CN102820067B - Natural circulation heat exchanger for discharging waste heat of supercritical water reactor - Google Patents
Natural circulation heat exchanger for discharging waste heat of supercritical water reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102820067B CN102820067B CN201210301144.1A CN201210301144A CN102820067B CN 102820067 B CN102820067 B CN 102820067B CN 201210301144 A CN201210301144 A CN 201210301144A CN 102820067 B CN102820067 B CN 102820067B
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- supercritical water
- cylindrical shell
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- cold fluid
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear power plant safety and especially relates to a natural circulation heat exchanger for discharging waste heat of a supercritical water reactor. Supercritical water flows in a heat fluid supercritical water annular channel, so as to form a first collateral circulation; the heat fluid supercritical water annular channel is a narrow annular pipe; and cold fluid water flows in a cold fluid water descending channel, a lower chamber, a cold fluid water ascending channel and a top chamber, so as to for a secondary collateral circulation. Under the condition of normal tripping or accident emergency tripping of the supercritical water reactor, a supercritical narrow slit natural circulation heat exchanger is used for discharging the waste heat; without any external force, the system failure probability caused by a dynamic part fault and a manual operation error is effectively reduced; and the running safety of the reactor is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of nuclear power, particularly a kind of heat interchanger of the Natural Circulation for supercritical water reaction heap Residual heat removal.
Background technology
Supercritical water reactor is water-cooled reactor unique in the following heap-type of six kinds of forth generation.It adopts an once-through cycle design, chooses supercritical water as Core cooling agent, does not undergo phase transition.Reactor core outlet parameter: 25MPa, 500 DEG C, the thermal efficiency can reach 45%.Unit thermal power can reach more than 1700MW.
For the supercritical water reactor of an employing once-through cycle design, Core cooling agent loop is directly connected with the regular circulation such as steam turbine, feed-water heater loop, will there is more potential risk in operation, must adhere to and guarantee the principle of safety first.Guarantee that one of subject matter of supercritical water reaction heap safety will under any circumstance ensure dredging of nuclear fuel heat release exactly.Under accidental conditions, the heat that supercritical water reactor nuclear fission and fission product decay produce directly is taken away by an once-through cycle by Main Coolant; And when reactor shutdown, although be that the core power of mechanism disappears very soon with fission, the heat that the fission fragment produced due to fission and their decay thing discharge in radioactive decay process also exists, and same needs derives in time.Except loss of-coolant accident (LOCA), under the emergency shut-down operating mode that all basis accident cause, residual heat removal system all can be utilized to derive residual heat of nuclear core.
Passive technology introduces commercial off-the-shelf nuclear reactor residual heat removal system gradually.For three generations AP1000 nuclear power technology, utilize passive natural circulation to realize Residual heat removal, do not need the action of operator to alleviate accident, the possibility causing event to be upgraded due to manual operation mistake after the accident that decreases occurs.Passive natural circulation utilizes natural force to drive, and improves the reliability of system cloud gray model, and does not need to adopt the active equipment such as ebullator, diesel engine, decreases the system cloud gray model failure caused because of power fail or mechanical fault.Present stage, not yet build up supercritical water reactor Demonstration Station in the world.Research both at home and abroad for supercritical water reactor is also still in conceptual phase, focuses mostly in fields such as core internal structure design, neutronics specificity analysis and Thermotechnical Performance Analysis of Ans.And comprise Residual heat removal design of heat exchanger for supercritical water reactor Residual heat removal heat-exchange system, also do not carry out correlative study.Supercritical water reactor is similar to Fukushima, Japan nuclear power station and adopts an once-through cycle, once have an accident and radioactive leak enters coolant circulation circuit, will be brought into the equipment such as steam turbine, feed-water heater.Now, if utilize a former closed circuit reactor core heat to be derived, radiomaterial will be made to diffuse to nuclear reactor safety shell outside, jeopardize the safety of surrounding environment.In addition, supercritical water reactor coolant flow is large, imports and exports temperature rise large.Visible, effectively isolate radiomaterial, derive the key safety problems such as residual heat of nuclear core in time, be the design of supercritical water reactor residual heat removal system and propose comparatively hang-up.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for avoiding supercritical water reactor reactor core inner radiation content leaks under accident conditions, guarantee to have an accident after the residual heat of nuclear core very first time derive, thus provide a kind of heat interchanger of the Natural Circulation for supercritical water reaction heap Residual heat removal.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
The agent structure of this heat interchanger is from top to bottom made up of top end cover, housing and low head;
On the top of housing, the upper spacer be arranged in parallel and lower clapboard are set; Top chamber is formed between upper spacer and top end cover; Upper spacer, between lower clapboard and housing, form upper chamber; Multiple cylindrical shell be communicated with upper chamber that is that be evenly arranged is set in the below of lower clapboard, forms cold fluid water decline passway between the outer wall of cylindrical shell and housing, lower clapboard, between the lower wall of cylindrical shell and low head, form lower chamber; In each cylindrical shell, arrange one run through cylindrical shell and upper chamber, the inner barrel being communicated with top chamber and lower chamber, between cylindrical shell and inner barrel, form hot fluid supercritical water circular passage;
In top end cover, the cold fluid water out be communicated with top chamber is set; Housing arranges the hot fluid supercritical water entrance be communicated with upper chamber, the cold fluid water inlet falling channel connection with cold fluid is under water set below the lower clapboard of housing; On each cylindrical shell, a hot fluid supercritical water being communicated with the external world and inner barrel is set and exports.
Described cylindrical shell is right cylinder or square body, and quantity is 4-12; The shape of inner barrel is identical with cylindrical shell.
Described hot fluid supercritical water entrance passes into supercritical water, flows in hot fluid supercritical water circular passage, is exported flow out by hot fluid supercritical water, forms primary side circulation; Cold fluid water inlet passes into cold flow water, at cold fluid water decline passway, lower chamber, the cold fluid water rising passway be made up of inner barrel and top chamber indoor moveable, is flowed out by cold fluid water out, forms secondary side circulation.
Described primary side circulation and secondary side circulation are Natural Circulation, and in closed circuit, introduce helium to strengthen Natural Circulation driving.
Gap between described cylindrical shell and inner barrel is 10-20mm.
Between described top end cover and housing, between housing and low head, all adopt Flange joint.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
This heat interchanger utilizes the density difference of fluid self to realize the device of natural circulation heat transfer at bilateral.Primary side circulation and secondary side circulation all adopt straight tubing flow, reduce resistance and enhance natural-circulation capacity.And in order to strengthen primary side circulation and secondary side circulate between heat transfer effect, adopt the comprehensive heat exchange mode of adverse current after first following current.
Heat interchanger is arranged in containment inside, and supercritical pressure side occurs to be limited in containment by radiomaterial when leaking, safe and reliable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the side cutaway view of heat interchanger of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is heat interchanger xsect and inside and outside cylindrical shell A-A sectional top view when being circle.
Fig. 3 is heat interchanger xsect and inside and outside cylindrical shell A-A sectional top view when being square.
Number in the figure:
The outlet of 1-top end cover, 2-upper spacer, 3-hot fluid supercritical water entrance, 4-cold fluid water inlet, 5-housing, 6-cold fluid water rising passway, 7-flange, 8-low head, 9-lower chamber, 10-hot fluid supercritical water, 11-cold fluid water decline passway, 12-hot fluid supercritical water circular passage, 13-lower clapboard, 14-upper chamber, 15-cold fluid water out, 16-top chamber, 17-cylindrical shell, 18-inner barrel.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of heat interchanger of the Natural Circulation for supercritical water reaction heap Residual heat removal, below by accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described with concrete enforcement.
The natural-circulation heat exchanger of supercritical water reactor is mainly used in the Residual heat removal of supercritical water reactor under the accident conditions except cut accident.After accident occurs, the main steam valve closing before turbine inlet, nuclear power station will automatically switch to Natural Circulation residual heat removal system and run, and now Residual heat removal heat interchanger puts into operation.
As shown in Figure 1, its agent structure is from top to bottom made up of top end cover 1, housing 5 and low head 8 heat exchanger structure of the present invention, by Flange joint between three, as connected the flange 7 of housing 5 and low head 8.
On the top of housing 5, the upper spacer 2 be arranged in parallel and lower clapboard 13 are set; Top chamber 16 is formed between upper spacer 2 and top end cover 1; Upper spacer 2, between lower clapboard 13 and housing 5, form upper chamber 14; Multiple cylindrical shell 17 be communicated with upper chamber 14 that is that be evenly arranged is set in the below of lower clapboard 2, forms cold fluid water decline passway 11 between the outer wall of cylindrical shell 17 and housing 5, lower clapboard 13, between the lower wall of cylindrical shell 17 and low head 8, form lower chamber 9; In each cylindrical shell 17, arrange one run through cylindrical shell 17 and upper chamber 14, the inner barrel 18 being communicated with top chamber 16 and lower chamber 9, between cylindrical shell 17 and inner barrel 18, form hot fluid supercritical water circular passage 12.Cylindrical shell 17 is right cylinder or square body, and quantity is 4, and the shape of inner barrel 18 is identical with cylindrical shell; Gap between cylindrical shell 17 and inner barrel 18 is 10-20mm, gets 15mm in the present embodiment.
In top end cover 1, the cold fluid water out 15 be communicated with top chamber 16 is set; Housing 5 arranges the hot fluid supercritical water entrance 3 be communicated with upper chamber 14, the cold fluid water inlet 4 be communicated with cold fluid water decline passway 11 is set below the lower clapboard 13 of housing 5; On each cylindrical shell 17, a hot fluid supercritical water being communicated with the external world and cylindrical shell 17 inside is set and exports 10.
The type of flow in heat interchanger is, enter from reactor core supercritical water out from hot fluid supercritical water entrance 3, and be full of upper chamber 14, then hot fluid supercritical water circular passage 12 is entered, after adopting katabatic drainage mode and cold fluid to realize heat exchange, flow out through hot fluid supercritical water outlet 10, form primary side circulation.Chilled water enters cold fluid water decline passway 11 through cold fluid water inlet 4, with the contact outside heat exchange of hot fluid supercritical water circular passage 12; Then the cold fluid water collected in lower chamber 9 enters cold fluid water rising passway 6, with the interior side contacts heat exchange of hot fluid supercritical water circular passage 12.Finally enter top chamber 16 to flow out through cold fluid water out 15, form secondary side circulation.
Primary side circulation and secondary side circulation are Natural Circulation, and in closed circuit, introduce helium to strengthen Natural Circulation driving.
Temperature about 350 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C when primary side supercritical water enters heat interchanger, temperature about 150 DEG C ~ 300 DEG C during outflow heat exchanger, pressure 20MPa ~ 25MPa, flow 1000kg/s ~ 1500kg/s; Temperature about 50 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C when secondary side water enters heat interchanger, temperature about 100 DEG C ~ 250 DEG C during outflow heat exchanger, pressure 1MPa ~ 5MPa, flow 1000kg/s ~ 2000kg/s.
In addition, be also provided with forced circulation bypass for subsequent use at designed Residual heat removal heat interchanger secondary side, comprise ebullator and valve.When the overcritical water temperature of exchanger heat fluid egress point does not reach requirement, start forced circulation loop through control system effect, drop into ebullator and promote secondary side heat exchange.
Claims (5)
1. for a natural-circulation heat exchanger for supercritical water reactor Residual heat removal, it is characterized in that: its agent structure is from top to bottom made up of top end cover (1), housing (5) and low head (8);
On the top of housing (5), the upper spacer (2) be arranged in parallel and lower clapboard (13) are set; Top chamber (16) is formed between upper spacer (2) and top end cover (1); Upper spacer (2), between lower clapboard (13) and housing (5), form upper chamber (14); Multiple cylindrical shell (17) be communicated with upper chamber (14) that is that be evenly arranged is set in the below of lower clapboard (13), form cold fluid water decline passway (11) between the outer wall of cylindrical shell (17) and housing (5), lower clapboard (13), between the lower wall of cylindrical shell (17) and low head (8), form lower chamber (9); In each cylindrical shell (17), arrange one run through cylindrical shell (17) and upper chamber (14), the inner barrel (18) being communicated with top chamber (16) and lower chamber (9), between cylindrical shell (17) and inner barrel (18), form hot fluid supercritical water circular passage (12);
In top end cover (1), the cold fluid water out (15) be communicated with top chamber (16) is set; Above arrange the hot fluid supercritical water entrance (3) be communicated with upper chamber (14) at housing (5), lower clapboard (13) below in housing (5) arranges the cold fluid water inlet (4) be communicated with cold fluid water decline passway (11); On each cylindrical shell (17), a hot fluid supercritical water being communicated with the external world inner with cylindrical shell (17) is set and exports (10);
Described hot fluid supercritical water entrance (3) passes into supercritical water, flows in hot fluid supercritical water circular passage (12), exports (10) flow out by hot fluid supercritical water, forms primary side circulation; Cold fluid water inlet (4) passes into cold fluid water, flow in cold fluid water decline passway (11), lower chamber (9), the cold fluid water rising passway (6) be made up of inner barrel (18) and top chamber (16), flowed out by cold fluid water out (15), form secondary side circulation.
2. a kind of natural-circulation heat exchanger for supercritical water reactor Residual heat removal according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described cylindrical shell (17) is right cylinder or square body, and quantity is 4-12; The shape of inner barrel (18) is identical with cylindrical shell (17).
3. a kind of natural-circulation heat exchanger for supercritical water reactor Residual heat removal according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described primary side circulation and secondary side circulation are Natural Circulation, and in closed circuit, introduces helium to strengthen Natural Circulation driving.
4. a kind of natural-circulation heat exchanger for supercritical water reactor Residual heat removal according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the gap between described cylindrical shell (17) and inner barrel (18) is 10-20mm.
5. a kind of natural-circulation heat exchanger for supercritical water reactor Residual heat removal according to claim 1, is characterized in that: all adopt Flange joint between described top end cover (1) and housing (5), between housing (5) and low head (8).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210301144.1A CN102820067B (en) | 2012-08-22 | 2012-08-22 | Natural circulation heat exchanger for discharging waste heat of supercritical water reactor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210301144.1A CN102820067B (en) | 2012-08-22 | 2012-08-22 | Natural circulation heat exchanger for discharging waste heat of supercritical water reactor |
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| CN102820067A CN102820067A (en) | 2012-12-12 |
| CN102820067B true CN102820067B (en) | 2015-04-15 |
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| CN201210301144.1A Expired - Fee Related CN102820067B (en) | 2012-08-22 | 2012-08-22 | Natural circulation heat exchanger for discharging waste heat of supercritical water reactor |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104347125A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-11 | 华北电力大学 | Double-channel natural circulation system device |
| CN103902784A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-02 | 华北电力大学 | Safety analysis calculating device for transient nuclear heat coupling of supercritical water reactor |
| CN106782697B (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-12-01 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | A kind of compact heat exchanger |
| CN107369479B (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2023-08-22 | 清华大学天津高端装备研究院 | Differential pressure-based passive shutdown system for an integrated stack and a nuclear reactor |
| CN108414406B (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2024-04-12 | 华北电力大学 | Supercritical window experiment system |
| CN109443043B (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-09-27 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of lead-supercritical carbon dioxide Intermediate Heat Exchanger |
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| JPH0325394A (en) * | 1989-06-23 | 1991-02-04 | Hitachi Ltd | Nuclear reactor |
| JP2002031694A (en) * | 2000-07-14 | 2002-01-31 | Toshiba Corp | Supercritical pressure water reactor and its power plant |
| CN201130542Y (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2008-10-08 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Sodium-sodium heat exchanger |
| CN101964214A (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2011-02-02 | 西安交通大学 | Single-phase moderator natural circulating device for reactor cold neutron source |
| CN202189562U (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2012-04-11 | 江苏宝得换热设备有限公司 | Heat exchanger |
| CN202770265U (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2013-03-06 | 华北电力大学 | Natural circulation heat exchanger for supercritical water reactor waste heat removing |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9984777B2 (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2018-05-29 | Nuscale Power, Llc | Passive emergency feedwater system |
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2012
- 2012-08-22 CN CN201210301144.1A patent/CN102820067B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0325394A (en) * | 1989-06-23 | 1991-02-04 | Hitachi Ltd | Nuclear reactor |
| JP2002031694A (en) * | 2000-07-14 | 2002-01-31 | Toshiba Corp | Supercritical pressure water reactor and its power plant |
| CN201130542Y (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2008-10-08 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Sodium-sodium heat exchanger |
| CN101964214A (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2011-02-02 | 西安交通大学 | Single-phase moderator natural circulating device for reactor cold neutron source |
| CN202189562U (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2012-04-11 | 江苏宝得换热设备有限公司 | Heat exchanger |
| CN202770265U (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2013-03-06 | 华北电力大学 | Natural circulation heat exchanger for supercritical water reactor waste heat removing |
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| CN102820067A (en) | 2012-12-12 |
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