CN102820067A - Natural circulation heat exchanger for discharging waste heat of supercritical water reactor - Google Patents
Natural circulation heat exchanger for discharging waste heat of supercritical water reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102820067A CN102820067A CN2012103011441A CN201210301144A CN102820067A CN 102820067 A CN102820067 A CN 102820067A CN 2012103011441 A CN2012103011441 A CN 2012103011441A CN 201210301144 A CN201210301144 A CN 201210301144A CN 102820067 A CN102820067 A CN 102820067A
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- water
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- supercritical water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear power plant safety and especially relates to a natural circulation heat exchanger for discharging waste heat of a supercritical water reactor. Supercritical water flows in a heat fluid supercritical water annular channel, so as to form a first collateral circulation; the heat fluid supercritical water annular channel is a narrow annular pipe; and cold fluid water flows in a cold fluid water descending channel, a lower chamber, a cold fluid water ascending channel and a top chamber, so as to for a secondary collateral circulation. Under the condition of normal tripping or accident emergency tripping of the supercritical water reactor, a supercritical narrow slit natural circulation heat exchanger is used for discharging the waste heat; without any external force, the system failure probability caused by a dynamic part fault and a manual operation error is effectively reduced; and the running safety of the reactor is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the nuclear plant safety technical field, particularly a kind of heat interchanger that is used for the Natural Circulation of supercritical water reaction heap waste heat discharge.
Background technology
Overcritical water-water reactor is unique water-cooled reactor in the following heap type of six kind of the 4th generation.It adopts a direct current cyclic design, chooses supercritical water as the reactor core cooling medium, does not undergo phase transition.Reactor core outlet parameter: 25MPa, 500 ℃, the thermal efficiency can reach 45%.The unit thermal power can reach more than the 1700MW.
For the overcritical water-water reactor that adopts a direct current cyclic design, the reactor core coolant circuit directly is connected with regular circulation loops such as steam turbine, feed-water heaters, in servicely will have more potential risk, must adhere to and guarantee the principle of safety first.One of subject matter of guaranteeing supercritical water reaction heap safety will under any circumstance guarantee dredging of nuclear fuel heat release exactly.Under normal operating condition, the heat that fission of supercritical water core and fission product decay produce is directly taken away through a direct current circulation by Main Coolant; And when the reactor shutdown, though be that the nuclear power of mechanism disappears very soon with the fission because the heat that fission fragment that fission produces and their decay thing discharge in the radioactivity decay process also exists, same need timely derivation.Except loss of-coolant accident (LOCA), under the emergency shut-down operating mode that all benchmark accidents cause, all can utilize residual heat removal system to derive residual heat of nuclear core.
Passive technology is being introduced commercial off-the-shelf nuclear reactor residual heat removal system gradually.With three generations AP1000 nuclear power technology is example, utilizes non-active Natural Circulation to realize the waste heat discharge, does not need operator's action to come the alleviation accident, has reduced accident the back causes the incident upgrading owing to the manual operation mistake possibility takes place.Non-active Natural Circulation utilizes natural force to drive, and has improved reliability of system operation, and need not adopt active equipment such as ebullator, diesel engine, has reduced the system's operation failure that causes because of power fail or mechanical fault.Present stage, do not build up overcritical water-water reactor demonstration power station in the world as yet.Research to overcritical water-water reactor both at home and abroad also still is in conceptual phase, focuses mostly in fields such as core internal structure design, neutronics specificity analysis and thermal characteristics analyses.Comprise waste heat discharge design of heat exchanger and discharge heat-exchange system, also do not carry out correlative study to overcritical water-water reactor waste heat.Overcritical water-water reactor is similar to the Fukushima, Japan nuclear power station and adopts a direct current circulation, in case have an accident and radioactive leak entering coolant circulation circuit, will be brought into equipment such as steam turbine, feed-water heater.At this moment, if utilize a former closed circuit that the reactor core heat is derived, it is outside to make radiomaterial diffuse to the nuclear reactor safety shell, jeopardizes the safety of surrounding environment.In addition, supercritical water reactor coolant flow is big, and it is big to import and export temperature rise.It is thus clear that, isolate radiomaterial effectively, derive key safety problem such as residual heat of nuclear core in time, be overcritical water-water reactor residual heat removal system design and propose than hang-up.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is that overcritical water-water reactor reactor core inner radiation property material leaks under the accident conditions in order to avoid, the back residual heat of nuclear core very first time of guaranteeing to have an accident derives, thereby a kind of heat interchanger that is used for the Natural Circulation that supercritical water reaction heap waste heat discharges is provided.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
The agent structure of this heat interchanger from top to bottom is made up of top end cover, housing and low head;
Top at housing is provided with upper spacer and the lower clapboard that is arranged in parallel; Constitute top chamber between upper spacer and the top end cover; Constitute upper chamber between upper spacer, lower clapboard and the housing; The cylindrical shell that is communicated with upper chamber of a plurality of even layouts is set below lower clapboard, constitutes cold fluid between the outer wall of cylindrical shell and housing, the lower clapboard and fall passage under water, constitute lower chamber between the lower wall of cylindrical shell and the low head; An inner barrel that runs through cylindrical shell and upper chamber, is communicated with top chamber and lower chamber is set in each cylindrical shell, constitutes hot fluid supercritical water circular passage between cylindrical shell and the inner barrel;
On top end cover, the cold fluid water out that is communicated with top chamber is set; The hot fluid supercritical water inlet that is communicated with upper chamber is set on housing, the cold fluid water inlet that falls channel connection with cold fluid under water is set below the lower clapboard of housing; On each cylindrical shell, be provided with one and be communicated with hot fluid supercritical water outlet extraneous and barrel.
Said cylindrical shell is right cylinder or square body, and quantity is 4-12; The shape of inner barrel is identical with cylindrical shell.
Said hot fluid supercritical water inlet feeds supercritical water, in hot fluid supercritical water circular passage, flows, and is flowed out by the outlet of hot fluid supercritical water, constitutes the primary side circulation; The cold fluid water inlet feeds cold flow water, and waterborne the liter in passage and the top chamber of cold fluid that fall passage, lower chamber under water at cold fluid, is made up of inner barrel flowed, and flowed out by the cold fluid water out, constitutes the secondary side circulation.
Said primary side circulation and secondary side circulation are Natural Circulation, and in closed circuit, introduce helium with enhanced natural circulation driving.
Gap between said cylindrical shell and the inner barrel is 10-20mm.
Between said top end cover and the housing, all adopt flange to be connected between housing and the low head.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
This heat interchanger utilizes the density difference of fluid self to realize the device of natural circulation heat transfer at bilateral.Primary side circulation and secondary side circulation all adopt straight tube to flow, and have reduced resistance and have strengthened natural-circulation capacity.And, adopt the comprehensive heat exchange mode of adverse current after the first following current in order to strengthen the primary side circulation heat exchange effect between circulating with secondary side.
Heat interchanger is arranged in containment inside, when supercritical pressure one side takes place to leak radiomaterial is limited in the containment, and is safe and reliable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the side cutaway view of heat interchanger according to the invention.
Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional top view when cylindrical shell was circle inside and outside the heat interchanger xsect reached.
Fig. 3 is that heat interchanger xsect and inside and outside cylindrical shell are the A-A sectional top view when square.
Label among the figure:
1-top end cover, 2-upper spacer, 3-hot fluid supercritical water inlet, 4-cold fluid water inlet, 5-housing, 6-cold fluid be waterborne to be risen passage, 7-flange, 8-low head, 9-lower chamber, the outlet of 10-hot fluid supercritical water, 11-cold fluid and falls passage, 12-hot fluid supercritical water circular passage, 13-lower clapboard, 14-upper chamber, 15-cold fluid water out, 16-top chamber, 17-cylindrical shell, 18-inner barrel under water.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of heat interchanger that is used for the Natural Circulation of supercritical water reaction heap waste heat discharge, through accompanying drawing and practical implementation the present invention is further specified below.
The Natural Circulation heat interchanger of overcritical water-water reactor is mainly used in the waste heat of overcritical water-water reactor under the accident conditions except that the cut accident and discharges.After the accident generation, the main steam valve before the steam turbine inlet is closed, and nuclear power station will automatically switch to the operation of Natural Circulation residual heat removal system, and waste heat discharge this moment heat interchanger puts into operation.
Heat exchanger structure of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1, and its agent structure from top to bottom is made up of top end cover 1, housing 5 and low head 8, is connected by flange between the three, as connecting the flange 7 of housing 5 and low head 8.
The upper spacer 2 and lower clapboard 13 that is arranged in parallel is set on the top of housing 5; Constitute top chamber 16 between upper spacer 2 and the top end cover 1; Constitute upper chamber 14 between upper spacer 2, lower clapboard 13 and the housing 5; The cylindrical shell 17 that is communicated with upper chamber 14 of a plurality of even layouts is set below lower clapboard 2, constitutes cold fluid between the outer wall of cylindrical shell 17 and housing 5, the lower clapboard 13 and fall passage 11 under water, constitute lower chamber 9 between the lower wall of cylindrical shell 17 and the low head 8; An inner barrel 18 that runs through cylindrical shell 17 and upper chamber 14, is communicated with top chamber 16 and lower chamber 9 is set in each cylindrical shell 17, constitutes hot fluid supercritical water circular passage 12 between cylindrical shell 17 and the inner barrel 18.Cylindrical shell 17 is right cylinder or square body, and quantity is 4, and the shape of inner barrel 18 is identical with cylindrical shell; Gap between cylindrical shell 17 and the inner barrel 18 is 10-20mm, gets 15mm in the present embodiment.
On top end cover 1, the cold fluid water out 15 that is communicated with top chamber 16 is set; The hot fluid supercritical water inlet 3 that is communicated with upper chamber 14 is set on housing 5, below the lower clapboard 13 of housing 5, is provided with and falls the cold fluid water inlet 4 that passage 11 is communicated with under water with cold fluid; On each cylindrical shell 17, be provided with one and be communicated with hot fluid supercritical waters outlets 10 extraneous and cylindrical shell 17 inside.
The type of flow in the heat interchanger does; The supercritical water that comes out from reactor core gets into from hot fluid supercritical water inlet 3; And be full of upper chamber 14, get into hot fluid supercritical water circular passage 12 then, after employing katabatic drainage mode and cold fluid are realized heat exchange; Flow out through hot fluid supercritical water outlet 10, constitute the primary side circulation.Chilled water gets into cold fluid through cold fluid water inlet 4 and falls passage 11 under water, with the outside contact heat-exchanging of hot fluid supercritical water circular passage 12; The cold fluid water that collects in then in the lower chamber 9 gets into the cold fluid passage 6 that rises waterborne, with the inboard contact heat-exchanging of hot fluid supercritical water circular passage 12.Get into top chamber 16 at last and flow out, constitute the secondary side circulation through cold fluid water out 15.
Primary side circulation and secondary side circulation are Natural Circulation, and in closed circuit, introduce helium with enhanced natural circulation driving.
Temperature was about 350 ℃ ~ 500 ℃ when the primary side supercritical water got into heat interchanger, and temperature is about 150 ℃ ~ 300 ℃ during outflow heat exchanger, pressure 20MPa ~ 25MPa, flow 1000kg/s ~ 1500kg/s; Temperature was about 50 ℃ ~ 80 ℃ when secondary side water got into heat interchanger, and temperature is about 100 ℃ ~ 250 ℃ during outflow heat exchanger, pressure 1MPa ~ 5MPa, flow 1000kg/s ~ 2000kg/s.
In addition, discharge the heat interchanger secondary side at the waste heat that is designed and also be provided with subsequent use forced circulation bypass, comprise ebullator and valve.When the overcritical water temperature of exchanger heat fluid egress point does not reach requirement, start the forced circulation loop through the control system effect, drop into ebullator and promote the secondary side heat exchange.
Claims (6)
1. one kind is used for the Natural Circulation heat interchanger that overcritical water-water reactor waste heat is discharged, and it is characterized in that: its agent structure from top to bottom is made up of top end cover (1), housing (5) and low head (8);
Top at housing (5) is provided with upper spacer (2) and the lower clapboard (13) that is arranged in parallel; Constitute top chamber (16) between upper spacer (2) and the top end cover (1); Constitute upper chamber (14) between upper spacer (2), lower clapboard (13) and the housing (5); The cylindrical shell (17) that is communicated with upper chamber (14) of a plurality of even layouts is set in the below of lower clapboard (2); Constitute cold fluid between the outer wall of cylindrical shell (17) and housing (5), the lower clapboard (13) and fall passage (11) under water, constitute lower chamber (9) between the lower wall of cylindrical shell (17) and the low head (8); An inner barrel (18) that runs through cylindrical shell (17) and upper chamber (14), is communicated with top chamber (16) and lower chamber (9) is set in each cylindrical shell (17), constitutes hot fluid supercritical water circular passage (12) between cylindrical shell (17) and the inner barrel (18);
On top end cover (1), the cold fluid water out (15) that is communicated with top chamber (16) is set; Go up the hot fluid supercritical water inlet (3) that setting is communicated with upper chamber (14) at housing (5), be provided with in lower clapboard (13) below of housing (5) and fall the cold fluid water inlet (4) that passage (11) is communicated with under water with cold fluid; On each cylindrical shell (17), be provided with one and be communicated with the extraneous hot fluid supercritical water outlet (10) inner with cylindrical shell (17).
2. a kind of Natural Circulation heat interchanger that overcritical water-water reactor waste heat is discharged that is used for according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said cylindrical shell (17) is right cylinder or square body, quantity is 4-12; The shape of inner barrel (18) is identical with cylindrical shell (17).
3. a kind of Natural Circulation heat interchanger that overcritical water-water reactor waste heat is discharged that is used for according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said hot fluid supercritical water inlet (3) feeds supercritical water; In hot fluid supercritical water circular passage (12), flow; Flow out by hot fluid supercritical water outlet (10), constitute the primary side circulation; Cold fluid water inlet (4) feeds cold fluid water; Fall passage (11), lower chamber (9) under water, flow at cold fluid by waterborne the liter in passage (6) and the top chamber (16) of the cold fluid of inner barrel (18) formation; Flow out by cold fluid water out (15), constitute the secondary side circulation.
4. a kind of Natural Circulation heat interchanger that overcritical water-water reactor waste heat is discharged that is used for according to claim 3 is characterized in that: said primary side circulation and secondary side circulation are Natural Circulation, and the introducing helium drives with the enhanced natural circulation in closed circuit.
5. a kind of Natural Circulation heat interchanger that overcritical water-water reactor waste heat is discharged that is used for according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the gap between said cylindrical shell (17) and the inner barrel (18) is 10-20mm.
6. a kind of Natural Circulation heat interchanger that overcritical water-water reactor waste heat is discharged that is used for according to claim 1 is characterized in that: between said top end cover (1) and the housing (5), all adopt flange to be connected between housing (5) and the low head (8).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210301144.1A CN102820067B (en) | 2012-08-22 | 2012-08-22 | Natural circulation heat exchanger for discharging waste heat of supercritical water reactor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210301144.1A CN102820067B (en) | 2012-08-22 | 2012-08-22 | Natural circulation heat exchanger for discharging waste heat of supercritical water reactor |
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| CN102820067A true CN102820067A (en) | 2012-12-12 |
| CN102820067B CN102820067B (en) | 2015-04-15 |
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| CN201210301144.1A Expired - Fee Related CN102820067B (en) | 2012-08-22 | 2012-08-22 | Natural circulation heat exchanger for discharging waste heat of supercritical water reactor |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103902784A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-02 | 华北电力大学 | Safety analysis calculating device for transient nuclear heat coupling of supercritical water reactor |
| CN104347125A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-11 | 华北电力大学 | Double-channel natural circulation system device |
| CN106782697A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | A kind of compact heat exchanger |
| CN107369479A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-11-21 | 清华大学天津高端装备研究院 | The passive reactor shut-off system and nuclear reactor based on pressure difference for integrated heap |
| CN108414406A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-08-17 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of overcritical form experimental system |
| CN109443043A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-03-08 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of lead-supercritical carbon dioxide Intermediate Heat Exchanger |
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| CN101964214A (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2011-02-02 | 西安交通大学 | Single-phase moderator natural circulating device for reactor cold neutron source |
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- 2012-08-22 CN CN201210301144.1A patent/CN102820067B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
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| JPH0325394A (en) * | 1989-06-23 | 1991-02-04 | Hitachi Ltd | Nuclear reactor |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104347125A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-11 | 华北电力大学 | Double-channel natural circulation system device |
| CN103902784A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-02 | 华北电力大学 | Safety analysis calculating device for transient nuclear heat coupling of supercritical water reactor |
| CN106782697A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | A kind of compact heat exchanger |
| CN107369479A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-11-21 | 清华大学天津高端装备研究院 | The passive reactor shut-off system and nuclear reactor based on pressure difference for integrated heap |
| CN107369479B (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2023-08-22 | 清华大学天津高端装备研究院 | Differential pressure-based passive shutdown system for an integrated stack and a nuclear reactor |
| CN108414406A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-08-17 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of overcritical form experimental system |
| CN108414406B (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2024-04-12 | 华北电力大学 | Supercritical window experiment system |
| CN109443043A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-03-08 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of lead-supercritical carbon dioxide Intermediate Heat Exchanger |
| CN109443043B (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-09-27 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of lead-supercritical carbon dioxide Intermediate Heat Exchanger |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN102820067B (en) | 2015-04-15 |
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Granted publication date: 20150415 Termination date: 20210822 |