CN104103325B - Heat derivation system for long-term passive containment - Google Patents
Heat derivation system for long-term passive containment Download PDFInfo
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- CN104103325B CN104103325B CN201410353537.6A CN201410353537A CN104103325B CN 104103325 B CN104103325 B CN 104103325B CN 201410353537 A CN201410353537 A CN 201410353537A CN 104103325 B CN104103325 B CN 104103325B
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- containment
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- cooling water
- cooler
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a heat derivation system for a long-term passive containment. The system mainly comprises a cooling water box (6), separating valves (5 and 6), an internal heat exchanger (1) and an external air cooling condenser-cooler (7), wherein the internal heat exchanger and the external air cooling condenser-cooler both adopt high-efficiency enhanced heat transfer pipes to improve the heat transfer efficiency and reduce the size of the heat exchanger; steam guide plates used for guiding the flow direction of internal airflow and protecting devices and pipelines are arranged inside an internal concrete containment. When accidents, such as LOCA and MSLB, happen, the system can provide long-term and efficient cooling for the containment without external power; temperature and pressure inside the reactor containment are always maintained under the permissible limit under a condition that human intervention and other external cooling measures are eliminated, so that integrity of the containment is maintained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the containment of a kind of nuclear safety and thermal-hydraulic technical field, specifically containment
Heat derives system.
Background technology
When containment is that nuclear power station has an accident, prevent last one safety curtain that radioactive substance leaks.Occurring
During the major accidents such as loca, mslb, containment heat derives system must assure that temperature in containment, pressure are permitted less than design
With scope, thus keeping the integrality of containment.
At present, the pressurized-water reactor nuclear power plant passive containment thermal conduction system that U.S. ap1000 proposes is primarily directed to
Steel concrete containment design.The program needs to arrange gravity water injecting tank above containment, and is made with steel containment vessel
For accident isolation boundary and heat derives interface, the main type of cooling is liquid film evaporation and natural convection air.And for double
For layer concrete containment, due to the thermal conductivity factor of concrete very low it is impossible to interface as heat derives, therefore in safety
Inside shell, setting heat exchanger is a kind of feasible scheme (c s byun, d w jerng, n e todreas, et
al.conceptual design and analysis of a semi-passive containment cooling
System for a large concrete containment.nuclear engineering and design, 2000,
199:227-242;S j cho, b s kim, m g kang, et al.the development of passive design
features for the korean next generation reactor.nuclear engineering and
Design, 2000,201:259-271;S w lee, w p baek, s h chang.assessment of passive
containment cooling concepts for advanced pressurized water
Reactors.ann.nucl.energy, 1997,24 (6): 467-475).Rely on the height between outer tank and internal exchanger
Difference, is derived heat in the way of Natural Circulation, also the water in water tank will be made to evaporate in a large number simultaneously.
It can be seen that, all there is main asking in the above-mentioned design of containment heat derives system including ap1000
Topic is it is simply that can only ensure within a period of time that the temperature and pressure of containment is less than design basis, provides the time of cooling
A length of 72 hours, then system can lose efficacy because the water in water tank is depleted to exceed this time limit.Need after 72 hours to rely on outside
Power just can make system again play a role after Tank Injection Water again, when wanting to extend cooling on the premise of no human intervention
Between, then can only lean on and increase the volume of water tank further realizing, but increasing of water tank capacity can make to bring during generation earthquake again
Impact is significantly increased.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide not needing to provide external impetus, length can be provided for containment under accident conditions
A kind of long-term passive containment thermal conduction system of effective cooling of phase.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of long-term passive containment thermal conduction system of the present invention, is characterized in that: includes containment, internal heat
Device, cooling water tank, air-cooled condensation-cooler, containment includes internal layer concrete containment and outer concrete containment, outer layer
Concrete containment is located at outside internal layer concrete containment, there is air ventilation passage between the two, cooling water tank is arranged on
On outer concrete containment outer wall, internal exchanger is arranged in internal layer concrete containment, and air-cooled condensation-cooler is located at
Inside cooling water tank, cooling water tank away from outer concrete containment side bottom arrange air side entrance, cooling water tank with
Outer concrete containment contacts the top setting air side outlet of side, the low head connection air of air-cooled condensation-cooler
Side entrance, the upper cover connection air side outlet of air-cooled condensation-cooler, air side outlet air ventilation passage, outer layer
Top in the middle part of concrete containment dome is provided with air outlet slit, and the two ends of internal exchanger pass through riser culverts and decline respectively
Pipeline connection cooling water tank.
The present invention can also include:
1st, air-cooled condensation-cooler is no shell heat exchanger, is in tilted layout in cooling water tank, and its heat transfer tube portion is as cold
But the hydrospace of water tank, remainder is located at the end of heat transfer tube portion, upper cover as the air space of cooling water tank, low head
End positioned at air-cooled condensation-cooler opposite side.
2nd, the part that riser culverts are located in internal layer concrete containment installs the first internal insulation valve, and riser culverts are located at
Part outside outer concrete containment installs the first outside isolating valve, declines the portion that pipeline is located in internal layer concrete containment
Divide and the second internal insulation valve is installed, decline pipeline and be located at part installation the second outside isolating valve outside outer concrete containment.
3rd, also include water seal arrangement, the top connecting tube of water seal arrangement is connected with the air space of cooling water tank, water seal arrangement
Lower connection pipe connect with the hydrospace of cooling water tank, the top connecting tube between water seal arrangement and cooling water tank and under
Pipeline is had to bridge between portion's connecting tube.
4th, internal exchanger adopts external finned tube or Integral pin-fin tube, and air-cooled condensation-cooler adopts internally finned tube or interior
Ribbed pipe.
Present invention has an advantage that when there is the accident such as loca, mslb, long-term cooling can be provided for containment, protecting
In card containment, temperature, pressure are less than limiting design value, thus keeping the integrality of containment.This device can achieve: (1) is in thing
Therefore under operating mode, can be directly produced from by the density contrast between single-phase water and steam water interface between internal exchanger and water tank
So circulation is it is not necessary to human intervention;(2) air-cooled condensation-between cooler and outside atmosphere can achieve air Natural Circulation, in time
Drain the heat in water tank, greatly prolong the run time of heat derives system, when the value added of heat in water tank is less than or equal to
During the heat exchange power of air-cooled condensation-cooler, then system can achieve to the long-term cooling in containment.(3) air-cooled condensation-cooling
Device can cool down to the water in cooling water tank and steam simultaneously, substantially reduces the consumption of cooling water, improves the profit of cooling water
With rate, significantly reduce the water loading amount of cooling water tank.(4) air-cooled condensation-cooler can cool down to the water in cooling water tank,
Make water temperature drop, so that the density contrast declining in pipeline and riser culverts increases, Natural Circulation driving force increases, internal heat
The cooling water flow of device increases, and heat exchanger heat exchange power improves, and can more effectively derive the heat in containment.(5) water seal
The setting of device can avoid cooling water tank to be subject to the pollution of external environment condition it is also possible to automatically beat when pressure is higher in water tank
Open, it is to avoid cooling water tank superpressure is destroyed.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the present invention be described in more detail:
In conjunction with Fig. 1, a kind of long-term passive containment thermal conduction system of the present invention, this system mainly includes internal heat
Device 1, riser culverts 2, decline pipeline 3, isolating valve 4,5, cooling water tank 6, air-cooled condensation-cooler 7 and water seal arrangement 8.Wherein,
Internal exchanger 1 is located at the upper space in internal layer concrete containment 12 by proximal wall;Cooling water tank 6 is located at outer concrete
The outside of containment 13, relative position is higher than to pass through riser culverts 2 between internal exchanger, and internal exchanger respectively and decline
Pipeline 3 is connected, and constitutes closed-loop path;Air-cooled condensation-cooler 7 is no shell heat exchanger, positioned at the inside of cooling water tank 6, tilts
Arrangement, a heat-transfer pipe part is placed in hydrospace, and another part is placed in air space, for the water in cooling water tank and steam, significantly
Reduce the consumption of cooling water, significantly extend the continuous operating time of heat derives system, realize the long-term cooling to containment;
Condensation-cooler air side entrance 9 is opened in water tank side wall near basal surface position, by pipeline UNICOM atmosphere outside and air cooling
The low head of condensation-cooler 7;Condensation-cooler air side outlet 10 is opened in water tank side wall near the position of upper surface, passes through
The upper cover of pipeline UNICOM air-cooled condensation-cooler 7 and internal layer concrete containment 12 are constituted with outer concrete containment 13
Annular space.
Internal exchanger 1 uses efficient augmentation of heat transfer pipe, such as external finned tube, Integral pin-fin tube etc., to improve heat transfer efficiency;
Extraneous air condensation-cooler 7 uses efficient augmentation of heat transfer pipe, such as internally finned tube, internally finned tube etc., to improve heat transfer efficiency, to subtract
Little heat exchanger volume.
In riser culverts 2 and decline pipeline 3, it is equipped with inside and outside isolation valve group 4,5, prevents passive heat from leading
Go out system and leak because of the radioactive substance that pipeline breakage brings.
The side wall of cooling water tank 6 is connected with water seal arrangement 8, in inoperative operating mode by cooling water tank 6 and external environment condition every
From, it is to avoid the water in water tank is contaminated, and then leads to pipeline to block;In accident conditions, cooling water tank 6 is due to working medium
Being heated and pressure rising, thus breaking water seal, making cooling water tank 6 via water seal arrangement 8 and outside atmosphere UNICOM.
The top connecting tube of water seal arrangement 8 and the headroom UNICOM of cooling water tank 6, lower connection pipe and cooling water tank 6
Hydrospace UNICOM, has pipeline to bridge between upper and lower connecting tube.
It is provided with air outlet slit 11 above in the middle part of outer concrete containment 13 dome, play between guiding double containment
The effect of air flow, make air by condensing-cooler entrance 9 flows through air-cooled condensation-cooler 7 and air-cooled condensation-cooler
After outlet 10, being flowed out by air outlet slit 11, thus constituting air Natural Circulation with atmosphere outside, being air-cooled condensation-cooling
Device 7 provides enough air mass flows.
This system adopts the scheme of multigroup arrangement and redundant arrangement in containment, to improve the inherent safety of system.
The operation principle of the present invention is as follows: when there is fracture in main pipeline of reactor or rupture main steam line occurs, meeting
There are a large amount of steam to be released into containment, and mix with the air in containment, so that the temperature and pressure in containment is raised.
When the pressure in containment reaches a certain threshold value, the pressure sensor in containment can send high-voltage signal to power station master control
Room processed, starts containment heat derives system.After containment heat derives system starts, the water in cooling water tank is by down-comer
Road 3 flows into internal exchanger 1, and is progressively heated up, and declines the water in pipeline and riser culverts and relies on density contrast to be produced from
So circulate, the heat in containment imported cooling water tank, so that the temperature in cooling water tank 6 is increased, air-cooled condensation-cooler with
Startup optimization, air by condensing-cooler air side entrance 9 enters air-cooled condensation-cooler 7, after abundant heat exchange by condensation-
Cooler air side outlet 10 flows out, the annular space through internal layer concrete containment 12 and outer concrete containment 13,
Eventually air is entered by air outlet slit 11, realize air Natural Circulation, take away the heat in cooling water tank.
Accident occur initial stage, due to enter the quantity of steam in containment larger so that in containment temperature rise very
Hurry up, the heat exchange power of air-cooled condensation-cooler 7 be could possibly be higher than so that cooling down by the heat that internal exchanger imports cooling water tank
Steam, pressure rise in water tank is produced, when the Opening pressure that tank pressure is higher than water seal arrangement 8, water seal arrangement is certainly in water tank 6
Move and open, cooling water tank 6 is directly put to idle discharge, and water seal after pressure release re-establishes, isolate cooling water tank 6 and external environment condition.
In the accident middle and later periods, enter the quantity of steam in containment and gradually tend towards stability or increase over time and reduce.
Now, internal exchanger imports the heat of cooling water tank by the exchange capability of heat less than or equal to air-cooled condensation-cooler 7, and air cooling is cold
Solidifying-cooler 7 is effectively cooled down to the remaining water in cooling water tank 6 and upper steam and is condensed, it is to avoid the damage of cooling water
Consumption, and then realize to the long-term cooling in containment, substantially increase the security of containment.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of long-term passive containment thermal conduction system, is characterized in that: includes containment, internal exchanger, cooling water
Case, air-cooled condensation-cooler, containment includes internal layer concrete containment and outer concrete containment, and outer concrete is pacified
Full shell is located at outside internal layer concrete containment, there is air ventilation passage between the two, cooling water tank is arranged on outer layer coagulation
On native containment outer wall, internal exchanger is arranged in internal layer concrete containment, and air-cooled condensation-cooler is located at cooling water tank
Inside, cooling water tank arranges air side entrance, cooling water tank and outer layer coagulation away from the bottom of outer concrete containment side
Native containment contacts the top setting air side outlet of side, the low head connection air side entrance of air-cooled condensation-cooler, sky
The upper cover connection air side outlet of cold solidifying-cooler, air side outlet air ventilation passage, outer concrete safety
Top in the middle part of shell dome is provided with air outlet slit, and riser culverts are passed through at the two ends of internal exchanger respectively and decline pipeline connection is cold
But water tank;
Air-cooled condensation-cooler is no shell heat exchanger, is in tilted layout in cooling water tank, and its heat transfer tube portion is as cooling water tank
Hydrospace, as the air space of cooling water tank, low head is located at the end of heat transfer tube portion to remainder, and upper cover is located at sky
The end of cold solidifying-cooler opposite side.
2. a kind of long-term passive containment thermal conduction system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: riser culverts position
Part in internal layer concrete containment installs the first internal insulation valve, and riser culverts are located at outside outer concrete containment
Part installs the first outside isolating valve, declines part in internal layer concrete containment for the pipeline and installs the second internal insulation
Valve, declines pipeline and is located at the outside isolating valve of part installation second outside outer concrete containment.
3. a kind of long-term passive containment thermal conduction system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: also include
Water seal arrangement, the top connecting tube of water seal arrangement is connected with the air space of cooling water tank, the lower connection pipe of water seal arrangement with cold
But the hydrospace connection of water tank, has pipeline between the top connecting tube between water seal arrangement and cooling water tank and lower connection pipe
Bridging.
4. a kind of long-term passive containment thermal conduction system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: inside is changed
Hot device adopts external finned tube or Integral pin-fin tube, and air-cooled condensation-cooler adopts internally finned tube or internally finned tube.
5. a kind of long-term passive containment thermal conduction system according to claim 3, is characterized in that: internal exchanger
Using external finned tube or Integral pin-fin tube, air-cooled condensation-cooler adopts internally finned tube or internally finned tube.
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201410353537.6A CN104103325B (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2014-07-24 | Heat derivation system for long-term passive containment |
PCT/CN2014/001003 WO2016011569A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2014-11-13 | Containment cooling system, and containment and reactor pressure vessel joint cooling system |
JP2017504086A JP6277322B2 (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2014-11-13 | PCV cooling system, and PCV / reactor pressure vessel joint cooling system |
CN201480075917.6A CN106104701B (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2014-11-13 | Containment cooling system and containment combine cooling system with reactor pressure vessel |
CA2954136A CA2954136C (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2014-11-13 | Containment cooling system and containment and reactor pressure vessel joint cooling system |
KR1020167034756A KR102085983B1 (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2014-11-13 | Containment cooling system, and containment and reactor pressure vessel joint cooling system |
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CN201410353537.6A CN104103325B (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2014-07-24 | Heat derivation system for long-term passive containment |
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CN104103325A CN104103325A (en) | 2014-10-15 |
CN104103325B true CN104103325B (en) | 2017-01-25 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP6277322B2 (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2018-02-07 | ハルビン エンジニアリング ユニバーシティ | PCV cooling system, and PCV / reactor pressure vessel joint cooling system |
CN104681107B (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2017-06-06 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A kind of inner casing failure for preventing double containment and the system and method for radioactivity release |
CN108154942B (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2023-09-15 | 国核示范电站有限责任公司 | Passive containment external air cooler device |
CN108122622B (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2021-05-18 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Cooling water tank of passive containment cooling system |
CN110400644B (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2022-09-27 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Passive containment heat discharge structure |
CN112071451B (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2022-11-01 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Multifunctional double-layer concrete containment system of pressurized water reactor |
CN113140335B (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2022-03-22 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Passive containment heat exporting system with internal heat exchanger protection device |
CN113593733A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-11-02 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Passive steel containment heat exporting system |
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