a nuclear power plant model to simulate the diffusion process of radioactive substances when a nuclear power plant has an accident, and the functions of three safety barriers of the nuclear power plant are visually and vividly displayed to the public. However, the invention patent is directed to a conventional shell type nuclear power station, the reactor structure and the safety barrier of the conventional shell type nuclear power station are obviously different from those of a pool type low-temperature nuclear heat supply reactor, and meanwhile, the popular science device cannot demonstrate the complete working principle of the pool type low-temperature nuclear heat supply reactor and a passive safety means of the pool type low-temperature nuclear heat supply reactor.
The demonstration device for the passive cooling system of the nuclear power station comprises an installation base, a control unit, a heating unit, a cooling water tank and a demonstration unit, wherein the heating unit, the cooling water tank and the demonstration unit are communicated with each other through a circulating pipeline. The principle demonstration is mainly carried out on the large advanced shell type pressurized water reactor passive cooling system instead of the integral modeling, and as the basic mechanism and the safety system of the pool type low-temperature nuclear heat supply reactor are arranged to be different from those of the large advanced shell type pressurized water reactor, the device cannot be used for the visual demonstration and the popular science propaganda of the basic heat supply principle and the safety characteristic of the pool type low-temperature nuclear heat supply reactor.
The demonstration device for the passive residual heat removal system of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power station comprises a heater, a cooling device, a circulating water pipe and a control system. The invention only aims at the passive residual heat removal system of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power station to carry out principle demonstration, and does not model a specific reactor core, so that the working principle and the safety system setting of a certain type of nuclear reactor cannot be demonstrated in detail. Due to the particularity and difference of the pool type low-temperature nuclear heating reactor, the invention can not be used for visual demonstration and popular science propaganda of the basic heating principle and the safety characteristic thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a science popularization demonstration apparatus for a low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor, so as to solve the problem that there is no science popularization visualization and safety characteristic demonstration apparatus for a low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a science popularization demonstration device for a low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor comprises a low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor body model 1, a circulation loop 2, a transparent plate 3, a resident house model 4 and a device rack 5, wherein the low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor body model 1 is arranged below the device rack 5, the circulation loop 2 is fixed on the lower surface of the device rack 5, the transparent plate 3 is laid on the upper surface of the device rack 5, and the resident house model 4 is placed on the transparent plate 3;
the low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor body model 1 comprises transparent shells 1-5, reactor core heating sections 1-4, ascending cylinders 1-3, top covers 1-2 and natural circulation flap valves 1-1, wherein the reactor core heating sections 1-4 and the ascending cylinders 1-3 are coaxially arranged in the shells 1-5 and are arranged up and down, the bottom ends of the reactor core heating sections 1-4 are fixed at the bottoms of the transparent shells 1-5, the upper ends of the reactor core heating sections 1-4 are connected with the bottom ends of the ascending cylinders 1-3, reactor water pools 1-6 are formed between the inner walls of the transparent shells 1-5 and the outer walls of the ascending cylinders 1-3 and the outer walls of the reactor core heating sections 1-4, a plurality of water inlets communicating the reactor water pools 1-6 with the interiors of the reactor core heating sections 1-4 are arranged at the bottoms of the reactor core heating sections 1-4, the reactor water pools 1-6 and the reactor core heating sections 1-4 are filled with water, the top covers 1-2 are arranged at the tops of the transparent shells 1-5, and the natural circulation flap valves 1-4 are arranged at the lower parts of the ascending cylinders 1-3;
the circulation loop 2 is filled with water, the circulation loop 2 comprises a primary loop water return pipeline 2-2, a primary loop water outlet pipeline 2-3, a jet flow pipeline 2-1, a primary loop water pump 2-7, a primary loop heat exchanger 2-8, a secondary loop water pump 2-4, a secondary loop pipeline 2-5, a secondary loop heat exchanger 2-6, a tertiary loop water pump 2-9 and a heat supply pipeline 2-10, one end of the primary loop water outlet pipeline 2-3 is communicated with the inner wall of the ascending barrel 1-3, the other end is communicated with a hot end inlet of the primary loop heat exchanger 2-8, a hot end outlet of the primary loop heat exchanger 2-8 is communicated with one end of the primary loop water return pipeline 2-2, the other end of the primary loop water return pipeline 2-2 is communicated with the upper part of the shell 1-5, and the primary loop water pump 2-7 is arranged on the primary loop water return pipeline 2-2, a jet flow pipeline 2-1 is communicated with a primary loop water return pipeline 2-2, the water outlet of the jet flow pipeline 2-1 faces a natural circulation flap valve 1-1, the natural circulation flap valve 1-1 is closed when the jet flow pipeline 2-1 is in jet flow, a cold end inlet of a primary loop heat exchanger 2-8 is communicated with a hot end outlet of a secondary loop heat exchanger 2-6 through a pipeline, a cold end outlet of the primary loop heat exchanger 2-8 is communicated with a hot end inlet of the secondary loop heat exchanger 2-6 through the secondary loop pipeline 2-5, a secondary loop water pump 2-4 is arranged on the secondary loop pipeline 2-5, the cold end inlet of the secondary loop heat exchanger 2-6 is communicated with one end of a heat supply pipeline 2-10, and the cold end outlet of the secondary loop heat exchanger 2-6 is communicated with the other end of the heat supply pipeline 2-10, the heat supply pipelines 2-10 are provided with three-loop water pumps 2-9, and the heat supply pipelines 2-10 are arranged in the residential building model 4.
Further, body model 1 is piled in low temperature pond formula nuclear heating is used for demonstrating reactor safety heat supply, and resident's house model 4 is used for the show heat supply effect, and inferior gram force transparent plate 3 demonstrates circulation circuit 2's work for the observer.
Furthermore, the core heating section 1-4 is a hollow cylindrical section, and eight heating rods 1-7 are uniformly arranged in the hollow cylindrical section.
Furthermore, a plurality of large water inlets are axially and uniformly arranged at the bottom of the hollow cylindrical section, and a plurality of small water inlets are radially and uniformly arranged at the bottom end of the hollow cylindrical section.
Furthermore, temperature sensors are arranged on the reactor core heating sections 1-4, the primary loop water outlet pipeline 2-3, the primary loop water return pipeline 2-2, the heat supply pipeline 2-10 and the interior of the residential building model 4.
Furthermore, the top cover 1-2 is in threaded connection with the shell 1-5, and the natural circulation flap valve 1-1 is installed on one side of the core heating section 1-4 by adopting an M2 screw nut and can be opened and closed in a rotating mode.
Further, electric wires connected to the plurality of heating rods 1 to 7 are arranged in the rising cylinder 1 to 3.
Furthermore, the transparent plate 3, the core heating sections 1 to 4 and the transparent shells 1 to 5 are all made of acrylic plates.
Furthermore, the jet flow pipeline 2-1 is communicated with a loop return water pipeline 2-2 through a tee joint; the heat supply pipelines 2-10 are serpentine pipelines.
Another object of the invention is to provide a demonstration method of a science popularization demonstration device for a low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor, which specifically comprises
When normal working conditions are demonstrated, the heating rods 1-7 and all water pumps normally operate, the natural circulation flap valves 1-1 are closed under the action of the jet flow pipelines 2-1 and internal and external pressure differences, and the heat supply principle is displayed for observers after data are visually processed by temperature sensors arranged in the reactor core heating sections 1-4, the primary loop water outlet pipelines 2-3, the primary loop water return pipelines 2-2, the heat supply pipelines 2-10 and the residential house model 4 by using an acquisition system;
when the accident working condition is demonstrated, the power of the heating rod 1-7 is gradually reduced, the primary water pump 2-7 is closed, the natural circulation flap valve 1-1 can be observed that the natural circulation flap valve 1-1 is opened by the self gravity after the water outlet pressure of the jet flow pipeline 2-1 is lost, the natural circulation between the interior of the reactor core heating section 1-4 and the reactor water tank 1-6 is established, the temperature of the reactor core heating section 1-4 is not increased, and the safety characteristic of the reactor is demonstrated.
Compared with the prior art, the science popularization demonstration device for the low-temperature pool type nuclear heat supply reactor has the advantages that:
(1) Compared with the display devices of other reactors, the science popularization demonstration device for the low-temperature pool type nuclear heat supply reactor simulates the heat supply principle of the low-temperature pool type nuclear heat supply reactor, adopts acrylic materials as a whole, can clearly display the internal structure of the reactor, the heat exchange of the primary circuit, the secondary circuit, the tertiary circuit and each circuit, and visually displays the heat supply mode and principle for a viewer. The temperature measuring devices are installed in the reactor core heating section, the reactor pool outside the reactor core, the primary loop water outlet pipeline, the primary loop water return pipeline, the heat supply pipeline and the residential building model, and are displayed after being processed by the data acquisition system, so that the temperature of each loop is visually displayed for a viewer.
(2) The invention creates the popular science demonstration device for the low-temperature pool type nuclear heat supply reactor, meanwhile, a natural circulation flap valve is designed in a model of a body of the low-temperature pool type nuclear heat supply reactor, and a method for discharging reactor core waste heat by a passive means under the condition of a reactor accident is simulated by controlling the power of a primary water pump and a reactor core heating section heating rod is adopted, so that the safety characteristic of the reactor is embodied, and the acceptance of people on nuclear energy heat supply is improved. The natural circulation flap valve is used as one of safety means of the low-temperature pool type nuclear heat supply reactor, is closed under the action of the jet flow pipeline, and is opened when a reactor main pump stops rotating, so that the natural circulation between the inside of a reactor core and the reactor water pool is realized, and the passive discharge of the waste heat of the reactor core is realized.
(4) In the test, under the normal working condition, the temperature of the heating section of the reactor core is 98 ℃, and the temperature of the water tank outside the reactor core is 68 ℃; when a main pump, namely a primary water pump, stops and the power of a heating rod in a reactor core heating section gradually decreases, the natural circulation established after a natural circulation flap valve is opened can enable the highest temperature in a low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor body model to be not more than 59 ℃, and the safety characteristic of a reactor is shown.
(5) The science popularization demonstration device for the low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor can be applied to science popularization and teaching, popularization of nuclear energy heating and elimination of nucleus terrorism psychology of the public.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention without limitation. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an overall structure of a science popularization demonstrating device for a low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a model of a reactor body of a cryogenic pool-type nuclear heating reactor used in a science popularization demonstration apparatus for a cryogenic pool-type nuclear heating reactor according to the inventive embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection mode of the internal structure of the reactor body model;
fig. 4 is a schematic view illustrating a heating rod installed in a core heating section in a science popularization demonstrating device for a low temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor according to the inventive embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a heat exchanger in a science popularization demonstration device for a low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a perspective view of a model of a nuclear heating reactor body in a science popularization demonstration device for the nuclear heating reactor in a cryogenic pool type according to the embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor body model; 1-1, natural circulation flap valve; 1-2, a top cover; 1-3, a lifting cylinder; 1-4, a reactor core heating section; 1-5, a shell; 1-6, a water piling pool; 1-7, heating rod; 2. a circulation loop; 2-1, a jet flow pipeline; 2-2, a loop water return pipeline; 2-3, a primary loop water outlet pipeline; 2-4, a two-loop water pump; 2-5, a second loop pipeline; 2-6, a secondary loop heat exchanger; 2-7, a loop water pump; 2-8, a primary loop heat exchanger; 2-9, three-loop water pump; 2-10, heat supply pipeline; 3. a transparent plate; 4. a residential house model; 5. and (4) a device rack.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the creation of the present invention can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Furthermore, the technical features mentioned in the different embodiments of the invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1-6, a science popularization demonstration device for a low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor comprises a low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor body model 1, a circulation loop 2, a transparent plate 3, a residential building model 4 and a device rack 5, wherein the low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor body model 1 is arranged below the device rack 5, placed on the ground and penetrates through an opening on the device rack 5, the circulation loop 2 is fixed on the lower surface of the device rack 5, the transparent plate 3 is laid on the upper surface of the device rack 5, and the residential building model 4 is placed on the transparent plate 3;
the low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor body model 1 comprises transparent shells 1-5, reactor core heating sections 1-4, ascending cylinders 1-3, top covers 1-2 and natural circulation flap valves 1-1, wherein the reactor core heating sections 1-4 and the ascending cylinders 1-3 are coaxially arranged in the shells 1-5 and are arranged up and down, the bottom ends of the reactor core heating sections 1-4 are fixed at the bottoms of the transparent shells 1-5, the upper ends of the reactor core heating sections 1-4 are connected with the bottom ends of the ascending cylinders 1-3, reactor water pools 1-6 are formed between the inner walls of the transparent shells 1-5 and the outer walls of the ascending cylinders 1-3 and the outer walls of the reactor core heating sections 1-4, a plurality of water inlets communicating the reactor water pools 1-6 with the interiors of the reactor core heating sections 1-4 are arranged at the bottoms of the reactor core heating sections 1-4, the reactor water pools 1-6 and the reactor core heating sections 1-4 are filled with water, the top covers 1-2 are arranged at the tops of the transparent shells 1-5, and the natural circulation flap valves 1-4 are arranged at the lower parts of the ascending cylinders 1-3;
the circulation loop 2 is filled with water, the circulation loop 2 comprises a primary loop water return pipeline 2-2, a primary loop water outlet pipeline 2-3, a jet flow pipeline 2-1, a primary loop water pump 2-7, a primary loop heat exchanger 2-8, a secondary loop water pump 2-4, a secondary loop pipeline 2-5, a secondary loop heat exchanger 2-6, a tertiary loop water pump 2-9 and a heat supply pipeline 2-10, one end of the primary loop water outlet pipeline 2-3 is communicated with the inner wall of the ascending barrel 1-3, the other end is communicated with a hot end inlet of the primary loop heat exchanger 2-8, a hot end outlet of the primary loop heat exchanger 2-8 is communicated with one end of the primary loop water return pipeline 2-2, the other end of the primary loop water return pipeline 2-2 is communicated with the upper part of the shell 1-5, a primary loop water pump 2-7 is arranged on the primary loop water return pipeline 2-2, the jet flow pipeline 2-1 is communicated on the primary loop water return pipeline 2-2, a water outlet of the jet flow pipeline 2-1 faces to the natural circulation clack valve 1, when the jet flow pipeline 2-1 is closed, a natural circulation loop, a cold end outlet of the primary loop heat supply pipeline 2-2 is communicated with a cold end inlet of the secondary loop heat exchanger 2-6 of the secondary loop heat exchanger 2-2, a cold end inlet of the secondary loop heat exchanger 2-6, a cold end inlet of the secondary loop heat exchanger 2-6 is communicated with a cold end inlet of the secondary loop heat exchanger 2-10, the heat supply pipelines 2-10 are provided with three-loop water pumps 2-9, and the heat supply pipelines 2-10 are arranged in the residential building model 4.
The reactor core heating sections 1-4 are hollow cylindrical sections, and eight heating rods 1-7 are uniformly arranged in the hollow cylindrical sections and used for simulating fuel rods in a real reactor.
A plurality of large water inlets are axially and uniformly arranged at the bottom of the hollow cylindrical section, and a plurality of small water inlets are radially and uniformly arranged at the bottom end of the hollow cylindrical section.
Temperature sensors are arranged on the reactor core heating sections 1-4, the primary loop water outlet pipeline 2-3, the primary loop water return pipeline 2-2, the heat supply pipeline 2-10 and the interior of the residential building model 4.
The top cover 1-2 is in threaded connection with the shell 1-5, and the natural circulation flap valve 1-1 is arranged on one side of the reactor core heating section 1-4 by adopting an M2 screw nut and can be opened and closed in a rotating mode; the natural circulation flap valve 1-1 is used as one of the special safety means of the low-temperature pool type nuclear heat supply reactor, is closed under the action of the jet flow pipeline 2-1, and is opened when the main pump of the reactor stops running, so that the natural circulation between the interior of the reactor core and the reactor pool is realized, and the passive discharge of the waste heat of the reactor core is further realized.
Electric wires connected with a plurality of heating rods 1-7 are arranged in the ascending cylinder 1-3. The other function of the ascending cylinder 1-3 is to increase the flow resistance, so that after the natural circulation flap valve 1-1 is opened, the heat of the core heating section 1-4 can more form natural circulation with the reactor water pool 1-6 through the natural circulation flap valve 1-1.
The transparent plate 3, the reactor core heating sections 1-4 and the transparent shells 1-5 are all made of acrylic plates, and the transparent plates can clearly show the internal structure of the reactor, the heat exchange of the primary loop, the secondary loop, the tertiary loop and the heat exchange of all loops by setting transparent materials, so that the heat supply mode and principle are visually shown for a viewer.
The jet flow pipeline 2-1 is communicated with a primary loop water return pipeline 2-2 through a tee joint, and the jet flow pipeline 2-1 provides jet flow for the natural circulation flap valve 1-1 to close the natural circulation flap valve; the heat supply pipelines 2-10 are serpentine pipelines.
In another aspect, the invention provides a demonstration method of a science popularization demonstration device for a low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor, which specifically comprises
When normal working conditions are demonstrated, the heating rods 1-7 and all water pumps normally operate, the natural circulation flap valves 1-1 are closed under the action of the jet flow pipelines 2-1 and internal and external pressure differences, and the heat supply principle is displayed for observers after data are visually processed by temperature sensors arranged in the reactor core heating sections 1-4, the primary loop water outlet pipelines 2-3, the primary loop water return pipelines 2-2, the heat supply pipelines 2-10 and the residential house model 4 by using an acquisition system;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: opening a primary loop water pump 2-7, a secondary loop water pump 2-4 and a tertiary loop water pump 2-9, simultaneously opening heating rods 1-7 of a reactor core heating section 1-4, after each water pump is opened, closing a natural circulation flap valve 1-1 under the impact of internal and external pressure difference and a jet flow pipeline 2-1, and at the moment, keeping the low-temperature pool type nuclear heat supply reactor body model in a normal working state; a loop circulation is powered by a loop water pump 2-7, flows out of a loop water outlet pipeline, exchanges heat with a secondary loop through a loop heat exchanger, and returns to the low-temperature pool type nuclear heat supply reactor body model 1 from a loop water return pipeline and a jet flow pipeline 2-1; the heat is absorbed by the secondary loop circulation from the primary loop heat exchanger 2-8, flows through the secondary loop heat exchanger 2-6 to exchange heat with the tertiary loop under the drive of the secondary loop water pump 2-4, and then returns to the primary loop heat exchanger to absorb heat for continuous circulation; the three loops are powered by a three-loop water pump 2-9, absorb heat from a two-loop heat exchanger 2-6, transmit the heat to a residential building model 4 in a heat supply pipeline 2-11, return to the two-loop heat exchanger 2-6 to absorb the heat and then continue to circulate; temperature sensors are arranged at appropriate positions of the reactor core heating section 1-4, the primary loop water outlet pipeline 2-3, the primary loop water return pipeline 2-2, the heat supply pipeline 2-10, the interior of the residential building model 4 and the like, and data are visually processed by using a data acquisition system, so that the heat supply principle and the working process of the low-temperature pool type nuclear heat supply reactor are visually shown for a viewer;
when the working condition of the hypothetical fluid loss accident is demonstrated, the primary water pump 2-7 is closed, the power of the heating rod 1-7 is gradually reduced, the natural circulation flap valve 1-1 can be observed that the natural circulation flap valve 1-1 is opened by the self gravity after the water outlet pressure of the jet flow pipeline 2-1 is lost, the natural circulation between the interior of the reactor core heating section 1-4 and the reactor core tank 1-6 is established, the temperature of the reactor core heating section 1-4 is not increased, and the safety characteristic of the reactor is demonstrated. The natural circulation is a circulation formed by a natural driving force through a passive means, and the natural driving force is simply a gravity potential difference generated by the temperature difference between the inside of a reactor core and a reactor water tank;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: in the test, under the normal working condition, the temperature of a reactor core heating section 1-4 is 98 ℃, and the temperature of a reactor water tank 1-6 outside the reactor core is 68 ℃; when a main pump, namely a primary water pump 2-7, stops, the power of a heating rod 1-7 in a reactor core heating section 1-4 gradually decreases to 0 to simulate accident conditions, at the moment, a natural circulation flap valve 1-1 can be observed to be opened by means of the gravity of the natural circulation flap valve 1-1 after the jet pressure of a jet flow pipeline 2-1 is lost, the natural circulation flap valve 1-1 is opened to establish natural circulation, namely, hot water in a reactor core channel passes through the natural circulation flap valve 1-1 and flows into a reactor water tank 1-6 under the natural circulation driving force caused by temperature difference, after heat dissipation is carried out in the upper space of the reactor water tank, the hot water sinks to the lower part of the reactor water tank, then, waste heat is brought out to the upper part of the reactor water tank through the reactor core to dissipate heat to form a circulation, the highest temperature in a low-temperature-pool type nuclear heat supply reactor body model can not exceed 59 ℃, waste heat discharge of the reactor core can be realized, the temperature of the reactor core heating section gradually decreases, finally, the condition that the temperature inside and outside the low-temperature-pool type nuclear heat supply reactor core is integrally uniform is achieved, the reactor core is verified that the reactor core is discharged by means of the natural circulation after the shutdown of the main pump, the reactor core accident, the safety characteristic of the reactor is prevented from being exhibited, and the safety reactor, and the safety reaction characteristic of the reactor is exhibited.
The device of this application shows basic heat supply principle and the security characteristic that low temperature pool formula nuclear heating piled for the people, eliminates people's terrorism nuclear psychology, provides the support condition for popularization of future nuclear energy heat supply.
The embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended only to help illustrate the invention. The examples are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand the invention for and utilize the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A science popularization presentation device for low temperature pool formula nuclear heating heap which characterized in that: the reactor comprises a low-temperature pool type nuclear heat supply reactor body model (1), a circulation loop (2), a transparent plate (3), a resident house model (4) and a device rack (5), wherein the low-temperature pool type nuclear heat supply reactor body model (1) is arranged below the device rack (5), the circulation loop (2) is fixed on the lower surface of the device rack (5), the transparent plate (3) is laid on the upper surface of the device rack (5), and the resident house model (4) is placed on the transparent plate (3);
the low-temperature pool type nuclear heat supply reactor body model (1) comprises a transparent shell (1-5), reactor core heating sections (1-4), a lifting cylinder (1-3), a top cover (1-2) and a natural circulation flap valve (1-1), wherein the reactor core heating sections (1-4) and the lifting cylinder (1-3) are coaxially arranged in the shell (1-5) and are arranged up and down, the bottom end of each reactor core heating section (1-4) is fixed at the bottom of the transparent shell (1-5), the upper end of each reactor core heating section (1-4) is connected with the bottom end of the lifting cylinder (1-3), a reactor water pool (1-6) is formed between the inner wall of the transparent shell (1-5) and the outer wall of the lifting cylinder (1-3) and the outer wall of the reactor core heating sections (1-4), a plurality of water inlets communicating the reactor water pools (1-6) and the interior of the reactor core heating sections (1-4) are arranged at the bottom of the reactor core heating sections (1-4), a plurality of heating rods (1-7) are arranged in the reactor core heating section (1-4), water is filled in the reactor water tank (1-6) and the reactor core heating section (1-4), a top cover (1-2) is installed at the top end of the transparent shell (1-5), and a natural circulation flap valve (1-1) is installed at the lower part of the ascending cylinder (1-3) close to the heating section (1-4) of the reactor core;
the circulating loop (2) is filled with water, the circulating loop (2) comprises a primary loop water return pipeline (2-2), a primary loop water outlet pipeline (2-3), a jet flow pipeline (2-1), a primary loop water pump (2-7), a primary loop heat exchanger (2-8), a secondary loop water pump (2-4), a secondary loop pipeline (2-5), a secondary loop heat exchanger (2-6), a tertiary loop water pump (2-9) and a heat supply pipeline (2-10), one end of the primary loop water outlet pipeline (2-3) is communicated with the inner wall of the ascending barrel (1-3), the other end of the primary loop water outlet pipeline is communicated with a hot end inlet of the primary loop heat exchanger (2-8), a hot end outlet of the primary loop heat exchanger (2-8) is communicated with one end of the primary loop water return pipeline (2-2), the other end of the primary loop pipeline (2-2) is communicated with the upper part of the shell (1-5), the water pump (2-7) is arranged on the primary loop water return pipeline (2-2), the jet flow pipeline (2-1) is communicated with the jet flow pipeline (2), the jet flow pipeline (2-1) is closed, and the jet flow valve (1-1) faces the natural jet flow pipeline (1) when the jet flow pipeline (1-1) is closed, the cold end inlet of a primary loop heat exchanger (2-8) is communicated with the hot end outlet of a secondary loop heat exchanger (2-6) through a pipeline, the cold end outlet of the primary loop heat exchanger (2-8) is communicated with the hot end inlet of the secondary loop heat exchanger (2-6) through a secondary loop pipeline (2-5), a secondary loop water pump (2-4) is arranged on the secondary loop pipeline (2-5), the cold end inlet of the secondary loop heat exchanger (2-6) is communicated with one end of a heat supply pipeline (2-10), the cold end outlet of the secondary loop heat exchanger (2-6) is communicated with the other end of the heat supply pipeline (2-10), a tertiary loop water pump (2-9) is arranged on the heat supply pipeline (2-10), and the heat supply pipeline (2-10) is arranged in a residential house model (4).
2. The science popularization demonstration device for the low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor according to claim 1, wherein: the reactor body model (1) is used for demonstrating reactor safety heat supply, the resident house model (4) is used for demonstrating heat supply effect, and the acrylic transparent plate (3) demonstrates the work of circulation circuit (2) for the observer.
3. The science popularization demonstration device for the low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor according to claim 1, wherein: the reactor core heating section (1-4) is a hollow cylindrical section, and eight heating rods (1-7) are uniformly arranged in the hollow cylindrical section.
4. The science popularization demonstration device for the low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor according to claim 4, wherein: a plurality of large water inlets are axially and uniformly arranged at the bottom of the hollow cylindrical section, and a plurality of small water inlets are radially and uniformly arranged at the bottom end of the hollow cylindrical section.
5. The science popularization demonstration device for the low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor according to claim 1, wherein: temperature sensors are arranged on the reactor core heating section (1-4), the primary loop water outlet pipeline (2-3), the primary loop water return pipeline (2-2), the heat supply pipeline (2-10) and the interior of the residential building model (4).
6. The science popularization demonstration device for the low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor according to claim 1, wherein: the top cover (1-2) is in threaded connection with the shell (1-5), and the natural circulation flap valve (1-1) is installed on one side of the reactor core heating section (1-4) by adopting an M2 screw nut and can be opened and closed in a rotating mode.
7. The science popularization demonstrating device for the low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor according to claim 1, wherein: electric wires connected with a plurality of heating rods (1-7) are arranged in the ascending cylinder (1-3).
8. The science popularization demonstration device for the low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor according to claim 1, wherein: the transparent plate (3) and the reactor core heating section (1-4) are made of acrylic plates and the transparent shell (1-5) is made of acrylic plates.
9. The science popularization demonstration device for the low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor according to claim 1, wherein: the jet flow pipeline (2-1) is communicated with a primary loop water return pipeline (2-2) through a tee joint; the heat supply pipeline (2-10) is a snake-shaped pipeline.
10. A demonstration method of a science popularization demonstration apparatus for a thermal reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that: specifically comprises
When normal working conditions are demonstrated, the heating rods (1-7) and all water pumps normally operate, the natural circulation flap valves (1-1) are closed under the action of the jet flow pipelines (2-1) and internal and external pressure differences, and the heat supply principle is demonstrated for a viewer after the data are visually processed by temperature sensors arranged in the reactor core heating sections (1-4), the primary loop water outlet pipelines (2-3), the primary loop water return pipelines (2-2), the heat supply pipelines (2-10) and the residential house model (4) by using an data acquisition system;
when the accident working condition is demonstrated, the power of the heating rod (1-7) is gradually reduced, the primary water pump (2-7) is closed, the natural circulation flap valve (1-1) can be observed that the natural circulation flap valve (1-1) is opened by means of self gravity after the water outlet pressure of the jet flow pipeline (2-1) is lost, natural circulation between the interior of the reactor core heating section (1-4) and the reactor core water tank (1-6) is established, the temperature of the reactor core heating section (1-4) is not increased, and the safety characteristic of the reactor is demonstrated.
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